O . ‘ ‘   " '~-/ O 1 , 4| i1'Mrmers, `:'Da`irym“" ‘ ”"” ` “"
4. _
en. 
TO THE -v FARMER
pn;-more and' others interested are
lnvited to contribute to The Farm,
The Dairy, The Turf, and Good
needs departments ‘ol The Guardian
other by question, correspondence or
otherwise. Answers will be given by
“parts to all Questions of gene;-nl
interest and lliace will be given to
,ny articles that will in any way
help to advance Prince Edward Is.
' ||nd interests.
Contributors are asked to have
their articles at this oiilce early onel,
geek, as only a short emergency
mm can be handled as late as one
p.m. Wednesday. All received after
I
Th°"° Hl'0. howev r
vegetables which one tbl: niggifnttqeeirbl
“°t 5° billed. and the next best meth.
°d is that °f "l'°a"ll“E- TTY a sweet
P0tato_ boiled and one steamed and
notice the difference in the sweetness
“then” “V9 f°¢°11UY been made as to
tabamount of material lost from veg.
e es when boiled and steamed, an
article in the 'Home Economics Jour-
xii Eivvllrhsome facts that nre_wor¢h
Bch U81; H e writer shows that spin-
it . 0 ed, loses 31.59 ,per cent. of
B fo_od material, wlno gplnwh
steamed loses but .18 per ognz, The
“sh lost in b°ll1l1Z lliilltiuli amounts
t0 51-65 Per cént. while insteaming it
is but 9.34 per cent. -Cabbage loses
4252 Der cent. of its ash when boiled
and 11.47 per cent. when steamed,
Hh<_>l1t one-fourth as much. Carrots
steamed show loss of 6 per cent. of
U10 illtif’-T. HB ¢0mDared with 17 per
ci(:1n;.f.t when boiled. If they are boil-
;;fothe|;tw0. Some interesting comps,-_
that hour cannot appear until the e er cutting up the:1oss_is increas
foll0WlD§ W¢°k- this that steaming is more economical
than boiling as far as the food ma-
' terials saved are concerned. As the
ed to 26 per cent. It is evident from
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THE SCHOOL A
MID '
O O O I O O O O O O
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Contributions for this department
should be addresse_d to
President Teachers’ Association
Guardian's School and Homo
P. 0. Box 188. Charlottetown
Yoon sci-fool.,
(Canadian Farm.)
Holidays over, and again the little
and big are settling down ,'to the
usual round of work. We are all
thsnnful that there is in each year a
long period ol uninterrupted play for
-'°¢»;»;»»;»¢;»¢:»;»;»;»;»;»;»¢;»»;».;»;».;»;»»;»;»;. flavor is retained potter g is
eze
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thc little folks. They are just young
animals to be likencd to kittens or
lambs, full of mischief and frolic, and
just as much in need of an abundance
of fresh air 'and exercise, My sym-
I-iflllly DHS always gonc out to the wee
tots sitting long houii on hard scats
in stuff over crowded school o M'
Y - r oms.
Thcy are hardly, allowcd to stir and
must not speak. Pretty hard lines
when we come to think of it.
lf thcre is one teacher that should
havc n kindly heart and an extra sup-4
Dly of good common sense and get
wcll paid for her work it is the W
teacher in the primary department. I
A young, inexperienced, giddy- girl is t
often considered well enough qualifi- H
cd to teach infants and the big mis- °
take is made right at the very start 0
of the child’s educational career. In 5-
b08rd hss_ alwa, copsi ered 1;, -12
rrimwceomwddcssmf ise*no2l’l in
carefully sdlccted, and l1aid~her ac- V
cording to the high worth they plac- C
A good ‘teacher is almost beyond lu
price for in .her hands is placed the b
moulding of the minds of our youth e
-without, question the most valu- r
nhlc asset of the world-and yet they b
$250-$300 for n., year of nerve_-wreck- in
ing, brain-tiring work. We should be 5
more. p
Men and women will not stay in w
the teaching profession for any length 8
of time, they use it as a, stepping 0
stone to something that brings them A
in a decent living. The salary should Bi
be such that it would intice people W
of brains and ability to take up is
teaching as 9,1ife's work, then will them; oonscquently too large H- bed
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lfltli und 19th day, and continue in
hut condition two or three days; ii
ot too fat, or overicd, she will, il
ouplcd with n boar that is all rigllf.
