MAXIMS OPA- MERE MAN ungrlotteiown Guardian. ‘hm Cont. Morphy‘ Guardian, Founded I881. Covers Prince Edward Island Like the Dew r plalulng and worst at rejoicing. MAXIMS 01A MERE MAN ‘ypeoplelrebeltaf-eorn- CHARLOTTETOWN, CANADA, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1947 14 PAGES Delivered $6.00. Mull 85.00. other Provinces i! U. I. A. Itfl FOUR DIE AS FIRE FOLLOWS HIGHWAY ACCIDENT Seek ‘Ways 0f Getting Wives Out 0f Russia iiov’t Sells Power Linc To Summerside It. was announced on Saturday by Premier J. Walter Jones that the Mount Pleasant power line from St. Eleanors corner to ‘Mount Pleasant airport had been sold to the Town of Summerside. In ad- dition certain other electric power material which had been obtained by the Province on priority has also been disposed of to the Town oi Summerslde. The entire transaction involves an amount in excess of $20,000.00. The negotiations leading to the transfer were conducted by J. F. Connolly, Deputy Minister of Re- construction, acting in behalf of the Provincial Government.with liiayor J. 1". Arnett and the Town Council of Summerside. The deal involves some twenty miles of power lilies already in use bctwecn Summerslde and Mount Pieasilnt and nnlterials en- suring the erection of an addit- ional twelve miles of lines. It is anticipated that the To of Summerside will be placed n a position to provide power im- mcdiately to the villages of Wel- lington and Richmond. It will be recalled that the Pro- vlncial Government purchased the Mount. “Pleasant power line re- ee: ,.' from the War Asscls Cor- por. ion for the sum of $8500.00. Many Forest Fires Burning In Texas HOUSTON, Texas. Sept. 20- Forest Rangers battled through the night trying to check estim- sted ‘i5 out-of-control forest fires. Old timers say they are the worst ever seen. Electronic “Brains" To Civs Answers iiuickly WASHINGTON. Sept. 28 —(AP) ~Electronic “bralns" that snflp out answers far faster than a man can think are being prepared to aim the lire of tomorrow's planes and wan- lhips. President Truman's Scientific Research Board said in a report that "rodeo-rapid digital auto- matic computation-may well be a development of military signifi- cance comparable to radar." John Brown, Assistant Secretary oi the Navy for Air, in a speech de- clared thut the speed and complex- liy of warplames are increasing at such a rate that the human brain i: the "ultlrmate bottleneck." l-ie said new computing devices were being developed that could take radar signals and other in- formation and calculate a quick answer. He did not mention rada by name. ' Coming Event-s "Dance at Johnston's River School Tuesday ‘right. °° Gnndvlew Hall. Wed- nesday. October 1st. Lunches served. "Dance. Orwr" llall until further notice. "Talkies - _lid'or_ell, flhursday. "Danny Boy." A marine dog story. "Dance in Emerald Hail, Mon- fllv night. September 29th. "Talkies - Canoe Cove Wednes- fltfly. "Danny Boy". A Marine dog I OPY, puff . I. "Hot Chicken Supper It Dan McPhws. Sprlngion, October 1st. 511mm- oouuncnclng at 6. "Chicken Supper, Bingo other limp! and dance in Kelly's Cross HI". Monday, September 29th. "Chicken Supper. Iona Hall. Monday. Septimbcr 29th. Supper served from 6 to 10. Dance aim. "The Annual Balur at lollo 31y will be held September 30th Ind October 1st. But yet. Don't miss it. "Dance, Vernon River il-hll. Wednesday, October 1st. by C. W. L. mum orenmn. "Dance, Lorne Valley, Tuesday; 590K050!‘ 80th. Weblte Orch- DONDON, Sept. 28 -—(AP) - Russia. obviously would like to drop the subject-hut sentimental and outraged Britons are constantly rc- mlnding the Soviet Union that it is holding within its borders the wiv- es cf 15 Englishmen. For two years the English hus- bands, beck from military and dip- lomatic service in Russia. have been trying to bring the Russian girls they married to the Unted King- dcm. The answer invariably is "no". ff. has not been lust a thoughtless re- fusal by a busy bureaucrat. It's P0110)’. The British husbands. aided by their Government, have pushed their petition right up to the Pres- idium of the Supreme Soviet, high- est authorty in the Union. The answer. which xmlst have passed the review of Prime Minister Stalin himself, was the familiar "no". (The Canadan Government has approached the Soviet Government seven times unsuccessfully on be- half of Georg». F. Power. attached to the consular division of the Canadian External Affairs Depart- ment in Ottawa, who married I Russian ballerina Feb. 4. 