THE GUARDIAN. CI-IARLOT'I'ETQWN o JANUARY 2, 1951 PAGE TEN THE ED U CA TIONAL HORIZON PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION y OTHERS SEEKING outpost In china Dy Val Glallud Continued 1 CANADIAN EDI ICATION WEEK ' (March 4th to 10th, 1951) Education Week in Canada is an annual one-week programme voted to the aims. ideals and needs of Canada's schools and their leach- ers and pupils. Education week was first held in 1931 in the United States under the auspices of the American Lea- inn and the National Education As- sociation of U. S. A. Canada's first Education week was held in 191-.15 at the initiative of the Canadian Teacher's Federat- ion, Since that time Canadian Education week and American Education week have been observ- ed concurrently. The purpose of llliducatloii Week. is to focus the thinking of ilic Can- nciian people upon their educatim-- al institutions and the work they are doing. To stage a brief but ex- tensive advertising campaign about the aims, ideas and needs of our Canadlan people. To help the par- cnts and citizens of every cam munlty to know the aqhiei-emnnt objectives and needs the-.:' schools. To increase public il1l('1"?si in supp:-rt of desirable reforms in education. Some suggestions for all Educat- dew ion Week program: 1. special Sunday serivces in the churches. 2. Request local merch- ants to schedule displays of school work in their windows during Edu- cation Week. 3. Arrange to have posters prominently displayed in local business houses. some of these pnslcrs should advertise the aims and the general and daily themes of Education Week. 4. Plan for an open house program. where demon- strations and exhibits at school work may he observed. 5. Discuss the aims of Education Week with pupils and urge them to discuss Education week with their parents. 6. Hm':- (itizelis of the community .'.j)E?lk to the pupils during school hours. Tfnese speakers could sug- cesf to the pupils some of the things the various industries, businesses and professiolu expect the schools to do. The children and yoiiztz people of la country are its most valuabie ar- ct. Education is it matter of cor.- icerri. not only for those who are directly conrlected with our formal educational institutions, but it is also one of viial interest and concern for all Canadian cit-izens ALEXANDER I (EMPEROR OF RUSSIA) i Alexander I 11771-13251 livcd in the time of tho Great Napoleon Bo:;aparte. He came lo the throne in 1801. at 24 years of age. He nu.- oeeded his father. Paul I. No ruler ever worked more earnestly and sin- :-erely for the good . not only of his own country, but of the world at large. For many years Alexander I sought to bring about reforms which would give greater freedom in the Russian serfs, who were then actually the slaves of the land- nwing nobles. He also alien-.pied to institute I. better educational system and a more just governm-ni but, largely because the nobility op- posed him. ainicst nothing was ac- complished. He joined the otlznr nations against Napoleon. but alter his armies had been defeated. 11- agreed to make terms with the great Frenchman. The two l'u'.cr.". met at Tiisit in 1807. and planned to divide the world between tlir.-ni But Alexander soon discovered that Napoleon did nct attempt to keep his part of the bargain. so the czar rejoined the Allies and helped to bring about Napoleon's downfall. Alexanders name stands forth as the founder of the Holy Alliance. .Th.is was an agrer-nicni. signed hv. "Russia. Austria, in and Prussia TEACH POLITENESS Hood lnanners arc the grnilc.-i 4-harms one can pox.-"cs3. Youlv: people should cultivate them as-y siduously. Money cannot buyiiiem.. There is only one way in obialn good manners. and that is b,vicarn- est practice. Alw.-iys use good iiiail-y hers at home and at school, then- you need not be alarmed ivhcnl among Etrangens. for it will bel perfectly natural in be polite and respectful in all. Ilcm(m- her. that politeness is of great value-., yet costs nothing but your own' 181-5. which hound them to act in- ward their subjects and iowarcis other nations in accordance with the teachings of Christ. Alc.xandei- died In 1825. Alexander II (1818-1381) was a nephew of Alexander 1. He came ml the Russian Throne in 1855. and riilod for 26 years. 