rdinorily get with pig, and farrow in
bout 112 days or sixteen weeks. Dur
Fargo, North Dacota, the gdnool ing this pcriod she will be much bct-
q grofl allowed _to _i;u_n,,i,11.Pf1sb},\f@;, at
ariety of food ‘ will be much more
onducive to the health of the sow
ed on ber work and position. and her future family than condos-
g s
eing bred from she will fattcn very
aslly, and should not be allowed to
un with a lot of other pigs that are
eing fattened for market. While il- li
are such an underpaid class of toilers desirable to have her pretty well up
hould not be fat. A few hours hBf0l`6
ashamed of it, s ditch-digger gets the pigs are to be born milk can be
ressed from her tests; she should be
ble bed, free from lutI’uBi0Il by Digs
r an other stock, and undisturbed
h way,
W0. Steaming should be mor`e popu-
lar than it is.
Steamers for household use are on
the market, which'are made of abot-
tom pan for the water and four com-
partments for cooking different mn-
tcrials. A pipe leads into each one
of these compartments, which has a
hole on the side of it through which
the steam escapes into that compart-
ment. When the compartment is set
upon another these pipes form s flue
and steam goes up without becoming
contaminated by the odors of what
may bc cooking in any one of thc
compartments. 'This is economical of
fuel, because scvcrnl things may be
cooked at one time, using one burner.
Vegetables may bc used in several
ways after steaming just as after
boiling, as, for instance, mushing,
scnlloping, frying and crenming. To
scallop or creumcd vegetables may 'bc
added bits of parsley, green peppers,
chccse or pimcntos, to make attrac-
tivc color nnd to vary thc flavors.
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ANAGEMENT OF
SUWS AND PIGS
(Farm and Home)
When not_in pig, or suckling, nsow
ill usually como in heat about cvcry
t"5v“ei.ts;=i»refity‘ or esarene"§se‘ n
ent on n sin le kind of feed After
flcsb when the Pigs are film, she.
here sho can mnke herself n comfort-
y .
deep bed with high walls to its
des is und, as the pics may milto-
ards the bottom, where the mother
almost certain to step or lie Ou
children have before them ideals
worthy of imitation. _
Too often n flue teacher is let go
because he has' been offered $100 more
somewhere else. The very fact of
him being ` sought , after tells his
worth. Butz' S100 more salary~cannot
be considered-and so a cheaper man.
probably,,` in every respect- takes
his place,f~' I had an almost wasted
year in Iii-y own school life from lust
such a ease. _
Take an interest in the teacher of
your children. Ask her to tea so she
may have the opportunity of meeting
the parents and seeing the home life
of her pupils, She will then have a
better idea of what she should ex-
pect, and will have a personal con-
Ccrn in their advancement.
D0 not listen encouragingly to
tnlcs or complaints brought home
from the school by thc children.
Little school incidents are often
exaggerated. or misrepresented. It
repeatedly happens thnt an _unruly
child forms a dislike for a teacher
who insist: on obedience. Children's
stories are often far from reliable. ‘
Never, no matter how grevouslv it
fault a teacher may bc, never speak
dispnraglngly of her before your
Children.
Visit the school, lool' about it Wliill
n critical eye, sniff the atmosphere
iy0\l`ll not .likely have to sniff) to
ascertain if the ventilation is R005:
“amine the seats, secif the llgllilnlr
is proper, don't forget the drinkinB
Dail, which should be a covered earth-
cn crock with a faucet, and tech
child have herown cup, _then ekaillina
the play grounds and do'n’t fall f-0 E0
into the toilets. If some hall-GMBH
Parents sac? term made such a tour
-0! inspect on, n much desired and
needed reformation fvould take,PlB°°
In our centres of education.
Don’t be 'indifferent or ncglectful
towards your school.
-qu-n-»-nu-_-_-»-°
FOOD VALUE IN VEGETABLES
_daluable in the diet
fruit, they form the
which we 80% ¢°f'
Ash is one of the
tain
this is li!
is. if the
or too much litter is worse than too
little. If she shows a disposition to
devour nor pigs, it is recommended as
n, good plan to rub them over with H
cloth slightly mniatened with Defama-
For n day or two she will need little
else than some water und sl0D. “°l1
too cold or too rich, then her feed
should be gradually increased in
quantity and Quality. lille mfm in
charge bearing in mind that for a
time what he. feeds the sow upon
must not 01115' ba her support' but
the sustenance of all her famillf Of
little ones, Maize alone, say an
American farm iournal. is "'°l`Y P001'
milk-making material. About one
part maize meal to three parts bran
or mmdungs, soaked twenty-four t0
thirty-six hours, makes a sl0D that.