1945. when he was attached to the Canadian Embassy in Moscow. (The Department said in a state- iment that lnfommtion has been re- ceived tlhat Mrs. Power now has applied to Soviet authorities for a divorce.) The l5 desolate husbands have been drawn together in what amounts to a club. They eltchfihifl the latest news. and recently got their heads together over a letter from Sh-ura. wife of William Green- haiph. She was waiting in Moscow. but her latest letter said: “I am being sent to Archangel. help me now." Gr h had made the rounds of all Russian authorities in Lon- don, s0 he went to Paris to elk 101’- a visa to visit Moscow. He said he was 101.1 m "apply for a visa next shrine" Russia Critical Cf, ii. S.- intervention- ln Crook Affairs LAKE SUCCESS. Sept. 28-12m- sla today was leading the offensive in the United Nations war of nerves with her counter blast against United States intervention in Greece described by Andrei Gromyko as “a dangerous path" likely to lead to destruction o_f the organization. Tomorrow Russia is expected to turn against Italy in the Security Council voting on membership applications from Italy, Hungary. Romania, Finland and Bulgaria. Russia has taken the stand that she will admit Italy only if her Balkan satellites are admitted st the some time. It seems certain the other members of the Council will not admit Bulgaria or I-fuu- SNY- Admission of any or all of these countries can be stopped by use of the veto by any one of the Big Five. LOSES LONG FIGHT FOR LIFE SYDNEY, N. 5., Sept. 2B—(CP) Francis Jockeman, l0. lost his two-year fight for recovery today. Severely burned in the steel mills henlalMdt-ho youth died h Glace Bay General Hospital. l-le had been in hospitals ever since $250,000 i-‘lrc In ii. S. Village (By The Canadian Press) CHARLESTON, N. S., Sept Sl-A 0250.000 fire today de- stroyed the 44-year-old plant of the Nova Scotia Wood, Pulp and Paper Company in this south shore community and threw 50 men out of work. It was the only industry in Chur- lesion. Cause of the bins was be- lieved to have been a spark from the smoke stack. Two men were slightly iulured while battling the firs, which for a time m. stoned nearby woodrlnd the village itself. The loos was partly covered by insurance. Snow Comes To The Maritimes (By The Canadian Profs) Snow. as it must to all Canada, came to the Marithnes this week- EPIC‘. Half an inch of it. fell at Spring- hill on the Northern Nova Scotia mainland and melted Just in time to allow a Maritime Jalnior base- ball final to go on. In Cape Breton, a. fio-mile-an- hour norwester haailiccl and puffed and blew a barn clown at Canso. Trees were uprooted in Sydney and telephone and Dower lines were broken. disrupting services temporarily. Ships clung to port but airlines operated on schedule. Lumber iiiili Burns (By The Canadian Press) SHITBENAOAIJIE. N.B.. 869i. 28 __Twent,y-flva men were thrown out of work here today when fire of unknown origin gutted the lumber mill of Edward Kerr. It took firemen almost two hours to bring the blaze under control. There was no immediate estimate of the loss. Damaged Freighter Roaches Halifax I-IAIJRAX. Sept. flii-Thetdam- aged freighter Mont Sorrel. re- floated Thursday after Broundinl two days earlier on Cerebus Rock at the Strait of Conso entrance. entered Halifax harbor today un- der its own power to undergo rc- pairs. The Montreal-owned freighterb cargo was unloaded yfletcrday at Port Hawkesbury. PROTEST PARADE 1N OTTAWA OTTAWA. Sept. 2B --(CP)—- A thin lime of members and sympa- thizers oi the Ottawa Consumers Association paraded uhe uptown streets of the Capital Saturday bearing banners protesting rising prices and the Government decon- trol program. The 25 banners wcrv "at? r‘ ‘Jy Association members. officers of, the United AllcOliloiihC --»l...t.g a“ 0.) and a handful of sympathizers who formed on Wellington Street. fronting the Parlissment Buildings. They marched along the nltlin bill- iness thorouflifarc of Sparks Street and then circled Confederation Square three times before dispers- the accident. ing. Six Provinces Cali Packinghouso Strlko Illegal (Dy The Canadian Irena) With the two-weeks-old wages strike of pnckinghouse