SayPart of Eastern Canada Rose Out Of Sea As Recently As 2500 years ago MONTREAL (CP) - Scientific evidence has beenfound to indi- cate that part of the North Amer- ican continent emerged from the sea as recently as 2.500 years ago. Previous estimates had dated the event asgfar back as 50,000 years 3 0. gThe new theory is advanced by two scientists - one Canadian and the other American. As a result of a survey of the once-inundated area a year ago and laboratory studies since, they have come to the conclusion that 3 part of eastern Canada rose out of the sea about the year 500 B.C. CAUSED BY HEAT WAVE Albert Courtemanche, director of the Quebec service of biogeog- raphy, and Dr. John E. Potzgcr, director of the botanical depart- ment of Butler University in In- dianapolis. believe this is what happened: An unrecorded heat wave swept up the continent about 2,500 years ago and melted n two-mile-thick ice crust covering the northern The sea rolled in to fill the hol- lows where the land had been held down by the great ice load. However. the earth's compara- tively thin crust popped up and this drained off the Champlain sea- which then covered what now is the St. Lawrence river valley-and parts of the northern seas. Eastern Canada assumed its present form and vegetation appeared. SHORT-PERIOD EVENTS All this took place in a com- paratively short time. according to the Courtemanche-Potzger findings published recently in the United States technical periodical, Sci- once. Dr. Potzger and Mr. Courte- manche took samples from the bottom layers of a marsh called the Smoky Hills Rapids bog near Rupert river in the James bay area of northern Quebec. Their bog samples were sub- jected to a radioactive carbon test at the Lamont geological ob- servatory in Palisades. N.Y The test determines how long section of the .continent. Work Half Finished the material has been buried. on Huge N.R. - N.S. Mashland Rehabilitation Project Canadian Press Staff Writer AMHERST. N.S. (CP) - Engin- eers and their crews are carrying on the biggest beattle yet in the Maritimes' centuries - old battle against the inroads of the sea. They believe it will be the de- cisive one. Early Acadian settlers began the campaign in the 17th century. tempted by the miles of fertile tide-marshlands that fringe the Bay of Fundy. It took nearly 100 years of labor with shovel and handcart to win even a portion of the lands from the growth-stunting salt water. But they built well. and some of the old dikes are still in use. lo-YEAR PROJECT I Engineers of the M a r i t i m e s Marshlands Rehabilitation Admin- istration planned to reclaim 90,- 000 acres -in 10 years. using bull- dozers. cranea and cement-mixers. They frequently uncover remnants of old earthworks. and even pieces of farm equipment used by the old settlers. Five of the allotted 10 years have passed. and about 50.000 acres-more than half the ulti- mate objective-have been won from the sea. authorities are predicting a large beef cattle industry. NETHERLANDS EXPERIENCE J. S. Parker, directing the pro- ject, served with the Canadian army in Holland and learned his job from Netherlands dike build- BPS. Helping him is a crew of gradu- ate engineers, and during the sum- mer a few dozen engineering school students, plus a small army of laborers. They have the ticklish job of drawing water off lands that are lower than the surrounding sea, ex- cept at ebb tide. They have to set up an elaborate system of canals to drain the marshes while the tide is out. An even more complicated series of dikes, dams and breakwaters keeps the sea from coming back. Icelandic Sheep Most Likely To Survive OTTAWA. (CF)-Hardy Icelandic sheep are the most likely to sur- vive in the Canadian Arctic. says Ami Cv. Eylands, assistant secre- tary of Iceland's agriculture min- In New Brunswick. the work is in concentrated in Albertgcounty, near the head of the bay, where tides come rushing in at full force. com- pressed by the full 200 miles of Fundy shore. In Nova Scoiia the work is in various stages of completion, from Amherst all the way to Yarmouth on the province's western tip. JOINT EFFORT The project started in 1948 when the Maritime Marshlands Rehabili- tation Act was passed by Parlia- mcnt as a joint federal-provincial cfort. The cost. which has already exceeded 38,000,000. is shared by the provinces, the federal agricul- ture department and f a r m e r s whose land is reclaimed. Original estimate of the total cost was :9,- 000.000. Estimates of the potential farm production off the reclaimed