1n the Balkan countries he is still renie'.mbered its the "Liberator czar”, for it was he who led the Russian armies against Turkey in 1877. and freed some millions of Christians from Turkish rule. The deed that distinguished ihls reign was the freeing of more iihhll 40,000,000 Russian serfs from the slavery in which they were held by landlords. lle also established public and scientific schools. com- menced a new judicial system. simp- lified civil and criminal procedure. and granted local sr.-lf-government to some cf the rural districts and large towns. In 1881 he was klllcri by a bomb thrown by a revolution- ist. who tlmugilt Alexander na- nnl proclaiming . reforms fast enough. The very day on which lie was killed, Alexander 11 had signed a decree which. but for his death. nillzlit have Jeri in the e:stai)li:-'li- mciti. or constitutional government in Russia. IN THE CLASSROOM pl-1111:. tn ar:quil'e and that "To be polite is always to do and say the kilidesi things in the kindest way." THE ("HILDREN ”'lli'cal tliv uhildreii fairly, kmdly, Load them gently on their way. Let them feel the power of sunshine. As they foil from day to day. Make their labour pleasant. Win them by the love of truth. Luro them on by sweet incentive O'cr the slippery paths of youlh. THE RIGHT WAY TO STUDY The right way to study must ha, ieamed like any other mental liable. 1'. must include at least the follow-i mg particulars: 1. Concentration of milicl on the subject in hand: most children) form the habit of c-peniiig the bookl and allowing the eye to wander aimlessly over the page. while the ears are listening to what is going on in the room and the mind 1-; thinking of anything and every- thing but the lesson. Mental concentration seems at first A difficult thing to acquire. but 11. is not. Any bry or girl who hap- nens in read this paragraph can re- duce the time now spent in gettlnu a. given lesson by one-half iii a month's conscientious effort to at- fniri a good mental concentration. 2. Systematic application: Have.- an intelligent plan about your studying. Giro it your best and freshest energies, poslpriniiia play and other diversions until after your serious work is done. g 3. Trloroughness: Understand ful-- ly the first steps that you may not stumble over what comes after. 4. Calnuiess and mental poi Nervousness is at the root of a .-as amount of poor scholarship. Do the best you can by honest conscienti- ous effort and do nct worry over the result. 5. Economy of intellectual force: Much energy is needlessly wasted. After the brain is really tired it is a waste to push it further. Drop the subject and take a run in the fresh air. so to bed and get a good nights sleep. The chances are that the solution of your difficulty will come without effort in the morning. Make use of time. let not. ad- Vamlille slip. Shakespeare. Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Johnson. It is necessary in try to surpass one's: self always: this nrcu-palloii ought to last as long as life. Plan your work then work you,- j..i1.l8l.l...... . .. . . EYESTRAIN The most. lmpurlalil i-rulsr of (WP- siraln is fatigue of the eye iiiusr,-i fee which occurs when we continue no use the eyes in poor light. ffhere is -1 popular superstition that artificial light is bad for the eyes. This is not true if the light is ndequate and properly disiribuicd. Our-eyes have evolved to work but in light conditions comparable to diffuse sunlight. Aritficial light is usually much less intense. ul- afiough light engineers are con- atantly striving to produce artificnl light cornpuoble to diffuse aun- light. To prevent. eyestrain eufficzent lion-glare light should be made availlble io supply 25 to 30 foot eandlea or more for reading and. other tasks requiring accurate -vision. Often the light in homes. ieffeola. office: and workshops is as low u to 2 to 5 foot candles cn dull days and at night. Eyeatrain is a direct result of the poor light. Old buildingnshould have new light inataliationa designed by lixhting engineers. New buildings liould have adequate windows to an in as much non-glare daylight ,9! possible. To supplement the daylight. adequate artificial light situated so as to prevent glare in the eyes. The best and cheapest tvpc of artificial lighting is Silppilr ed by properly screened fluoresc- ent bul-be. Errors of re-fractions are the nexi. most common cause of cycsirain. They are hypercpia or long sight. Myopia or short sight and astigma- tism which causes blurring owing in irregular curvature of the eyes. Properyeye-glasses will remove the Dyesiraln. In persons over 45 years of age the commonest cause of eyesirsm is pi'esbynoia......'rhls results from normal changes in the lens of the eye which cause the near point