workers declared illegal by six Provinces and with the Prince Edward Island Government prepared to take over that Provinces one strike-bound plant Tuesday, 70 Charlottetown strikers announced flatly that they will not go back to work at their old rates. The P. E. I. seizure announce- ment came soon after a confer- ence of Provincial Government representatives in Toronto agreed, with Saskatchewan dissenting. that the strike is “illegal in that it violates provincial law." Prince Edward Island was represented only by an observer. Meantime, union director Fred Dowllng announced that 21 inde- pendent local unions would take strike votes this week over wage demands similar to those of U. P. W. A. locals. Affected will be three plants in British Columbia. one in Albeta, three in Saskatch- ewan, elght in Manitoba and six in Ontario. Following the Toronto confer- ence. Labor Minister Smith of Manitoba issued a statement which said that New Brunswick, Manitoba and Alberta had united with Saskatchewan in suggesting that I... W. Brockington of Ottawa be named as 1 9e on. anti .. ator» to‘ trike-and‘. ‘e str‘ ; call- ed by the United Packinghouse Workers to enforce demands for wage increases averaging 17 cents an hour. The statement also said that British Columbia also agreed in principle to the suggestion of a common carrier although British Columbia was not named as con- curring in the Brockington nomi- nation. . It thus appeared that Ontario and Quebec were unwilling to accept the proposal that one con- ciliator act for all. Premier McNalr of New Bruns- wick said last night that his Pro- vince was not considering taking over its only strikebound meat plant, that of Swift Canadian Co. Ltd. at Moncton. itilnouski Airman Loses Life In Fire HALIFAX. Sept. 28 -(CP)--The charred body of Sgt. James A. Williams, 38. of Rimouski. Que, was found today in the ruins of the sergeants’ mess of the R.C.'A.F. station at Eastern Passage. across the harbor from Halifax. The mess was gutted by a fire of unknown origin early Sunday. R.C.M.P. and RCA)‘. authorities are investigating and an inquest will be held. Couple Plan To Sue Author For $100,000 SDATTL-S. Sept._fl -- (AP)- Judge Hugh Todd. ruling in a case involving the rights of priv- acy. ‘ ‘ ‘ down a decision Sat- KAMIDOPG. B. 0.. Sept. B- (CPi-Three bodies found in the wreckage of a Canadian National Railways locomotive and l2 freight cars, derailed by a reck- slidc, today were identified an Indian boy: playing hockey from Kamloops Residential School. Finding of the bodies raised the death toll to five with a sixth DH‘- nen in hospital suffering avers burns from the wrcbk, which occurred 3'1 miles west of this in- terior British Columbia centre Saturday. Dead art: Engineer Prank A. Brcokall and hrakeman George W. Whirley. both oi Kamloopl: Ambrose and Francis Alex cf Shaialth, 8.0., and Leonard Ill- jor oi Pavilion. l. C. George Hallmark, fireman. was in hospital in "serious" condition. scolded, by mam escaping ma. the shattered boilers. fl intro. The crash into the rockclide Five Killed When Train ls Derailed came an the westbound freight. hauling l0 cars, rounded a bend in a narrow cutting, giving the crew no time to lump clear. The locomotive was destroyed by the impact and five carloads of new automobiles‘ were demolished. Five other can. packed to the roof with egg|_ were scattered along the rlght-of-wuy but the eggs were relatively intact. The Indian boys, ranging from l2 to Id years. left lchoot Friday and presumably were going homo for an unauthorized vacation. A joint inquest ta expected to be held Monday into the deaths of the five train-wreck victims. The date for funeral services has not. yet. been set. Railway officials cold the slide would be cleared late today and tonkht’: CNJI. passenger tram would be able in go through. Two wogtbeund pcuengc trains, ar- rived in Vancouver today aim urday which permits an Olympic Peninsula couple to proceed with a $100,000 damage suit against Mrs. Betty Mat-Donald, author of "The mg and I". The judge overruled a defence demurrer and held that a cause of action exists in the suit of Mr. and Mrs. Edward-A. Bishop, farm- ers living near Port Ludlow, against Mrs. MacDonald. The Bishops are not identified by name in the book but contend that they are sufficiently identi- fied to be held up to ridicule by friends