OQ'_l'Q§E§_19_»_1_940 i NEWSY NOTES _ ‘Weekly iii... smut 1 B! AGRJOOLA .\ HUMAN FORT 9m, The Guardian pub- Wsfled 11115; "Cai-llsle, SOOI-lfl-Iid. ‘ 3. 1C?) —Workmen con- Qcukung flil‘ raid shelters in the iilliillfils 0f Sunivix have uncovered Sumo-acre Roman fort "dating b,,¢1; 1o ilic second century. This statme-iit made mo rub my ves. The C. P. had evidently for- !‘ (en the reporter's most import- mofto —“Vcrify!" Carlisle is no" 111 Scotland: it is the couniy ,0,{-,1of Cuinbai-land, England. How- wcr 501110 0f the press writers, Even’ in London, still believe that Ivgrythlhg north of latitude 55 de- an, is in Scotland, so we will for- i\'e hie slip. But it is not Sanwix 5",," .119 village is Sianwlx, the 55101191“ ck," constructed ofsquared ‘@115 from tiie Roman Wall. ‘T1... so-ciilieci “iort“ ls by anti- qiiprics termed a "CBmP." but n01- me, 11.19 quite measure up to the on Oct. WOId-il" says a. co nation's fault." w 11, 1 murmur... not ° ‘ commands know her 01' our common ci The unvaccinated children ca ‘ me swag? fixéeséleililu "t3: vacc1n_ triumph of the bacteriologigi/g which cannot be too widely kn THE DEBACLE a skill own. A very ion ti observer in giraffe?» agdéniigggafrlig: lines: "Quand Italic sera can. i: ll“ m iv»- LO ngleterre sans querre, ‘r5 sera be_n1onde sans terre." sovereign wisdom o, by mmentator, "how "i" they Pllt the finger on em, is Britain's her fault, that she this war, and 511,; 011!‘ iymPfithy since we liifierinz is in defence vllization. "byword" with which poison, was forced into When that ‘iii-i N0“ opens was written, it was the custom 1n Itai 111;, Actually the camp was a y to use poison gigiallflil mid fortified village, garris- w Se‘ rid 01' lily underslrsbla ac- O,,,.,1 1,;- Rrman soldiei-y, either It- 011071101100. You did not quai-roi iiiizius or IOPPIQRI levies. Usually such a "vamp" was situated at a mawgic point if it was north of [he Roman Wall, and that at Stan- wix guarded the northern bank of’ the river Eden. The outlines of the camp arc not wiell defined. befall-fie 1r, 1pc iiit-crvciiing centuries all the unyi- sti-ucture has disappeared, bu; i1 was conjectured long ago mat its urea was two acres and a half. The church and the church- yam occupy part of tho site. The workmen. 1n excavating for the sllfilflii have evidently uncovered ilie liiilllfilllUflS of the enclosing walls mid established the fact that the camp measured 580 feet by 700 feet. We always think of a camp u 5, temporary accommodation ivhile the Romans built "for all 1.11110." Nona of the usual inscriptions have boon found nt Stanwix, and so ve are 111 ignorance oi the notional- 11v or number oi its garrison. The pimps or “station! connected with the Wall itself were garrisoned by [mops dniivn from all the subject 111-p inscriptions tell of Moors, spnnini-cis, Gnuls. Frixngi (Frisiaus) |11d many others: but no two ad- olning stations were held by sold- ers of tho same nationality. This prevented collusion in case of re- volt; mid the same cautious reason- lnc foi-lmd-e the employment of local Bi-izim troops. A few pieces of statuary have bee-u found in the area at Stanwix: they are now in the museum at Carilsle. One is a funeral stone, which was dug out of the wall oi the parish church. It has it very couiriiou "ilicmcz" an equestrian figure, iii-med with spear and shield. rides roughshod over a recumbent naked Briton. 'I‘he inscription has i-lshed. but some more modern End has carved below “McMarinP Tim oihcr ls a figure oi a piper set in 11 recess in a block of stone. He wears a long coat. flm-cd from thr- ivaist in the style of a Kilt, an: has the "bag" oi the pipes under his left arm, while both hands fin- ger |. single pipe. Tho Romans w-ere addicted to the use of the bagpipes. and doubtless were the 111-sf 1o introduce its skirl into the Brizish Isles» When the old church at Stanwix was pulled down (about 17901 a winged figure oi victory, holding him to dinner of stomach enlightened now; only doses the castor oil, uncomforta ent effect never outgrown nei- over there the trial pollti on charges treason to little France's debacle, as I sec treason wa of the have noticed, that the Government was chs about every six months; some oftener. The basic sin for the French are now punished a press write erance of stu runs. aiothfui leadership. Th Canadians to military blameworthy: ment fled from the army fai $011‘ wiiiiify. The men were left officers hurried to Paris to avacu- ate their wives and families. Them wcie thousands of brave men and some loyal officers in the French “my. bili- f-hey could do n swp the disintegration simply collapsed. Tho pie are still sound n, iiiey must conform to the ideas of lfhfll‘ Nazi masters: incompetent leaders for years, “i161, against the evil day Wm‘ such ii Person: you invimi and next clay he died 1m -a.che. That was in olden H. and the Italians are moi-a Sinner Mussolini anti-fascisti which while nearly as ble, has not the perman- of the older treatment. "iihBPPy France, has "trashisonz" y are bringing to clans and military men which basically mean _ the State. There ya‘; "fifth column" work 1:1 it; the l decay Jean. Readers may lug that time, ngol times which , says r, was their long wi- pid, bureaucratic, cor- hopelessly