of vision to recede. Reading gleuea will cure iheieyeairain. Other causes of eyestraln are im- -balance in the action of the musc- les that move the eyes and improp- CT NMUOD Of the internal muscles which focus the lens. Treatment by an eye specialist can often cure this type of 3,5. strain. Dark glasses reduce eyeairaln caused by excessive sunlight glare -which may occur while driving, heating or on the beach. Their use" is not justified under ordinary con- ould be aupplied. Light fixtures ', id be vfvberly screened and t Pitt-1 1. Nova Scout and New Iaioehi colony at I I Wt. ' 1.. la in: nilnmer. . V, O. Civillhd MATCH dltioiia of light. Health and Wei- fare. ' i Colony. The next largest island is 10-the St. Lawrence. Amherst-. 9. Known as the land of Evangeline. Ohio Valley-. 10. Leader of the British at the capture of Louis- ibourp. Brcibcuf-. Sauli. . Champlain-. 12. Site of the pre- sent city of Quebec. Cartier-. 13. important fur trade route. Daulac - 14. Discoverer of the Great Lakes. Talon - 15. First visited by Car- tier. )1. Hero of the Long HISTORY 1. The Great lntendant was 2. The first European to sail upon the Great Lakes was-. 3. The first census ever taken in Canada was ozdcred by-. 4. The hero of the Long Sault was-. who led an ex- pedition r-p the - against the -. 5. when Nova Scotia was Trench territory it was called -. G. In 166.! me King of France sci tip a gov- :-rnnicnt in Canada consisting of -. -. and -. 7. Canada became Eriiish as a result of the defeat of the -- under Gen. -- at the battle of - in the year -. ll. - quarrel- ied with - over the sale of liquor lo the Indians and as a result he was recalled to - in 1682. 9. The real iouiiclcr of Canada was -. 10. The war that decided whether Canada should be British or .French is know as -'. 1l.Thc fight- ing Gnvcirnov who saved Canada froni illic Iroquois was -. 12. The man who suggested the Act of Union was -. 13 The first province in Canada. to obtain re-prcsentative gm-gmincm was --. 15. The "Na- tional 11oliL'.v" which meant. a lar- iff on Canadian imports to pro- Thc Bel-niildas lie southeast of New York and about 568 miles off Cape Hatteras. There are more than 300 islands in the group. Most of inem are merely large coral reefs. and only 13 are i'n'ha.bited. They were discovered .1 few years after Columvbus' last trip to America. by Juan Bermudez. a Spanish merchant. who was ship- wrecked on one of hhem. in 1609 Su- George Somers. an English- man. was shipwrecked there. He stayed to establish a colony and claim the islands for England. The Bermudas have belonged to Enz- iand from that time. They are the oldest sclf-governing British colo- ny and are an important naval base. There are not many animals that are native to the Bermudas. The only reptiles found there are a small lizard and the green turtle. Thole a-re F. few insects. and only icn dififercnt kinds of birds. The local industries include whaling. cedar products, ipalmctlo piait work and IISI1ll'lK. Great Bermuda. Island is by far the largest of the group. lls chief ciiy,1lamilion,islhe capital of the st. George. which has an excellent harbour. Many of the people earn their living through the number of tourists who visit the Bermudas, aliraclcri by iihc ideal climate and i. if hi-n straight lines out one anoiher the - --,-- are equal. 2. isoscelcs trapezoid is -. 3. The median of a triangle is -. 4. Five properties of a parallelogram ex- clusive of the definition are -. 5. Two propel-ties common to a square and a nhombus are -. 6. Two parallel lines are everywhere -. 7. If a polygon has four diagon- als. it has -- sides. 8. The distance from a point to a line is -. 9. Four sets of conditions which make two triangles congruent are -. 10 The sum of the interior angles of 11 polygon is -. 11. it a transversal cuts two lines so that the CO'lTL'5' uponding angles are equal. the lines are -. 12. An angle of 860 degrees is called a -. 13. The three alti- A cnnlposor of music whom other composers gladly acknow- ledge as master is this the last of the "three B's" Bach. Beethoven. and Brahms. His father was double bass player in Hamburg, Germany, where Johannes was born. From the age of ten hdatudled piano and composition with the excellent icachcr Edward Marxsen, who prophesied that Brahms would some day be more famous ,ilhan Mendelssohn. 