and acquaintances u "w. ii: --.._.. instrumentals-occasion» sailors in a fight in refugee was slain by gunfire and nine others injured. three-Hay Dominion richest resources-the tourist in- dustry-will open here with Dominion tourist officials lnces. Stanley Lewis, Ottawa's Firemen from three stations rush- Saturday in answer to an alarm pitul officials who said it was all CONROC. --An attempt to of dry ice to halt 06 tires raging chief of the Texas Forest Service sold. He said that between D and 50 pounds of dry ice‘ were dropped by plane on a cloud and succeed- ed in lowering the cloud Strike Situation ls Unchanged By Gov’t Action 0n Saturday Members of the local union of the striking United Packinghouse Workers of America will not go to work for the Provincial Govern- ment unless they are granted the increase cf 82 cents an hour de- manded by their national organ- ization, T. R. Jones’ secretary of Inca] 382, United Packinghouse Workers of America, informed the Guardian last night. He said the passing by the Pro- vincial Government lsst Saturday morning of an order-in-council taking over the Charlottetown meat-packing plant of Canada Packers Ltd., left the situation as ii; was before so far as the strik- ing workers were concerned. Premier J. \ alter Jones, asked last night what action the Gov- ernment proposed to take in light of the new development, had no direct reply to make other than to say: "I think the people of the Province can trust the Govern- ment." Shortly before midnight last Thursday, the Provincial Govern- ment issued an order-in-council offering the striking Charlotte- town packinghouse workers the usual wages paid at the local plant plus 50 cents for each hog slaughtered within the next three weeks. After consultation with the headquarters of the packinghouse workers union in Toronto, ‘the (Continued on Page 5 col, o) News Briefs JERUSALEM, Sept. 28—(A.P)— Some 4'10 Jews were transferred to transports for deportation to Cyprus Saturday night after ‘their immigration ship “Despite" had been boarded at sea by British which one TOURIST MEETING OTTAWA. Sept. 28 - (CPl-A Provincial one of Canada's conference on Tuesday talking things over ressn-tatives from all with rep- nine Prov- GlDBl-TROTTING MAYOR OTTAWA, Sept. N — (GP)- globe- trotting mayor, arrived back home during the week-end after a visit to Moscow, said the Russian cap- ital could show Ottawa a thing or two about keeping streets clean declared Britain might be down but was not out and just shook his head at what he had seen in Europe. WANTED LIGHT. CALLED FIREMEN UITAWA, Sept. 28 —- (0P)- ed in the Ottawa Civic Hospital but were mot by apologetic hol- a mistake. A patient had pushed a button he thought was a light switch but it wasn't. It auto- matically rang the fire alarm. .__.__ RAIN MAKING ATTEMPT FAILS 'I\x.. Sept. 2B—(APl form rain by use in the but Texas timberlands failed today, J. _O. Burnside. fire 1.900 and Mrs, flicks." . feet but produced no rain. O3 dslaysofoaetotwchourl. Wil- uamuatr... so“ N. B. lilen Are Victims 0f Crash PETITCODIAC, N. B, Sept, 23». flaming wreckage of a ca: near Petltcodiac Saturday night and a fourth died enroute to hospital, A few hours later six persons were taken to h ital at Moncton fol- 1°W1118 a collision of two cars about 23 miles east of Petitcodiac, which is midway between Sussex and Mcncton. The meior accident occurred two miles west of this village after a car plunged off the road at a sharp turn, broke off a telephone pole, overturned several times and burst into flames. The dead, all residents of East Collette, between Rogersville and Newcastle in Northumberlimd County, were Edward Pitre, 23; his father, Joseph Pitre, 61; Alphonse Doucette, 20, and the driver, Leo Doucette, 27. The first three perished in the flames. Leo Doucette was found naked on the roadside with all his clothing bumed away. He died in an ambulance. As there were no survivors and no witnesses, no in- quest will be held. All the victims had been proceed- ing to Saint John to visit Leo llzoucettes wife, who lives in that C ty. The crash occurred at Wyse Crossing, where the road lakes a sharp turn to cross the rnain rail- way line to Saint John. Marks of the accident indicated the driver had continued straight ahead with- out attemptlng to make the tum. Little was left of the three