._| ods offio ter l pai* Mel.- Islas nd! us. D4 -Plrli _IL 5~` ».. .WGS H( i liist( ticip 's ht The ‘- _.i_- . byierv f M3: ` Canadz rf . Monde ‘ 2 _ . I [1 H. conferi ( ?t'.'>`~ Lhé Ri i ' ,V _ l`}~".'1*\ -fr."-.1 fl if; if`f~".f:‘ wf T it-_bfi N 1 from 5,11* 3'] . -’ ' ’i."‘4f ““'. if xii “ ». if? y i-f,~ _'I' 1 *iii vii i @ Rt; <1 .= . 1,1 f, 'W _l tor Erll , 'wld tion _ii _,/,lf ,Rm er we 'Nat fry; W ._ mi.. , W» man c ‘ ‘Ng hav' sewn' ' ,(8 °sub1ec _ , .E. Bo( ` »'.<:Zgi "ia :Minist Q ‘ion --_--_-1.. . .._.- ..._- -_ _helpfu 3 °‘ ‘ christ , voicing < i 8 B , doing iAc°‘ ways \ notl , way `,°“° , w. A, _ _‘fic on Tl ` ' Order las a 2 fBrotl is th 'W side, ."1" 'rr -Wm dem 09°' . ‘ ca i' ,mt ‘ of ii re . wot trc Q s‘ Q Sl ,I ces fan ‘tee er but tio. _ ¥lCi . , . » i i i quote At -».-»<-1-. large urc i “ spirit 3 there ‘r min DEX' allii BIC HIE I. gan' O exp, =°°. fall ed wr. l try P _ thi ‘“° _ fu I rr 1-sm-`_¢`-.L.-.~ , _ 85' 1=T"‘_ il 'li ,il n _ .-.tr _- '..-e>`-_ ;,',~;,.»-- .=s‘="'-'. 1 i l .fi , ;~; 'l in Li Ill' ...umcrn-nl U C: St "l te I E so cl D tr ll. 31 ‘ 'rms GUARDIAN . 4 ' ' ` . -_ --=-- me ciiinioimown cuinniliii _..._ |»,..||,.o._w ciialur s. noun. u. 2. vice-rmiacnt-J. I. sumti socmary-uma.-cci. D. A. uuxiunon. D- I- 0- laaltor um nannies Assoslale ldltors-Frank 1_||"°¢¢|~._q» B. Burnett. Waller and D. K. Currie | gd | dellund. nuniaznnauz f:¢;:u1|d¢:i Jr?) '$5-10:6 eg 510:: at ‘Ln d 'G31 d sm” ' moivnar, _wus is, isaz most of the debts of its poor allies. the United states, which 0 grew rich in furnishing munitions and food and did not enter the war until near the end, has been I i _ ` ` llré FREEDOM VS. LICENSE the p0pulation Eenerally ful' reventlon, and it is to i-hilt end P *mat th. A5_wgilti0n Of Fi-I8 Ml!- disoulsion in the Montreal and Ot-1 SML, mg passed s resolution which. “un Conference of the United in effect, urges the inauguration of 5 vigorous anti-fire campa1$11- _IH- surance companies. W°m€n's organi- mgn mm passing mention. The Huong, boards of tra/:le and other tenor of the disCi1SSl0I\ Wiis ihnipublic bodies are called “DOH V’ freedom of speech is not safeguard- fundergakc an educational course sd in Canada as it is in Great Brit- I designed to bring to public atten- airi. and that people of foreign mm me principal causes of fires in birth. who violated the law should dWe111ng,' the destruction of life not pc expelled. From what I thc and property resulting therefrom various sneakers said there seems `and the best approved methods of 'libs interesting md instriloi-ive Church on the Governments atti- hido towards Communists deserves to be misinterprctation of the m°°“m¥ °'f me term "eed°m of' Clean-up weeks. which have be- |peecb. It does not mean license wma common in B11 communities to preach revolution. It certainly tivs of s foreign country should be, at liberty to raise up strife and dis-i sention amonz the peaceful and law abiding citizens of this country Great Britain, notwithstanding what ls said in the United Church reso- lution, does not tolerate such be- haviour. Repeatedly such agltators have been prosecuted and deported! 'Photo is an oben forum in Hyde; Park where all sorts and conditions of people may speak and argue to their hearts’ content, but always a- mongst the crowd are detectives taking notes Uf their utterances: anyone who goes beyond what is considered lawful is reported, and if the speakers importance and in- fluence are such as to warrant ipreventing dwelling fires. for the flames. ff, then, the people can be persuaded to continue con- sistently throughout the year the Ca,-B and good judgment usually exercised by them during, but t00 often limited to, me serine-Clean' up periods, there will be less fire risk and therefore fewer fires. FARM CENSUS In June of each year, the D0- minion Bureau of Statistics, in co- opcration with the Provincial De- partments of Agriculture, distri- butes cardboard schedules to farm- Ievery year. are great aids to fire d°°-* “°'- mmm that Paid ""i"`°5°"t“' prevention work, for the Proper disposal of rubbish eliminates fuel sharp collector. As a result the United States was able to reducc its war debt by nearly a. thousand mUlion dollars a year, but in the fiscal year ending this month will have a deficit of more than two thousand million dollars. The Empire Marketing Board In Great Britain. through eamest work of propaganda, has achieved the following:More