~ aunt, and a ems . gfffpifinu were dead (meaning APRIL g1. 124° '- NEWSY NOTES - o: seiucoaa i} As I LOOK BACK t2) w, in Old England three aw- m-g of a century ago seems P91‘- ! “zilarums -"s‘.¥'",,.”“.i.s present day. In the “ca; districts we lived pre-emin- M.“ "at. our fireside." Noth- e itéilifge which has come over’ $3 one particular. f tilt" a mile from the ii "ed l ' ‘amt ‘and the household 003-! t ‘wed of five DQ150115. my F5160; "ll as two maid-ser- 3%,?" f: gardener came three "moons n week to see to tiie gar- den), The family was in easy cir- umataiices though riot wealthy. ‘lid the house had eight room-ll. B1 am, fll-(Ppiacaa, for the Northum- w,“ winter was sometimes very "Vere, For a blessing we were negr a fllillf‘, whence it was easy ocure coal. But think a mo- ‘gent: if a lire was needed in the bedroom say. that coal had to be “mm upstairs in a coal-scuttle or “ck”, by main stNIlBT-h- o!‘ 11' one wanted a morning or 9V9 W11, the wntcr had to be carrle up to the UPKiYOOIII in a heavy can (SOmQK-ilillt! like what we call a .sp,.,,,k1¢,--'. and poured into a hip- balh hauled out from its lair 1n the clmel; for there were no ra- n]... batii-TOQXIIS those dayfl- A1- most everv thing was done by hu- man labor. that is noiv done by mechanical mvllils. Well t0 the “ighiilg of the clothes; which goes to show wily such a small family was obliged to keep two ser- m“. Eyefybgdry was heavily over- drcssed. according to modern stan- duds; ivhvtlicr it was necessary 01’ not, 1 cannot pretend to say. though liicre may have been an ex- cuse for it in the good old-fashion- gd winters o: long ago. But it made hi; "washings," and gave the Northumhrian rhymeslers a chance g, v91“, their feelings in homely 8915:1119 lagucs a poor man meets Aiang ilPES weary lva , _ may; nyen among em a that beats A rainy weshin’ day; m it's thump! thump! souse! scrub; scrub alvlll’! g _ ‘fliers nowt but. glumpin’ i the house Upon a wcshiri‘ day. Tho clothes went into a. big -tub“ instead of a washing machine. and the dirt was beaten out of LilClIl by IIICRIIS Of l "POSS- stiek." s, kind of wooden dasher weighing several pounds. and hiiv- ing a cross-handle to wield it b . It was a cod imitation of g a "one-man eetle" tior repairing roads) mentioned by Shakespeare; and it says s, good deal for the staying power of those old North- umbrian heroines that they could thump! thump! for hours at a a. One of the elementary needs of a household is an abundant sup- ply of water. We had three ways of meeting the demand. The rain water from the eaves-trough was 10d info a WISE zliic tank just un- der the roof. whence it was plaid to the back-kitchen sink: but s su was for obvious reasons, no to be relied on. Better was the supply from the brook which run through the corner of the garden, and was used for most household W056! except drinking or cook- . The drinking water was car- ried from a pretty little spring. flowing from a domed ‘structure which served to keep cattle from ""1108 ll. But it was at least. half a mile away. probably more! The 1011i Who used the "well" as they 9111611 it. had evolved a proper llilllilmont for carrying the water. Plum the blacksmith they procur- an iron hoop about 30 inches in diameter, made of stout round iton. rho water-carrier laid the hoop on the ground, and stepped 101° 1t. while holding a water- bucliet in each hand. The hoop W“ llflvd and placed on the buc- kets on the inner side of the bail handles. A rope, witii an iron hook a“ 9091i 011d. rnii across the shoul- trs o! the betizcr, and those hooks ‘were attached to the bucket hand- 95. Wlirn the nearer straightened 11P- tlle wnolc rig was lifted from itleitlrouiid. The rope took the sra n from the arms. and the hoop 1199f the buckets from the legs. 1'0 urcvont splashing, a thin disc ‘$117350 lloil-lvd in each bucket. bur lilo servants brought in four ‘Wilme- Wlllcll was usually enough “Slarleirlle days simply of drinking W11 didn't we put down a “$11K W611. iii a milling district. mural? hhlfllviis to be an under- fne 191101-111. it goes down into m iliearesr, miiic instead of flow- siil ioiizontaily ns our-g do, our 1”"! 0i‘ well was n solitary ex- ception. and seemed to have its glngllatih ‘a_1ll11 to the northward: Slflfld a largo community “m bccn used for hndurges in other parts of Eng. m 0;" llt- would have been a failure w‘ ‘61991011- As the County Couli- canledqlilcd more authority, they Duh" atiter-niaitis along all the m éflfhll-‘l flllil forced household- mmw fad branch-pipes itito all me use icuses. ‘liicn they banned we "W" H11 Sllljlngs and well, in B“, ‘lzablllslliss (In tiic public tieaith. m“ or. Orig after the Lme I louse! 113°»3?‘..l1l‘;‘.l’..“l..li°...ii’.ltié‘l“‘i.l aléflwwked. The “going n, the m,‘ I “i! brvak iii the iitonotcny venture-c “P” m" "will “"1 "'3' “m! or. as it lied been since i-he mowed “Rebekah! And one lhing e5 one. l,“ $110 place was a covet- M m. "tfiilfill one of the servants or . cg kiflltlfliéd. it was a alsuar yummy us ii who applied for the mm c. These servants came 1.0-, m "ifllfrland. and their dia- m“: mil frlnt from ours. was a norlirce of interest and u. _ who to the small boy afore- i; m“ a qlliickly learned to speak med as“ Vi‘. Tne servants were Wm mil members of the fun- mep"cn_ ‘filed-val care), with one , ‘mm- 19!’ had their meals in m, mm k when. while we used I ‘3"°°m~ It was the cus- o ‘m’ d" ""1 Place. and was l I m‘ wwunwd m ‘hi’ will! deroga- all“? Biggie servants. Thgy nap,“ ess i r resembled Wm; glrlxelmlfi/alty which the Highland clans, s ems a di." the beslmilnvee OISaVI-hgeliallggeitigwgggf tllrv when an intense devotion to ' g n home-life. and at the end self took its lace. ', 3a,, day we found our amuse- In op i are» i322... .5595‘... ‘idem: 5 me more forcibly than but there was p,“ cider method o! announ i 1i . a few giggésavigfietfrlsaliislg hoes’ hi‘ refer to the “knocked. I. mflvlbe "tut-WW w say that this was a "1"!" 111ml “slrlkerz attached gut-h! door. with which the caller t a tattoo announcing his ar- rival. Much could be written con- cerning these peremptory gadgets, but 1 will confine myself to two in. stances. When I first arrived in aide at the city. It was said to have some historical interest, but w my Tent regret I made no re- cord of t at the time, and now the wholecthmg has escaped my mem. ory. a ad about ui‘ii"'i'.'¥i§§i<e."<§§-‘“Fl¥p§.‘,‘°fi lbml called it? If I am not mis- takienitwasintheahapeofa. garland or chaiplet. I go far afield for the other in- woe. It is the huge bronze knocker on the north door o: tire great Norman Cathedral at Dur- am. llmglarui. This "Sanctuary Klloclwr" was a monstrous head of a rather tlirrlsn appearance. from whose aws depended a big ring that ac the part of the "strik- er". géiewheadl was holcllow to ac- oomm a am, were filled vTith pat-all‘, id? eyes ltroyed. but the ain kn m . to date from AD. i152. and is the chief survival of the rivilege of sanctuary which the c urch once possessed. This privilege was bas- ed upon tlie cities of refuge or- dalncd in Numbers 35. ll; and any criminal who reached and seized that rin ahead of the "avenger of blood’. was able to claim the DPWKOJOH o! the church from the secular law, until the matter was properly straightened out. Two m occupied a chamber over the door. night and day. to receive such as nought sanctuary. Old writers give some very curious ac- counts of the "ref ees". but enough has been said of the mat- ter, for the present. LUPINS AS SOIL IMPROVE!!! The yellow lupin (Lupinus luieus) has, for at least a century. been used to improve the wom- out lands of France; and so I sent across for some seed to see if it would adapt itself to our rather harsher climate, and to study it in other ways. As it is an annual there was no trouble in getting it. to germinate. and soon I had a row of bushy plants. from 18 to 24 inchm high. Had they been plow- ed down at this poin they would have reatly added to the humus conten of the soil. ‘Iliei-e m the lupins than that, how- ever; on digging a couple of them up, the roots were seen to be~ thick- ly studded with clay-colored tuber- cles. as large. and almost as round. as marbles. These nodules are the homes oi’ countless hosts of bac- teria. which extract nitrogen from tha air and wtput into the ground; thus. thout any expense to the grower, enriching his soil with a dressing of the most tostly of all fertilizers. When finally they broke into bloom. it was easy to see that they were a "species", lacking the state- itness of the garden lupins. 'I‘iie spikes were short and of a bright buttercup yellow. but the delight- ful scent more than made up for the deficiency in height. That year only about half the seed was .ipe before the frost struck in; n. very usual event when a plant comes from a country where the season is longer. This, however. gave me a, start for the next year, and by a process of selection the Pemlli- age of ripened seed has steadily grown till the unripeiiod seed is practically negligible. That fall I saved a few of the root-nodula. dried off the surface moisture, and corked them down in a wide-mouthed bottle. which was stored in a frost-proof closet. By next spring they had turned to a snuff-colored powder, which I mix- ed with water and used to "b10011- late" the seed before sowing. Most legumes grow better if inoculated. and many kinds of suitable bac- teria are on sale commercially. Though the experiment was a success. as far as firowing the lu- Dins was eaoéilcerne , Hinelver 5g? round m ng a prac ca use it. Prof. E. L Eaton, (at that time connected with the moerlmenial station, charlottetown), last year. dealt with that aspect of the mat- ter in an excellent magazine article which I have pleasure in briefly summarizing;- Lupins are more suitable for acid soils than are clover, peas. beans. or soybeans; and 91F- perience was, the richer the soil, the poorer the lupins. Sandy 5011 gave good growth. Early seedi is preferable as the plants are no easily injured by frost. when lu- pins are grown to be plowed down, the plowin should be done late. gs early powing tends to cause rapid decay and oss of nitrogen. Some varieties of lupins. says Prof. Eaton, contain a bitter alka- loid which mans them unpalatable to live stock; but European D1891" breeders have evolved a strain whichis free from mic bitter flavor and the seeds form a satisfactory protein substitute for part of the fish meal or meat scrap ration fur poultry. etc, '?One farmer in Nova Bcotia grew around 100 bushels of sweet iupins in i939 and reports ex- cellent resuits as fed in mixtures to cattle." A series of experiments was car- ried out lo determine the value of plowing down lupin: where potatoes c" “i s... s.