with grass or other grccn food, ll\`0‘
(lucas healthful milk and healthy Digs-
When the pigs are three weeks old. i
some sweet milk is placed where tlwlf
ooh find it, and where it will not 1:]
eaten by other animals, they wit
soon teach themselves how to en .
not only thc milk, hilt almost any
soft food thnt may be supplied them:
and they will in a short time clit f
surrrisinz uuantltv. ¢““5l“B B "“l’l‘}
growth, with muph lcss tu§Bln¢ “
and wcur and tcar of thc sow. They
should hc kept going and growinfl ll*
this way until about eight weeks old,
when thuy will do t0 WUBII-
,____....__----
RAL MANAGEMENT
‘GENE ' or Pouurav.
t th ull ts to lay
if vlhelymirriat ddgxantl; ‘loaded abon't
to suit some fend! 0! lillllf 0Wl\¢1`.(;l0
the pullets like the small holder,h 2-
sire some flxity bl f-°l\“l`°» l>lB°° t ‘lm
once and ',for all in the runs they
no ¢o occupy during the winter, and
do not move them again. Coceral
or no cockerel is another question.
po;-gonally I thlnk_a cockerel should
bo turned down with them whenever
possible, not that' they will not la!
lf one he not present in the Sup.
not many people ilnd that the ppl l 9
settle better and commence laying
sooner if a cockerel is allowed in the
pen. V _ _ , _ .
- Bee that 'theyfave all eml>l° r0°m
on the perch an that none ecvlt K-
bout on the floor -or in thc self, D01'
es, allow fresh all .without di-sulll¢‘
have not a large grass run on which
to dlsport themselves. In the case
of confined runs mudh can be done
to promote exercise by burying their
grain fairly deep in the litter of their
scratching shed and by suspending
their green food at such a height
that it can only be reached by s
short jump. To summarise, the pul-
lets must be comfortable and .be suit-
ably fed, fairly warm and sheltered,
and in- good condition, all simple
things. but sometimes difficult of
attainment. Do not allow the grass
to grow under your feet, feed up
tliose that need it; reduce the rat-
_ ions when necessary; alter the quality
if required, and allow the pullets to
remain in one pen; mate up and al-
low the cockerel-to remain in the pen
do not be always changing males,
remember the grit, both 'shell and
flint, 'and this untirjing, well-directed
energy will not go long unrewnrded
by a full egg basket.-By W. Hooley
in the Poultry World, ,
THE USE OF OILY FOODS.
- (Selected)
A certain quantity of oil or fatty
matter in the food of young stock is
supremely necessary. Foals, lambs,
and piglings are allowed all necessary
fat Which' is contained in the milk
of their dames, but the calf ls nearly
always robbed of its due share, ow.-
ing to the sale of its mother's milk.
To supply the loss of the abstracted
fats many substitutes are tiled, but
the nearest approached to milk fat
is cod liver oil or linsecd oil. With
adult stock the oil contained in thc
cake and corn is sufficient for pract-
ical purposcs, but it falls far short
of the requirements of calves during
the first four or five months of their
existence. Whole linseed contains a-
bout 36 per cent. of fat. It should
he well boiled. A good method is to
soah it in cold water for a full dny
and then boil it thoroughly, when in
the form of thin grucl it can be ad-
ded to thc separated milk. If the
linsecd is ground in it will not need
to bc boiled for so long a time as
the nnground. Care must bc taken,
however, that the samples are pure
and frce from the seeds of weeds, and
in the case of ground meal, that no
dustfor fine shnd is added . As the
linseed is costly, it offers an induce-
ment to the adulterator to practise
his hand.
The following is a sum-
mcry of the type ol
pig recommended in the leaflet is-
sued by thc Irish Department of
Agriculture: -(1) Neat head. (Z)
Light neck and shoulder. (3) Dccp
lhcnrt and wcll sprung ribs. (4) Thick
loins. (5) Stout thighs. (6) Short
legs. (7) Long and silley hair (8) A
long side of moderate depth with
thick flank. The pig that commands
the highest price is an animal which
when well finished and not overfat
weighs 170 pounds dead, or 200
pounds-. living., :A goodrpig' should
reach this weight at 'the age of ' six
to seven months. Great care should
be exercised ‘in keeping the houses in
which the pigs are kept clean and
comfortable. Cleanliness of the sties
and feeding of pigs is essential if the
animals are to be I-apt in a`. healthy
condition, and thus have power to
resist infection.