1 At the age of 20. Brahms went on a concert tour as accompanist of the Hungarian violinist Edward Rcmenyyi. On this tour he met Joseph Joachim. the eminent vio- linist, who was so impressed by his playing that he gave the young usician letters of int:-odtiction to Franz Liszt and Robert Alexander Schumann. After holding posts in ifannburg. Zurich, Switzerland. Ind Vienna. Austria. Brahms settled perman- ently in Vienna in 1872. and de- voted himself chiefly to composit- ion. Here he finished his first symphony. it met with aucoeu and Brahma was hailed by the entire musical world as a composer of All the rivers of Arizona flow directly or-indirectly into the Colo- rado, second longart river in the United states. The atale of Arizona is part of a great plateau whielr slopes westward, in the north- western corner of Al:-iaona lie: the Grand Canyon National Park. The Grand Canyonla nearly 300 rnilea long. It is fl'0l'fl.4 in 13 miles wide Loullbourg-. 5. Defeated Mont- : , . . . Louisiana-. 0. 'P'l'Gl'i09I Com- manner. , Acadia-. 7. Scene of first fight- in in Devon You-a' war. y ebec- 8. auardoa the entrance ' , and in some place: it-if one mile deep. Here as in the Painted Da- nerf. there is much colour. The oliflo and thin pinnaciea of melt look no mouth they were painted blue. red. pink and ' our-pier Jnalm lived on an an all the canyon long the i- axd: new the i'Ol198.r . y iknown. Lalemont-. 10. Most famous Je.-mu-it missionary. Stadacona--. 17. Explored by Ciina-mplaln on his first trip to Can- I E. v ' I-iochelaga - 18. Discovered the -51. Lawrence River. Richelieu-. 19. Iielped Breibeuf build the Huron Mission at st. Joseph. Ottawa-. 20. Established many industries in Canada. Let us have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let -us, to the end, dare lo do our duty as we understand ii. Lincoln. REVIEW mote Canadian industry was intro- -duced by -. 16. The Educational System in Canada is unddr the control of the -- government. 17. Tivo outstanding results of the Red River Rebellion were - and -. 18. Two results of the Saskaldic- wan Rebellion were - and -. 19. - was the first Liberal Prime Minister of Canada -. 20. In 1927 Canada celebrated its -. 21. The three outaandlng achievements of sir John A. MacDonald were -. -. and -. 22. The present Gover- nor General of Canada is -. 23. The Treaty which closed the Seven Year's War was -. 24. -.- Act lbrougiht about Confederation in-. 25. The "Four Freedoms” are - -, -, and-. 26. The Atlantic Charter was signed by - repre- senting - and by - representing 27. Senators are appointed by like - on the advice of the Govern- ment in power. 28. The Lieutenant Governor in a province represents the -. 20. The first Prime Minister of England was -. 30. George I came to the throne in -. BERMUDAS the beautiful scenery. Other na- tives engage in Agriculture. The winter grown vegetables and :i'ruiis of the islands are shipped to many parts of the world. Bermuda potatoes and onions are well Bermuda. lilies. whose bulbs are expo:-ted in quantity to the U. S. are also well known. As the Bermudas are coral is- lands, there is no fresh water other than rain. The rain water is pure since the atmosphere is unusually clean. Every dwelling house and hotel is obliged to have its own storage tank to catch the rain as it runs off the roof. The tank is made of native limestone. sunk in- to the ground by the side of the house to which it is connected by a pipe from the roof. For cleanli- mess it is compulsory to w-hite-wash the roof of the house at least twice a year. The government provides goldfish for all water tanks so that they shall not serve as breeding places for mosquitoes. The fish keep the water clean of mosquito larvae. The tanks are generally be- tween 8 and 10 feet deep wiih small openings in the top covered by a lid. The houses and other buildings are also built of limestone. This limestone is of great value to Ber- muda. Few factories are allowed on the islands. Until 1939, there were no automobiles, street-cars, or motorcycles. GEOMETRY (COMPLETION TEST) index of any triangle ymeet at a . . 14. In congruent tri- angles corresponding angles are oppcslteequal aides and correspond- ing sides are-. 15-The three state- ments of a ayllogiern are called -. -. and -. 10. 'I1he sum of ilhe ainglesof a triangle is -. 17. An angle which equals its comple- ment is an angle of - degrees. 18. if an angle equals twice iia su,plemen1, the angle equals -- de- grees. 10. A series of atatemenfa leading to a conclusion is called the -- of a theorem. 