“ ‘ii..."l‘..‘;’“’“' YOU‘. II . . pll‘ acre of 0-9-10 M25112! was a - to the ‘tow land ind t e re to came u. light. The land from whence lupins had been harvested the previous year. produced I98 bushels of potatoes oei- lore: the land where the lu ins had been plowed down the pre us fell, gave D1 buahela nor acre. WEEKLY LIVESTOCK _ MARKET REPORT Ottawa. April 18 SUMMARY (II-tile Prices were inclined to be irregular during the past week. Buyers were endeavouring to erase some of the gait-is made in the pre- vious week. and steers and heifers sold from 10c to 25c lower at maj- or markets. Cows, on the other hand. lloved to bethe bright spot. on the market and sold 25c strong- er at Toronto. Better prices on United States markets served to take a greater number of Canadian cattle across the line. Calves we-e steady to stronger under a keen export demand. By the end of the Week. however. most or the gains made at Montreal were wiped out. Lambs were general‘; steady. ex- cept at Winnipeg where an advance of 25c was recorded. due to soar- city of supplies. On receipt of advice from the United Kingdom. that no ediate increase in bacon sup- plies from Canada would be re- quired. the hog market reacted downward. Closing prlcfs ivere any- where from 25c to 00c below the high time of the week. Eastern Cattle lllarkels Butcher cows made an early gain of 25c at ‘TORONTO and held it to the close. At the same time, how- ever. steers and heifers dropped 10c to 15c under a fairly heavy offer- ing. Weighly stccrs so'd generally up to $7.25, with one top lot at $7.40 while butcher steers and heifers closed at $6.25 to $7, with tops at $7.25. The high on butcher cows was $6. Cattle prices at MON- TREAL were about 25c higher. and demand was good at the increased prices. Good steers sold mostly at $7.50 to $7.75, with a top of $7.90 recozded. Cows made up to $6. Light receipts of the better grades of cat- tle eieated a keen demand and held prices firm on these in the MARI- TIMES. and good to choice steers brought $7 to $7.50. Prices softened. however. on heavier marketings of plain and fair types. Western Cattle Marketa Cattle trade proved very spotty at Winnipeg. Cows advanced fully 25c but httfcliei" steers and heifer-s worked 15c to 25c lower. Moderate deliveries after Monday served to check any appreciable decline. The market continues sensitive to daily volume of receipts. The better grades of steers made $6.75 to $7 at WIN- NIPEG. and most other slaughter steers from $6 to $6.50. The trade could use more slackers if _'.TIS.V were offered at the moment. Feshy feeders sold at $6 and aanve. CAL- GARY was active on a light supply. with good butcher cattle fully 25c stronger. Gnod butcher steers made $6.50 to $6.75. and choice lights $7 to $7.50. EDMONTON was active at firm rates and mild $6.75 to $7 for good to choice light butcher steers. Elsewhere. prices were steady to a shade firmer. with too steers 1t PRINCE ALBERT and MOOSE JAW making $6.50. REGINA $7.00. SASKATOON $7. and VANCOU- VER $7.25 - United States ltliirkct Buffalo absorbed over 1.000 Ca- nadlan cattle last week-end at pri- ces estimated to be 25c to 50c above the previous ivceksakis were mostlv with a top load at. $10. This weeks sales of Canadians ivcre on a fed and watered basis at $7.75 to s9. Mondavs and Tucsdaws saiPs were 25c lower than the previous week- end, but nevertheless looked about 15c i0 25c better than riccs ruling at Toronto. Latrsl. quo ntions from St. Paul placed good heavy Cana- dian steers at $9, and a load of bulls at $6.60. Exports to the United States dur- in the week consisted of 3,288 beef ca tie. 221 dairy. an; 1,214 calves. Totals to date this year are 28.018 beef, 2.423 dairy. and 12.385 calves compared with 57.788 beef. 2.913 dairy. and 19.872 calves in the cor- responding eriod of 1939. Exports from April st to April 18th. under the second quarterly quota, were 8.663 beef cattle as iicainst 20.313 in the corresponding period of last year. Calf Prices Stronger _A good 210M demandwkept calf Land with no lupins, but with the 0-8-10 fertilizer. gave only 161 bushels of potatoes, The results of all the experiments went to show that the potatoes secured as iiiiich nitrogen as they needed, from the residue of the lupiiis. A blue lupin iLupinus august!