ineffective at is something for reflect upon. The leaders were equally when the Govern- Parls, the heads of led their men, and France s in the politica last ten t look after themselves while the othing to once it set ‘m. headlong rush out of Paris began on June 9th, and no iii. tempt was made to once t0 the tnron ctrotwded the roa s a on was still broadcastin incredible as g' bun played dance stale news. the military order for the remain in ti the senseless exodus, give any guid- gs oi refugees that ds. The Pails radio 1t may appear, it only music or gave out Not until June 13th did authorities issue an poPiilaioin 0f Paris to i9 City. thus ending fifeated, she French peo- heart, though Ri-anoe was not _ their main ault was that they put up “~13, they should have been pi-spu-m; a globe in her hand, was found. m? ggglsfyg, IF?“ “mtnmd ° it is now in the Black Emma Lo, , h. an“ 1n 1370- (‘iate Museum, Newcastle on a|71\h6 mba‘, I.‘ ,“_p°werml “d”! Tyne. Several "Winged Vic- adequac “°,e',,5‘°“°d hm.” m“ m‘ torles" have been dug up in the “c! ° 1,,“ ma", ‘miller! 011d various parts of England, nearly all brouflnnfgmg £9 , Wig-Lifg h 80:10‘: holding globes to signify that the Hfillllliil were masters of the known word. Czirlisla was originally a station 111 1hr Roman Wall, culled Lugu- vsilliuin. The first syllable ls taken o be the name of an ancient Brit- sh god, which in the Celtic means he "shining one"-reinted to 1h| ntin iux meaning light, and the of-k lcucos, ivhlie: a sort. of ‘liccbus Apollo. A village had been 1.1111011 for him, and the Romans. s their custom was, retained the ame. adding "vailium" meaning he‘ Wall. When the Romans ab- noonod Britain. the Britons pre- xcd the ivoi-d Coer, a fort. to the ‘omnu 11.11110 mid shoi-tciimi it. It cvmuo (‘ncr-lus-ll, mid 111 modern lllt‘5 Cai-lislc (pronounced Car- iei. lt 1s thus the only English f1‘ lihat I know of) which is Nilmicci to n pagan deity. ‘AIEASLIIS VACCINE .\ii~.-1..ics, it has bccn nsrci-tulucd mmicvn times, 1s a vii-us disease. 18L is. 11's caused by an organism _r1 1111111110 to be set-n by the isroscopc. Formerly 11. was con- Ifltd a trifling disc-use of child- fmi i111d I have known miner's vvs dclibci-ntcly expose their c1111- cu to liifcrtoiu 011 tho supposition at since every child must fake 1t. was bctlcr to get it over nnd ‘no with. They were almost correct 1111-11- supposition: for nbout 98 1.1-1 (‘\‘(‘l'_V hundred children are 10011111111‘ to the disease. and the or 111 life that". they take l1. the irs!‘ it is. But tiic couscqucziccs i.\' he serious: bi-onchopurumonia. “midiils. cur infections. and 9Y0 iiiblcs may- -fol-low~-~1n—-l+s— train. 1' 1111s nothing 1o do with ii. for - Wl'llif‘l' had measles when he v ic-vvutcon, and a woman in - community over sixty devdoped ‘(T910 case of it. At the present l!‘ xe 11 ls a mr-uacc, for many y. iii-ought up 1n the country. ‘M00. have not 11nd it nor acquir- Fi natural immunity: and Whfn ii‘ fifuirrcgutc into army campi- .\‘ readily fall victims. I i! flood. therefore. I a successful mcasH-s vaccine i rcccutly boon u-orkcd nu‘. by 1- Jcsuih Sick-cs .11., of the uni- sitv of Pennsylvania's medical f"! and Gcoffi-cy William Rake ii“ 81111151. 1115111111»: for Medi- P?'i‘*r?i1. Wc 'ilCf‘"I not concern "iy-"s u-izh 11s preparation, 9X- ? i0 1101c that its source is the We virus dcrivcd from the blood iivfcnt w-a-hipizs of measles 11:1- is. But all will be inier-rsted to ‘i1 that two groups of children ‘e used in the final iesfs. the "will! was vaccinated, the 0th.- iiiii- Lat-er both groups were rulaied with the active virus. to learn a book worth reading something to be learned sim- I find. and here are a few hints that I have picked and there. 11 tiiirty inch 5 wire may be of a problem; m ‘i101? iwi-Ivc. and weilfinsul the heavy fleece. Accoi-dmgi WIFC IOXICC I5 118605581)", (ll bed wire must be used, so points may get down thro control pigs, 5 MORE ABOUT ELECTRZQ FENCES Tho electric fence is he 1 . there is no doubt of 1.1m" to a fly’ t. There is about ft _ _ up here A 5111818 wire. pi-opei-iv t the post and p1,, w. es from the ground, “111 s and cows. Plain wii-c do in this case, though barbed used. Sheep are more 0y are smaller, ated” by y a. two- e spacing and bar- that the ugh the wire will _ but their size Will do- iei-iuine the height of 1i1e fence, After a fortnight‘; run {In} 1mm may be run intermittently for cat- tiegv the writer would suggest two days ‘Test’ and two days run, and o on. This would save the bakery. Cows do not seem to have as good memories as horses have, and ex- isulated a top horse will to be determined by trial; tlcwce to the skin. One perience shows that if the current is out off for a week, they may furset and blunder against the wire and finding it dead, will go under t. In a farm paper I read that one! Herbert Miller of Huron County, Ontario, is.so well pleased with the work of his electric fence, that 11c has taken out all his cross fences. so that he can vary the size of his fields at pleasure. When he pas- tures..oattlo..aione, houses-the onc- wire fence; for cattle and hogs to- gether he uses two wires. "Live stock," he says, “have more respect for a. single electrified wire than for s woven