l "ELILLQE! . ‘HIE BHAIIMTTETBWI filllllllllll Morning may (founded in llfl) ’_"""' neustmiifuTcTiTl. Fiiufsfulil-TZ“ Vlce-rreslduit: J. l. Burnett, IJJ. Secretary: Hunt. Col. D. A. Mailman. 03.0. Idllor and M ‘fi D’ ‘ . J. I. Illllltl, FJJ. lsooclnte Editors: hank Wllhr and Holt. lul A. Burnett, B.C.N.V.R. (On Active Bsrvlm) “The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink." MONDAY. JUNE ll. llll Maritime Blueprints i- The Financial Port, Toronto, devotes an entire page of its current issue to a well-written analysis of the plans of the Maritime Provinces for their economic future. Basis of the article is the surveys tabled in the three Provincial Leg- islatures, including the inquiries by the Royal Commission in Nova Scotia, headed by Dr. R. M. Dawson, the study and report by the New Brunswick committee headed by Dr. N. A. hlacKenzie and the subsequent enquiry headed by Dr. H. j. Rowley, and in Prince Edward Island the surrey by Dr. J. E. Lattimer. “Although the enquiries have confirmed that ll dealing with certain major problems, national and international policies are vitally important," says the Post article, “in other respects changed policics within the Maritimcs could benefit. sud already some recommendations made have been implclnciltetl by new legislation. An instance of what can and may be done in the future, to exploit more fully’ major natural resources ill the Maritimes is found in the case of the fish- eries. one of the three primary industries 0n which the Maritime economy has largely de- pended — the other two being forest products and agriculture." To a degree solne progress has been made toward processing. fish, but in the Dawson re- port a study by Dr. Stewart Bates of Dalhousie University contends that a drastic program for large-scale conversion of the entire industry is essential. He argues that the governments should help out, “inst as was done in the transition from the mail coach car to the rail- way era of a century ago," and suggests total outlays of $20,000,000. from private as well as government sources, to permit Canada to com- pete successfully with fish products in world markets. Note is made of present explorations for ml, including the drilling of “one of the deep- est oil irells in the world" off the coast of Prince Edward Island. More than four and one-half million acres of provincial oil and gas rates have been taken up in the Maritimes, including some three million acres in Nova Scotia. Reference is made to Prince Edward Island's need for improved transportation facilities, but if there is any criticism to make of the article it is that this matter has not been sufficiently eni- phasized. lt is noted that New Brunswick's four Re- construction Commissioners divided their pro- posals into two groups: an emergency public works program calling for expenditures of $43,- 000,000 (luring the ..tl‘Z1I'|Sll.lOl'l period;. and a long-tcrin rehabilitation plan designed to im- prove New llruuswickk position in Confedera- tion. Recommended to the Federal authorities were such tnatters as a harbor development program, especially in Saint John; airport con- struction: investigation of the feasibility of constructing a canal through the Isthmus of Chignecto. "Nova Scotia’: awareness of post-war out- look." says the article, “has been quickened by the exhaustive diagnosis which its Royal Com- mission on Provincial Development and Re- habilitation undertook. Chairman of the Com- mission is Dr. R. MacGregor Dawson, a mem- bcr of the University of Toronto's Department of Political Economy and a Nova Scotian him- self, This report has been welcomed in sev- eral l|llZll'lCl‘S as a model of what a provincial WITH’ should be." It is published iu l8 sep- arate books with a general report by Dr. Daw- son not only stimmarizing the other reports but indicating future trends, future needs, and to solne coilsidcrablc extent co-relating the Nova Scotia outlook and problems with those of the rest of the country. The Pas! article concludes with a summary of Dr. Lattinicfs maior recommendations for Prince Edward Island. in which emphasis is placed on ivzitcr transportation. rural electrifica- tion, expansion of small fruit, vegetables and canning crops, provision of minimum wage and labor regulation for fanning, development of canning and other industries, encouragement of part-time farming. capitalization of natural ad- vantages for tourist trade, and conservation