marshes run as high as 35.000000 annually. Despite a heavy salt con- tent in the soil. an acre of marsh- land will produce from two to four tons of hay each summer. Farm New south Wales Face Severe llraught Canadian Press Correspondent SYDNEY, Australia, (CF)-New South Wales faces its worst drought for 50 years. Agricultural experts predict that unless good, wide- spread rain falls before Christ- maa losses will ruin hundreds of farmers. Many farmers have already written off their wheat crop while the stews catiiemen and dairy farmers are spending an estimated 3250.000 1 week hand-feeding stock. In the far western and far south- ern sections, which have been hardest hit, farmers have lost hundreds of head of sheep and cattle. some farmers report that unless they can get feed, now at A premium, l.l1('y' will have to "cut the throats of some stock rather than let them starve to death." CRITICAL SITUATION Cereal specialist G. Nicholson of the agriculturv department said cereal and livestock conditions are critical. "The whole of the wheat belt urgently need.) rain. but even now it will be too late to do any good. Some big grazlers are paying up 37.000 weekly for stock feed. They are losing thousands of lambs u ewes are in too poor con- dition to feed their young. some mixed farmers are turn- lnr stock into fields of stunted wheat while others ore cutting wheat as hay and telling it to re- duce losses. (continued from Page I ..A.....A.A.... scoIts' Pumpkin Pie for a nose, is grinning mouth with teeth cut from orange peel. Ind slanting ey0.iI' of Brazil nuimeats or painted chocolate candies. TOM0lIIOW'l DINNER. Tuna-Oelery saladottu creole Meet Bails Tossed Buttered Noodles Oaueroled Diced Turnip Pumpkin Pie Coffee Tea Milk Creole Meet Bella: Combine l'l 'h-r chapped beef, its up. nit. 'l '50. monooodiuin glutamate. I tbs. minced Union. I tbs. minced green P"PDer. l crushed small section gar- g lif' (CDIIDIIID. CDC 1 DEIIEII OIL Shlpl Into medium-stud bnlll. Roll in flour; brown in I tbs. fat. Add I (I as.) am tomato sauce Mr. Eylands indicated in an in- terview Icelanrl might provide a number of sheep if Canada goes ahead with plans to start sheep breeding in the Far North to im- prove Eskimos living standards. He said Icelandic sheep were ex- ported to Gre-rnland 40 years ago for breeding purposes, and the nnimals have been thriving there ever since. , YIELDS FINEIC WOOL Scottish black face sheep might also prove successful but not as much as the Icelandic type which, he said, provides a finer wool and more mutton. some of the wool crop is exported to the United Kingdom. Mr. Eylands is visiting here and among other things will discuss the problems of sheep breeding in colder climates with Canadian of- ficials. - Agriculture experts last summer surveyed pasture possibilities on the southern shore of Ungava bay in far northern Quebec. They reported the possibilities as reasonably bright. Vegetation for aununer pasture was found in mail patches but field crops and soil experts said they believed a hardy type of grass for winter feeding might be raised. DISCUSS FOIIESTATION Mr. Eylands. who came from talks in Washington, said he also will approach Canadian officials at the forest experimentation sta- tion near Petawawa. Ont.. to dis- cuss forestatzlon on the treeless little island country of the North Atlantic. Other talks here will touch on the possibilities of a Canadian elderdown industry for the Arctic. Canada has I large duck popula- tion but no industry for elder- down. used mostly as stuffing for sleeping bags and. heavy pnrkas. Iceland has a thriving industry. Girl Teacher "Trades Sky For Blackboard FORT WILLIAM. (CP) - Ruth Parsons, only daughter in a family of bush pilots. had to get her com- mercial pilot's licence to keep up the family tradition. The 21-year-old teacher who has racked up 250 flying hours spent the summer piloting freight and passengers between Piin Fion. Man., and Kenora, Ont.. with Par- sons Alr service, run by -three older brothers. But this fall she traded the sky for I blackboard when she re- turned to teach I classroom of Grade IV pupils. - When Ruth wqa an 18-year-old high-school student and began fly- iessons there was a brief war coun- cil at home. Opposition was headed by her mother. Mrs. John Par- sons. who thought three sons in the air was enough for any fam- ily. Ruth won the argument. Fairhaired and quiet, she is hav- ing A battle of her own now-the choice between teaching and fly- ing. so far the hos compronitsed. But now her mind is straying