CO-OPERATION.
(By T. A. Benson)
Why is Cooperation not more suc-
cessful among Farmers?
(1) Because up to the present time
the majority of farmers have not
learned the necessity of running their
farms strictly on business principles,
as other business men do. Nearly ev-
ery body clse is working in coopera-
tion with others of like occupation.
It is quite as necessary for the farm-
er to do so.
(il) Because usually the farmer does
not keep any other book than thc
bank-book furnished him by the bunk.
Business men as a class do not
run their business in this way. They
have lcnrncd the necessity of keeping
hooks and in thcse books they keep
accounts of every branch of their
business so that they are able to de-
termine their proflts or losses in each
department. ~
(3) Sometimes unfortunately ical-
ousy on the part of individual mem-
bers of on Association caused by sus-
picion wrccks n Co-operative So-
ciety. It should hc remcmbcrcd thnt
all are in business for mutual
benefits.
Farmers being naturally more self
supporting than other classes, they
feel themselves independent and arc
accustomed to manage their own af-
fairs without paying any direct sal-
nrics or commissions to any one, and
what are looked up0n ns larg° DI‘0lil2H
by the farmer arc considered as small
by tho ordinary business man.
Thcrcfnrc often when farmers get
into business co-operatively they ex-
pect a manager to work for too lit-
tle and therefore do not Eat 5005'
work. They lose sight of thefact
that well conducted co-oll€FBll"°
methods would more thun gustify PHY-
ing a fair salary or commission.
WHY FARMERS SHOULD C0-
. OPERATE
Farmers should know the actual
course their eggs and l>0Ulf\'Y 153°
in reaching the consumer, the condi-
tion that the produce is fn when it
reaches the consumer, and the price
paul per poundior per dozen by the
consumer. This knowled¥° W0“ld "°`
veal to them that a great army of
mlddlemen are making as much, if
not more, out of the artlclc than tilt
producer. The farmer ought to con-
trol the market and not the market
'tm farmer.
Look up the history of the great
trade corporations at one time mak-
ing a scant living by reason of keen
oompotltlonf These men combined,
is not their .wealth due to their con-
wlll P¥’¢‘i
nk _t abircnubulyunelllb-
 cuisine been it my
qfg§°F__“ll'Ff“l ,
t oi -~ tram. ,_ _doubt mann ink
ree  this is Ali-ied too fer, but I
'd ite the feedland care the de-
i .
the principle hm! applied is goaod
and should be" 'ed to our agricul-
ture. The farmer should be in a po-
sition to tell thei commission man or
the 1-obber what his commission shall
he and what he shall charge the con-
sumer. We want co-olleration be-
tween producer and consumer. There
are several ways in which cc-opera-
tion can take lplaee in the poultry
Ibusinese. . . _»
1. The co-operative marketing of
eggs by the formation of egg circles
&c. ' 2
2. The establi|xhn'\ent_ of central
hatching stations 'where mammoth in-
cubators could do the hatching for a.
neighborhood. -
3. The establishment of central
fattening. killing and; packing houses,
&c.
Cooperation has been, and ls, the
very life of the poultry industry in
Denmark. 1
Our creameries are an excellent ex-
ample of what co-Olleratilon can do.
It is not the intention to condemn all
middle men, because distributing cen-
tres are essential, and it must be nd-
mittcd that in the hands of the large
egg dealers several of which we have
on our Island, eggs receive proper
treatment and we hope to sec thcm
all help in this work.
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\ 7
MILKING- BY MACHINERY
IN AUSTRALIA.
e‘¢
The dairying industry in Australia
is among thc most prosperous, and
with the extension ofoperations thc
latest labor-saving machinery is bc-
ing adopted. For milking the mach-
ines in use are the latest. At one
dairy where about 100 cows are in
milk, there arc seven machines in-
stalled, providing for the milking of
48 cows at the ohe time. The mach-
incs are working effectively, und ap-
pear to find favor in thc eyes of thc
practical mon. They' combine cffici-
ency with simplicity, and present no
difllculty in handling. The design of
the tent cups permits frcc circulation
of air, consequently complete circu-
lation of blood around the teats. The
rclcaser conveys the milk from. the
cow to the separator quickly and
cleanly, owing to the automatic nd-
justment of' its inflow and outflow.