wire-fence." His line and road fences are of woven wire —not electrified, RE FISHES. (l) The Fishes constitute the second division of the cold-blooded Verte- braes. the first being the Reptiles. (Vertebrates. I "my Niiiiiiii my younger readers, are "N156 animals which possess a backbone.) As Fishes are the (sly vcrtebi-aied animals that are fitted to live r11- tirely in water, all the pecuiiarif. of their structure have reference this mode of life. Let us consise. their structural make-up. First. all animals must breathe in order i0 live: we recogutse thia- by talking of the "breath of life." ThLs is true of fishes as of other animals: only the fish breathes sir mmgied with water. and this ‘s gggily proved. n s m1. be rut hi» sllfl MI SUMMARY OTTAWA. Oct. 10--'I1Z1ere was "w 111-tie ciwnse in the live stock market situation d the past |week_a.nd racticaliy no dsturbance of prices, he cattle market, at, the lmoment, is very 5U506ptlb1e to sup- ply and any overloading immed- liaiely results 111 reduced values. Of- ,fering_s this week. however, were sufficiently moderate to be ab. sorbed by the trade without iruur- iIiiZ the price structure. Calves sold steady to firm with the exception oi one or two minor price adjust- ments, the hog market was un- mltanged. Lambs were_steady i0 a little stronger, particularly in Al- berta Fasten: Cattle Marketa Cattle prices showed little change at TORONTO and choice weighty steers sold at $8.25 to $8.35. Butcher steers and heifers ranged up to $7.75 and a few choice made as high as $8.35. About 400 cattle, ,mostly stockers, were left on hand at the close. MONTREAL had no ‘top steers on offer and the best on hand sold at $7.50 to $7.75. These were only medium good in quality. Cow's were firm with the leest at $5.50 to $6. MARITIME prices held steady with good to. cholcc steers at $7.25 to $8. Good. cattle continue scarce. i Western Cattle Market I Some early strength WES exhib-1 ited in the WINNIPEG market and most killing cattle advanced fully! 25c on moderate supplies. Increased arrivals at mid-week, howevein, served to erase all the early gains. Most slaughter steers sold from $7 1 down and o fcw good iveighty kinds made around $7.50. Fairly good at- tention was given to the better grades of smokers and feeders at $6 to $6.50. CALGARY was mostly steady with good butcher steers up to $7, but EDMONTON was in- clined to be draESy and with grad- ing more keen and buyers indif- ferent, prices wcre barely steady to 25c lower -on some cow and heifer sales. The practical top 1n thej steer division was $7. PRINCE Al.- BERT was active and firm to 25o higher in spots with a few choice siecds wpping at $7. MOOSE JAW w-as fairly steady and had best hnndywwigiltt steers at $6.50. RE- GINA also held steady and had odd sales of fed calves at $7 or better. SASKATOON sold butcher steers up to $7 and a few as high at $7.50, Top price for heavy steers $7.75 and calves $8. Ilnitod States Market ‘fliers were again no Canadian cattle offered at Buffalo. St. Paul quoted good Canadian cows around $6.75 and bulls $050- , Shipments to ‘the United States during the week included 1,899 beef, cattle, 319 dairy and 246 calves. making the totals to date this year 92.398 beef, 11,447 dairy and 64,707 calves. In the correspiliidiiiil P6000 of last year beef cattle exports wci-c 149,214. dairy cattle 10.311 8nd chives 74.226. Exports of beef cut- tle from October lst t0 QCIOPPT 10m, under the fourth quarterly quota were 4.105 as against 8.413. 1n the same period o! 1939- The United States Treasury D0" partment reports ihnt imports 0f calves from nil COIIHIFZPS from Jau- utiry 1st to 5511101111101: 28th. inclus- lve, totalled 97.311 hood out of i110 annual quota of 100.000 Bi- ih¢ 1'0- duced tariff rate. Calves Steady To Finn ‘ Calves held steady at Toron_.o W111, choiye vcalcrs ‘at $11 to $1131.) and Montreal was firm iii? i0 $1 l» and $11 for tops. Winnipe! 05° held steady with c000 W 000i" W51, at $5 to $9. Tops at Calgary and Moose Jaw made $8. Edmon- ton $850, Prince Albert and Rc- gins. $7.50 and Saskatoon $7.75. flog‘ Market Unchnnflfli Hogs continued steady at TOE onto with the—baslc grade st 8 dressed and a few sales rcacnlflit $12.15. Montreal was a shade .0110.‘ n1 $12 and Winnipeg 11i1r_hangc;i h: ‘$11.15. Calgfiili‘ mid @000 i0 $1196”; 11m- Gyaclc Bl. Edmonton 210-80. Prince Albert $10-70 1° - - Ito exterminate any form of wild 1 i at the Saskatoon Feeder Sale was. I CONSERVATION I l WEEKLY COLUMN OI‘ PRACTICAL OPINIONS 0F THE VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSES 0F NATURAL RESOURCES BI MR. LUDDOW JENKINS. BARS PREDATORS | Hawks, owls. izuiis. skunks- weaseis, cats. GOES. 00301195. 