- Qolius) has also been used in Nova Sootia with some success; but Prof. Eaton is cnieful to olnt out that the final place 0f tiese plants in the farming program of the pro- vince can only be settled by farm- ers themselves after further years of experience. As I said of soy- beans "It is one thing to grow a new field crop, and quite another thing to make the best use of it when you've grown it." All be- ginnings are difficult, Ls an o.d classical saying. LIME AS A PRESERVATIVE There seems to be a hint worth taking, in the experience of a fnrmer vt-iio had some trouble with his chimney. It. was on the "cen- tre peak" of his roof. and owing to the use of bad mortar on the first occasion. was rebuilt twice iii a comparatively short spam! 01 time. At each rebuilding a. cer- tain amount of mortar rolled down the roof: which oi course al- ways happens] The rain washed it in, and in effect. 119d 8111"‘ matically whitewashed a stripe of shingles from the chimney to the caves. When later tire roof had to be renewed. the shingles were [Qund to he greatly decayed-ail but. the whitewashed strip which the farmer estimated would have been good for another ten years. As times go it is costly land some to be more so) to e feci. repairs. and anything which will lengthen the lifc of material, well deserves consideration; especially when the means are simple and cheaP- W9 should not perhaps, like to see our roofs aparkingwwhlte. but the lime- wash could- colored with um- ber. ochre. or burnt sienna, nil earthy materials furnishing shades of brown or yellow. Little has been attempted so far in colorlnfl limewash. but our folk are bell"- nim to experiment it is pleasant to note. and as time oes on they will evolve better tec nflfafllll. on off ca!" wclchis at. $8.50 to $0.75. ' suited in easier prices on iqus and _'!.'H_F. CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN Canadian Garden Service 1940 By coupon LINDSAY SMITH Val-My of Flowers Not even in oil aintiri is i - Siblfl t0 36f. I p c010? "ed llhv amateur gardener in a few__ ten cent packets of f ower seeds. It .5 this infinite variety lus the Jatiafa/ction of creative wor which makes gardening so fascinating. There are vaiying huefiimpoggiblq to describe. there are di erent tex- tufe-L height-i. seasons of bloominif. In the tiniest plot one can have an Bllflfmous ranflfi- By adding a few stones and easing up on the 1.059, in one corner one may have a rock giggen: by gxcavaltlng u nlole, lining concre e or iuerey sinking a crook flush withthe surface of the soil. lo. we have a. lily pool. One can do wonders with flowers alone. but; still more amazing results will follow where we combine flow- ei's skillfuly with ass, winding walks. shrubbery an bits of stone wonk. In this combining, however we must take care not reproduce a jungle. Flowers and ahrubbery must not be so crowded that they become spndlv and weak. Little flowers must not be hidden by tall things like fu‘l size mari- goids. cosmos or nnias. Beds must be so arranged that we can kee down weeds and remove fldihg foil- age. Above all we must remember prices sarong at Toronto, and choice veals made $10.50 to $11. with a few $811.50. Montreal gained 50c in the early part of the week. out lost most of it by the close, when the bulk of the sacs were made between $5.50 and $6.25. Winnipeg was higher, with the top at $8.50. The high point at Calgary was $9.50. Edmon- ton ancl Saskatoon $8.50. Prince Albert $7.25, Moose Jaw $7.50. and Regina $8. flog Prices Close Lower Hog prices early in the week re- turned to the levels which had ore- vailed for a considerable time past, hut information received from the United Kingdom, to the effect that no immediate increase in bacon supplies from Canada would be re- quired. served to send prices tol considerably lower levels by the close of trading. At Toronto. bec- ons closed at $8.50 off trucks and $11.25 dressed. Similar declines were recorded on direct deliveries h n1 ckinz plants throughout Ontario. The bulk of the hogs at Montreal sold at $9.40 for bacons, fed and watered. but the tone was much weaker by the close, with prices not deflnitelv established. Winnipeg worked clown to $8 for bacons. fed and watered: while Calgary closed at $7.90 off trucks: Edmonton $7.75 Prince Albert. and Saskatoon $7.70; and Moose Jaw and Regina $7.75. .'=.lriw'~'ec bogs at Vancouver brought $8.75. Lambs Generally Unchanged Lamb vecelots were light at Tc» ronto and prices unchanged at sli).75 for cocci Westerns and locals. Mon- trecl paid up to s10 each for some ca'ly sprfng lambs. Winnipeg was stronger on a small supolv and had 20nd "ambs at $9.75 to $10. Calgary had a few lambs at $9.25, and tops at Edmonton. Moose Jaw and Saska- toon were $9. CATTLE PQARKETS TORONTO movti a supply of 6.