than 1,200 Bri- tish institutions, including scores of Borough and County Councils pirc First" in purchase of supplies. The London County Council is now restricting its purchases ex- cluslvely to Empire goods. British Columbia timber is now being US- ed for harbor works at Belfast. Grimsby, Falmouth and South- ampton, and for housing schemes at Glasgow, Liverpool, London and Coventry. Empire timber, chiefly Canadian grown Douglas fir, have been used exclusively in forty-live out of forty-seven important works undertaken by the London County Council in the past two years. Coming at this particular time the revelations from Washlniltfm which show the extraordinary amount of nepotlsm practiced by Senators and members of the House of Representatives may arouse much public resentment. lt has been shown that some of the well paid DOIWCVIUS haw Put their wives, their sons and daugh- ters, and in two Ur thl'€€ C5-S95 their mothers on the public DRY' roll. They figure as secretaries, but most of them rarely appear in ||0TES BY ,THE WAY While Groot Britain which bore the brunt of the war, wiped out of-l' is ' 3' Ulm Qobp of _ Quurs .u-rannlcrns s'rn.r. s num.: au.smN'r There are 20,000 deaths every year in the United States lions due to peritonitis following appendi¢|- tis. when you think of how much more is known now about appendi- citis and its dangers than ever be- fore, it is hard to understand why so many valuable lives should bs are now following the rule “Em- mt' At least one half of all these patients that die were given a pur- gative before they went to the hospital. It is not to be wondered at there- fore that s surgeon likes to get a case during the first 36 hours, as he can feel reasonably certain that ne will not have to fight peritonitis, which is a general inflammation of the lining of the abdomen near the appendix. Dr. Carl E. Black, Jacksonville, Ill., gathered the records of ap- pendicltls from 150 hospitals, cum- promlslng the work of lauu sur- geons with 83,l44 cases. What were the results in this very large number of cases? The death rate for all cases was about 4 in 100. In early or acute cases the death rate was about 5 in 100, and in old or chronic cases it was about 1 in 100. In -cases that showed pus formation it was about 10 in 100. In cases of peritonitis it was 21 in 100. Dr. H. L. Foss, Danville, Pa., in a study of 1000 cases of acute ap- pendicitis, says that the average length of time between the onset of The _Ottawa _ (ev sm lnwutp if Conference I _ DAVSON, BT.) I 1141 ‘ . III We are still foul' IIIDDUIS Off ottawa. but that is a vor! little t‘rns for the industries on each side tg oomg to preliminary under# ptmdings and agreements of this’ nsturc. if time nezotiai-iam wmof be wmpletgd ln l'.lmB, it LS p&sl\7l8 that discuuions can bo carried on at the Conference itself. One can, however, scarcely h0l>6 limi' th¢I`¢i will be full reprssentafon of all the industries ooncerned, and it may therefore be that they will have to ! be carried on after the Conference. I or in other words, that work will: be left over to be done after the' conference and before our hopes, of inter-Imper’a1 trade can be ful- ly realized. This may be somewhat‘ of a disappointment to those who expect that the Conference will. meet together and after a few weeks, of discussion produce a out-and-_ dried scheme oi’ Imperfal oo-opera-‘ tion, but if the results are confined to an agreement on principles and the creation of a framework to which these bilateral industrial agreements will be fitted later on,' I would ask you to remember that this is a tremendous advance ony anything previously done. These points lead on naturally to a further matter, that is, the need of a body which will serve as a link between these triennlal Conferences.