50x95. turtles and snakes have long been accused of contributing to the de- struction of waterfowl. Only re- cently have these animals and the crow been charged with the sole blame for the waterfowl shortage. It is interesting to note that at the hearing of the Special Senate Com- mittee on Conservation of Wild Life Resources, held in April, 1932, the many witnesses seldom men- tioned predators as a menace to waterfowl. When predators were mentioned, they were far down Ill the list of causes of waterfowl shortage, and not cited as major causes. Until 1933, the sporting magazines carried very few major articles blaming the predators for rapid decline in waterfowl num- bers. It was recognized that. predators and waterfowl had ex- isted slde by side in untold num- bers before the advent of man. With the coming of man the per- secution of predators began. The hand of man has always been a- gainst the predators; partly be- cause many predators are fur-bear- ing animals, valuable for their pelts, and partly because of man's wish life that interferes with his plea- sure and profits. When guns are too slow in reducing “vci-min," dynamite 11nd poison are now re- sorted to. Thus predators no longer exist in large numbers, as hereto- one Investigations by trained field men have proved that the con- clusicns drawn from casuzil ob- servatoliis by sportsmen regarding the damage by predators are often in error. Probably a large part of the adult waterfowl taken by predators is made up of crippled, sick, parasitlzed or otherwise dis- abled blrds. Healthy birds, if pro- vlded with adequate shelter, are well able to cure for themselves. Reducing the piedalors dose little good in maintaining stocks of game birds available for shooting. THE CROW IN RELATION T0 WZATERFOWL The crow has been sky-rocketed into public attention since 1933. Until that year, the shortage of ‘waterfowl had been explained in sporting magazines and before sporting organizations by drought, drainage, advancement of civiliza- tion, discase, and many other fac- tors. The shoi-tage had caused bag- llmits on waterfowl to be lowered and seasons shortened. This natur- ally meant less shooting, with the consequent result that less ammuni- tio11 was sold, and there was less advertising in sporting magazines. To offset this, it was nccessaigv to get men into the field with guns, not one or two months of each year, but if possible the whole twelve months. In Ofdfir-IATNGO this, the crow was picked 11s a fitting villain to excite the wrath of the hunt- ei-s. 0n Dcccmbci- ‘.29, i932. Field and - Stream issued a form letter which‘ was sent to sporting orgiinizstions_ Moose Jaw $10.80. Resins $10-80 and Saskatoon $1930- Lambs Steady To Stronl" Good cwc and _ wcthcr lambs sold inosily‘ at 55-7-7 i0 $9"at Tor‘; 0211c for truck deliveixes with sum ‘by “i1 at $9.25. Montreal was on s basis of $8150 i0 $8.75. Winnipeg |s'1.so to $7.75. Ciiiflfliy ‘.7775 "° ‘B- ,m...<...w.. s1 u» 15v. P{'i1-,<;<*,,,0i'§§§f $6.75 to $7. M0050 J0“ -" 5., ‘Q1113, $7 mid Saskatoon $6.85 10 . l1“ the Mnritiincs cho;ce lambs .mad_eg___é_,__ s. closed vessel. it noon uses up Ill the air in the water and dies i! mom air is not introduced. All that TULIPS- 6 INCHES ,__CROCUS— 2 INCHES. Fall Bulbs and Their Of all garden subjeds, the bulbsl is needed is I0 take n little wail-i‘ from the vessel and P001‘, 1'- dizzy: from some height. It carrio-K u I, the bubbles of alrand all swe . d. an aquarium plants are introduced because ti?“ aefiiite the water an keep tie S] R V8. _ . Now fishes have neither nostrils nor lungs. 50 3'00 "my “H1. my "How then do they breathe?’ Ex- amine the gills of the next fish y0ii_ catch, and you will find a. niimbci i . ‘unlly four). covered grfi ifilit-Jlgfitsiglbtby a kind of lid, ions: in texture. call-ed the Oiwifiiiiim- Those 111-hires 111-c made up oi "ii,"- ute blood-vessels, which cHPi-iiic i“? benefit of the entire fish. Watch the goldfish in your swim; ii- 500"“ to be drinking all iho tuncl It 1a taking in water by its mouth. PR5?»- ing it. back through the fringe". ior gills. and if you obs-crve closely ‘you will see the opcrculum rising ‘after every gulp, to let the ivflsiv water out. when a fish ls taken out of water, it dies for want of 1111-: strange, isn't it, when there is plenty of air about! The reason is. that the fringes (gills) are kept apart and moist when the fish is 1n the water. but when taken from its clam-ant they fall together and become dry, the blood cannot cir- 'culnte in the blood-vessels. and the fish dies. ('I‘hcrc is no "iron lung" for the pccr fish!) Some fishrs have the gill openings wide and these dic quickly: others have the opening narrow, thus keeping the 1 air in the water and use it for the ,sre probably 1121c easiest to plant and the most certain to bloom. It is almost impossible to plant the ‘modern bulbs without some kind of success when 5pfillg rolls around. Because thcy urc so obtging, how- (‘\'(‘l', docs uot 11101111 1.11111. they ‘should be planted w.th0ut regard to their likes and dlilik€S. The tiny scilla bulbs should manifestly not; be planted so dcep as the huge nar- 1 icissus bulb. When bcginziiiig opers- ‘ ‘tioiis, consult a chart of planting idcpilv". or rciid carefully the direc- tions 011 the package, uiakuig sure fringes moist; they can live longer. out of the ivatcr. And some even, Ihnve nn nri-angeiumit for keeping the gills moist for a long time: I these 111w the lucky fish that your! Natural History books toll of; they, can g0 for a ramble 011 the grass] or cven climb trccs! We have more 1o lcaru about the FisI-er next, week, for they are wonderful crea- tures when you come to know th-sm. I Slips In the Typo Professors Groh and Senn must have been surprised to rend 1n last .Sr1turdn_v's issue of The Guardinn. that they had written n book on "Prunes in Canada " This should have read "Prunus" —that being the name of a group oi shrubs or trees, mostly with edible fruits all containing a "stone," Familiar ex- , amples are the lums and cherries wild and cultwi ed.