The approximate cost of' installing a
plant 0( this kind iB $1,750, aflil ‘it
is capable of milking a hundred cows
in about two hours.
AVERAGE YIELD. `
A common qucstlon round the fac-
tory rcceiving platform is -“how arc
the cows doing?" _W_b$§\a volume of
thought that suggestedi' If they are
doing well it is because of good feed
and careful attention; or may it he
esp . Y
serve, but do not get? Leaving a
side the question of weather, breed,
heredity and perslstency of flow of
milk, ls it Possible to account for
the remarkable didcrences in yield
that are to be found? For instance,
the dairy division at Ottawa found
in one locality 100 cows that gave
3.000 lbs. of fat last month, but 100
cows close by in the same county
gave only 2,500 lbs. of fat. Another
lot of cows 100 in the near country
gave only 2,200 lbs.
Is the ordinary factory patron's
herd keyed up to the pitch of credit
able performance, or is it just jog-
ging along in the old rut of ‘favor-
age yields?’2 Suppose the patron
ascertains his herd is doing "about
as well" as his neighbor’s, does it
not geem a, great Pity that llii BID'
bition should end there ?
Average cows can go vastly better
if their owners train them and train
themselves for better 1‘¢SUlf-S- If €HCl\
lot of 100 cows in thc Dominion gave
an additional 500 pounds of fat per
month, would that not make a start-
ling difference in thc amount of thc
pi1tron‘s cheques? Cow testing has
hclpedmany communities to far lar-
ger banking business, bccauso it
shows that scores of cows, and aver-
age herds, can be mndc to produce
far more than they do at present
Mako each cow pay n good profit. l
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CARE OF THE HORSE.
The efficiency of a. horse depends
much upon the feed and management
given him. More than kindness and
liberal feeding are needed to get the
largest amount of work at the least
cost for feed. The teamster must un-
derstand, or at lcast know, some-
thing of the physiological laws gov-I
ernling the development of muscular
energy and something about the na-
ture of feeds suited to yield such en-
ergy.
A horse is a mechanism for the
production of power somewhat siml-~
lsr to an engine, but we call the fuel
he uses food. There ls, however, this
important difference. An engine may
stood idle for any length of time and
at once have its steam pressure rais-
ed to the limit without iniury. Not
so with a horse. He must be brought
to his limit of exertion very gradual-
ly, through weeks of "hardenlng."
A horse that has stood idle for
months. weeks, or even days, is not
as able for great exertion as the
horse that has been at regular work
every day.
Failure to observe this injures more
horses than hard work later in the
season. The same principle governs
for the bricfer periods of hours. A
horse should not be put suddenly to
'first hour of the da t durln all
the others. y  g
A lesson is to be learned on this
point from theyctice of the race
horse. When a_ hérse is to be put to
the severwrain of the afternoon
“W9 11° iS _- at very slow work in
the morrfrig and his speed very gra-
dually  ncreased until *ho ls tho-
l`0“8hl! warmed UD- He is then kept
Warm and in motion until time for
the race.
”“ Farm and road horses are seriously
iniuredby being suddenly warmed by
, continuous heavy exertion, when first
hitched for the day, and then allowed
#to stand until cool and again put at
,heavy exertion.
1
THE HORSES COAT.
(Farm and Home.)
The gloss on n horses cont has
56011 Well 00mDared to the bloom on
fruit. It is a faithful index to the
animal's state of health, and its ab-
sence enables us to tell at a glance
'that something is wi-ong_ just as
,with man a pale face is iudic'tiva ol
internal mischief. Grooms and wag-
goners are apt to look upon this
Kluss merely as a matter of appear-
ance, and to supply its wants 'by art-
ificial means, such as hot-and stuffy
stables, supcrabundant clothing, and
dosing with irrltative mineral pois-
0l\S. etc. These men would do well
to remember that nature _invariably
works in thc beet way possible; that
they may in some instances assist
|161". but can ncvcr improve upon hor,
Regular feeding, watering, exercise,
,Kl'00millH. an airy, wcll-ventilated
stable, wurm clothing (for the most
delicate kinds of horses) in cold
weather ure tho best preservatives of
11 healthy skin, nnn, in fact, of honitn
genernll
‘bc dry, and never hot. A free current
0! air Sh0lI1d be allowed to pass li
through the top nf cvcry stable. lf
the horsc seems to fcel cold, an ex- c
ff” Fill? and Hood fccdini: will mend
matters, but on no account Should
thc vcntilntora bc blocked, It is bct-, y
‘ter that thc cont, should he a llttlc
rough than that this should be done,
50 ll0E~ 1". is hot enough for any
stable. Some advocate 70 deg.,
whatever the external temperature
mhy be. The consequence ol onen-
treatment is, that whenever the
stable door is opened and the natural
temperature admitted, up goes the
horses coat, and he gets chilled from
the fresh current of air being so
much colder. In the case of farm
stables the animals frequently stand
in flltb, which is a frequent cause of
grease and other similar affections
not to mention several diseases of
the foot. It is' not necessary for
every horseowner to possess the
knowledge of n vet., but if he will
treat his horse pretty much after the
same fashion as he treats himself,
supposing him to be a man of mod-
erate llabits, he cunnot err very far
from the mark.