bodieg in the wreckage. Even Leo Doucet- (CPi-Three men perished in the‘ Cholera In Egypt Causes Concern CAIRO. Sept. 28 - (AP) — Neighboring countries imposed severp restrictions today on tra- vel to and from cholera-strick- en Egypt. as British and Amer- ican planes sped vaccine and other medical supplies to help coimbat the epidemic. A Health Ministry communi- que said 140 new eases of “sus- pected cholera" wera reported today and that ll persons d’ed of the disease during the day. (Cholera, an acute epidemic disease which has taken a heavy full of lives in Europe and Asia in the past, is carried chieily hv infected persons moving from place to place. Chief means of local dissemination is contam- inated water.) The C...“ ants of Iron, Iraq. Palestine, Syria and Leh- anon instructed their Cairo ccmsulates not to issue visas to travellers from Egypt unless thev produced certificates of anti-rhrilera vaccination. Surh travellers also will be vflsced un- der flve days‘ nuarantloe on ar- rival, it was announced. In Baghdad nuarantine ccn- tres were established all a'*ng the border. and all air commun- te's wallet was a charred mass. A passing motorist summoned police pndnhaambillanee from Mommas. Dr. P. McL. Atkinson, Moncton, county coroner, and Royal Canad- ian Mounted Pclice investigated the accident. The bodies were taken to am undertaking establishment in Pctitcodiac. Funeral arrangements had not been announced tonight. Alphonse Doucette was a brother of Mrs. Leo Doucette. Iranian 0il Beai is Lively issue (By The Associated Prell) ‘I'm-IRAN, Seph- 28—Premier Ahmed Qavam stalked out of Parliament today under a stinging attack by an Azerbaijan deputy who assailed a proposed oil pact with the Russians as "the worst agreement in the past 100 years of Iranian history." Emami Ahari of Azerbaijan said the Iranian people would not a- gree to Russian exploitation of the northern province “even if they are killed one by one." Abbas Massoudi, Tehran deputy, who is publisher of the semi-offi- cial newspaper Etteloat, threaten- ed to present in the Majlls (par- liament) a bill calling for form- ation of a 100 per cent Iranian company for oil exploitation. Qavam negotiated with the Russians in ISAC-when Russian troops were still in Azerbaijan- concerning formation of a Russo- I Iranian oil company to exploit oii' possibilities in the province, which borders on Russia. Any agreement must be ratified by parliament before it can be implemented. Iw-tlcns with Egypt were halt- Canadian Priest Seeks 100 Boys For ‘Four Freedoms Farm’ NEW YORK. Sept. 28 —(OP)—A Canadian priest inspired by Father Flanagan's "Boystown" flies from New York tomorrow in an effort to find 100 "frustrated European boys" willing f.o make his 400 acres near London, Ont. a "four free- doms Farms." Father Maurice N. Sullivan of Airfield. Ont, said in an interview he will be looking for Russian, French and German boys as well a: Britons. Later he hopes some Americans will join the era-operative community he plans to begin next May. Although he has received no rep- ly from Premier Drew of Ontario to an offer to bring youths 14 to 18 years of age to Canada under the Provinces current immigration scheme, the 54-year-old priest said he would get in touch with Canad- iain officials in Britain in an effort to establish some means to bring them over. WANTED-LOGGERS SUDBURY. Onta-(CPF-Of 2.- 263 vacancies for male help re- corded at the Sudbury office of the National Employment Service early in September, i200 were in the logging camps. There were Jobs for 600 men in the mining industry and the remainder were mainly for construction work. Germans (By Richard lasfsohks) BERLIN, Sept. as —(AP)—Gsr- man trade union leaders-at Ham- burg dcclared Saturday that ord- ers had been issued throughout the British none for strikes as a form of open "resistance" to An- gic-American plans for the dis- mantling oi large numbers of German factories for reparations. Adolf Kummomus, chairman of the Hamburg Trade Union Con- gress said "no German worker will be encouraged to lay hands on any plants useful for peace production." Dispatches from lsse said ten- sion prevailed through ut the in- dustrial Ruhr as the result oi un- confirmed repcrts that there were from 00o to 1,800 factories on the American-British list for removal, including Germany's entire