‘ scitnta - a incurs. over the country. This letter read in part; "If you have been Lollow- 111g the reports from CilllflfIll. you know that practicaly every ciic competent to Judge is (‘Afllillitfid that the greatest destroyer of North American wildfowl is the crow. Canadian authorities are emphatic in their opinion that our duck shortage of the present day is due more to crows than to drought and drainage put together. Careful ob- servation has proved that as nigh as l!) per cent of all duck eggs laid in a given area are destroyed by crows before they hatch and that a very considerable percvntace of the duckllngs that are hatched are killed by crows." Strange indeed are the assertions in this letter. Only nine months before, in April, 1932, sportsmen and their representatives had besti- ficd at the hearing of the Senate Committee on the Conservation oi Wild Life Resources that drainage and drought were chiefly respon- sible for the duck shortage. The Chief of the Biological Survey. Paui G. Redington, testified: “Infor- maioin as to the identity and actual effect of supposed enemies of Wildfowl production is ain....~, totally lacking." Crows were not mentioned at this special Senate hearing. Within the short space of nine months, it was in effect ai- legcd that the testimony given at the hearing was WTOTig. and that the crow was doing more harm than drought and drainage to- gether. Sporting magazines quickly foi- lowed this up with anti-crow pro- paganda. Where before no major articles had appeared against the crow, now no spbi-Ling magazine was compleie without such an art- icle. Since January, 1933, the sports- men have been urged, begged, pleaded with, and threatened to get into the field, and shoot the crow. Such articles as, “How to Bag ‘Those Pesky Crows," “The Great- est. Enemy," "You Can't Duck the Crow Question," and a multitude of others, have flooded the maga- zines in an effort to get men into the field to shoot. The crow does damage; upon this all agree. There 1s consider- able disagvceuient, however‘, as to the amount of damage done. Such statements as “the crow destroys more ducks than the combined hunters of Canada. and the United States" ("The Greatest Enemy," Field and Stream, April, 1934): “The crow is the ducks worst enen1y," (‘_‘You Can't. Duck the Crow Ques- tion," Field and Stream, January, 19341: "The greatest destroyer of North American wlldfowl is the 010W." (letter from Field and Stream): and “They (crows) flock into the nesting areas of the North like great black ‘clouds, seek on; the nests of ilic ivildfoivl and futtcn prodigiously on duck eggs," (,"C:-o1v, Brother." National Sportsman, April. 1938) are n01’. based upon lhf‘ fiiiiiiE-i 0f scientific research. but are Piiffl Pioliflgandu. Yet such state- mcnts are published in the hope that they will be accepted as "os- nel truth ° ._____________ (Continued on pagLis, Co] g) These Simple Rules Guide You In Planting DAFFODILS - 6 INCHE r Best Planting Depths. that bulbs of c.1011 type are planted about the some depth, so that they will appear sLmultflneously in the spring. A good rule to follow when in doubt, is to plant on the deep side. In other words lrss hiii-m will be done from planting tco deep, than loo shallow: In the case of can- dldum lilies. the converse Is true, and these giant bulbs, which appear io want at lenst 6 inches, need but a scant 3 inches, Tulips will burrow through l8 luchcs, but 5 1o 6 iiiclics is the proper planting depth, The crocus, siiowdrop and scilla should be plant- ed 2 to 3 inches below the soil. The lilies nrcd the (lccpcsi. planting. The siem-roolers can go a full foot deep with good results, The distance npui-t is a matter of pref- erence, although 5 inches should be the minimum. Drainage is an important part of any bulb planting, and every pre- caution should be takcn 1o avoid standing water. or over-soaked beds, which will cause rotting of the bulbs. In 611505 where doub: arises as to what will occur d1i:-_ ta 111g the wet days cf early spring, or w-lieré the soil is particularly heavy, raise 1111c bed about 6 inches from the level of the garden. Bulbs do not need a very rich soil, as the have considerable fmd stored up n themselves. An appli- cation of plant fcod will. however, help them to produce bigger flow- ers. Do 11:1 Riipl" n bu." .-~rd mu- nure, as 1l-~ ha». ~. -~-'iculaz- avc“ “r ' ‘IN! PERFECT FARM DISINFECTANT Ideal for disinfecting stables, fox pens, TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH _Si|ver Fox Farming ' poultry houses, etc. I Widely used in l'.8. Area and accredited herd work. I ECONOMICAL I NDN-CORROSIVE v FROST RESISTANT 0.4" cooper-i KEROL-Briuth mo. “a $1.111 Guaranteed-from Hardware. 0...‘. Feed and Seed Stores, o. w...“ CANADIAN CO-OPERATIVE WOOL GROWERS LIMITED Quebec and Maritime Branch Lennnxville. Que. (By LEM.) Natures uuv is usually the best way, it w-as intended that grain should be a considerable part o1 the hens diet. All 110115 lizivv gizzrii-ds, which arc Sll’ ‘.1 111-t~1'11I.11- 111-grins ‘i111 (-1111 1-e1i1l.l,v 11111111 W110i!