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let the water run oil into-the girly
ditch. You may have several' ict-
slwllv. and, again, there may beonly,
one or two. About that wrdo not
know; but it is a perfectly sale 5p`ro-
Position to go over it after every
rain, so that it is smooth `when'c'o1d
weather sets fn. Wagons passing over,
it will roughen it up somewhat,.bnt
if so go over it again. If you will
let the road freeze up smooth it will
he smooth all winter, except when lt
is filled with snow.
"lf you want to have a smooth
road all t-he way to town, then per-
BUMB yvur heighboss toward town to
do the same thing. Point out to them
that it is to their interest to do so
whether they get paid for it or not.
You must do either one of two
things-make the road smoth or have
it freeze up rough. If you allow it to
freeze up rough you must go bump-
ing over it, or, worse still, have your
wife go bumping over it until ou
.1
e
e.. »
Y. is
The temperntnro of a stable shoum edccts of frost on dirt roads can be
prepare a rond for the winter is thus ,
agricultural pulilicatiom-
ge
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ON GOOD ROADS.
(Selected)
F'm'mcrs generally are coming to
realize that good roads are to their
benefit in as great a degree as to the
automobilist, While the automobile
owner can select his own route, not
caring if his journey in lengthened in
order that smooth going may be en-
joyed; thc man who uses a team of
horses is compelled to tnlic the short-
ost route, no matter how poor the
roads may bc. To the horse user,
thcrcforc, the highway problem is of
great importance. -
By the use of the split log
drag on dirt roads wonderful
results huvo been achicvcd. It
GOOD ROADS _§,
wear down the bumps by the actlon
of the wagon tires. Which is easier-
to prevent bumps by the use of the
rad drag, or wear them down with
the wagon tire? You must do one or
the other, and it seems to us it is
better to smooth the road down with
the road drag.
» "Now, if we could persuade our
readers in those sections where we
have dirt, roads to do this simple
fhlnfl. and if wc could persuade them,
in turn, to persuade their neighbors
to do this simple thing, thu road
problem would bc solved from Nir
vember to February. In February
there is usually a thaw which affects
sn inch or two of the road, especial-
ly on the smith hillside. When this
timw comes, just go over the road
again, and it will then be smooth
until the frost goes out of the
ground in the spring.
“If you will lmcp on doing this,
asscrtcd that cven the bad
hc split log. The wonk necessary to ,
xplained in a well known western
"Take your road drag and go over ,
t
averted by the proper employment off B
k
tbat thc wntcr will run oil there will
yi-nr after your, you will find that
hc frost which is to go out in the
prlng will bc vcry much less than it
s now. The frost under the roadbed
s simply canned water, and if you
eep the road so smooth and hard
in less wntcr canned. Why can UD
our road cvcry time it begins to dry
wntcr that must bcnve up theroad
off after a rain, between now audi
B
ovcr it and thc sun sbinc on it and
wintcr. and thus fill up the ruts,°
mooth it down, ict the wind blow,1
as it comes out as frost? Why not
ct it run oil, instead of having it un-
dcr your roadbcd?"
A LABOR LldAllldIt ON
UNIVERSAL TRAINING
(Republisbed from “Canadian De-
fcnce.")
The following lcttcr was uddrcsscil
by MP. H. M. iiyudmuu to thc mem-
bers of thc liriiisu Socialist i'nrty,
and appeared in thc L-ecus and Dis-
trict wcckly Citizen on May Oth
iust:-
only international party in the world
,which persistently strives to bring it
democratic way of doing this is by
zen Army of the "armed nation,"
cvcry citizen being n soldier and every
soldier a citizen, the officers beingi
elected by vote.