- 067 cattle, with butcher colvs hold- lng a gain of 25c. while steers and heifers closed 10c to 15c down. Opening trade was active but the market slowed before the close. Weicliiy steers were mostly $6.75 to $7.25. a top lot $7.40. and but/sh- ers- clo-ni-l at $8.25 to $7. with tops $7.25. Fed calves closed lower. with most sales $7.50 to $8.50. Butcher cows brought $4.50 to $6. canners and cutters $3.50 to $4.25. and bulls $5 to $6. A few lots of western stockers moved out at $6.65. and some native feeders at $6.85. Milken: and s“"""'crs sold Porn a general lop of $80 down to $50 each. MONTREAL sod 1.740 cattle al an advance of 25c. Steers made $5.50 to $7.90. with good ones most- lv $7.50 lo $7.75. Heifers ranged from $4 to.$7. butcher cows from $4 to $6, and caniiers and cutters from $3 to $3.75. Bulls were $4.50 to $6.25. Milch cows ranged from $50 to $90 each. MARITIMES: Prices held firm on a short supply of good cattle. and best s"ee s brought $7 to $7.50. medium to good $6 to $6.75. no’! others down to $4. Heifers were 25c to 50c below steer pr‘ces. Cows sold firm, with good at $5 to $5.50. fair to medium at $4 to $4.75, and cavi- “““s cud cutters $2.50 to $3.25. ll an even distribution. It that unless we are akilful best to use a. fair amount o as a foreground for our _ Lawns are almost vital in creating garden pictures. 00d Seed It is impossible to over emphng. ize the importance of good seed. Other factors may be beyond control 1F U10 imrdener has absolute check over this foundation.‘ Weather. soil and location may be ideal but with- out 200d seed. specially selected to suit Canadian conditions, the garden l5 20ml; to be a failure. Gnu Likes Cool Weatliu Grass makes its most rapid growth n the cool weather of spring and fa.l. On this account lawn work of B new or repair nature should be carried out ust as soon as the soil to? glori- tn n. 88 "-8. e ground Olilti be allowed to settle for a few days at least, and then levelled again. it is advisable to repeat this process several times. The top soil shouid then be raked fine and on a wind- iess oav the grass sown at a liberal rate. once _a.ci‘Oss and once length- wise. This double sowin insures always best to Bet a good mixture of high quality packaged grass seed blen- ded by expert Canadian seedmen. O‘ C G’ n _ No IIuri-y The beginner is warned against too deep. too early and too close‘ planting of ve stables and flower seeds. Nastur urns, peas, beans, corn and such large seeds should 0 in about an inch or so and be plan - ed at least three cr four riches apart. Tiny seeds like alyssum, DDy and onion are merely pressed nto the soil. Before sowin mix with a little sand to help sore the ‘IOW- inz more even . Window Boxcl Even the apartment dweller is able to satisfy a gardening nmbition when it comes to window boxes. ‘This sort of gardening is highly intensive with many more plants to the square foot than would be grown under ordinary conditions. This means that very rich soil should be used and in addition a fairly frequent application of chemical fertilizer during the sea- son. Bein exposed on all sides to lng ds. a thorough water- ing once a. day of the window box ad lsed v . The box stained ;| en or brown. or painted to match the house trim, should be as long as the window and should be arranged so that the top of it is almost flush with the window sill. There must be holes in the bottom to provide drainage, and also a layer of gravel, cinders. broken crockery or similar material for the same purpose. Along the front of window boxes are planted trailing Nasturtiums. German Ivy, Lobella. Alyssium and similar plants, with Petunias, Agor- atums. Begonias. Ferris. Geraniums and other plants especially recom- mended for this purpose farther back. Shelter from the sun for a, day or two should be provided un- til the plants get established. Seeds Vital Seed. while only costing a few cents is vital to success. We must be sure that it will grow into flow- ers or vegetables suitable to our rigorous Canadian climate. It must be from pure strains. selected and packed by reputable dealers. Some flowers which will do well in the warmer climate of Southern Enz- land or the United States may prove a disappointment in Canada. The seeds may rat iri our cool ground. or the plants may not reach blooming stage until the first frost threatens "next September. Even those seeds which we saved carefully from our own gar- den last fall are often a failure. They are likely to have become mixed with other flowers and poor- ly cdored or shrunken blooms will be the result. If vegetables, strains may have become mixed or we may have unwittingly selected those from too late maturing plants Seed saving is a job for the ex- nerts. Best commercial seed comes from special farms operated by professionals. when we wet our sred from a reliable Canadian seed house, we do not have to worry being assured that the picture on the packet represents the final re- sult. If we follow the simple di- rections and give a little care. Kitchen Gardens In the kitchen garden at the door it is advisable of course to Heavier marketlngs of plain and fair cattle with little demand. re- ihese , grades. CALF MARKETS TORONTO calves were strong on I. keen export demand. Choice veals made $10.50 to $11 a few up a: $1.50, and common lights down MONTREAL calves were uneven. By Tuesday. good veals were $7.50. ps up to $8. biit at the close most sales ware between $5.50 and $6.25 and averaging about $6. HOG MARKETS The Dominion hog run was 89.086. compared with 72.899 in the same week last year. Totals to dae: this year. 1.406 489; last year. 991,422. TORONTO bosons opened at $9 riff trucks and ti‘. dressed. The close was $9.50 and $ll.25. sows were ss dressed or $4.50 off trucks. Prices for direct deliveries to packing plants were lower at the close. HAMIL’. 