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     he Gxraminer. . 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     in possession of information which rende 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ' a . * rm . ; i 
     
     LATER FROM EUROPE. © | 
     
     The steamshi» City of London, fron Liver 
     
    

    
     poo! 20th of D 
     
    

    
     to New Yerk, put into Halifax on the 6th in- 
     
    
   
   
    
     , and Queenstown 21st, bound} 
     
    
   
   
    
     stant, short of coa's. She experienced very 
     
    
   
   
    
     baistereus weather on the passage. 
     
     DOMESTIC NEWS: 
     
    

    
     The Pall Mail 
     
     umoners of Trinity, Lord A. 
     
     , Hon. Mr. Strutt, and Mr. Coore, have 
     
     » captured in Greeee, Lord A. Harv ey 
     
     ‘and Mr. Strutt have ‘been sect at liberty, Mr. 
     
     Coore being retained in captivity as security 
     
     for the ransom, which is £1,000 each. 
     
    

    
     The Zimes announces that the good offices 
     
     et Basiand and Fraace have been accepted by 
     
     the Spanish Government, and unless Chili 
     
     should prove more implacable than Spain her- 
     
     seif, the “least jostifiable of modern wars may 
     
     yet be terminated by friendly mediation. It 
     
     would be a suicidal act if Chili were to reject 
     
     an offer of conciliation which Spain has had the 
     
     xood sense to accept. Our present infurmation 
     
     justifies us in hoping that the patience of 
     
     ‘neutral powers will not be taxed beyond en- 
     
     darance. 
     
    

    
     At au annaal ineetins of the Farmers’ Club, 
     
     he'd at Wirral on the 19th December, seme 
     
     conversation tock place with reference to the 
     
     best means of preventing the ravages of the 
     
     cattle plague in the Wirral district, and several 
     
     farmers urged the propriety of prohibiting the 
     
     moyements of cattie along the public highways, 
     
     so that the dan rer of infection might be re- 
     
     duced: Ut was sed by Mr. C. Bushell that the 
     
     disease had already made its appearance in that 
     
     distiict. 
     
    

    
     Ata meeting of the Corporation of the city 
     
     ef Dublin, held on tue L&th Dec., a discussion 
     
     teek place in reference to the letter recently 
     
     received by the Board of Superintendence of 
     
    
   
   
    
     ; ow ¢ 
     
    
   
   
    
     ast be 
     
    
   
   
    
     Richmond Bridewell, from Sir Thomas Larcom, | 
     
    
   
   
    
     announcing the |ismissal of Mr. Marquess, the 
     
     (tovernor, and the intention of his Excellency 
     
     for the future to deprive the Board of Superin- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Grazelte says three Enzlish-! 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ; oa ae oo eh ali re > : 
     
     there is no desire to have any sort of Treaty at| New Brunswick, remain as entire strangers to 
     
     any price, i be | 
     
     a 
     
    
   
   
    
     Actual reciprocity of trade will be | 
     
     welcomed ; but the pear is. not so ripe as Mr. | 
     
     Seward anticipated it would be by this time ; 
     
     it is not ready to fall into the lap of the Union 
     
     if there is no treaty, and theré is no iikelihood 
     
     that the Provinces will consent to any treaty 
     
     |which does not involve equal concessions on 
     
     both sides. The prevailing opinion; therefore, 
     
     is that the Treaty is not likely to be renewed. 
     
     This being the case, it is surely not too soon 
     
     for both Governments and people to bestir 
     
     themselves in arranging for the alternative that 
     
     is before them. Many people seem inclined to 
     
     wait listless!y till the time eomes, trusting to 
     
     Providence and the British Ambassador to 
     
     javert, in some. mysterious way, the change 
     
     they see impending and which they even regard 
     
     | as, ‘4 some respects, not undesirable. The 
     
     small knot of disheartened fatalists, whose 
     
     views have been so favorably represented by 
     
     the correspondent of the London Times, whose 
     
     idea is that Canada should forthwith surrender 
     
     jat discretion, take its share of the American 
     
     | debt, and limit its ambition to the enlargement 
     
    
   
   
    
     of its canals, are too few in number to deserve 
     
     jnotice. Nevertheless the spirit of inaction 
     
     among the people of the Provinces is painfully 
     
     apparent, and until the other day, when it was 
     
     announced that the Canadian Government had 
     
     appointed Commissioners to visit the West 
     
     India Islands and other tropical countries with 
     
     a view. to the establishment of direct trade with 
     
     those regions, it really appeared as if no al- 
     
     ternative was to be thought of or proposed 
     
     until after the fute of the Reciprocity Treaty 
     
     was actually decided. A meeting of delegates 
     
     from several of the Provinces was held at 
     
     Quebec in the month of September, with refer- 
     
     ence to questions connected with the Treaty, 
     
     aud it is doubtless in accordance with resolu- 
     
     | tions then adopted in contempl..tion of its non- 
     
     renewal that the Canadian Government has 
     
     | new taken action. The President of the Coun- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     LEE LCE eT 
     