20. A theorem -is not fully proved until we show that it is -. Master one thing. and you'll find it helps you to master other things in their turn. JOHANNES BRAIIMS genius. He later wrote three niiher symphonies. Among his better- 'known compositions are his "Tra- gic Overture". his ”German Re- quiem," two conccrtos for piano and one for violin. tries, and other music. Brahms's music. distinctive though it 15. harks back to the school of Bach and Beethoven. He admired Richard Wagner. yet refused to be influenced by hisi modernism. Knowing the special province of every instrument in the orchestra, he devoted himself with scholar- ly care to building a perfect struc- lure of pure music. music for its own sake. "ln Bach we hear the organ, in Beeihoven the orchestra. but in Brahma we hear boiih." Braiiiiits ifirat symphony is sometimes cali- ed. playfully. but in high admir- ation. the "Tenth" -- meaning that Brahms began where Beethoven wtli.-h his ninth S, ”ony had left- o f ' He lived modestly. leading a quiet. tranquil life, and even refus- ed to leave his beloved Vienna to receive an honorary degree con- darted upon him in England. DJ. THE onnar CANYON Coronado. while searching for the Seven cities of Cibola. heard about the .gi-eat rivet Colorado from the Indiana. Silica the canyon in so deep, then la a great variety of climates; than are alao many different kinds of animal: and plants. There are many flowers, more than so kind: of munmala. and 181 kinds of bird! in. lie park. At the level of on river cacti grow. wall. at an Nortii Rim fir and blue cpl-uoa itreeb-thrive. The canyon arm'Ide'La national pg gnmoga. latte:-;h now may a a. -rand an nliodgeou the North film during the surn- Agalnst onehwill awed a bad fake 0 la. .. : n which stood a tray of drlnka-gin. soda, Iimejuice. whisky. Beneath it was a pile of much thumbed pap- er-backed novels. one whole corn- er; was taken up by a tiled Russian stove. The lighting was provided by oil lamps with garish Japanese shades-relics of a leave. spent shootingin Formosa. On the walls hung two good etchings of Balls- bury, half a dozen Chinese scrolls. and a couple of rusty foils. The desk was almost o-ppressivv.-ly tidy. Its drawers were almost osten- tatiousiy carefully locked. Leslie Dale had no Illusions as to the curiosity of Chinese house boys. A rack holding' a collection of battered pipes. and a regrettably grubby collection of cushions in the canvas chairs were almost the only evidence of any attempt at comfort. Dale drew heavily at his pipe and dropped into a chair. not it cer- tainly wasl Even indoors the air seemed used-up. dusty. No dcubt it was just the all-leasneae -which was making him wonder how on earth he had endured all that time in Just that room. But as his limbs relaxed agreeably. his nerves fol- iowecllauit. The room had nothing to do with it. Until the last fort- night he had never had enough spare time to ask himself whether he was living comfortably or not. He had lived twenty four hcura a day making Tan Fu into e trading station. The job had been enough. Now it was done. At least the foundations had been well and tru- ly laid. WITH KIPLING MILLINEIIY Leslie Dale. who after all. was not uncomfortably intellige-nt,found himself for the first time for years indulging in the most insidious of vices-that of self-questioning. Was he going to stay on in Tan-Fu? would the running of the station give him enough to do? Wasn't it almost time that he got himself out of a rut. however much the rut. might suit him personally? I i i of the french windows. An old Teiai. hai. relic of the Kiipling period in lndla where she had spent most of her girlhood. was balanced pro- carlcualy on the back of her head. I-fer coat and skirt of stained and shabby drill were deplorably ill cut. Her face was weathered. like the i crinkled info innumerable fine wrinkles when she smiled. Her hands were large and capable. She was one of the few women. ?'- selves ohildless. who are immediately and invariably adored by children on sight. of such, as a rule. is the Kingdom of Heaven. f'Asleep, Leslie? May I come in?" Janet James's voice was not her best feature. It was always a lltlc too loud: and ityvas inclined to rasp This may have been due to the fact that her husband preserved of his led. own devices. 1 left him playing thr- Good Samaritan to a. rather unappreclative 5 it-I'-W-'i-'1? i::':.'::.-.r.'.:t-..".:-i:n:..""-i-. I. lose dry Oiiiecl tickle 2. Soothe your my membranes 3. Help Ioeua phlegm Butt; s".'sf-415332! essential Iriahness little more than a voice which could have been rea- sonably compared with slowly melt- ing butter. Leslie Dale was on his feet in an instant. Unlike the heroes of fiction he did not wear an evening ccat every night of his life at the i:;:..'