The resolution on this point passed
at the International Socialist Gon-
gress of Stuttgart ran thus:--
“The Congress considers that the.
democratic organisation of national!
defence, by replacing the standing
army by the armed people, will prove
an effective means for making aggres-'
sive wars impossible, and for over-
coming nntional antagonisms." Emile
Vandervcldc. who reported for Com-|
mission, said: “Yet we must recog-
nise thcre is n right of legitimate dc-
fencc against illegitimate utta.ck;"
and, referring fuvourribly to the Swiss'
system, he rcmurkcd thnt it had the
objection of being olliccrcd by the
bourgeois, "whereas," hc went on,
- we ¢-.-_-_-_-, _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_____._._._.___.___________.______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_Dear Comrudcs.-The International
Socialist Party is, of course, strongly
iiolillosed, as I am myself, to militar-
.ism and armaments, and calls for
their. complete abolition. It is in
favor of universal peace, and is the
we must ilcuiuud thc election of such'
olliccrs." \
'l`hc International Socialist Con-
gress oi Copenhagen, in its long un\i`
elziborutc resolution upon Militnrlsm,
War, and Arlnumcnts, put itself on
record as followsz-
"This Congress rc-uillriizs thc rcso-
lutiuns of former lntcrnntionnl Laon-
.gresscs, and particularly that of thc
rltuttgart Congress", nod lu;-ther A-1-Q.
quires from its representatives:-(d)
‘ pression.
‘tional citizen army with elected offl-
rac - mine nxmy w 1 nom na ci
officers. About this there cannot
possibly bc any dispute. f
We British Socialists are living in
an islaml, forming oursalvcs, whether
we like it or not, n part or this nn-`
tion, which contains rl small mercen-
ary, militnrist army, dangerous inf
peace and ineffective in war, that is
quite incnlmblc of making head
against such huge forces as are at the
disposal of Germany, or Russn, or
France.
Moreover, the people here cannot be
adequately defended hy 3, National
Citizen Army nlonc, oven if we had one
Wc ure dependent for six-scvcnths of
our necessary food and for the bulk
cf our rnw matcriul upon supl>lics
from countries scpnrntcd from these
shores by long stretches of uccnn.
»
.-_-.-.-,-,-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-:,-_-_-,-_ _______________~___._-,-_-_A_______.___~_~_.___._.___._._-_-_-_-_-_-,-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_»: _-,-,-,-.- -»-- .-.~.~.-_-_-.-_-:rf--r
Ilrituin “for making aggressive Wars
inipossible" than is thc National Cit-
izen Army for any (lontlnental na-
tionality; if our i|\d€l>€I1d€l1C6 ll! C0 U0
maintuincd, tbc duuger of our being
bclemgucrcd and famine-stricken is to
,bc guarded nguiust nnd~-a serious
point for Socialists-foreign political
rclugccs ure not to bc surrendered at
discretion to foreign dcspots.
Those- \vho argue that, so lim! HB
capitalism endures, the inhabitants of
The guarantee of the _independence oi' the Ulllllfll Kln|Zd0m "MY l“Bl» BB Well
all nations and their protection from live \\l\‘l0l` l-he C10* ‘ll R}‘E'll‘f 
military "attacks and violent sup- C ti d Pa B Emvem) _
\ ( on nue on ll
These resolutions, thus passed and ` 
reaffirmed, are being acted upon, aff ` on-1-|_| rs'r1-rn dulonll
this moment, by Continental Social-|
lists. In France and in Germany, in
particular, our comrades are vehe-
nnoni. But the International social-l "WNY OPPOSIHS militafisvlu H0* bv T"=."° xsvsr01|EDEHORlEl
lgt pal-ty has fo,-many dem,”-ed thatlpure and simple pacifism, hut, in nc-, ` go,el:l¢}1='\‘;;»:|:|:\gnr‘;\°In:,§er:i°C;lof:
every nationality nas the right to as-|¢0ffl8~“f° with the injunctions of the e msnnuer-»|_a.»-carnal,
fend itself a ainst force f ms llnternatwnfil Sodallst COUZWBS lY ml n°"°" '°'T°'°'“'°'°“"
8 o ar ;and _ _ I " I
has stated that the best and mos; advocating the establishment of ana-  m
Wsllziq,
»/old -me en wugnu ner--one penn
 |,¢,f.._when den,ernsd. Cows give
) ‘ more inns--and ann me esngorln
of -*,, shlppinir by rail or boat il
1 -' ' lllminstod.
