bbls cts ell. EXAMINER. OCTOBER 10, 189] 5: ~ Mivw b ka AJ fh au 4 Our Horses. 2. Tie fame of this Province as a breeding sound for horses must be enhanced as a 600 b-1t of the exhibition of yesterday. Num- 120 a strangers the horse- and we heard many exclamations of By sase and deligut. The quality of the 121 caste horses shown was unquestionably = ~ This is, undoubtedly, a result 2 Uhe impetas which has, in recent years, meen given to the breeding of standard- i gred stoek. The success which has attended the efforts of our farmers in this direction ought to move those who give their atten- tion to draft horses to be equally careful tp the selection of sires and dams, to tire end that they, too, may have animals of the highest types. A of money has been brought to this Province by means of horses ; and it will pay us to breed the best in every class. The judges of the carriage classes were uastinted in their praise of the horses exhibited here. In thege classes our people are, they rd- mit, the equal of the wide-awake Yankee. Let us endeavor to be equalty successful in respect to the other horses. It is as exsy and cheap to keep pure-bred animals of the distinctive breeds as it is to have mungrels, surrounded pat , } great deal .—es oe. —————_—_ Our Cattle. Tue remarks which have been made as to horses are even more applicable to our Our farmers should be more care- Those cattle. ful than they are to breed the best. who take pains to have distinctive breeds of cattle are very few. All honor to far- mers who, like Mr. E. R. Brow and the Hon. Donald Ferguson, have imported and bred pure-bred animals in their several lines. These men shculd be encouraged, and their numbers should be largely in- creased. En passant it may be stated that Mr. McQueen, of the Brittsh Farmers’ delegation, was greatly pleased with the thrifty appearance of Mr. Ferguson's herd of Galloways, and said that as a result of his observation here, he had arrived at the conclusion that the ,Galloways, for beef cattle, are more suitable to this Province than the Shorthorns. However this may be, there is needed here a revolution in the methods of breeding eattle by the ordi- nary farmers of the Province, and we trust that it willsoon be accomplished. Hunts and mongrels are neither creditable nor prefitable. 2+ - Drunkenness in the Town. > Ivy the Exhibition had extended over on!y | two days—as informer years—there would | have been no cause whatever for complaint on the score of drunkenness in Charlotte- town. The fourth and last day, was not marked bydrunkenness in excess of that which was prevalent on exhibition days in Seott Act times. But the third day—the rainy day—was not so good, Thousands of the people were in the town, and all who were not on the exhibition grounds were compelled to seek shelter. For this the only places available to the pubiic at large were our excellent hotels and our numerous ** Free Rum” grogyerries. There was nothing to be done, aud there were no places of resort where temperance drinks only and good tare were provided. So that men from the country, who could not get into the hotels, were literally forced to go into the way of temptation to get drunk. It speaks well for the self-re- straint of the people, that, under such cir- cumatances, drunkenness in the town was not more prevalent. Credit is due the police, who were on the alert and active in the ap- prehension of those whowere inclined to be violent as well as those who were incspable. But it is becoming more and more evident that the true means of securing public sobriety lies in the inculeation of temper- ance principles. An increasing nuxnber of our people are finding out that it is not only wrong but silly to use stimulants, ~- except in cases of illness. While it is to be .regretted thaty there are still so many fools in the towr and country—men who put’ am enenty into their mouths to steal away their brains—we have much to hepe from the enlightenment of the people in regard to the injurious effects of the misuse of alcohol. It is a pity that our pulpits and our schools are not promoters of temper- ance principles. We note with pleasure that the Teachers’ Institute have discussed the subject; and hope that the discussion will be followed by action on the part of the Board of Education and the teachers. —At the closing (public) meeting of the Teachers’, Institute, held last evening, there were excellent choruses and glees by the girls of Prince Street School, and cap- ital addresses by Rev. James Carruthers, Rev. David Sutherland, Mr. Keily and the Rev, Mr. Dickie. Mayor Haviland pre- sided. We shall try to give summary re- ports of the addresses in early issues of THE EXAMINER. too, Ir Comes Hieu.