to flying instruction and with her experience in piloting both land and water-baacd planes over rugg- ed northern terrain she may in- struct some Ilay. TOUNGITEIS BLAME!) AYLMEII. Que. (CP) - A Six,- our fire in an ice house here was blamed on youngsters hunting pig- eons. The property owner. Adelart Bastien, laid there were indica- ltlom that youth: had been enter- ing the attic It night to catch pig- "Idle. lIlOdo0lel1.8ilIIllMl30 COIII. -'-v - Quebec Woman Senator Defends Upper Chamber QUEBEC (CP)-One ol the five women in Canada's Senate said Tuesday talk favoring abolition of the appointed Upper House of Far- liament comes from people ”who do not know its constitutiosal his- wry, its purpose and its role under confederation." Mrs. Marianna Bp Jodoin of Montreal. first French - speaking woman to be appointed to the Senate, said in a speech at a ser- vice club luncheon that some have described the Senate as "useless” and claimed it should be abolish- ed. In some quarters it was sug- gested the Senate should perhaps be an elected body like the Com- mons. ”If the Canadian Senate became an elected body it would lose its value as a pillar of Canadian con- federation and would swerve from its objective which is the protec- tion oi the principles on which the country's constitution is' establish- ed." she said. Not 30 per cent of the population knew the Senate's role in govern. ment. g The Senate. she said. is a gather- ing of men and women who must work "exclusively for the welfare of the people. protecting the local interests of each part of our vast country . . ." That was the role of the Senate as it was established by the Fathers of Confederation in 1867 and should not be altered or changed. The Senate acted as a sort of balance between the House of Commons and the public. "The main purpose of the Sen. ate is to watch over the great principles on which the constitu- tion of our country rests and to safeguard them in our statutes. One could say the senate is the law's tempering agem, "To achieve" this. the Senate must be independent, with its own freedom of action, considering with an even mind legislation from the Commons. preventing hasty- law-making, and giving public 0Dlnion an opportunity to form and be heard. "Another Senate duty is to have no regard for the desires of the Commons but to make its decisions according to its own views . . ." Propose To Increase Authorized Capital MONTREAL. Oct. 19 - An- nouncement was made today by Gordon it. Bali, president of the Bank of Montreal. that B of M shareholders will be asked at their annual meeting in December to enact a by-law increasing the bank's authori7cd capital from 850 millions to 375 millions. The new figure will be tho largest in Can- adiwn banking history. The proposal to increase the authorlzed capital - the first since 1928 - follows the offer to shareholders last August to sub- scribe to 900.000 additional shares of the bank's capital stock at 530 per share, on the basis of one now share for each four slmros held. The offer remains open un- til November 20 next. Upon completion of the new is- sue. the bank's paid-up capital will be increased by .89 millions to 45 millions and its rest ar- count by 318 millions to 890 mil- lions making an aggregate of sh"rehnlrlcrs' funds. exclusive of undivided profits. amounting to 3185 millions. which - like the new authorized capital figure - is the largest of any of the char- tered banks. Sharca Purchased by October 30 Rank for Dividend and Extra Arthur C. Jensen. general man- ager, in announcing the bank's fourth quarterly dividend of 30 cents for the fiscal year to Oct- ober 30. plus an extra dividend of 20 cents per rlinre, for sharehold- ers at the close of busines on that record date, reminded sub- scriiim to the new stock that each share. whcilier fully or part- iv paid. will rank in respect of these two dividends in the monor- lion in which it stands paid no on the dividend record date to Octo- ber 30. ., The regular dividend. due for oayment on December 1 next. is the 366th in the history of the bank. For 126 years the bank has paid dividends without a single break. The B of M's record of divi- rlend payments in without peer :- mon-I the chartered banks of this country. . The extra dividend of 20 cents. -uyable December 15. represents the eighth annual distribution of this kind since the war and brings payments to shnreholrlcrs for the current fiscal year to 31.40 per share - the some as in 1953. In line with the bank's ioniz- standing custom. the first Mondav in