3N paying $11.25 to $11.50 for the basic grade dress- ed delivered: MONCTON paid $11.15 delivered. MONTREAL becons were mostly $9.40 f. a; w.. $9.50 off trucks. and $12.40 dressed. The clow was weak and prices were not established. SHEEP #131) LAMB MARKETS TORON lamb prioea were stead at $10.75 for good westerns and ocais, with culls down to $8. A few spring lambs broughtfll fo$ll each. Sheen were stead at $3.50 to . Receipts were liqh , with only 1.000 wesuerns included. MONTREAL had odd early lambs a $8 in no each. Sheep were $3 to EXPORTS OI‘ BACON C RAMS T0 UNITED KINGDOM Weight of Wilfshirea and cuts leaving pectin: plants for export. keep a plentiful supply of salad material like leaf and head let- tuce. onions and possibly oelcrv. ‘The latter is set out in the garden as well started nlnnts usually after all danger of frost ls over. For vegetable rows. there are small cultivator-s pushed by hand which will cu tivate a plot 100 by 50 tn well under an hour and these can be procured in larger size for horse or tractor. NEXT —Vai'iety in flow- ers. grass. don't rush. u-Canadian Seed Trade Associa- on. Fashionable women are wearing dremes plastered with gold braid. ‘Their mufti ha: apparently been designed to put male uniforms in the ahcdc. Fitch was not one case in previous wars! BETTER SEEDS. week ended April 13th 1M0, 8.881,- 028 ibl. _ leading Merchants VITAL ISSUES AFFECTIN NATURAL RESOURCES UAR-SHIELD. ‘ I CONSERVATION I a WEEKL! COLUMN or rnacncnl. OPINIONS or nu G THE USES AND ABUSE! OF I! All. LUDIDW JENKINS. CONSERVATION-HOW IT -1‘; WORKS Notes, News and Comments 1939 was a. year of hard work; we rejoice to record this, for we enjoy hard work. While engaged in an intensive campaign. we kept abreast of our other activities at the same time. in so far as we had money with which to carry them on. It was a happy year, for as we worked we felt tae strength of our conservation friends behind us, and we took courage at every step be- cause of the understanding help which gave us. in money, in counsel. and in active participation. Klngs Canyon National Park Our campaign for Kings Canyon National Park has been crowned with complete success. The Gear- hnrt Bill to create the Park passed the House of Representatives on the 18th July. 1939. and passed the Sen- ate on the l9th February. 1940. All credit to the able and active conservationLsLs who worked for this bllLTlie story of the campaign is so interesting that we have written it out at some length. Campaigns such as this one demonstrate how conservationists, acttng together. make conservation work. At the opening of the campaign we published our pamphlet, The for the highest benefit of mankind. The people who for selfish reas- ons are opposed to national parks reiterate that forests are for the of the nation, and should not be included in national parks. which are. so they declare for "recrea- tion." But it is obvious that there is more than one kind of use, and more than one kind of recreation. 'I‘he word recreation too often is narrowly restricted. And recreation does _not end with games. sports and the sla hter of wild creatures. The botan st. the zooogist the ornithologist. have a right to their particular and high- er form of recreation. The amateur naturalist who can call no species by its Latin name, but. whose love of wild life makes a common lang- uage between himself and the ahy- est of wild creatures. has his right as a citizen to refresh himself, to re-creale himself, in the environ- ment of ‘beauty. and above all of peace. that is necessary for his en- joyment. For this higher and, to be prac- tical. more economical and more efficient form of recreation, the ideal environment is a forest. For- est lands. if only for this reason, are preemlnentlv suited to nation- a. narks. And the forest must be a virghi forest. if it is to give the highest recreational facilities. Only in their natural environment, devei. oped by slow processes through the Wes. can the relation of tree and Proposed John Muir-Kings Canyon National Park. (The name of John Muir was afterwards deleted from the bill). This was rinted twice. and more than 20, o0 ies were distributed. We put out wo lea.f- . lets, Save Kings Canyon from Power Dams and The Impending Ruin of Kings Canyon, and a one- page fiver. The Hart Tree. Red- wood Mountain. Our correspon- dence was enormous. Somehow. it was taken care of with the help of one part-time sfcnogwiphor. Much midnight. oil was consumed. Seldom was Sunday a day of rest. Olympic National Park Another victory was won when. on the 2nd January. 