°-»
_ A . . . *C .
thc establishment of a National Citi- cerztagalfzlst “_ °""Bcrig’t’°"‘st, 'Trl  
(Pure Bred Certificate No. 5|
The greatest bred of all the stal-
lions. A great young sire. Futurityl
bred all over, and the sire of colt
trotterl of size and substance. Will
have a grand lot out at the races
this year. Watch them. They are the
kind you want, Kaldah, sister of
Acquiri is the dam of Baden $.05f,
the largest money winner in 1912
and the premier winner, in regular
rae.ng events, of all time. B1sden'e
winnings for 1912 amounted to $15.-
775 and a Gold Cup valued at $500.00
for $30,000. Service Fee 815.00.
Russian Nobleman _Prince Viammlkl
and he was afterwards sold to the
J. M. NICHOLSON
(lonscqucntly, in very powerful nnvy
is cvcn more indispensable to Grout
IOZ Kent Bt.,
\
7'* ' _ gm
` "vo
to endorse it.
DEAR SIR-I had A mere which final
and the heaven. and I have worked and
the most exec lent art cle for e est
the stab e. lt prevents dryness and har
smooth and health! llovuh an
, directions soon remedy anyt
the hoof. W. A. U.
:Za
B
Z-1
:=-
veitrime exertion even alter a rest of
an hour. More horses are injured the
and heaven for subnet sax months. an bwome so fhln
there was nothin! left apparently but skin and bones and
l was tempted to shoot her A lr end of mine whohnd used
Dr. J. flooqzburfs Horse Llniment. w th good sueoen|i,ln-
duced me otry one bottle of it which I d ci with the beet
r4sults.l used lust one and one half bottles nf the Lim-
mnnt which effeoteda cumpleie cure ol butb tba cough
s n e.
d D . J. W b ‘ H
l»..l,..f3l.‘i“.'.'l»..§i.".".'€’E.‘§l‘.. 1.|.ll......»¢_.‘f».°él.é'I.l.li..?..'.7.‘i '
adv se all horse owners tgéilyégucx egkéigxéyh
uma sm:-I have need pr. J. l'vcouenr»'~’nf.rse
Linimant lora,numbeii ofyeartsk; spd hsyeh found ftto‘be
Ixuled according tn
Horsemon Attention!!
DR. J. WOODBURY’S HORSE LINIMENT & DR. l. WOODBURVS CONDITION POWD:
ERS will save and preserve the life of your horses. Their use will cure and prevents the diseases com
mon fo horses, such as Coughs, Colds, l)i.~'!cmper,Gianders, Spavlns, Pink l£ye,Spiints,Curbs,Enlsrge`
ments, Cracked Hoof, Kidney 'l`ronb|e, Fevers, Cuts, Sores and will remove bunches of all kinds.
Cures:
SPLINTS
CURB9
SPAVINS
ENLARGEMENTS
COUGIIS
COLDS
DISTEM PER
GLANDERS
Before lluins FOUNDERS Aff" Ulirs
Usa this preparation thorough? for all and cvcry disease of the horse for which it is recommended. Crlticise
it closely. Carefully watch, mark an nnto its effects, and honestly judging it on it's merits. you will be compelled
'l'L_S1'IllON|ALS
a very bnd cough
GENTLNMEN:
Horam Liniment"
colds and Inmenos
best results for di
driven her ever in my stable
0 0l’lBB ISI) ln
dna e. promotes a
e cortractions of
LL. M.U March nth. itll.
FOR SALE DY ALI. DEALERS
Manufacturers: FRASIER THORNTON O. CO. LIMITED. Oeokehi're,Q\te. if
MHBBRS FRABIER THORNTON il U0., (iooklhlrf, Que.
bent on the market, and would never be without I bottle
(Signed) WALTER BLATER. "Cash Llverl."
FRASIER THORNTON Q D0.. Cooklhlre. Que. “ 
: - O
ongiellig Heil: M":ilelul:eT'lIi:v="f:1?d\d’t.%|`='m :o gi
the best on the market and nm never without your Lin -
ment and Condition Powders in my stable. V
(sums) o. ic. oaoisxsrrg. lnemmsgih
. .
Hillsboro. N. 8.
-I have used your “l)r.J. W tlfgl
for the out seven ycsrwfer I.
s of all kindaand flndit slvgt _ ry
ntemper. I certainly cnruil er t the
awkehlw, ,