` You have heard of suggestions forl the formation of an Imperial' Secretariat which have been put forward from various quarters' This subject was discussed at the last Conference, and although in theory the need of something of the kind is obvious, a good deal of doubt was felt as to the constitu- tion and function of such a body,, due to a disinclination on the part 1 ll t'ng motion he is prosecuted: if he be a rn for the purpose C oo ec! fordgner’ deported The great Strike statistics of acreage under crop and of 1928, so well handled by the the number or 1'” swck and paul' Baldwin Govemment. resulted initfy °" farms' A“ inn°‘mU°n of the general recognition by inc,‘19S1 extended this Survey to °°‘/f'-f Trades Unions, as well as by thefthe b\'€@d1UK and marketing mten’ M1131- dmzem, that 1; 1, Rpeimon oflitlons with regard to live stock. In gh” dmger was 1,0 be ,1-,-Oidediall of the provinces, except Br'tish ,mm must be taken immod1aie1y,iColumbia, these schedules are dis- u, prevent foreigners ,md,.,~m1n.l1rribi|ted to the farmers through the ing the British constitution by tlieirlrural school teachers. In British propaganda Mficn me fpiim,-ipg1Coluinbla, the cards are mailed veal- was taken against, thc 1-¢p_\direct to the farmers. resentatives of the Soviet Govern-i Tile HCYCHBB Of field H095- in ment, protesting against their 5,19. particular, are the real foundation port, by funds and otherwise, of Of the BUf@9fU'5 Scheme °f agficul' persons, bodies, agencies, or institu- tural production statistics. Only tions "whose aim it was to spread slightly less important in ~ our discontent or foment rebellion innational planning is the necessity nny Dart of the British Empire." At of having correct kI'iowled8€ Of the D later date the Scotland Yard numbers of live stock on farms. Police raided the headquarters ofiThe accuracy of the Burcau‘s com- tll Soviet Trade Delegation mipilatfons in both these classes is lnndon and discovered incriminat-,largely dependent upon the obtain- hl doomnents which showed thatilng of completed cards from a. fair Ile Communists were paying aglta- sample of the total number of lots to bring about revolution ln§Canadian farms. the British Empire. The conse-i gizmos was that the British Govern- mdlrl broke off relations With the Bidet Government and ordered* their trade delegation and rep-I “”n'°°tiV“ °“i' of the COUNTY- OH Dominion Agrostologlst, Depart- 557 29%!! 192'! 31° 1*/i‘GCK€IiZf€ Kills ‘ment of Agriculture, Ottawa, points °UY¢i'Bm¢U¥ Gi’ CB-Tiilda D\lbiiSi'i€d.out that this is a case in wh’ch Eh d°°4‘W~”l\ W f°11°W the lead Ofithe merit system always works per th’ 1101110 K0V¢mmC‘I1i- and Solfectly. "Before a. hay or pasture notified tho Soviet Trade Delega- Hon in Montreal. In consequence iss delegation immediately left for Moscow and trade with Russia has llnoe been officially discontinued. Bit while the official organization of the Soviet Government in Can- ada was thus officially turned»out_ tho Soviets have been carrying oni vrvpazanda indirectly through in-' MERIT SYSTEM WORKS Discuss‘ng the development of hay and pasture crops L. E. Kirk, crop can ever become widely used," he states “It must be able to pro- duce a satisfactory yield of hay or spnsture and plenty of g00d seed; it must have good feeding quality and be able fo res`st disease and com- pete with weeds. It must also be winter-hardy, drough resistant in some areas, and able to mature seed in our comparatively short grow- ‘tive last June, he reported that the iividuals and organisations to such an extent that there has been an alarming growth of Communism, specially in the West. Under these ing season. Not only do crops differ in thsee respects but some varieties of the same crop are much more satisfactory than others." circumstances neither the British Government nor the Canadian UNEMPLOYMENT Clovemment deserve to be adversely! __ criticised for taking such action asf A fact Whmh "mst "~PP°“1 t0 “ii may deem necessary ,D prevent meithlnking Canadians at the present 51.11551, 111,111,116 1mm becoming ,,‘time is noted by Mr. William H. .wand conmnmymc Russm iMinor, retiring president of the _ _ |Canadian Manufacturers' Associa- tion, in his report at the annual FIRE PREVENTION general meeting of that organiza- tion at Ottawa' last week, After re- The As“°°hm°n M Canadian Fire vicwin the effects of g . the world- M5!`5h“i5» 3'- their annum f°“Ven' wide dcpresslon, Mr. Miner said: tion in Ottawa last week, expressed the opinion that thc occurrence ofi some thirty-five thousand dwelling; fires ln Canada in 1931 indicates' ,, condition of widcsprcad ncgli-i gciicc. With this vii-”W. SBY5 im; Montreal Gazette, there will be general agreement. The Dfimlnal' Canadian cities are no doubt highly organized and efficient for fire- fighting. What the country needs ww, 3 betta' organization amongst] "It is certain that, had it not been for the measures providcd by the Dom`nion Government in thc form of increased customs tariffs and proper and accurate customs appraisals, and the