—A Lewiston gentleman while driving in the country this week wanted water for his horse, and as ail the watering places were dry, drove up and ed a farmer forit. He gota bucketful by paying fifty cents for it and the farmer said in explanation, that all the water they had was brought. 4 Jong distance, labor- iously by hand, and that it cost him nearly that amount in time and hard work to get it. Water at 50 cents a bucket in Maine is a nove'ty. Ak. SIEM. som THE DAILY EXAMINER, Teachers Provincial Institute, The Annual Meeting (¥IRST SESSION—CONTINUED.) Mr. R. H. Campbell, Secretary, read the minutes of the annual meeting of the Insti- tute held in October, 1890. He then an- nounced that a copy of the resolution oassed at that meeting, respecting the late D. Montgomery, Esq , had been sent to Mrs. Montgomery, and her reply thereto duly received. Said reply, thanking the [nscitute for the kindness rendered, was then read. The minutes were adopted. COMMITTEES APPOINTED. On motion the following Committees were appointed :— Committee to Report on the President's Opening Address—Messrs, McSwain, Dun- can, Miss McKinnon, Miss McNeill, Mr. Seaman. On Credentiala—Messrs. R. H. Camp- bell, Chas. W. Kiely, J. W. Young. On Business—Messre. J, D. Seaman, Neil McLeod, George E. Robinson, Miss McCallum, Miss Scott. Oa Nowination of Officers—Messrs. Me- Swain, Miller, Glover, Miss Conroy, Miss Currie. Auditing Committee—Mr. Howlett, Mr. Shaw. PHYSIOLOGY, Miss C. C. Snaddon then gave a lesson in Physiology to a class of fifteen of her pupils, which was most favorably commented upon by the teachers, It was illustrated by ex- cellent diagrams—a skull and the other bones of the human skeleton, all kindly lent for the occasion by a city physician. Miss Snaddon strongly recommended that Physiology be included by the teachers in their lessons to their pupils. A thorough description of the bonee of the human body and of their various uses was given. The thanks of the Institute were ten- dered Miss Snaddon for this excellent lesson. ** YOUTH VS. GOOD LITERATURES.” Mr. R. H. Campbell read a paper written by Mr. Stephen G, Clow, s n of Hon. James Clow, of Murray Harbor, on the above subject, a summary of which is as follows: Almost every juvenile stands in a peculiar and well-defined relation to classic literature. He does not love it; he does not admire it; he will not of his own free will take it to his heart in gladness. How to inspire an affection for it within him is one of the most puzzling problems that besets our educators, ons of the problems most vital to a boy’s future happiness, and one of the problems, we may remark, to- ward whose solutiou we can think of scarcely a single suggestion. My intention in thus coming before the Teachers’ Association is to offer a few com- iments on the general question, and on the most appropriate books for youth, The school-master has it in his power to wield the finest corrective influences over a boy’s studies. Nota few teachers, how- ever, Mounder in the greatest error in deal- ing with this matter. They frequently inistake the text-books for true. literature. It is cruel that a boy should be scared away from the great masterpieces which are the glory of our age. It is high time to reetify this mistake. Mr. Gage, ot all men, seems deserving of praise for the magni- ticent readers which he has sup- plied for the use of the schools of Canada These readers contain extracts from the English classics, and will be bigh- ly appreciated by the youth of our country. It is by such text-books that our youth will be attracted to the best productions iu our language—productions which will be the means of consigning the dime novel to eter- nal oblivion. In fact, English fiction has in its whole compass not over a dezan works that can improve or eunoble the reader. For Dickens and Scott we have ro appreciation. The former paints a side of human character with which a boy should not become acquainted; the latter has been accused of maligning some of the noblest men in Scottish History, and