. of beyond. But his manners would have been considered old-fashioned n contemporary Mayfair. That is to say. they were good. without being 11 any way ostentatious. He gave Janet a, chair. and prcceeded to pour out a couple of glasses of lime- uioe and soda. - "I should have thought." he said, "that you'd have been down at the boat." Janet looked at him keenly. and paused a little before she replied. "I wa." she said. "And pretty hot it was I'll bet! Sensible of yen to have left Pat to his own devices, Janet. if you ask me." "I didn't ask you!" Janet twink- "Nor did I leave him to his couple of way-farers." "Go on." ”I'm not sure that I want to. Leslie; not while I'm eating your ialt." "Salt 7'' "Or drinking your soda. if you prefer it," said Janet irritably. "And what." demanded Dale. "on earth do you mean by that?” Janet sat up straight in her chair. "You're not going to like what. 11've come to tell you." she said, "but A shadow fell across the veran-ix thought, ou'd better be warned, so dab. its wamed planks creaked ai-;that you could get over it, and put ter their invariable fashion. and on your party expression again af- Janet James stood in the openinx;terwai-ds." "Well. Janet?" "The boat's brought you visitors. my dear Leslie." Leslie Dale laughed, ''well what of it? Even 1-larwoorl and Greer wake up to realities rune n a blue moon. I've been expect- ing an assistant-or more probably skin of aabarrl-stored apple. But her a police squad and .. subgltern... teeth were very white. Her grey every boat for the last three eyes -were shrewd. and their corners months," "I know that." "Well?" "Well-you've got your assistant. He wears beautiful riding bi-eechrs. it silk polo-shirt, an old-aohcoi tie (Marlborough I think) and brand new gloves doesn't. want. to get dirty." which he obvicvusiy "Get on. Tell me the worst. Janet. Ouriy hair?" "Wavy only-I must be fair." "Age?" ."Quite twenty-three. I expect has got all hissecond teeth." To be continued When Simon De Montforrs the first. he did not forget the les- sons which his wise uncle taught him. He. too. decided to take the people into his confidence and -10 consult them regarding the government and safety of the country. He realized that if he had the people on his side he could then better keep the nobles under control and thus more effectively. -wage war against his foreign ene- mies. In 5295 he called togeiiher what came to be known as the Model Parliament. because it. like Simon De Monitfo.rt's Parliament, included representatives from the ibarons. the clergy. and the com- mon people. Besides the barons. and bishops. there were two citiz- -ens from each city. two burgesses from each borougfii, two khighis -from each county. and also rc- ' prescntaiives of the lower clergy. This Parliament came to be re- garded as a model to be copied when assembling later parlia- ments. Edward is regarded as one of England's greatest monarchs. a ruler who. even in those early days. believed in allowing the peo- ple the right to have their aay in the government that governed them. . staggering Figures About The Universe OTTAWA. Dec. so .. (UP) A new estimate that the universe is so vast that there is an individual milky way of stars for each human being who ever lived wa'a reported to the American Astronomical society. ” to which earth belongs. a cart- wheei of hundreds or millions of "aura. Astronomers call Inch a system a galaxy. and the new cat- imate of creation is in the number of, separate "galaxies. or milky ways. The number reported in today: new appralaali, of the aiae of the universe is 200.000.000.000. The apaoe through which time atar. galaxies are scattered in so immense that Mount Palomar”: (California) new 200-inch telescope would reach only a amaltper cent of the tlhtlaoe aorou. ' - Jloiint Palomar, in California. telescope. iaytha world! greatest is double: the is man pro- ceuld ate. it quadruple: the he can explore. - anv- familiar milky way. mar, or at a hotel or in. cottages on seeing fours. lncludinlt hikes, trips the South him anytime during on the year. Visitors may take .sight- iflighis. THE MODEL PARLIAMENT horses. and even airplane it is a fundamental error 10 .mp- nepvmw became King ,5 Edward pose that farming is neither a busi- ness nor a profession. It is a busi- had lness which requires the highest business ialeni, it is a profession -which requires skill. No other