of “human as well as forest and land resources." No reference is made to the activities of the ]oties Government reconstruction committees about which so much was heard in the Legis- lature last hlarch. But the Purl writer is deal- ing with plans already blueprinted, of which the only one available from this Province ap- pcars to be that of Dr. Lattimer. Bracken Gains In Stature RCVlCV-‘lllg the recent campaign of the Pro- gressive Conservative leader, the Globe and Mail has this to say: \Vhat should earn Mr. Bracken greatest praise in the eyes of the country at large is his notable contribution to the restoration of decent standards of integrity in our political life. He slrovc to be a real architect of national unity by laying down and emphasizing time and again the only principle on which unity can be pre- served, namely, that equal rights must be accom- pauicd by an assumption of equal responsibil- ities alike in peace and war. He did not blow hut and cold on the same question in different sections of the country. He refused to palter with vital issues through fear of offending some section of the voters, and he has been penal- ‘ the prospects of Any gains for his party in Que- ". .- any ____' _ -____ - hec when in his final campaign speech at Lon- don he declared that the present grave disunlty of Canada arose‘ from the‘ constant-preaching for 25 years of the fallse ‘doctrine in Quebec that “if vou vote Liberal, you won't have to take a Notes By The Way All three lrltfi parties want Great gfftlnnlin to do all In ft-s power to hel Thu tvwhat mat ers most to - vje defeat Ja fair share of responsibility in time he probably sealed the fate of his himself explicitly in favor of the French-Canadian voters as the puts for political honesty which stand him in good stead. Furthermore, he wiIl gain in ernment upon its limited success, that his party, without any tinge the responsibilities falling to the position. The statesmanlike tone ance was in happy contrast to Mr. erous broadcast exposition about ed, and to the obviously peevish The election has added valuable r ship should mould it into a formi the Forces’ vote. s s s s “Eek-ends havet not recently could be desired from a holiday- of view. u s s n- everybody. iii! wick and this province. m v u s1 Saturday night. back home. a I l n The Hon. Dr. Cyrus MacMill to his home in Montreal, but, ha in his native Isle. i U C I ately after the election. Iii this either at Montague or Souris. n n- »: s October 18th was the last time was heard over the German radi ory is about to descend upon us." right, and what did Hitler do? and disappeared. l i i I 18x5, Bonaparte, the predecessor in tl war that when you can use the better than cannon. . . on the side of the last reserve." i Quite a host of changes are United Church ministries as the cerned being well known here. going on pension_ are Rev. W. l. G active in Provincial Church and u s 4 a bec when, in the same speech, he pronounced “zombie" forces now in Canada to the Pacific war. On the strength of such pronouncements the Liberals did not hesitate to parade him to massed rally of these voters behind Mr. King keeps Mr. Bracken out of office today. he has kept his self-respect and acquired a re esteem by his admirable post-election ment. In it he accepted in a cheerful spirit the verdict of the country, congratulated the Gov- would be vigilant and co-operative in fulfilling tues of his Ministry had been properly reward- that sadly disappointed man, Mr. Caldwell. Parliamentary membership of the Progressive Conservative Party, and Mr. Bracken's leader- fective Opposition, an essential element for the success of parliamentary democracy, which has been lacking in Canada since 1935 to the detri- ment of the nation's best interests. -EDITORIAL NOTES- Tomorrow we should know the result of General McNaughton now finds himself in the unhappy position of being "on the outs" with the army, with the politicians, and, in fact, with Prime Minister King has decided not to reconstruct his Cabinet until he knows whether he can secure representatives from New Bruns- The first real genuine public welcome to returning heroes, heroines, and brides was given This is as it should he, and should be continued till all have come safcly ed a. summer cottage at Bay Fortune, will re- turn when McGill vacates to enjoy the sinnmcr Regret is felt at the illness c-f Dr. Grant who had to enter Prince County Hospital immedi- genial doctor did not patronize local enterprise predicted “the greatest storm inithe world hist- The Battle of Waterloo was fought this date which ended the dictatorship of Napoleon century of Adolph Hitler: “Tis a principle of . Providence is always Conference at Sackville, many of those con- F. E. Bootllroyd, both of whom have long been Addressing the men and women who fought of war." And tom's All! The consul election no l» Qu- amt-runaways: “lldmg ll" A lot of ltrlllllllll Arctic husk!" who ought to be mush‘ abuu 1n sum and eltllil whale blub- he!’ Mi’ be? u airport h ays s s sr muc ln C rations and Hench mstry, as: Stars and Stripes. Vlct s of the old hurry up-and-wslt, the 181 sled dogs were rushed from the American north country and flown to the front tn Francs to pull sleds hrough the deep snow. By the lms they reached here, of course, the snow had faded sway to s trickle in somebodyk brook. A New Yon; Times correspondent quoted a on tured German general as follows: ‘Our reel secret weapon stored safely abroad. It. 1s in the homeland of our enemies. When they once more start quan- rellfng as between ally and ally, and, better still, when they weaken themselves with internal quarrels each in his own country, then ls the German secrete weapon being polished up for a new try." 'I'hfs should be engraved on the minds of those who are conducting a cam- paign to rouse hostility against the Soviet Unlon. - Toronto Star. ir enemy. The Bu: will always eva- the public state- and promised of bitterness, official Op- of his utter- King’s pond- ho\v the vir- comments of As we have said ln these eolumis before, Nature ls now busy restor- ing the balance in South Alberto after twodry years. With three ecruits to the already ln June, the balance ls on the way to being restored, and though 1t ls much too early to make any crop claims yet, the out- look ls distinctly hopeful. We have already had more rain in May and June than we had ln tli: whole of those t/wo months last year. In the foothills country where springs and creeks dried up last Summer and Fall making stock-watering difficult through the Winter, new springs are break- lng out. on the ranges and sprlngs are running a full head. Some streams in the footlills are on the verge of over-running their banks-Lethbrldge Herald. dable and ef- been all that , _ In a spectacular and unique way makers point Hlrohlto stands where most. of the Germans stood until recently and where most of the Japanese stand now. The doctrine of the superior race and of the superior person at the head of ft ls fantastic to the point of insanity, but 1f it. ls ham- mered lnto people's heads long enough and hard enough, with no argument ever heard to the con- trary, a multitude of simple-mind- ed people wlll believe it. In this respect Hirohltol ls lDrobably us simple-minded as any Japanese peasant. It has been the buslmss of his "advisers" to keep him so. In any circumstances Hlrohltu wlll have to stop playing dlety, but perhaps before we have done with his country he will be more than willing to do so.—New York Times. We had two styles of churns when I wassmnll. One had a wooden crossbar at the end of a. stick and we plumped ft up and down through the lld 1n an earthen jar. JThe lother. lmore lmodern, was known as a barrel enurn, Roy Engel writes in the Chicago Tri- bune. We turned 1t around and around until we could hear the fllp- pity-flop of the butter ball inside. We took the butter ball, placed it in a wooden bowl, and worked the surplus buttermilk out of it with a wooden ladle. Mother's eyes as she worked the butter were blue as the skies. The blue of her eyes and the gold of the butter. Blue and gold are grand colors. They have been colors for many schools. but I claim them as peculiarly and intimately my own. They are the colors of my little school, from which I shall never graduate. In Hitler's Chancellery I ran lnto Captain Kotlyar, a man I had met. a few days before ln the coin- mclndanths office ln the centre cf the city. I thought it strange that he should be poring about in the heap of rubble and scrap iron, plddlfng in the yard instead of sightseeing. “What are you look- lng for, Captain?" I asked casual- ly. Mv voice must have startled him, for he looked up at me with glassy eyes and his answer was slow in coming. "I am looking for some remembrance of my boy," he said at last, hollowly. I-Ils son, an alr lieutenant. bombed