1940. President Roosevelt proclaimed an addition m the Olympic National Park. You will remember that the bill estab- ishlng the Olympic Park gave ower to the President to add a urther 255.932 acres over and above the original 642.960 acres. The same group of obstructionists who tried to defeat the Olympic Park have been determined that the added land should not contain the most beautiful of the forests which the conservationists have insisted must be included in the Park. But the Emergency Conservation Committee continued to work for the inclu- slon of the finest areas of the for- est. especially that of the Bora- chiol and I-Ioh valleys. After a thor- ough survey, the President. has pro- claimed the addition of 187.411 acres of forested lands that round out the forest holdings already in the Park. The north shore of Lake Quinault is included. Best of all. 50.000 acres have been added of the unrivalled forests in the Boon- chiel. l-loh and Queets vallevs. The narrow ctvrldrir on the south bank 1 of the Bozachiei was not. included because th-e land is privately own- ed. and no funds were available for its purchase. The forest in this cor- ridor contains magnificent Sitkn spruce. aiid the lumbering of it would ruin the river valley. It is desirable that an exchange be made by the Forest. Service for timber in another locality. We shall not fail to urge such a nlan. The Forest Service cooperated in favoring the new additions. and has pledged itself to do all it. can to save the south bank of the Bogaclilel. Th» Governor of Washington did not nri-rinnllv favor the Olvmnic Pivk. but he has accented the additions in fine snirlt. W" believe that his rzond soorfstnnrisliin will have its rsivnvd in how-used nrrwoorliv that w" come to his state through the park. A further 68.52! acres remain to he added fn mp Olympic Park. A stafemwi of the Reclonnl Director of the Park Service leads us in hone that the n" k will h» extended nlrmc ilic QIWP‘; River vallcv to iii» sea. and “'1'! include a strln reecliioc in Yak" Ozettc on the shores of the Pacific. Recreation The Ffnicrwncv Crtn-nvyfilinfl Committee looks back with satis- ""‘“0“ n“ i‘- rnv~\““i"'l'\S \\'iii"h have added 6.000 acres of remark- able sugar pine forest to Yosemite Park. have protected the Olvmoir- Forests in the Olvmplc Park. arid which. through the creation of Kings Canyon Park. have saved the marvellous Bilz T"ecs of Redwood Mountain. Never has this country aw! H‘- rvorlri needed the beautv oi’ such places more than it does today. We cannot understand the riwentmcnt. which some people feel when glorious forests are set asldr to be forever protected and used DOESTHE TRICK/ "i Ask your neiohbora whui Bray Chicks did for them. Then phone, or drop in. W. I. Bowman. Hunter River. W. K. Crafer, Kenaington. Francis Gardiner, Launching Place. Mrmcllssil MacDonald, Trundle rose. Waldo MacDonald. Bothwell. Lloyd ll. Mcliwen, Bouris. Mrs. George Myers. Hunter River. Earl Diamond, Wllisloe; or 0. C. Johnson. North Tryon. Wllmnt Valle! stone. bird and beast. be truly on- joyed. In such forests can be found t.e peace that restores shattered nerves. that re-creates shattered lives. Physicians of today demand M a prime necessity for many of their patients the healing powers possessed by nature alone. The government acts logically) in provid- ing places for this healing of the 5133i ‘f. ’° it“? 1*“ kiwi? “i m" e 0s a the bod! P or e ea! ng of But people with interests wholly selfish spread the propaganda that national parks should include only high mountains, rocky crags. ex- tended views. land generally unbro- ductive. These 8s are exalted as national park standards." The lumberman recognizes beauty in a forest only when it is expressed in terms of boardfeet. and asserts that the glory oi’ the virgin forest does not rise to “national park stand- ards. It would apnpear from the speeches and writ gs of some of these people that is is positively WTOIlB to protect a virgin forest. The more remarkable the forest. the greater the wrong! According to a news item published in the state of Washington, I have been reported to the Dies Committee for “un- American" activities on account of the part I played in saving some of the virgin forest of the Olympic Peninsula. Forests in the National Forests are liidlspensible to the nation in one vray; forests in the National Parks are indispenslole in another wav. Each use of the forest is vital to the nation's welfare. and there is no conflict between the two uses, This is the thesis of the Ynfroduction bv "it" sllfrfilllly 0f the Interior to our Publication No. 73, Our Nation's Forests. We hope that all our friends will read it. (To be continued) TOBY JUGS The origin of Toby jugs is the subject of an article by Mr. Bern- ard Hughes in the current issue of The Home Owner. "Tradition has que piece of Staffordmire ware was named after a notorious eigh- teen century drinker. Henry Elives. nicknamed Toby Fillpot on ac- count of his drlnktrig 2000 gallon; of beer out of a plain stoneware