strict enforcement of dumping regulations, the number of un- employed in Canada would have been much greater during the past two winters than it was. Goods from the Un'ted states, Europe, and Asia, would have been poured into this market in a great flood. without considera- tion ol production costs" is carried on by underlings on small pay, who have no political influence, and little hope of ad- vancement. Undoubtedly some of the Congressmen have nothing but their salaries, which do little more than meet their expenses in Washington. There is some ex- cuse for their providing for their relatives, although the excuses may ,not be congenial to some of the workers back home who, perhaps. had expected the jobs for them- selves. The Conference called to meet at Lausanne on Thursday is due to Germany's definit: announce- ment that she can pay HU 1110112 unconditional reparations. The nations have virtually agreed that Germany cannot continue pay- ments under present conditions, and as the German payments have supplied most of the money which the Allied powers have pnld to each other nucl to the United States on war loans, they must now formulate some new procedure. When President Hoover asked Congress to ratify the one year moratorium declared cnhisinitia- funded indebtedness of fifteen na- fuons to the United states totalled $il,279,901,000. Roughly, 90 per- cent of these loans for war and irc-construction purposes went to England. France and Italy. President Hoover says it is an illusion to suppose that the nation can squander itself into prosperity. But it is also an illusion to suppose that a nation can hoard itself out of depression.-Mail and Empire. The week-end action 0! the United States Congress in agree- ing to the ‘billion-dollar taxation bill which is expected to balance the national budget, has ended the most stupid deadlock Washington has witnessed in many u long. year. The imminencc of the Pre- sidential campaign has made both parties so intent on winning the favor of the electorate that each has overshot the mark and pleas- ed no one. When asked what they wanted in a husband, graduates of an Eastern girls' finishing school, re- plied: “l~lc-alth, good humor, good education. grace, artistic inclina- `tion, good looks, excellence in Out- door sports." We don't like to ap- pear pessimistic, but we have a hunch thcy're going to be an itty- bitty bit disappointed. comments the Border Cities Star. Lord Roschery has offered his villa. the “Villa Rosebery," at Naples lo thc Government of Italy for use as an Italian "Chequers“. and illic offer has been nccepicd by ‘Signer Mussolini. Thc gesture, be- lsldos being a noble one, is calcu- :lated to cnhnncc the friendly rela- ’tions between Great Britain and Washington. while the real work the symptoms and consultation with im- wk country as wen of the D°__ benefit to them. ` Itmgybesaidthstthedolonlel cannot' always raeipreolioi ll WP country can dv. in Kivillk Preferen- ce to the products of the Domin- iiic umm. “"°“' _ ions. 'rint is iarsely true. -racy do 54,000 Miles In Eggs' A notirequlre the primary PFWUW °f cnc ncminicns, unc it is vr°\»b1° that only 1, very small nNr>°rii°D of their requirements in manufac- tured goods could be Obtllmd U0!!! them. 'rue colonies. however. ll- end me last ready purchase the greater P011 01 their needs from the Mother Coun- try, and it rccms to me that you can thus develop u triangular trade, based on the fact that, if this coun- try buys from the Domlnions, and if the Dominions buy !i'0lI\ the 3 Colonies, and if the Colonies bu? from this country you reach the . f same pcsition. so far as the menu- pn-,yinceg ontario lead, in egg pm. duction with a total in 1931 of facturers of this country are con- cemed, as if it were the Dominlons 1 buying from them direct. I should, however, mention that the idea of Dominion-Colonial trade is not I. new one, because there already ex- Canada and the West Indies, which agreement has, I think, been of mutual benefit to both parties, but I am thinking rather of other Do- min’ons where so far t-here are no 1 inter-trading relations, as I feel 1 that action in this dlrect‘on could well be considered. in conclusion. This coming Con- 9 ference must not be considered 1 merely as a. question of each part of the Empire endéavouring to im- prove its own material welfare, but rather we must regard it from A world point of view and consider