December has been announced for the holding of its 137th annual meeting. . labof-Gndhiates Win By-elections LONDON - (Reuters) -- Labor candidates won overwhelming vic- tories Thursday in parliamentary by-elections held in two Labor party strongholds. Labor's Victor Collins won the election in shoreditch and Finn- bury constituency, East London. by a vote of 18.002 to 5.043 for Con- servative Malcolm Agnew. Labor's Arthur Creech - Jones won in Wakefield. Yorkshire, with 21,822 votes to 15.714 for Conscr- vative Maurice Macmillan. son of Defence Minister Harold Macmil- Inn. The by-elections were to fill vacancies caused by the death of labor members Ernest Thurtle. in Shoredltch, and Arthur Greenwood. in Wakefield for 22 years. 'rhurtle's majority in Shorediich in the 1051 general election was 18.76). Greenwo had a 7.702 ml- Jority at Wakeield. '.I'he-atundlnt of the 025-member it spends his time on 300-acre farm at St. George. Near Brantford, Ont.. where he was born April 1, 1991. He holds a degree of bacheior of scientific agriculture. In 1914, he married Alice Jackson and they nad four children?,one son, Jack- son, a pilot officer was killed Sept. 8, 1941, during an attack on Frankfort-. Germany. Jackson's death took some of the spark out of Harry. By ROBERT GOLDSTEIN CHICAGO (AP) -- A team of New York medical scientists has found that sudden unexpected .ieat.h-the gnawing dread or man) heart victims-rarely results from an uncomplicated first attack. Their study of 611 such coronary thrombosis cases in New0York hos- pitals showed that only 3.4 per rent died during the three to six weeks of hospitalization-a lesser rate than generally supporsed. This is even lower than the rommonly recorded five-per-cent in pneumococcic pneumonia since the advent of the antibiotics. Writing in the Journal of the American Medical Association they said: "This evidence justifies a more optimistic attitude than has usually been taken by psysician and pa- tient in all 'good rl.sk' cases, par- ticularly when survival has ex- tended beyond the first few days of the attack. Overconfidence and carelessness, however. are not war- ranted as a result of these find- ings." AGE N0 DIFFERENCE The research project also show- ed that the prospects for recovery from uncomplicated first heart at.- tacks are as good for elderly pa- tients as for young sufferers. Age seemed to make no difference. However. the study also included 707 other patients listed as ”poor risk" cases and the majority of these were over 60 years of age. The death rate in the poor-risk group-including both elderly and Six Selected For Northern Service OTTAWA (CP)-Six Canadians have been selected from nearly 300 applicants for the new post. of northern service officer, the north- ern affairs department announced Thursday. Applications for the six posts were invited last May. Four of the successful candida- tea are married and their wives are expected to go north with them to the posts at Aklavik. near the mouth of the Mackenzie river, Churchill, Man, Southampton Is- land, Port Harrison on the eastern shore of Hudson bay, Frobisher bay on Baffin island and Fort Chimo on Ungava bay. Ages of the new officers range from 26 to 53. All have had ex- pcricnce in the north and three are there now. Their jobs will be to help the eskimoa help them- selves. The six offzcers selected are: John Jameson Bond, 36. of To- ronto: Albert James Boxer, 44, of Thorold. Ont.. and Yellowknife. . W. T.: Donald Coombs, 33. of isimcoe, Ont.. and Ottawa: Wil- liiam Kerr, 53, of Ottawa; Robert -Van Norman, 26, of Hamiote, Man. and Douglas Wilkinson. 34. of To- ronto and Kirks Ferry, Que. Plan Dinner, To Honor Ontario's Henry Nixon By Walter Gray Canadian Press Staff Wrter TORONTO. (CF)-Henry Nixon said his son was "crazy" to enter politics. That was in 1919. Wednesday night, that same son, Harry, who has sat continuously in the On- tario legislnture for 35 years, will be honored at a testimonial dinner given by the province of Ontario. Lleut,-Gov. Louis Breithaupt. Premier Frost and his cabinet, and a host of friends both in and out of the legislature. will pay tribute to the 65-year-old Mr. Nixon-per- sonnlly retiring but politically in the fore-whose career at Queen's Park would have wrecked man; a weaker personality. For Henry started out at only 23 to win his first election, became provincial treasurer that samn: year. changed his political affilia- tion twicc, resigned then withdrew his resignation as provincial secre- tary in the Mitchell Hepburn Lib- eral government and on May 18. 