Berlin, while he, at the head of an ln- fantry detachment, was storming the centre of the city. The plane was shot. down. The last that was heard from the boy was a radio message: "Hit, ’plane ls on flre. And now the father. who has been Dlvlng on to Iiltlers Chancellery." appointed commandant of this same district, ls roaming about, looking for some fragment of the plane in which his son crashed. -- I. Leroy ln U.S.S.R. Bulletin. an has gone vilig purchas- respect the Hitler's voice o. when he It came all He inarriul n: eighteenth lightning ’tis indicated in result of the Among those recn and Rev. social life. inches of raln ln May and an inch It the heroic Battle of Britain under the banner of Civil Defence, His Majesty the, King said: “Whatever your form of service you were a great host of men and women. All of you will- ingly endured danger, hardship and weariness in your exacting duty, which for many came after long hours of toil in your ordinary work. Never have the qualities which inspire the Civil Defence Services been more needed than in the times to come. spirit of comradesbip, the sense 0f high pur- pose are as essential in the future as when the citizen armies of civil defence were gathered together." s a s u Curiously enough in “White Australia" there are areas with population to which civilization has not yet penetrated. A group of I5 men, women and children in Western Australia rec- ently ssw white people for the first time in their lives. They are uncivilized natives who were forced by the drought to move into Ooldea, on the trans-Australian railway, from the tin- explored spinifex regions of central Australia. Ooldes, s soak in the sandhills on the eastern fringe of the Nullabor Plain, is 500 miles ea-lt of Kalgoorlie. When the Ooldea missionary at- tempted to touch him, one lad in his ‘teens fled screaming. Totally naked. the natives had to be taught what clothes were and how to ivear them. All were amazed when, for the first time, ized for his honesty. He must have known that he was impairing a tap and a motor truck. They were terrified when they saw the train. The call of duty, the Iélhollcrlgf thy honled blossoms And plltnted shade, And sent, soft waters murmurlng Y. Thus qidet-lv Thy days dscltnlng to repose. THE WILD HONEYSUCKLE Flair flower, that dost, so comely silent, dull retreat, 0W. Unseen thifllttle branches greet: No roving foot shall crush thee here, No busy hand provoke a tear. By Nature's self In white arrayed. e bade thee shun the vulgar eye; here the guardian thy summer goes. Qnlt with those charms. that must deoe. Y. I grieve to see your future doom: They d.ld—nor were those flowers more may, . ‘file flowers that did ln Eden bloom; Unpltylng frosts. and Autumn's power shall leave no vmtlge of thls flower. Fromdemornlng suns and evening ws At first thy little being come: If nothing once. you fwthlng lose. they saw houses, horses and carts, water from F" "m" _-l'°“ ‘fie YOU MG H1O same, The space between ls but an hour. Nd- : t pislmlxig lube? Govenansntige- on w out m; an ppos on Prime Minister King's which carried 1'16 seats in 1940 won not more than 118 on Monday, s net loss of oo. e Progressive Conservative repressnq tatfon of 30 obtained ln 1940 her been increased to 66 on the basis of returns at. the time of this sur- vey. The Llbernl representation of mo 1s just 6 short of the number uecennry to enable the Govem- merit. to elect n Speaker and have a majority of one on the floor of the House. ' But the tally ls not yet by any means at an end. The service vote, listed and reglsteredmt more than 7004110, has still to be counted, and , may make many changes ln the final tally. After the First Great, War the soldier vote transferred upwards of M seats from the Laurler opposition to Union Gov- eminent, and the clvlllan margins then upset were on an average considerably larger than those‘ by which over 30 of Mr. King's candl- dates hold their seats on the basis o1’ Monday's polling. There are two Nova Scotti rld- lngs which may well be transfly- red from the Liberal to the Con- servative column when the service returns are received. One ls Cape, Breton North where John MacDon- nld was only 317 behind hls Llberali opponent, and Plctou where W. T. Iiitffflflll, Progressive Conservative, was ln a minority of 321. An ad- verse Conservative vote ln Plctou of more than double this 1n 1918 was triinsferrc] lnto a substantial ma orlty for the Borden