its repercussions on world condi- tions. There never was a time in the memory of living nian when the world position was darker than atpresent. You find the shadow of international indebtedness hang- Canada in 1931 were placed end to dw brisk work dozen 0838. or s total of 3.442.489,- 9883 Ol' egg-producing hens, saskatchewan was from 5,232,420 hens, and Alberta. was isis the trading agreement between from 4,070,400 hung The £1,051 value of the eggs produced iastl year was $49,206,845, or an average; prince born within thc ccum, price of 1'! cents per dozen, com-*blameless life and fi-cc from pared with 27 cents per dozen ln; judlces, presented to them 1,1 ' l ' bn ' i years, the hens tried to make up for' lation of which is ‘Your Man, this I should only like to add one word in the surgeon is still too great. In this series of 100 cases it was four days. Immediate operation as soon as it is certain that it is really ap- pendicitis, would save thousands of lives every year. It is not the operation that caus- es death, but what is done by the patient and others before he reach- es the hospital; that is medicines to -stop the pain or to purge out whatever is causing, the pain. When we look at the above fig- urcs, and realize that having the physician see the case early, and the physician having the surgeon also see it early, means less than 1 in 100 die under operation, where- as delay may mean as high as 21 in 100, it does seem unwise to “,l'u.st wait and see what will happen." Remember when a pain stays in the one spot for some hours, then shifts down or over to the right lower side and stays there for a few hours, it is very likely due to ap- pendicitis. In the meantime give no food or medicine. i _ -rx /5? 45S” DECAPOLIS From border towns of alien ances- try Did Greek thought drift? Was Plato in the air? For bread did Homer-headed ped- lar spare An Attic vase; tell of weird plety- "Men are as gods"; of strange phil- osophy- “Beauty is goodness, ugliness is sin"? Yes, many a stray Ulysses must have been ii A wanderer in sunny Galilee. = At Nazareth's fountain under twi- light stars, As lolterers lingered with their water-jars, Gay tales of gods Olympian were told. But Jesus shrank back into his own fold- "The Lord my shepherd is, He leadeth 'mel" Faintly their pipes dropped down- ward to the sea. -Gertrude Huntington McGifl’ert, in "Cast in Bronze." ii_¥ cils it ls certain that no great hopes are being built upon this in Europe is such that nothing' nll round is likely to be of any avail, and in the last analysis this diplomatic adventure. 'rho position ,°°°°-“U11 than has been liven to short or a new desi or the can-c1siC°i°nif>» are Nelly the rf=snonsib`l- imin‘ons to build up any organiza- Itlim, possibly with executive powers, which might tend to become ai super-Imperial body. There is there- :fore a reeling that, unless this mot- ter is approached with great de- licacy. there is some danger of creat- ing someth’ng which might spoil ithe whole feeling of these Confer- -ences. Nevertheless, I think it must be accepted, especially now that we, as I hope, shall have reached this era, of industrial understandings, that there should be what I may call a. Clearing House .of Informa- tion for these Conferences. One is reluztant always to contemplate the creation of new bodies, and I sug- gest that there are already in th's country two essentially Imperial bodies already existing, which might quite possibly be adapted for this work, I refer to the Imperial Eco- nomic Committee and the Empire Marketing Board. Both these bodies have concerned themselves entire- ly with the trade and production of the Empire, and I think it possible that one or both of them might be developed for this purpose. I have already referred to the gold standard, and you doubtless are aware that suggestions have been Dut forward as to the Conference dealing with the question of cur- rency from an Imperial point of' vlew. I do not know how far the Conference can progre-Ss in this matter, but Canada has already ex- Dressed its desire to discuss it, and Mr. Stevens, the Miinister of Trade and Commerce. has ma/de a very interesting statement on the sub- iect. It ls therefore probable that a d`scussion will take place as to the Possibility of some effective Em- pire oo-operation in monetary and currency matters. There is another matter to which I now would refer and that is the