‘ ui-nlii when ussisw-d by lliild acid insoluble grit. All hens have a crop, which acts as a storage organ, ffififLllg Lite grain to the glzzairl, like a hopper IEITIS 111-am 1o a grinder. 01-11111. in 111"o1):.1'1io1i 1011s (ligcsti- biiiiy is 1111-. cheapest feed we can give ilie lions. Puilets, whose ration has been about two-thirds to threefourths grain, mature, more slowly, but they will develop into strong and healthy birds. This is not a new feeding system 01- auyti-ing that was re- cently discovered. It is the wny farmers have been raising healthy and profitable birds for years. In this heavy grain feeding it is necessary the birds should have all the hard insoluble grit they will eat fi-cclv. Also grit. should be as large as the birds will handle. Whvn birds do not cut grain, it is almost sure to be because of the lack of proper grit. The gizzard, or, u it is some times called the "muscle stomach." has been shown to flatten ivaluuts and grind granite stones. Tho mechanism o1’ this muscular stom- ash 1s very complicated. According to experiments of a noted professor, the two dome- shaped muscles onegbove and one below contract throwing their contents into the 11min cuvity be- tween the 1'.\'011o\v<-1'f1ilmain 111115 ‘ These 11121111 muscles, then ccni rt crushing and grinding ihe kci-uuls by their poworful measure, with the assistance of grit, which c0111- pensates for the lack of iccth. sud whose crunching sound (-1111 be hem-d in :1 hen from the OlilélfIC. Under ilic pressure of 1h»: niiiin muscles the contents again escape into the dam-shaped ntuscles and the whole process starts over angin, These movements arc made very slowly, about 111-o to 111111- a 111111- 1110 iiccorzliiig 1o 1111- For 11151111101‘ 1111 1:11:20; lIiI‘l‘f‘ n1" foul’ coiitniclioiis pt-i- iiiiiiiitr‘; oii boiled potatoes only two contrac- tions. At molting time according w observations the trite of contrac- 1-1-11 sloivs down to one a 111111- ute. til-it should be hard enough to prevent digestion by the hydro- chloric acid of the stomach. Flint grinds away very slowly and is not dissolved by the pieces powdered shclls and limo-grit. are incffcc_ ivc. So we (-1111 rcsdily Sea, 11ml; 1.. order fo1- a 11011 1o grind and tliqf-sf her fecd the proper way, plenty of good grit should be available 1o hcr at i111 times A good IlOll (ls-serves good fccd. good liousini: and good ("m- 111 P\'(‘l‘.\' \\‘d,\‘. And 1f you oxmi-i 31c: i0 iiiy 011115 you 1111151 tllYdlllfl‘ .11"- cvss‘ to the vcry thiiiirs eggs are mane of and the things 111a.- her system needs to keep her he. v (‘111-e them a 1111111 fccdii- .1- sri-nich gruin 111 1110 11101-111114 :11 nil thcy will (‘Ii-mi up .11 1. |_ Ki-vp a 1101:1101‘ o1 sitns 11101111 :11. 111:1 mash 111111 also one of ziimip 0.11s before 111cm nll the 111110, also grit and shell should be 110111101 fed and IPCSII 11111111‘ alivrii-s §\\'.l;I,'1hI(\_ Anoihcr csscuiiui DflYi. of fez-i is hopper t to supply plenty o1‘ v ".5 (‘llll (‘111 .lf‘."— so that 11ll lhc i1 l). The writer had the riv‘ visiting the home of gardlcdze 1%. 1113570. St Avards, not long ago Harold has a flock of April hatchqi puilets that ho mav ivcll bc prom of. He l1ns some Light. Sussex and 151-11110 \V1111c 111g iilin iibn I tlon and all , luck, Harold, slioiv. 111 60 P01‘ cont produc- Hive lame 0851s. (‘-00.1 we will see you at the i Trevor Hansmi, I p011 of 1.". Bari-rd iabnui. 2071 (‘ilgs in 1 Sr-iaicmhor. hatched | Chicks hatchcdinApi-itsecms f0 ,me to make a vorv pvofitnhle lion as uiirlci- flfifld cnrc iliryv will r0111»- inlo production n1 :1. 111111". 1v ~1 older l1r'11= 111x“ slowing 1111 11ml , |cii111i11c 1o molt. and so help H. keep 1hr- or"; hn~kr~t full. W1‘h world ro-irliiioiis as ihcv av»- .m1d n1n11_v r-oimii-lr-s :11 war. 11 l‘; z wcll for 11s as individuals tn fo- r: our 5"Ill.\Il.1llfI ]X"l'S“l1flI Ill'f‘T'f‘;‘,- 11nd ivork for 1hr- PYPFPFVHIIOlI of |fioundln11 idcnls mid Cnnriril-ii". 11:1- v. “Do iiic best vnu c1111. with 1111.1‘ vou have not, w-hcrc you arc" ivor- i110 u-ords of D1". W. R Gr. at the diuncr civ-cn him hv Poultry Science Association of 011- ro. G-Iytown, hm n Rocks that layer: the moulh (11 They also were A1111}. First. Fm-mcr: Second Fnrmcr: No, lions kcr-p in.‘ wviui-Esmu ilfffio .7... MFSIJBOITRVE" ICPI -WIt.h 110th iarmn paralv-cd a irii-l nt n child - 'rcn‘s hcswifni hero Ilf‘= lcc--:1c-l to l write with l1"r nvuih and has coir-rd :1 _mcr-I. rill-into in writt- ,1: Riv-ks. They om qivm‘ 1:11 111" Do you kci-p IINIS?‘ I Claudc Holman, Stci-cisi-i- of 1..e Caiiziiiian Platinum Fox Lirceu 1's’ AhMJClfillOli, who is llcfc 011 a \1.-.1t 110111 liis 1101110 111 Wtllslt-Yli Cnrizidii. has 1111111111111 I01‘ a mu-iiiig 01 101.111 platinum fox breeders lo be .1511: at 111v ciiai-loitcwu'ii Hotel, Tuesday evening at 8 o'c.ock. All those uiio have taken membership .n the As- sociation are asked 1o be prcsr-ntasv matters 111 ;111|1(>1'1.'111('c 111 0111111 \\'ll.ll 111v 11111115: will . . All ovvnci-s of \ iiic lace or pi. 1111 11in foxes are cordially invited attEnd. Flour weeks 11-0111 Monday - orto .111o1e the (lute. November zist-iox iunohci-s iroin all oiei- ilie province will be wcudiiig tliz-ir uay to the l’l'0\.'l.l ' 1 EKlLiDIl-IOII grounds where | the classification coiiiniiutc consist- .uig of PitlWlll Cass. Douglas Bell, laud John Jutk. .