candidate. not surprising. therefore, that‘ the Conservatives of Cape Breton North-Victoria and Plctou are counting somewhat confidently on scoring final lilctorles. In New Brunswick the Liberal candidate carried Charlotte on Monday by only 16 votes. If the trend of the overseas vote proves ' similar to what lt was in the re- cent New Brunswick Provincial elec- tion, Charlotte ls virtually certain to be transferred to the Prograsslve Conservative column. , It ls also in the cards that the three Prince Edward Island seats which the Liberals curried by sllm majorities on Monday may all be transferred to the Progressive Com- servatlve llst. Two Island seats were transferred to the Conserva- tlves in 1918 by the service vote, the majority reversed in each case being over 400. , There ls one seat In Quebec, that ‘ which was carried by Minister of Naval Defence Abbott by 109 on Monday, whlch may also go Pro- gressive Conservative on the flnzl tally. Mr. Abbott's opponent was General Price, who may be ex- pected to obtain substantial over- sens support. Not to traverse the whole fleld, there are two seats in Ontario, Es- sex South, which went Liberal by 392 and Wellington North, wlilc Mr. King's caixlldate won by 28 votes. which may both be trans- ferred froni the Government to the Progresslve Conservative Op- position. If these changes occur and are not offset by Progressive Conservative losses, Mr. King's fol- lowing would be reduced by_ making it 108. But in the tour Western Provinces incomplete A- turns show many close results. and some changes ln Pralrle rldlngs seem indicated. The CCJ-I-Soclal- lsts, however, are almost certain to benefit by most of these changes in the Priirle constituencies, for radicalism 1s rampant in those wide spaces. The Canadian Press cstl- mates there were 30 Liberal and f8 Progressive Conservative rldlngs Government, i c the moulds that zlve the shape of the lenses. This suggests the possi- bility of similar use 1n dentistry for making moulds of gums. used for brain and eye and the Injection of sodium algln- a-te and a lime compound ln bone- settlng has been found to glve ex- cellent results. ' seaweed industry Kingdom was a. flourishing one.. 8. In days of sparse pasture lt was used as fodder for sheep: “flngled tangle“, — an ed-lble var- lety like duke-was a familiar cry 1n Edinburgh streets; but the bull: of the weed was gathered and ln- clnerated for fodlne by the “kelp- ers" and cmfters from the lonely shlellngs of Scotland. Then Chll- " ean lodlne was produced in great u quantities and the British lndus- "4 try lan Th re is something tragic about a family left un- provided for’. No man wants his wife and children to suffer in that way -—and consequently men make it one of their first cares provide for their dependents by means of Lifednsundceb Men usually start with a modest policy, adding others as their earning powers grow. When the insurance is no longer required» for pro- tection to others it can be used as a pension for the insured. Writa/arpafiiclllar: of Confederation Lye plan: r for 3b; prpfectim of dependents n: we I n: rs- ;' n;- for yourself. Tbese lap: one] bitmzid witb monthly income total’ disability benfits - BEFORE YOU INSURE CONSULT- ConfedAerartion Life Branch Office lfztnk of Nova Scnlia llltlg” Charlottetown W. l‘. HOGG. Manager HEAD OFFICI J They are Provided F01 _ j wsilms TENTRAL Al nwAvs ll. J. illmil DPTOMBTB/IST I'll-Mn: and Supplying Gloom I u. Montague. P. E. l. Oflles Bonn: 10 to 12 A. in, k I to 5 P. M. “°"6"sl:.°‘é’s.l'.l." DBUGSTOR; ._ ._____n Gassy Stomach: Relieved A guaranteed remedy for stomach conditions such as Indigestion. Dyelrsiwlm 8w e‘ '- lleel-tburm, Gastric .iitii"lrci.iifei?ii. pliiirmlisflc-gl-Tiposltdrf‘ to givftiifiiiauifiilii goal products, and. 1n paper coat- gs. cnly the means of revival, but ls opening up possfbllltlss undreemea of in the past. LONDON — (OP) - Bh- Edward Billey, 68, director o! the geological survey of‘ Gum/t Britain, has m- ttrcd During tlhe siege o! Melts heflewtlteretolooateeirti-awatef- supplies. An nlginatels used 1n making eye for fitting of contact- Fllms of calcium alglnste are surgery, v ii".