profession requires such a variety of learning. such an insight into Nature. such skill of a ' technical kind in order to be suc- cessful. as the profession of farin- ing. 1-1. W. Wile the beat technical Y SOIL A perfect soil is one which maintains ii reserve supply of in- soluble food material that cannot -be washed aw y; which produces enough soluble crowing crop; which is so can- stltutcd that it can supply sufficj. ent water to the crop; which is capable of maintaining f'I'iB right fem-pcratu-i-e or of ti-mckiy in the spring: and which has a Ipropcr root movement afcrial to feed me warming up structure that permits of I aFVa'i-'ul'iu'VHn'i-i'a'-':'fa'lu' Thla Department Is con. ducted II the Prince Edward lgllnd eacherr Federation. Lonlribullona are welcomed. and aheald be Mldrnaed lo Mllhr Maelldyen 3 (-2 ral- ling 81.. Charlottetown. t boundary. The IIQW estimate of BIIO VIII made by Dr. Harlow Shapley. Di- rector of Harvard college obser- vatory. It in based on In years of photographing the galaxies within a distance of 00,000,000 (seven zeros) light years of earth. That is'the distance light travels in 80.- ooo.ooo yearn. , - Tile Harvard photographic plam. Dr. ahapley said. probably contain 1.0001000 galaxies. Studio: of 260. ouo of then xaiaxiea lead to the The milky way is the star system Flwmlhlnl "Willi! 01 the Jill of caution. Than photographed gal- axies are seen in only about half the Wy. The other half in obscured by that and gas cloud: in our own 0 - REIIEVE limo; mm liar "W...-.'-'" ridiil Half Century Records 001101111106 from page 4, called "03 MW M-na Carla 1 British Imperial unity." ' Canado became one of autonomous: communities- tho Bi-ltidi Empire. Oquu atatua. in no way is go. :0 another in any aspect of may omeatiu or external affairs though united by a common alleg: lance to the Crown and freely associated as member: of the Commonwealth of Na. lions. Sitnifioflntly. Canada celebrat- ed the diamond jubilee of con. federation a year later and thus the stage was net for adoption of ihe Statute of Westminster at the 1930 Imperial Conference when Conservative Prime Minion: R. 3. Bennett represented the Do. minion. It became law on Dec. 11. 1931. Canada's economy was debit a crushing blow by the 1920 finan. clal debacle. Few foresaw the lean years that became the "de- pressed '30'a." Domestic and ex- ternal trade declined. unemploy- ment throw new burden; on the Federal Government which also was forced in aid Province: in danger of defaulting their debts. Ottawa Trade Agreement: The Bennett administration was returned in the 1030 election. At the Imperial Economic Confer- ence at Ottawa two yeau later the much-discussed trade agree- ments marked an effort to ex- pand Empire trade. The "depression stamped as those of bread llnea, unemployment. relief coupons. palliafivea. of the price-eprcada probe. of royal oommiaaiona on transportation. banking and Do- minion-Provlncial relations, of the transient problem. labor un- rest and mounting wheat aur- pluses. They saw the rise of the C.C.F. with its program of atain social- ism, the end of the United Farm- ers of Alberta as I P01m9'1 years" are Social Cred-it Party and emer- gence of Pthet short-lived Recon- struction at Y- Mr. King was back in the saddle in 1935 and Cyanldlln-5 watched with apprehension the growing menace of Hitlerlsm. But the war-clouds failed to dampen Canada's enthusiasm dur- ing 4-he bright interlude that marked the Royli W"? ml, mi early summer of 1939. or w month Canadians played imwmj their Kins add Queen breezy inforinalllilh Behind the C ears waving lay the knowledgreial; history was being made. lh " y M was um fn-st occasion 180” British sovorlgn and his 50'” t had crossed the sea to IP09 subjects in a self-governlnz 5.. mm at the "(rec association of . members of the 3f1”5h C”'"m”"' wealth of Nallona.' Sooonil Wflfld W” The flags had hardly been furlcd when on 5.'-ll-W 10- 1939' Sim Dominion plunged IMO "10 "7 ond World War. Canada decllnd war in her own Irilhl 101' W9 first time in her history- M,,.pmvu- and industries W91"! gegred to war with increasing momentum. The Canadian FIT"- Army became "la duller P0"'"d gt um heart. of Berlin." The home from became an Empire arsenal- ot a population slightly more than 1i.oo0.0o0. Canada put 1-- (B6.'77i men and women into uni- form for service on many battle- fronts. When it was over- the country counted 41.992 killed and 53.145 wounded. Sixteen Cana- dinna won the Victoria Cross. The cost of the war and roll- war demobilization to Canada ha: been placed at 320.255.000uW0- more than 12 times the 31-370.