some of the most precious rules of morality. Should such works be placed im the hands of our youth ? Surely not. The best agency for winuing our young people from the reading of trashy litera- ture lies in the establishment of a geod school library. The cost is small, but the value received is incalculable; and the poor as well as the rich receive the benefirc. With respect to the works which should be selected for such a library, I have a word to offer. Style as well as matter should receive due attention. ‘* To me,” says Lord Macaulay, “‘a book that is not entertaining stands shorn of the highest of all recommendations.” It would be foolish to present Carlyle and Emerson to a boy of twelve years. Give him something which will win him from all yellow-covered literature. Place in his hands the splendid writings of Macaulay, which are always fascinating and enraptur- ing. Give him, also, the works of Ruskin and Charles Lamb. After he has read these, give him Goldsmith and Samuvl Johnson. The department of poetry must not be forgotten. It must be remembered that poetry, in general, is not relished by juven- iles, and forthem we are now speaking. For the present, put Shakespeare, Milton and Browning aside, and supply works more simple and easily understood, which are calculated to fill a boy with pleasure. Mr. Seaman, from the Business Committee, submitted a repert, which recommended that the qnestion: ‘What can the schools do to encourage the reading of good literature ?” be now taken up and discussed. Also, that, a committee of nine be appointed to report to the convention the portion of the Sixth Reader which they would consider sufficient to form the literature for admission to Prince of Wales College and Normal School. Also, the portion of Evangeline which would be sufficient for study. Report adopted. The following were appointed a committee in accordance with the above report, to report on said matter; viz., Messrs. Seaman, Kielly, Ives; Miss Sellers; Messrs. Geo. EK. Robinson, N. McLeod, L. Miller, J. Me- Swain, and J. Daly. The institute then adjourned, to meet at 2.30 p. m. AFTERNOON SESSION. Fripay, Oct. 8. The president in the chair. SCIENTIFIC TEMPERANCE. Rev. Mr. Hamilton read a paper written by Mrs, Phillips, of Fredericton, N. B , on | the above subject, the author not being present. The following is a synopsis : | What is scientific temperance? It em- bodies the reasons for total abstinence, drinks and other nareetics, and from their effects upon the human system, To com- prebend how alcohvlic drinks injure the physiology. Let us note the effects of alcohol upon the cireulatory system, more particularly upon the heart. Over 5,000 ounces of blood are pumped over the body by the heart in 24 hougs. This work is equal to raising a weight of over 116 tons one fovt, But if a man take into his blood a portion of alcohol, the heart at once beats more quickly. If the quantity taken be four fluid ounces in twenty-four hours, the num- ber of hear-beats will be increased from 100,000 to 112,226. Ifa greater quantity is taken, the number will be proportion- ately increased, But some may say that a less quantity will not be injurious. Sup- pose, thes, the case of a per- son who takes only two ounces daily. This will increase the heart-beats to 6,000 extra in 24 hours, which means lifting seven tons one foot high, This is equal to lifting 7 vunces 35,840 times to the height of one fuot each time. This labor would be so great that in « few hours the hand would fail altogether. How, then, must the heart be wearied by the extra work? It is true that the heart is auto- matic in its action, but it feels none the less the effects of the stimulus. Being an organ which fills itself with blood, it is the first to suffer from irregular supplies. Nutrition is lessened, the organ is enlarged in size, and calls for more stimulus. Its orifices are dilated, or stretched; its minute chords are elongated, and the walls of the ventricles thickened. Its in-mbranes are thickened and rendered cartiilganous and bony. The valves lose their suppleness and = valyu- lar disease results. The large blood ves- sels are similarly changed and lose power to feed the heart. The muscular structure of the heart also-fails and becomes filled with fatty cells. Heart failure ensues ; svon the organ can bear no more, and death takes place. These are some of the