bail bearing industry, virtually all the so-called "peaceful" section oi the great Krupp works and three plants which manufacture much- ln British Zone Threaten Strike Workers at the Holmsg factorv. at Kiel, already have gone on strike, Hamburg dispatches said, as a result of reports that the plant is to be torn down. The inc- tory makes diesel marine engines and Germans claimed its dis- mantling would cripple the fish- ing industry. Allied officials said the factory could easily be con- verted to war purposes. The revised list of dlsmantlings compiled since the British-Ameri- can decision was reached last Au:- ust to raise the industrial level for Western Germany to approxi- mately the 1036 standard, is ex- pected to be published this week. In Berlin, Gen. Lucius D. Clay. American Military Governor, said the posting of the reparations list of German factories considered surplus to that level would go ahead regardless of whether Ger- mans like it. "lf German unions refuse to obey orders they can hardly ex- pect us to keep shipping in fwd needed coal mining equipment. i: to feed them." he said. Pakistan Seeks Aid In Settling Strife Hindu Leaders Are Critical; Mosioms liuio Cut Possibility 0f War. NEW DEZLHI, Sept. 28—-(CP)-- A reported appeal by Pakistan for Commonwealth aid in solving In- dia's strife, tonight brought criti- cism from Hindu leaders and as- surance from Mosiem official! that they ruled out the possib- llity oi war. (in London, an informed Bri- tish oificiai said Saturday that thl Pakistan Government had pealed to Britain and the Com- monweaith for help in ending the Hindu-Moslem slaughter. (The official said the Moslem dominions plea. had been forward- ecl to the Commonwealth capitals but he would not confirm a Lon- don newspaper report that it in- cluded a request for military aid.) J. A. Kripalani, president of the predominantly - Hindu Congress Jlrty, commenthig on the re- ported appeal, said “the real so- lution lies in Pakistan itself." He said he meant that Pakistan had declared itself a religious state which would be a homeland for India's Moslems, and that the result was the uprising by Mos- lems against Sikh and Hindu min- orities unwanted in Pakistan. The "only way to retrieve the situation is to base citizenship on a territorial basis, and forget the venom of two-nation theory which started the whole vicious circle” of communal discord and liotlng Dr. Zahid Hussain, Pakistan high commissioner in India, said in an interview that "the possib- ility of war is completely ruled out by us. We subscribe to the principles of the United Nations charter." . Meanwhile six people were kill- ed and one injured in a disturb- ance tonight at Subzimandl, a suburb of Delhi. FoLKS We Sim; (time, own PRMSES haven Surrey. FROM . man-saunas . TORONTO, Sept. 28 - (CP)-_ Minimum and maximum temper- aturesz-Vancouver 49, 68; Vic- toria 48, 69; Edmonton 34. 43; Re- gina 39, 48; Winnipeg 45. 50; Tor- onto 33. 58; Ottawa 2'7, 55; Mont- real 35, 5i; Quebec 28. 52; Mone- ton 30, 50; Halifax 39. 58; Char. lottetown 39. 48; Sydney --, 5o; Yarmouth 36. 53. HALIFAX, Sept. 28—-Weathgr synopsis and official inland fore- casts issued by the Dominion Public Weather Office at Halifax tonight. Synopsis: Over the eastern part of tho Marltimes there re northerly gales and overcast s ies with some rain on Sunday. This weather was craved by a small but intense SijlTl that developed over the Gi: ...‘ st. Lawrence. The cloud from the storm extended to Char- lottetown and Truro during the morning but west of these place: the sky was clear. By evening every place but Sydney had clear. ed. In the morning temperaturei were below freezing in some place| and during the afternoon they were mostly near 50. Frost can be expected again Sunday night On Monday a large high pressure area is likely to move past thg district and the southerly current back of ths high pressure will bring warmer weather. Forecasts, valid until midnight Monday: Prince Edward Island: Clear and very cool during thl night with frost in many places Monday, clear and a little warm- er. Light winds. High Monday ai Charlottetown 05. High tide this morning IA 9M and tonight at 10.49. Sun sets this afternoon at 5.40 and rise: tomorrow morn! at 5. Pull moon Ssptunber h, 1.4 A. M Sinnmc e tide eighteen mine uteg later an Charlottetown. ap- ‘ a