    
   
   
    
     ja AE is a 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     each other, and theiraffairs, as if the ene be- 
     
     longed to France and the other to Britain. The 
     
     strongest facts could be cited to prove that the 
     
     developement ofa natural trade between Cana- 
     
     da and the Lower Ports of the Gulf, in commo- 
     
     dities that are not affected by the rival tariffs, 
     
     is owing to want ofaccommodation ; aud where 
     
     there are so many impediments to trade in du- 
     
     tiable articles, it is not to be expected that pri- 
     
     vate enterprise should be attracted. When the 
     
     line of railway is completed from Halifax to 
     
     Pictou, which it will be néxt summer, the 
     
     freizht of flour from Montreal will be less by 
     
     this route than by way of Portland. But it is 
     
     juite conceivable, if the existiug restrictions in 
     
     the way of all other sorts of trade continue, 
     
     that the present course of transit may not be 
     
     affected. There has not yet been any change 
     
     worth speaking of im the case of St. John, al- 
     
     though that town has now been connected with 
     
     Shédiac, a Gulf port, for several years by a 
     
     railway of 103 miles. But with opposing tariffs 
     
     there can be no return cargo for sailing vessels, 
     
    
   
   
    
     one port is not worth mentioning. If the city 
     
     of St. John had the Canadian population at its 
     
     back for the consumption of whatever it could 
     
     import or manufacture, it would me a fleet 
     
     to carry its goods to Canada, and bring back 
     
     cargoes of flour, over and above the aecommoda- 
     
     tion afforded for rapid communication by an in- 
     
     tercolonial railroad, the indispensable accom- 
     
     paniment of a colonial union. 
     
     6 Ree es! 
     
    

    
     TestimontaL To an Eprron.—A short time 
     
     since a number of gentlemen, under the presi- 
     
     dency of Mr. Duncan McLaren, M.P., met at 
     
     MecGregor’s Hotel, Edinburgh, for the purpose 
     
     of presenting Mr. James Roble, editor of the 
     
     Caledonia Mercury, with a cheque for £700, 
     
     and a silver tea service to his wife—being the 
     
     ofering of about five hundsed geutlemen, in 
     
     testimony of the satisfactory manner in which 
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘gow of the Sherig 
     
    
   
   
    
     and all the flour the Lady Head could carry to | 
     
    
   
   
    
     cil has recently visited the Lower Provinces to 
     
     | confer with the New Brunswick, Nova Scotian, 
     
     land Prince Edward Island Governments on the 
     
    
   
   
    
     | subject. But all those proceedings appear, at 
     
    
   
   
    
     tendance of the right to appoint prison officials. | @°y Tate, to have too much of a volunteer 
     
     A resolution was passed to the effect that the | Character to carry with them the weight to be- 
     
    
   
   
    
     the paper has been conducted while under his 
     
     management. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ~The] ~Gxaniner. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Board considered the rebuke unmerited and of: 
     
     fensive, and that they challenze a searching 
     
     inquiry by impertial and independent parties 
     
     inty all the circumstances connected with the 
     
    
   
   
    
     escape of James Stephens. 
     
    
   
   
    
     EXPLOSION O} PHARAOH'S SERPENTS 
     
     —3 MEN KILLED. 
     
    
   
   
    
     On the 19th wit. an explosion occurred in a! 
     
    
   
   
    
     house in Mitre square, Aldzate, London.— 
     
     Some persons were engaged in manufacturing 
     
     Pharavh's serpents, when from some unexplain- 
     
     ed cause the composition exploded, killing two 
     
     men on the spot, named Lavy and Crome. 
     
     third man, whose name is at present unknown, 
     
     leaped from an upper storey, falling headlong 
     
     on the pavement and was killed. 
     
    
   
   
    
     THE FENIAN TRIALS. 
     
    
   
   
    
     The Cork Herald, of the 21st ult. says that 
     
     the Crown is reaping’ fresh triumphs over the 
     
     Penians. On the 20th m Dublin, the two Bal- 
     
     lincolling prisoners, Duggan and Donovan, 
     
     were convicted and sentenced to ten and five 
     
     years’ penal servitude respectively. CC. Under- 
     
     wood O’Conuell was then put on his trial. It 
     
     is likely that as soon as he is disposed of, the 
     
     Commission will adjourn for the Christmas 
     
     holidays, resumin,y its sittings om the 27th inst. 
     
    

    
     Loxvoxs, 21st Dec.—£22,000 in gold was 
     
     taken from the Bank yesterday. After official 
     
     hour’, Consuls 87$ to 8 Alliance Banks 
     
     good. 
     
    

    
     Mertufr Trpvit, Wedoesday.—An explo- 
     
     sion oceurted at Upper Getlim coal pit, this 
     
     niornins, by which 20 menu were killed aud 
     
     three injured. 
     
    
   
   
    
     75 
     
     ‘g- 
     
    
   
   
    
     INDIA. 
     