reasvus why all should be total abstainers. Thiity- five of the forty-four States, and all of the Territories of the American Republic have passed scientific instruction laws, «od authorized the text books revised and endorsed by the National W. C. T. U., 80 that 12,000,000 children in the United States are provided by law with this instruction. And why = should they be fortified against the evils of strong drink more than Cauadian children ? Our children are as much to us as are any children to their parents, and we cherish for them as bright hopes and high aspira- tions. We covet advantages for them equal to the best. Thisisa laudable am- bition. We are glad to know, however, that the provinces are meving in this direc- tion. In Quebec, the study of scientific temperance is compulsory in all Protes- tant schools. Teachers and scholars must pass examinations on this aubject, and the Pathfinder Series is prescribed for use in their schools. In Ontario 150,000 chitdrén are being taught in this subj ct. New Brunswick has made = scientiie tem- perance instruction cempulsory in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades. We rejoice that it is in contemplation to make this study compulsory in the beautiful ses girt province, and hope that very soun it will have the best law onthe subject that can be framed, and that yourteachers will be in full sympathy with it. Then will the Island reap a rich blessing therefrom. Petitions are in circulation ia Nova Scotia, asking for.similar legislation. It has been estimated that ninety per cent. of the chil- dren who tock the pledge when quite young have remained faithful to their vows. These children will soon be making and enforcing the laws; #90n they will be in charge of the home, asdciety and the state. Ifthey are well drilled in scientific temperance, prohibition will soon come to stay. We hope to have it before that date, and we may, but we will have it then, and enforce it too. It will pay to elucate the children in scientific temperance. A number of voters in the Province of Quebec discussed the temperance outlook, and agreed that they would never have temperance men to represent them in Parliament. A little Band of Hope boy heard them, and springing to his feet, he exclaimed: ‘*You will, ok you will when the boys are men.” Life has been given us for a grand purpose; and we are required by our great Creator to make the best use of it,—to use it for His honor aad giery. Yet thousands are wastiug it by the use of atrong drink. The uve of alcohol does not iuvolve a question of p ofis and less; it is al loas, loss et mortal life and of life im- motel. The wonder is, that scientifis men familiar with ali these facts, have not, lodg ago, sounded the alarm. Weare just learniog the alphabet of these great truti«, but we have spelled ont the words: ‘* Danger threatens the ehildren,” and we hoist the signal fi.g, and wire the words of waruing all along the line. We petition all in suth- oritys we entrea, parents and teachers, school trastees and ministere, to unite in securing a thorough temperance education for all the children of these provioces. (tireat applauee. ) : Religious Services. St. Paul’ss@hurch.—Services to-morrow as follows: Holy Communion at 830 a m; Morning Prayer and Se:imon at 11 a m; Evening Prayer and Sermon at 7 p mn. St. Peter’s Charch.—The Harvest Festiva! services to-morrow wi!l be as followa: Holy Commanion at 8 am; Morning Prayer at 10.15; Choral Celebration ef the Holy Eucharist and Sermov at llam; Children’s Fruit and Flower Service at 315 pm; Even- song and Sermon at 7 pn. The offertory at each ser vice will be for the poor fund. Remember the Goeepel Meeting Sunday afternoon in McLeod's Hall at four o'clock, conducted by the railway men. Strangers always welcome. Leseen: Galatians 6 14, “God forbid that 1 should glory, save in the cross ef our Lord Jesus Christ,” Zion Church,—Services to morrow will be couducted by the Rev David Sutherland, pastor, in the morning ‘at 1) o'clock, and in the evening at 7 o'clock. Morning prayer meeting at 10.15. Sabbath School and Bible classes will meet at 2.30 p m. Kensington Hall, Edward Street. —Sun School and Bible class at 2.30. In the sein, at 7 o'clock, Evangelist Sutcliffe will give an address. Subject: “‘Hide and Seek.” The duet ‘Rock of Ages,” will be repeated by request. Every body come and sing God's