1943, became premier. ONLY THREE MONTHS His premiership was shortllved when the Liberal party was de- feated al the polls the following Aug. 13, although Mr. Nxon gained another personal victory. Since then, Mr. Nixon has sat in the thin opposition ranks. The Liberal party holds only seven seats in the 00-seat house. The party now is headed by Farquhar Oliver, another Queen's Park vet- eran. Between sessions Mr. the Nixon family's in the RCAF. NO REGRETS Friends at Queen's Park say He usually avoids the more heated debates and should he wish to make I POIN- he takes the short; direct route. Of his political life, Mr. Nixon said earlier this year he hurt "no regrets." "I have had I good life. I have made many friends.” he said. "And I have had a wonderful chance to be of service to the people of my constituency and of the province." Mr. Nixon advises young people not to hesitate to enter me pol- itical field. ' "You never can tell what the electors will do," he said. House of C mmons now is: Conservetives and allies. Jill, Labor 292; Liberals. 6: Irish Ne- iionnlista, 2; Irish Labor, 1; vacant young patients-was so per cent. "Comparison of the mortality rate of these two age groups. with- .n a framework of prognostic cate- gories . . . fails to reveal that age exerts a significant influence on survival with attacks of similar severity," the researchers said. Poor-risk patients included those who had had a previous attack; who suffered from extreme shock or had other conditions that added to the gravity of their cases. The researchers are doctors Henry I. Russek of Staten Island and Burton L. Zohman of Brook- lyn. Vital Statistics For This Year (YITAWA - (GP) - Canadian mothers gave birth to more babies in the first nine months of the year than in the corresponding period in 1953, the bureau of stat- istics reported Thursday. Fewer people walked to the alter to be married and I lower number died in the January - September period than last year. In the first three quarters of 1954, increases ranging between two and 12 per cent in eight prov- inces oft-set declines of about three per cent in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland as national birth registrations climbed to 325.297 from 304,220. Registrations in S e p t e m b e r amounted to 37,451, up from 35,572 as increases in seven provinces out- weighed drops in the Maritimes. September's 15,272 marriages, the biggest monthly figure this year, brought the total for the first nine months to 91,218, about three per cent under last year's 94,032. Despite increases in Newfound- land, Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta the September marriage total was lower than in the same month last year when the figure was 15.601. While more Canadians died in Prince Edward Island and British Columbia in the first three quar- ters. decreases ranging between three and 28 per cent in the other provinces resulted in a national drop in 92,321 deaths from 96,855 a year ago. Newfoundland. Prince Edward Island and British Columbia regis- tered more deaths in September. but. the total for all Canada stood at 9.535. down from 11,090 in Sep- tember a year ago. NURSE ON OTTAWA (CF) nursed:-annc Sabourin has been appointed to a full-time job in the Parliament buildings. Her serv- ices will be available to the Corn- mons and Senate staffs as well as members of Parliament and sen- ators. Previously. members and senators with medical qualifications were relied on in emergencies. HA ND Registi-'.rc:i , l Research Shows Sudden Death Rarely 'Secrecy Marks Results from First Heart Attack inspection Of Polish Treasures QUEBEC (C?) -A group of men accompanied by provincial police and led by A bespectacled. grey- haired man. entered the basement of the whiteetone provincial mu- seum Tuesday and locked all doors. The men were described as rep- resentatives ot Poland's wartime government-in-exile and their visit, sheltered in cloak-and-dagger wo- recy, was to make the annual check on condition of the fabulous Polish treasures seized by the Quebec governmznt Feb. 25. 