relationship of the Colonial Empire to the Conference. Our Colonic; and Protectorates have a popula- tion of 50,000,000 people and an an- nual trade of £500,000,000. That Nvresents a very important part of the Empire which has not so far ' been represented, or at least very inadequately, at past Conferences. and it may be argued that it is not s completely Imperial Conference unless that important part of the Empire receives a certain mcogurc of consideration. I hope that at forthcoming Conference this will for the Colonies is 801:18 to attend the Conference, and, judging by the activity ,which he has already dig- played in regard to Colonial mat- ters, I think that there is no doubt that the C0i0l‘liC8 will receive greater consideration on the forthcoming them in the past. As you know, the ity of this country, but nevertheless, it seems to me that the Dominion; means the cancellation of repara- i tions and war debts. The forth- ultimate outcome of this referen- ii it broadly recognizes one inc sum of such crucial moment, not 'susan sisai, vesetable oil. and so THE 2 Lausanne Conference is likely to only to the Fatherland, but to the forth. If the Domlnions, in consider- » ‘fum out nn inept gesture devoid broadest sweep of political and ing the ¢luest'on, Di Preferences, I4!! Great George Street . *TMIIWKY Y ‘of any positive results, and in the economic relations throughout the would apply these to the Colonies, _ milli-iilllcit* nl conflicting coun- world will be eagerly awaited. it would undoubtedly be of gmsti can help considerably in further- ing their welfare. The Colonies pro Domlnions, suoh as tea, coffee tcn°itory-may it not mean that gradually the benefit may extend world? I believe then that, if this first step in starting the wheels of industry again throughout the world. thus bringing it back to the happier conditions which lt former- ‘2ocWo1npole’s ' be changed. The Secretary of Stair ~ _ '~"_~ gn muy, which in tum is hciprui if coming German elections tum up- 'dave a great variety of tropical ° ° _ _ world pence. on this point primarily and the 'products which are used by the 'S P” SWU ing over it, countries unable to meet their l‘ab1lities, and some of them ' practically insolvent. You find mil- lions of unemployed spread throughout all countries, people un- able t_o buy and to consume, while the only immediate remedy beems to be to reduce production according- ly. This creates more unemploy- ment, further limits consumption, calling for further curtailmeht of production, and thus going on in an ever-continuing vicious circle. In some parts international tra/de has almost ceased, and one cannot see what is being done to improve con- ditions. It is true ‘that intemation-‘ al conferences are called and post- I poned and called again, but we see very little genuine united inter- national effort to get out of the slough of despond into which the. world has sunk. But in this darkness there is one ray of light and that is the British 1 most other countries, but think what may be the outcome of the Empire. I believe that even now the S Empire is in a better position than _ The Prince’a NE, Mane 0,111' ( heater A°°mdinU in tht the historical cpimd, whim fU!'m the main anmtuon u* Olympia. the prim of 1 Motto, "rch nun-~ 1. ,wt dm from the German --1 sen" from broken Welsh -iyum' The pageant tous 0111,, bn the first Prlnoe of wal” md, , the title came into sem ‘ ,over 54,800 miles. Among the The following 15,116 mum 9C\'|l'fU0n of the episode: .. .loved at the news for the him, son), Edward the First hu Caemarvon, where, the legend us. he assembled certain M an e if (Canada WeekbyWesk) Iftho eggslsld bythe hensof they would go round the globe than twice. Canadian hens year paid no heed to talk of resslon but carried on more ly than ever before with their and as a ,result laid 288,082,447 64. Worked out in mileage these laid end to end would extend 16,562,567 dozen from 13,505,910 second with 42,602,284 dozen Welsh chieftains who had ci for B native pi-incc, and an 09iV1!\K fl'0m them :ui expr,-S; their willingness to ,._,,1,mn third with 34,454,408 dozen 930 931 While the price was lower in fant son, exclaiming 1,, than it has been for severall Welsh, Eich Dyn, me wbal, by running their average up m 112 compared with an average of , "To build a great nation 0,, 5 in 1930 and an average of 78 in terests of all groups in every 921. must be consldcr¢~