songs twenty minutes before meeting. Song service at 6.40; meeting at 7. John McLeod & Co. are fine stock of gents furnishings, ‘hae, shings. Call and see o5 lw derived from a knowledge of alcoholic | human Lody necessitates a knowledge of PROVINCIAL EXHIBITION Last of ive Prize List, CARRIAGE HORSES, NOT NECESSARILY STANDARD-BRED. Carriage Stallion, 4 years old and a 9 - wards—1, C L Strickland, city; Heartz, do; 3, John Rodd, Milton. donald, Vernon River; 2, Jas Crowley, Malpeque; 3, Donald Campbell, Johnson's River. Carriage Cult, 2 years old—1l, Barrett Henderson, North River; 2, Philip Hughes, Mill Cove; 3, Thos Tremere, North Wult- shire. Carriage Colt, 1 year old—1, Richd Hen-' derson, Kingston, Lot 31; 2, Thos KE Col- lins, North River; 3, Thos Cassford, Brack- ley Point Road. Carriage Filly, 3 years old—-1, G M Reid, | S’side; 2, Daniel McKenzie, West Royalty; | 3, John Stanlake, city. Carriage Filly, 2 years old—I1, Allan Stewart, city; 2, B Heartz, do; 3, Henry Horne, do. Carriage Filly, 1 year old—1, James A Dockendortf,. No-th Kiver; 2, R Hender- son, Kingston, Lot 31; 3, Peter Trainor, South Wiltsbire. Carriage Foa!—1, Chas Dockendorf, North River; 2, Wm F Dockendorff, do; 3, Benj Heartz, city. Carriage Mare, with foal at foot—1, Geo J Wright, city; 2, Allan McPhee, North River; 3, Chas Dockendorff, do. Pair Matched Doving Geldings or Mares, shown in carrizg, not less than 15} hands high—1, J J Davies, city; 2, James A Me- Millan, Brackley Point Koad. Carriage Mare or Gelding, to be" shown in carriage on track—1, Alex Kennedy, Southport; 2, Danie? McKenz e, West Roy- alty; 3, Ben} Rogers, city Roadster cr Trotting Stallion, 3 years old or vider, and under 16 hands—1, Ben} Heartz, city; 2, D H Martin, Brackley Point Road; 3, William Miller, St Peter's Road. THE RACES. As the result of a failure on the part of our means of communication between the Trotting Park and the office, faz ExXaMINner’s report of the third heat in the stallion race and the heats in the 2.40 class were omitted. The consequence was that, though the results as given were correct, a wrong impression was conveyed. Lady Pilot won the second heat in the 2.40 class in 2 304, not 2.37,which was the time of the last heat. Again, Elmo's time in the last heat of the stallion race was officially given as 2.33, instead of 2.32, as stated by THE Examrner. It isadmitted that the day’s sport was excellent, notwithstanding the delays on accouut of the judging of car- riage horses. Everyone was pleased. A GOOD ONE, When judging the draught horses, the judges enquired «i the man attending the colt by Lucky Lad, owned by Mr. H. M. McLeod, whether «or not it was imported. They were eurprirod af the production of so five an anima! nu this Province, and said that it might be successfully exhibited in Great Britain. THE MASSEY-HARRIS EXMIBIT.. One of the many attractions at our ex- hibition was excellent display of imp’e- iments manufactured especially for this fair by the above firm. The exhibit consisted of the celebrated Wide Open Brantford Binder, the Brantford mower and reaper, also cultivators, spring touch harrovws, cut- ting boxes, ete. Mr. D. McKenzie, the weli-kuown and justly popular farm imple- ment man, was determined to excel all former exhibits, and had his machines run with steam power, which proved to be a centre of attraction in the implement de- partment. The many carnest enquiries wou'd lead one to suppose that a large trade will be done i. these justly popular machines next year. N less than 275 Brantford binders, reapers and mowers were sould on P. FE. Island, be- sides several orders that cuuld not be filled owing to the Amalgamation of the two firms, (Massey & Harris), the shops having shut down for stuck taking. On the first of this month, both the Toronto and Brantford Works started with a full force of men to supply the ever increasing de- mand for their goods, both in America and Eurvpa, Some idea of the magnitude of their works may be had when we say that the united capital of the two firms exceeds $5,000,000, or the largest farm implement manufactory under the British flag. Mr. McKenzie expressed himself as very grate- fulfor the liberal patronage he has re- ceived from the farmers of P. E. Island in the past twelve years, while acting as agent for the Brantford machine, and be- lieves that he has pleased his many patrons. We had the