mug. "Nearly all the old Staffordshire putters made Toby jugs; but it was Ralph Wood who is supposed to have thought of the idea. And in. “'55 a harm idea. too. for Toby be- came one of the ‘best sellers’ of the eighteenth century. "It i‘: not an easy matter t0 get ll mod Toby jug belonging to the eighteenth ceii-ttiiiv. but ivhen buy- ing it is always well to remember that the lighter in weight they are the 110M915 The old jugs were all it." he declares. "that this grows-- NA TURE N O TES iii By Stuart L. Thompson i fln'u'li'h':'-'n'd‘n'u‘n'i'n"a'-'n'n'ul'n'in‘h - PIONEER BUTTERFLII-JS ‘J One bright Saturday afternoon recently, 1 made a trip to a sugar bush with some naturalist friends. We went to see that truly Cair- atllan activity in 8.CtlOf1—lii6 boil- ing dOWn Of maple sap into sugar and syrup-arid, of course. to gel. a gallon fresh from the camp to bring home. However, one cannot go to the woods on a. fiiie April day IVlliIUllL seeing some toiin of wild life, But. it was not the bird-a. nor the owl squirrel, that interested us that day. what caughtbur attention ivcre several butterflies flitting about. Butterflies while there was yct snow on tiic ground! Yes, tlivru really were! but iiui summer bu‘.- terilies. Those we saw iii tli-i April woods were the pioneers of this group of beautiful insects. early as March after Lhs weather becomes sunny we see the Mourning Cloak butterfly. 1115 wings life: brOdfily marked with rlcii chocolate brotvii, bordered l). creamy yellow and spotted with pale ue. In a. bold, swift, cori- fident mariner this hardy butter- fly flits about from place to place, pausing to spread his wings in the sun as though he would like to drink in the spring sunshine. Ha cannot stay long in one spot. Vvizii a. quick flit (if the wings the iii- sect is gone and next instant. ap- pears in another sunny place m pause and sun himself again. He l seems to fairly revel in his free- doiii as a school boy might on his first holiday. impatient to make the most. of it. Another b0ld pioneer among the butterflies of spring ia the Comp- ton Tortoise shell. So different is this insect from the Mounting Cloak in color that no one could confuse the two. mstead of helm; chocolate brown with yellow bor- ders, the Tortoise shells WIDEES are faxitasticall checkered and mottled with b ks, browns, uiii- bers, and buffs, with m can whim 138K311 hBYB End there. His actions are much the same as those of the 1140111111118 Cloak as he flits ener- getically‘ about, thoroughly eii- joyinz life. Another butterfly we may see in the sunny leafless woods is a smaller companion of these lgnotwn as Milbertfis Tortoise shell, we can easily recognize this butterfly hv a vivid broad band of oriiirgn-rt-nt which crosses both wings in g vErV striking maiuicr. ' How different in a aranc at": these three hardy iIITISJtSCB! e’I‘hey bear no resemblance to one an- other, Even a fleeting glnncg re. veals this as the butterflies flit 119"? and thelfl- But the moment. we approach one of them for a closer view the alert insect ceases the lazy spreading of his wings and 511W! them shill. and the butter- fly seems to vanish from sight, for 911B under-Sides of the wings are dull and plain. resembling iinlhing more than the drab uni-k or 1b,. dead leaves of the forest on which the creature has settled. so with 8- 511111716 I119 of its wings the alert 11119991113! lwtuall melts info the hmkglflllhd and gone. s‘ made of the creamy o bone- paste, which is so lightt as w be noticeable when the article is lift- ed. Look also at the feet. Antique Toby jugs nearly always have n01. lowed feet, “There are about two dozen var- ieties of figures known to the collector of Toby ware. There is Lord Howe. with red coat, purple waistcoat, and white trouser», scar- ed on a chest: there is Lord Nel- son, in blue naval uniform, stand- ing on a green base. the-re is the Squire. seated with pipe and Juir; the Convict, a very thin man in yellow stripes: there is the Hearty Good Flclloiv. in yellow breaches. blue coat. and striped waistcoat: and there is the watchman. it" long grey coat and black hat. wit? lantem in hand: and so nn. incluri- m2 tho (mo-Armed Tsbi" aiirl Toby's wife Joan. vntn broivn bodice, wllow apron, and mil mob cap." from the Spring 1940 In high gear . . . . . l Elmer Waugh, i 84Qneen Sire“ CONVERT YOUR OLD CAR INTO A IIALLMORE TRACTOR FOR ONLY THE PRICE 0F ONE HORSE It will pull a three bottom Tractor plough in sod BROOK VILLE LIME ' Will sweeten your Land making it grow Larger and Better Crops. BUY NOW WHILE THE PRICE IS LOW. $3.00 PER TON BULK. $3.75 PER TON BAGGED. In Car Lots of 80 Tons or more Delivered to your nearest Railway Point in P. E. I. Take Delivery Early and avoid the Rush. Order today Brookville Manufacturing Co.. Ltd. Brookvllle. Saint John 00.. N. B. Mrs. II. G. S. Adams, Pres. We also manufacture Burnt Lump Lime, Masons Lime. Hydrated Spray Lime. and Hydrated Land Lime. Prices and particulars furnished upon request. POWERFUL — FAST - ECONOMICAL HALL é? STAVERT Charlottetown s,