- 000.0001: coat the country for her share in the First World WAT- Canada played a spectacular part in the production of the war'u most deadly weapon -the atom bomb. A prospector”: lucky flight after a 17-year radium search made possible a ready supply nf uranium for Allied scientists. Back in 1930. Gilbert. LaBlne was searching for radium at Great Bear Lake. 900 mile: north of Edmonton. About to quit. he decided to make one more flilht and H38- ment ordered LaBine to reopen the mine fan. Uranium oxide. in by-product. was needed urgently. Under close censorship Canadn'a part in, the invention of the A- bomb was kept a top aocret. The war ' developed Canada's productive capacity. Today she is the world's third tradink nation. Still in the reconatruction period she is struggling with inflation. bllatei-alum. divergent price lov- efs between aterlinl Ind dollar arena and other problems. World trade and prosperity are neces- aary to her welfare. on. Iron Wealth The in! decade haa seen rapid 1 development of natural resour- cea. Discovery of treat oil wealth has changed the wut'a economic picture. Van iron-on deposit: in northwestern Ontario and in isolated Quebec-i..abrador'a tia- g a may 9 t1io'"am1 and in economy of North Amai-in As a middle pomp Canada I1 undertaken new reapoilalbilltiel In ms lhl llgnld the all Nation: charter It Can Fran- clue and timed an active part in the we 'pl '1lIO-United Na- tiona. At the lama tine caaada mniatalimi. in midi a lotion with rather mmben of the oioavmlili. . H i 1 .. ...”'””..?. at .5Vi'it'.'. "ii Jeiegroclli, eimeauon. log I PTOYUINYI in labor co.adlt1ona.!---- I .1 ' A Confederation dream of III Railway Hotels Boost Bola Rates EAVIWORD. Pk. Dec. 30- AP Room raiu in all Canadian in 110001 Ind n'Paeitic am. my Company hotel: acroaa Can. 30! MW;-I000 up as a remit of incraued oparailn cam, inclua. in the Villa lngrouea recently awarded to railway workers. C.N.R. opokuman here said today: The new mea. zeauit of an cement between the two com. panlea, became effective Dec. 2!. The increases are cent; ',, dill I person in room: without bath and 50 cent: a day a pend; TOEWIOILMI with batii. e aslc t in . dlviduai hoi:i.. ea my "eh i" j... Confederation. Th 11 a 1; (1.'9a&ada'a 10th PrciEvin:emMar:ii":?1., In the same year an amend- Blmt to the British North Am. "19! -495 Save the Canadian Par- liament power to amend the con. uitutlon in Federal matte" Wuh- out reference to the Britiah Par. llament. .Fina1 authority in judl. clal matter; was also vealed in Ute Supreme Court a: cum”, The worst disasters in the sec. and half 1 iii h if- 38 it ended. lfillliaonacuiilfury cm" amaze was done by the Fraser River flood in 1948 mm flood "d "” R” suffered heavily this year when "'9 duiwyed 8 larle section at Rlmoulkl. dollar: thia year. Quebec In bold type acrau the 19.3" of Canadian political history of the name: of Wilfrid ' Lyon Mackenzie King. in: century John A. Laui-ier and appear the MacDonald, William ut the last half-century no-. litically. largely belon 1 M King. His death at 75 I151 Jcilly wa 'reeordcd aa,"the and of an CanIda'a destiny-and to mm. extent that of the British Com. monweaith-was force. birth of William Aberliai-1': his aiatesi-nanshlp. 0; xfestminsler bean the mark: 0 5 determined by The Sitltuie thinking. Borrow from Household Finanae on your signature. No endoraera or bankable security needed. We epecialixe in prompt cash loans for any good purpose. 3 out of 4 prefer Household Finance for fast. friendly service. Phone or atop in today! mun-a ulem an omst consume mwm oaumunoa Phone, wife or visit I I I-I ll Orahen lone! Inn 2, FWD! Ildj. Phone 2'!!! GIAIIOTIIIOWII, I.I.I. Noun 0 lo 5 or 51 Ollthtnau feeunedahraddedulaaavbyhwai emu III mt: Ill Ian WATCH & BLOCK IIEPAIIIS ALL WORK GUARANTEED standard Watch Services 113 WEYMOUTH ST. over MacTavish Arm. Through CgARLo-1vr);.;'rowN binoculars he availed Olitcrolr pinzs he had sought for .v0nr!- (work picked up and delivered) He called the spot Port Radium. PHONE 29B6.J - look in mining equipment and "”"””” "'"" 1”” w"'" "” d" T mom! for radium fell off. Two year; later the Govern- OOMPLETE VISUAL R.EFRAL'l'I(lN and AN ALYSIS G. F. HUTCHESON & SON Optometrists 08 Grafton St. 1 -'-------.- Refrigeration sauce and smnvicio '- ' Repair: To an Makes morons I Rewinding and man . nnoraioab - Jilly. fbualiaat III a I ,vmd,,u,a,am tannin-r. L? 0!. . Ia, it-liilaetrlcfg in nu;