pleasure of meeting James G. Liddell, who has been doing business on P EK Isiand for the Brantford Works for the past seven weeks and expresses him- self as highly pleased with the people of the Isiand, their hosp.ality beiug un- equalled, OTHER EXHIBITS. Messrs. Alex. Horne & Uo., Messrs Me Kinvon & McLezn, anu others ot this city were aleo extensive exhibitors of machinery for tha farm. T Saksroom, on MONDAY NEXT, at 11 o'clock, a. m. ;— & 50 barrels Apples and Onions. R. BEAIRSTv, octlO Auctioneer, ENGINE FOR SALE. \ E will sell cheap the Engine now in _¥¥ use in our Factory, 3 we are replac- ing it wich a larger one, In first-class order, showing a very | Mtv be seen running for a few days. Terms easy. A. DUCHEMIN & CO. ° Charlottetown, 0.t. 3, 189) —3i A Few More Notes. Carriage Colt, 3 yearsold—1, Jos Mac- ee ee ee OCTOBER 10 1891. ’ fr ci se LEA A SPHCIALTY as Ssitinaincinieiial —— . —_———— ~ —_—— ————___ cyt | se +e aay © QUALITY We invite everyone to ¢ e low & : fall and Joe se see our New Stock of Furs, No trou}; pian THE has been spared to procure THE a ie , VERY GOODS MAD in ir rr aaa PERSIAN pe | THAT sBSTAN LAMB, pruce 6 BEAVER, a Bi OTTER, “a a + ‘ OBTAINED. ASTRAKAN, ce eee 0 SOUTH SEA §S ane VARIETY — -. | THE K ete, ete, pili LARGEST KB Mn = —— eo R a HAVE Divs * olor ~ | Beer Bros, | : SHOWN. KR ee ae iaideiabidas: sasnaumiiniatiiasi . Ss PRICES ae — a wevttnigas les ae { . ing “ €) Ladies’ Astrakan Jackets, . SUIT © Ladies’ Corsican Jackets, ins . s ‘ : EVERYONE, Ladies’ Capes and Muffy, 7 Ladies’ Storm Collars, | Aa Ladies’ Caps and Gauntlets, i EVERY Misses’ Mutis and Boas, a Scone? = ‘¢ : Mea’s Coon Cvais, p GUABARTERD Men’s Bulgarian Coats, ei TO BE Men’s Caps and Gauntlets, yen . ‘ } bettie’ Men’s Collars and Cufls, : Sieigh Robes, ala | an Foot Mufis, . | REPRESENTED. Fur ‘Trimmings. by } pammene ——— Pw PA CRESLO NL PRES SO, Se ih ae Ow ‘oe ® s tor The Dominion Building and Loan Association, § “ HEAD OFFICE, 54 ABELAIDE SIRELT, E., TOROXTO, AX anaes fe a : ae iy CAPITAL, - = - - = $10,000,000 g epee x) —--- -———— OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS CHARLOTTETOWN LOCAL BOARD; Lemuel E. Prowse, President; Rob Angus, Vice-President; McLeod, Morson @ Me to Quarrie, Solicitors; Lemuel Phillips, Appraisers; M. P. Hogan, Lowe Broa, - H. W.-Anderson, D. McLean, W. F. Carter, Directors ; U:quhart he and Brow, ecretary-Treasurers. —(x) < Tos Association will be prepared at once to make Loans on Real Estate in this city, and a also to take investments in large or smal! sums in the form of stock in the Association, te which is one of the best paying investments offered. Applications for Loans or Stock my o be made to the Secretary-Treasurers, where ful! information may be obtained, 4 : ; « URQUHART & BROW, © Q Special Agents for P. EB, Inland. 5 OF FICE—Brown’s Block, Charlottetown, P. E. Island. vept24 ; L r i i Ha on smetrapilt st iacich , Our Friends are talking about big REDUCTIONS, but they cannot begin undersell us. Envelopes, 2c. per package of 25; Fool cap, 5c. per quire; see our new le. EX Book; Rosebud Scribbler, best in the minion, 5¢e. each. HASZARD & MOORE, 162 QUEEN SQUARE TREMENIOUS REDUCTION In Every Line During This Week and Next Grand Exhibition Lisplay of Fanoy Croods, INCLUDING Albums, Dressing Cases, Perfume Cases, Mirrors, Photo Frames, nr Writing Decks, luk Stands, Whisk Holders, ete., @%- below (NDOW SHADES, ROOM PAPER and CURTAIN POLES sv x in Town. constant} LOOKS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION axd Siyle of Binding Kept on hand, SCHOOL and COLLEGE BOWS cheaper than the cheaper’ quite _A large assortment of FANCY STAIOMNERY PAPER from 3 ots. per ENVELOPES, 3 cts. per package; FOOLSCAP, 7 ets. per quite. a RE, BAZAAR STOR Ci'town, Sept. 30, 1891—eod & w ky __ARE THE— MADE! iow # scotia —-—(x) a yrreen v otios vo ths Public. Our BEST STOVES Oe VER 50 now in use in’C Satisfaction guaranteed. ME NORTON & © { { Ts subscriber has been awarded the con- tract for carryiag the mails between | Charlottetown and Eldon, and has entered upon the discharge of his daties, 2 enare and parcels carried at reason- 0 , @ble rates. Good horses and comfortable car -? yon a Personal attention. a — “= Orders left at Rocklin House, Kent Streets, ;| _ will be promptly attended to, soc Sept 26. Short’ ot JOHN VISSEY. | fyRACKED OATS, — 7 oct5—dw tf |S Keller Mills. j