\i.A.. u” 10L the ‘foxes to 1Il( /.- respective classes. "This 11s expecicii ‘.0 be the .~.11(-u 1111- 111101111011 of Li. 10x i-‘Xlllbl- 111111 111-11- .11 151211. WHY? Bifffllllrfl ll. will iuku in l'(".§LSI.4.’l'0(I foxes 11.1111;- ,111g iii COIUl‘ ii-uin 30 poi‘ Cont. silver ,‘to 100 per cent. silver, adult males, adult females, male pups, femala pups. A total of 20 sections with fur- liier sections ior herds. Valuable irouliu-s will be awarded to the cliuiiipiuiis. sin-g I001‘ the ILTSI. time there will classes for unregistered silver black foxes from light medium to extra puic, adults and pups, males and fe- males,- anci last bu‘ not least there Will b1.- 12 clussi-s f ' the new types, plutiniims, nczii- pl. .. unis, 01- if you have a tux of a vci-v freakish na- ture in these categories vou can en- ter it 1n the novelty class. "‘ crates are being placed in anticipa- tion of that many inhabitants using them show week. It will be a real 111:, 1111111. s0 make vour urrangemeiits ,1'111- ilHCllClllLZ the Provincial Fox Show ihe week of November 21st. Early in January. or to be exact. the week of January 6th the Pro- ,1.'11i1-111l Fox Pelt Show will be held I11 the High school at Summcrsidc, ‘it 1111111111111 111051. suitriblv adapted for 11111 iuirpose us 1t has plenty of space .an<i picniv of 1114111, uviiig aii ex- cellent opporiuniti" or the proper display of the some 600 or more its which i: ls confidently expec will be shown. All fur houses are c0- opciniiiiu and iv 1.1 a sure bet 1.1m 1'1l1i.- 041111111" pelt show, which will have cln 5 for slivers of all color- ‘ 111; the vcry (lurk ones and the new types, will go over _.j____l___ 1113;, _. ‘also for (big. George D. Warren. Howlan, who has made his mark in the show ring, is 1111111011111: a lot of attention 10in; ranch bv his cievellopmcnt of llTiiK fOXCs. Visitors w 1o have been 1o Isee them claim that Mr. Warren has I‘s011'ie of the most beautiful d\\'1}i11l.€ - 11cc Sl.\'('l‘.s in 1.111s province, an t a ,1licy' are uu-ce 11nd vigorous. 1c is houcci 111:1‘. Air. \\'1ir1-(-11 ivill bring {some 01' -111 i0 1111- Pi-oviiiclalFqx iSliuiv, so 111111 1-1 grunt 111:i11_','_n1o1e 11111011112“ will iiiivc 1111 01111011111111)’ to 1VICW 1k ill, Wednesday in company with W. Chester s. cLure. the writer ao- ccpii-rl a \ "J. Pope Clu: c m lock over his fox-cs i111 his 11101101 1.111111 1111 s1. Pefcis litouil, 111-y Cl1.11-lu111-:11\v1i. 'l‘i1c111's 111111111 111111. strikes you isiicii you sce Mr. Clarke's ranch is 111..- attractive appearance of the exterior with its spotless white paint \\'1'..l1 given trimmings. The iiiwrioi- arr-auge- mciiis 111110 D0011 111-Ll planned ior Kilt‘ COll\i:‘.l(‘l\t'1‘ llilfl (‘IIIUIFIIL ('1ll'l'_\" 111g out oi 111111-11 \\'\".l'k, but ivhat ac were most caster la so ivus Mi‘- Clai-ke‘: new type foxes. I Last fall he purchased two white faces and crossed these with a num- ber of silvci- ieiuiilcs and the rc- lsulis- 11111-0 b01311. 1o :31‘ ihc Zeust, ,vc1-v desirable. 'll1c1-e are some lit-ally beautiful 11111: necks, freaks mid 11en1--p1a1u1u.111s. and among these several of the best were Mat; pups, and the way his keeper, Bo 1.111111, has developed these 1s a ivihiiie 1o his kiioiviwltu: 01' nutri- 111111 and 1m 11111111111-1111-111. I _____ I 1 Mr, Clarke 1:35 new types ranging ' ' |ll'0ll1 tines-quarters t0 extra pale ,with markings from uliiie 511011.31 icci, Wiliit} lyvilics, white necks, 1o , lIlO-‘C 11111-111; 1111p, necks 111111 111i pini- i11u11i ('ll;il".1cl('l‘l:~.l(S. 111s 111-n 111.1‘. 111111 lii- 1x11141111 his’. 1.1.1 urn looking 1hr11:y and .111>l iii-iiiiiu ilivvii‘ “iiiiil-i with iheir 1.111 1111-1111;. A 1110111111120 ,\ve saw ilie result 0i :1. 1111111111; \\'llI‘.:l M1‘. Clarke sold 1o i1 bl't‘(‘(i('I' 111I\/(.'.v Domiiiiuii, l'.f1\\'i;l‘(t L.‘:1:'i'i(-, and these. 10o, l1il\L' IJIW-ll 111111-11 iitliiiirvli lbv visitors. 111 iiiiiiiiiuii iv illi‘ li('.\\' lipvs .\l1'. (‘l.11'k.- 1111;. 111-t. sin-us 1111i o1 SIIVCI‘ 111111». soiiiv o1 iiii-Cii “0 ucre siioivii .11 they 111-ft i; lilCl‘ specimens, also BGUJI. 111.1.1-s V1.11 are in the pink 0f coudiuou. Williziiii Al. Ritchie, Chzii i1‘11r 'Gl'il(illl1.‘,’ lllmhfliil‘ o1 111v Diuiiiiion " '1i.l111'(- Ucpui-tiii k01- 1-111 oi A ‘I. .\i.11- f <51 <1 p1 i . Ilcit this iiioiiiiiig Noni Snow-a ‘A '. Rltiihiv is very l)l('1l.\f‘(i ivith llie i-vsuli. o: 1112.1 01.11% 1lii\‘i“i'ii,iii£‘iiii[ 11111111 f0? 1111- 11$ rlilllCt‘ (11 1111' farin- (~1.\,s1..11i11i_- 111.11 11 \\.1:k-~:io11Lv(1-y- MILISIIICZOFIH‘ uiitl 1111- .1\'\l’.\'.1(‘ p1 011111111111 \\.1.< good (~i»11.~11l(1'11ig ilic biggest show, kiiid invitation from, l, "ltl" ,|)11U ...1 or - '1 bil ‘t: a -c 1.(1.‘I(3Ci£0ll p..1111..-1 L¢AL Lampson, Fraser x- i1 '" 811.000 pelt was sol ’0. i‘) February 1o I. J. y-ox o1 l.» . and an avcriipi: of $.0lll(“.\’.‘ll‘li' 1111i $3.311 111115 oplaiiit-(i lul‘ s1 101111 3111114111- oatiiiu pelts. Ralph Parsons of Wuinlpg-g, who was for many vears Fur 'I‘raue Com- mussioncr of 111v iliirfzlmks Bay C0111- l pan)‘, bu’. fEZlYCd 1211s Spring, l: -1 but-n 111111 1111-11 1.. .1 p 11.1111 “a ‘the A11 (im- 111111 1-011111 $1011. Tlila .11 :1.