1948. Walter Duchesnay, ficer of the Quebec att.orney-gen- cral's department. carrying a ring of keys and said to be the only man with the lock combination to, little . the museum vnult, led the group. The Polish representatives were not identified. invite Gilda To Attend.OAS Conference WASHINGTON, (A P) - The council of the Organization of American States Wednesday iuued a special invitation for Canada to attend the forthcoming Rio De Ja- nciro economic conference. the hope that Canada may like the atmosphere well enough to join the OAS. Canada is the only western hem- isphere nation not a member of the OAS and has, politely, turned aside many requests to join. The Rio economic conference is scheduled to open on Nov. 22. Re- cently Canada. and Italy, because of their trade interests in Latin America, asked the hut Brazil government if they could sit in to keep posted on what went on. OAS council chairman Hector David Castroi explained Canada was given extra attention because of the American republics' long standing desire to have Canada become a member. Actually there is a special chair, with Canadals name carved on the back, ready and waiting for Can- ada to occupy in the council cham- ber at the pan-American union. It is stored in the union's basement. But Canada, while active in Latin American trade, still shows 1951 no inclina ion to participate in OAS political and military ar- rangements. Canadian diplomats frequently turn the question aside with the remark: 'tWe have no problems now." -VTOP EIHGADE GALT, Ont. ICP) -- The Gait fire department received this year's certificate and plaque from the Ontario fire marshal's office for topping its class in firc-pre- vention work. it was the sixth con- secutive year the Gait brigade has taken..f.irst- place. carefully . l special of- i Tuesday. October 25, 1954 The Guardian Page 13 HALIFAX, (CP)-The fort atop Citadel hill overlooking Halifax harbor was built years ago to keep away Yankee invaders. Now it's being rebuilt to attract American Tourist. The old fort. stood guard like A watchful. military mother as Hal-. ifax grew from a village to a city from 1750 to 1b50. With each of Britain's wars in those days the army remade the -fort. But the sitootlhg was always lover before the carpenters and isconema.-ions had finished their he bnly shots ever fired from it welcome friendly naval vessels and mark the hour of noon each day Now the old fort is coming into .its own as a formidable weapon in the campaign to win tourists for Nova Scotia. And it isnt finished Yet 9 . Major W. C. Barrett. local his- torian and superintendent of the citadel, says the fort is becoming the most popular historic site in eastern Canada. The present fort actually is the fourth. The first was built in 1749 to protect early setters against Indians. but the Indians were friendly by the time it was fin: ished. The second was started too late for the Seven Years War and fin- lshed too late for the American revolution. The third was completed A year too late for the war of 1812-14. The fourth was ordered built in 1828 by a committee still uneasy about the intontions of the New England statu. It was finished in 1859, and is shaped like I. four- pointed star. Canadian Airlines Set 1953 Records OTTAWA (CP) - Canadian alr- lines in 1953 established records in the number of passengers carried and freight and mail transported. The bureau of statistics said Thursday the increase in business gave the airlines a profit for the third consecutive year. However. costs cut operating income to 35 per cent of the 1952 figure and to less than one-fifth of what it was in Scheduled and non-scheduled Ca- nadian carriers and foreign lines operating in Canada flew in record 64,079,912 revenue miles last year compared with 58,775,340 in 1952. Total hours logged rose to 524.935 from 491,722. Number of passengers carried rose to 2,795,837 from 2,360,847 in 1952 and passenger miles increased to 983,053,923 from 839,587,265. Freight weighed 182,719,719 pounds compared with 140,734,542 the pre- vious year and ion miles increased to 14,534,821 from 12,654,572. Mail weighed 20,319,952 pounds com- Citadel Hill Fort Being Rebuilt f To Attract American Tourists During the First World War the Citadel was used as s dentention camp and once played host to Rus- sian Bolshevik Leon Trotsky. In the Second World War it was a signal post, radio station and site for anti-aircraft guns and senrchlights. The Massey commission on cul- ture in 1951 recommended restora- tion of the deteriorating fort. It was handed from the federal de- fence department to the resources department for development. Restoration has been in full swing for three ::ears and will con- tinue for five or six more. Total cost will be more than Sl.000,000. The Citadel houses ll military museum and the Maritime Mu- seum of Canada. Exhibits in:-lude everything from the Queen's auto- graph to is fro:man's suit, NEW as tomorrow! 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