‘. i_- In the eighteenth century the the United G. F. llutehsson & SON OPTOMETRISTS “Specialists In the fit- ting of glasses for the correction of ocular de- ‘r fects.” while Eulshed. The new Research Association. comparable with that which con- fronted Colonel Drow in the On- tarlo Leizlslrittire before the Pro- vlnclal elections of June 4. The Government wlll be more or less at. the merc of the Opposition groups and s all have to watch its step lf lt ls to continue in power for any worthwhile length of tlrN during the existence of the newly elected Parliament. The old days of n servlle King majority of over 100 ln the House are past and gone. From a political point of vlcw. the Progressive Conservatives are perhaps in ‘a better position now than lf they had won a clear ma- jority, had assumed the adminis- tration of the country, and been confronted during the next year or two with the many baffling prob- lems created by our inept. War Cabinet. It ls right and flttln that the King Government shoul meet and struggle with t-he unnec- essary difficulties the King Gov- ernment has created. One extreme- ly satisfactory feature of the re- sult ls the virtual extinction o5 GEEK-Socialism as a political force of any importance in the fleld of national politics. Sixty per cent of that group's representa- lon wlll be from the cosmopolitan province of Saskatchewan, where 55 per cent of the people are des- cended from a wlde range of con- tinental European races. Outside of Saskatchewan not. more than l0 to 12 Socialists have succeeded ln making the grade. Seaweedk FiTl-ure (United Kingdom Infonnatlor Office) Britain's common brown r weed ls the subject of an lntc lve study by a new Scottish S; weed Research Association. addition to lodlne and pot: brown seaweed has lnflnfte pa: bllltlea for use. both commerrf ly and medically. Gums, glues, slze, textu plastlcs, paper and jellies are ol a few of the substances that r be obtained from- lt. First-cl. vrallbosrd ls another. Boiled wt.‘ sold and other substances the sea- weed turns lnto ajklnd of cement which, when reinforced with fibre. makes wallboard that wlll hold walls and take varnish and palnl. A transparent paper somewhat slmtlar to cellulose can also be ob- tained by extracting the algln (a gelatinous substli ) from the seaweed and treating it with caus- tic soda and tannin. Treated with vulcanlzlng agent the algln yields a rubber-like material which can be used to make typewriter rollers Mixed with a metal, algln can be spun lnto a lustrous rayon that ls not only of great strength but also completely water and fireproof. used in makl The frail duration of s flowml. —Phillp W610i". An alglnate ls already used ln protective - scents ln food- lolch. Jellyfng -;_'_ “lrrled Mmlday b3’ margms 5° with its survey and ecological ‘l 53 Grafton s?!“ i.';"ll..“‘:.'..l2§'.2?§' l» min-ri- imgsltube home m] mmdtwflnalke any and l cheml?l dlvlslon, ls ln a _.___> ‘ n e gent mplpra semen o e non- - - fused situation produced by Mm- QUN-K [ES l By Ken R¢yn°|d3 day's polling. . I m _ s s pI-Ir x‘ E J KiTlieGretentlontof ggflceh by the ‘ioukef PLEASWARD i: a,“ n ov rnmen un r i; ese cou- r- dltlgns will place it ln a positlzn MATEFNlTY “‘ *‘;\*\\\\\ \ l; . “Why dldn’t you warn me they'd be twins-then I could have gotten two baby cabs with my Guardian ‘Kali Ad!” -—— -,= ‘-L DOMINION llow AVAILABLE ii vuun ioclu uialuslrs Avoid Possible Disappointment In The Winter By Accepting Deliveries During The Summer Months. DOMINION STEEL s. cost. CORPORATION ~ LIMITED llALlFAX-SYDNEY-SAINT JOIIN-MONOTON lltsrrsllana Blllpllll Dlntrels and many other nil- ment; uullar to the stoni- lch t u. prescrlpllon which we sell under the ngmo of "Dr. Evans Stomach Mixture." any: the ‘Bill! 1| n, pi-escrip on rgdkslnm selling it have re- . solved numerous testimonials a» from satisfied purchisrri. Price w im- bottle- All YOU Titountlan wrrn LUMBAGO on sons BACK 1 l! so we have one ul thl bfllt rqnedles to offer namely BACK-RITE TABLETS effective for ry treetinent reach. Prloe 500 w" b“!- TIIE 2 MAGS 140 Greet George Street MAI] Oflfli Given Prom!"- Attentlon , For Foot Ailments CONUUI/l‘ B. J. A. BROWN, DJ’. Orthopedic BIIIROPOBIST HI Great George Street cIAI-DOTTETOWN. lld. Prsfsssioiiril Carl: McLeod 6t Bentley W. I. BENTLEL l. I. J. A. BENTLEY. K. 0. Bus-liters and Attorluyl-lt- Lew 1M Prhse direct ll. It. llosllu v 0v- Clsetsrsu Aooonntsh" ll Grafton Strut- Olsrlottewwn ' than sow m l" lenlshh I. nlnnlnl- 9-5" NI$NMV ll. F. lllllllllllll Christel Aooontll" lsdsrl ‘Ii-It Bill" Ohlrllflehfll J.A. llcilllill. “- IAIIIBTII. soLIcITOB N011 , ETC- "ml? “£129.. l iTUTlTArFFAkMfi IA». lllt-nmlr“ m“ °""“""' 5"“ ‘li-riioiilbsn II 1Q . oucrron. I IAIII IIDWN ~~i~