<1 ulribli- p. . 111g as Puistii. Liiorougiiij. ac- iquainied tviih 1 1 Chili-Kid} in fact. few men 1f a naive had a iwlder EXDPFlEiIPB 11" rtzc 11112-01. l l‘1 .108. 1'11 i111 . a ,St. Louis, Mo, .1.1 1 i-idiiliwil in nis last Mon- ,a series of stoi-iiiy- o e day. When the store opened 1o: business that mOFlilllZ, there was s rush of people (‘part- ,lIli‘llL (lFlllflllfllllg 1 ii-r tho 11l'l((3 ail .111» 1.-;1c11- rd :1 1o‘. of T 111ml 1o become Ulll’ y. of fuis was locked up IJECHLlpe of 111103. to !tako them. Two 11111111111 men were on hand for D!‘ ;uddition 1o iii»: '.- 111-ice Iscverai plaiiisci 1111.111. 1 1 lit-tic!‘ of v1 cfirrieo 1.116 ad RCDICSEHIHLIW$ n: {lie Business Bureiiu, ilie lllllliiiijtl‘ the newspaper vv - ‘ ' and the superinscncien: of the store talked to the crow-us, explalnlziz the unreasonahieness of "i that the gurni-vi: ' ‘YIOIlSIY a 1-11-111.1--. .1l1o.~e who M11110 wcic several of 1h our brought there h 1 its. After several h most of the although some er one o'clock IS.’ one Jacket i 111-ice. The 0 wnuble (1r- 111i11s of space, The crowd left the :1. hung around 1112111 in ihe hope 111.1 would he sold 11' ad which i-ausi-ti cubic-d seven full c< illustrating eight iiiirinenis, silver fox locket was describe ‘ng “brightly tinge ' . d w 11 Sll\'€l’.-— smart hip lcnpth ‘r. wear ivith dress and sport clotliv . ____ Dates scheduled for- lxindon full sales as well as ‘.111: Nt-iciiiiocr and December fox sales have been cari- celled. Ellwyn Ingrams, London fur manager for the H‘ Company, has been e i mun of 111v;- Loiizioii _F111 11111100 anti 5111105 111111. (' of ilie (111105 (loos 111.11. there will definitely be iio s21 1mg the re uinuci- of 10-10. lie-pcziiis .0111. that uside 110111 a1; rains, ma trade BWBIIS c1. government 1:01:11 imrts, u-iiilc 111111111 =k11ow their .~..1.1> (1511 period 1105411111111; 11.1. origin-hi suit-s 1..1'.1-.= ; cancelled pciidii and meantime u selling at private 1 ziiercik-w developments, on houses 3'- L1G i We lcuzii 011 got... '- tiie unsold (_ itiviiiiiiiii c iiuiiibcr b01111; re-ab- 50l'b€d and being u‘ eztecl to 0'1?! countries prior to lJct . quota for Cutiiion (11.11 ihc Uiiiicd 51:111.» is 11s iuicici‘ the llt".\' tioiis oiilv 11011.» 111 and are iillowvc c111 t i510 suy the trashy pelts and (l "ks are i__\- 1clutled, it is altogether nlzc-ly- ibarriniz some cOngPstlfm 1n Jo iFebiuai-i- and 111111-11, 1 ' ,the required kimi (.11 .011 Siiilt-s coiisiiiiip. ‘have bllll(‘llt'(‘ 1110; ikci 111 that coun y. . ___- 1 ‘Next F11‘ Fox lllusii-u .hv Lfligli C It 1\1ll b John C. , Besides crab J silver fox s. - ‘several 11111-11- n! ,1hc1'c will ix- nhou. 111p li-XHIVII 01 8.1.1 11_\'. hfiiriiiiiii- iinx slit‘ a morn 11114113114‘ 111 wlrli llif-sc 110w 4:111 . typos of loxr-s shiiiilii 111w ill!‘ ])(1l'llll'.ll_\' o; 1:111: : op- v: 1v 1 . l 'I‘III*. ANSWVIIIL ‘The old 11011 sianils .11 111s lonely la . The noise of “l0 hunting has brow-ii his ' He ici- l. 1o vli-‘Avzifti, tiger 11nd 1111.111 Are i111 - 1111.110 lie turns lo ‘.110 1\1 Cll(‘lllllSl(\llf"t‘.\. . . ~ --~——— .And sends 1111-1111211 ‘hi! murk and Mr. 12111-1110 s‘: l zis all nppi-cn-, 1,151 (,1 111,, .1111; 1H” Wm‘ m“ H” ‘m’ m“ c°m"A thiiiiiiu: 111.11 tumbles and mils 21's,?’ i’ . down 111v 1m 1 no an, h,“ Huhm, ,‘,,,.,,,,_ L’ H‘, A11d“t.1_1. .111i1 11<.1., .l1r~ q11.11.\ in ilfolh 111 uizuliiiu. 111.1111: illlfl v1 -' v_ ‘ ,, . _ _1 111: r11 l_\'11('.\ <11 111.» llt- wus lanky, i“'~‘ ~ii ~~i" "010-- "0 1o be Ullllfll’ 111-o lllillIi)I'.“<'Ill]] 11f 1\.'[i‘., cnwer mitt (Iii-iii- R0111. who 1 11111111~ 11nd 10111111111011 is For, (ivcli inwucli the 111th! know-n 111; 111111111111‘ 111 111v '111'1 RICiflll Izkn suz-i on r1 - uorld. shoi-iiv Jli'\‘l' 1hr- (1111111 1k Penis ihiiiidri- 1:1 .111 \\(-1’_ ("i 1hr‘ Grout \\'.1r Ilf‘ “c111 f1\'(‘i'.\€‘.'.5 1,1,; “U11, H“ q..- 11 pilot. 11. 11111‘ 1111- 1111-1-11 111111 uilcr Th, h,,,,,,,,.s “m, ,;,,.‘,. -ill”.“.il..‘“f.i‘.iilf“i.i.‘~’.i‘iil“lilff9191311.? 1"" "v ‘iv-vi -» . illlfl“llllllflll.lli.‘ (11‘i11‘1-.~ 1111-1110‘ ‘H1111: Th“ NW1‘ “i! H“ 4"" ‘s 1'1"," ‘son's lliiv 0111111111111; From 111110, h“ 51m» 'l'.f‘ u-us 11'i111.~1.~1i'1-1i 1o h-livnii-vuli uhcvc lic was 1111' 111.111)‘ _\'(-111.< '_11 (‘liui-ue 01' 1111- purrhrtsiiig and grud- 111g. Lust full 11(- took over his ppoiiiiiiicin. mid 1111s labored 1101"- vticnily 1o 1011111111111- :1 si-svcm cf 111-ailing for siivi-i- fox pciis that will 1111001 thi- l‘(‘f]llll'1“lll(‘llI.< ot tlic tradc, ‘ ihc public and viihaiice the v-aluc of the bcttcr typos oi sliver foxcs. , Z1 i1 As we 111-c anxious to know how the sale oi Noi-u-(ginii piatiiiunts which was held 1n New York Tues- tlnv and Wednesday turned out, we D(‘\\' I ‘Minn-d’: relieves ache; | -'I‘i1<»111n< NPIaHll Page. mum Ihlrflfffi‘ 11s I.\IP()R1‘.-\.\'T 110.111 KARACHI, India. O01. l7.-i'CP1 Prozi" s is lwiuu imrlo n11 r1 £31110,- O00 1 _ ‘(K1111 111011111 in improve the tmns-froiiticr 11ml f:'O:11 .\‘f11l- 11111. military $1.1 ‘m1 111 ihc P11111111). ‘to Quctfn in 131-1 <11 l1.ii11(-I-11.~ii111 h" wnv vi Rohrl. S1111! to <1 :11 1:.‘1 throuch commuiiicaiiwii 1111- heavy _u1otor traffic.