    
   
   
    
     From Alexandria we have a telerram of 
     
     Tudian news, from which we learn that by the 
     
     treaty of peace the Bhootanese are to receive 
     
     a handsome subsidy, the increase of which is 
     
     contingent on their own good behaviour. A 
     
     conspiracy has beoa discovered in Cabul. The 
     
     cause of the inefficiency of the Indian telegraph 
     
     s7stem has been traced to bad mana rement, 
     
     whiel we are promised shall be remedied. The 
     
     English Government propose to publish trade 
     
    
   
   
    
     A} 
     
    
   
   
    
     i long to the policy of a government. 
     
     | fons ) 
     
    
   
   
    
     Charlottetown, January 22, 1866. 
     
    
   
   
    
     | It is scarcely possible to conceive any case 
     
     | which could illustrate in a more striking man- 
     
     ner the disadvantages of the present system of 
     
     government in the Provinces. - What is, above 
     
     all things, wanted is united action both by the 
     
     | Government and the people. There are now 
     
     | five separate governments and six different 
     
     communities, and the management of nezoti-| 
     
     ations is confided to a sixth Government, for | 
     
     in matters of trade Britain is not specially|siou than has fallen to the lot of any 1 
     
     identified with the American Colonies, and, as | ;,, panel, 
     
     the negotiations with France with reference to} .~ 
     
     the Newfoundland fisheries proved, the Imn-) : , . 
     
     pevial Government is apt to regard the wishes | out of alleged resistance to the law, and con- 
     
     of foreigu Powers more than the interests of | spiracy, on the part of those tenants on ceitain 
     
     its own dependencies. But it is not with re- | 
     
     } gard to the pending negotiations that we are | ; 
     
     ‘now so much concerned. There may be no | entered into 
     
     particular reason to fear lest Colonial interests ‘farms. The facts on which some Presentments 
     
     should be saerificed, for we know they are re-| were made, and Bills found, did not go to prove 
     
     presented at Washington by Colonial agents} ere Bes eels Ail Rea oD Bled les 
     
     co-op ratins with the British Ambassador. | ' nat pcre vioience had been committed, > 
     
     But this is ouly an informal manner, and the} cept int 
     
     | American Government have had no reason to! an unlawful assembling of people, who inform- 
     
     | suppose that the Provinces have any detinite | 
     
     | commercial pelicy to fall back upon whereby | 
     
     | to compensate themselves for the loss of their| : 
     
     | present market. The Government of a coun-|/to proceed with his business, as they were 
     
     | ey with a population of four millions, .con-| anxious to purchase the freehold of their hold- 
     
     taining within itself the varied resources of]. 
     
     agriculture, minera's, shippinz, and fisheries, | ings. . : , 
     
     | directed by a united, independent, and self-in- lence to tenants on Col. Cumbe.land’s and Mr. 
     
     The Counsel for the former 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     TENANT TROUBLES. 
     
     CASES IN THE SUPREME COURT. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Tue Grand Jury, which were only discharged 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     on Saturday, have had, we believe, a lonzer Ses- 
     
     weced- 
     
     This protracted sitting was occa- 
     
    
   
   
    
     sioned by the several eases which had arisen 
     
    
   
   
    
     estates in Queen’s County, who had unwisely 
     
    
   
   
    
     a pledge to pay no rent for their 
     
    
   
   
    
     he case of Dickieson and Doucette, but 
     
    
   
   
    
     ed the Deputy Sheiiff, at the time he sought to 
     
    
   
   
    
     levy for rent, that they would not permit him 
     
    
   
   
    
     This was particularly the case in refer- 
     
    
   
   
    
     terested policy, can go into the markets of the Sullivan's estates. 
     
     , world and make arrangements with other com- | ik 
     
     ' munities to compensate its subjects for loss of | . 
     
     | trade through the discontinuance of prezent | 
     
     }treaties. But what could each of the British | Cumberland’s Agent, Charles Wright, Esqr. 
     
     | Provinces do separately in this way? Could! 
     
     |any one of them by itself propose a treaty of| 
     
     reciprocity with any other community, or} 
     
     |} would the British Government, with its Known | 
     
     indifference to arrangements of this sort, yive 
     
     }encourazemeut to such schemes proposed by 
     
     | individual Colonies like Newfoundland or New 
     
     | Brunswick, each in its own interest? But a 
     
     British American Government would oceuny a | 
     
     | very different position, and would be cheertully | 
     
     | allowed to exercise a large amount of independ. | 
     
    
   
   
    
     and very ably sustained, ubjection to the 
     
     Grand Jury panel, on the ground that Col. 
     
    
   
   
    
     instigated the proceedin 
     
    
   
   
    
     It was argued ‘that he had 
     
    
   
   
    
     gs against 
     
    
   
   
    
     who 
     
     the tenants. 
     
     a direct interest in prosecuting the prisoners— 
     
     that he was biasscd azainst them; and that, 
     
     therefore, he was disqualified from sitting on 
     
     the Grand Jury. We did not hear the argu- 
     
    
   
   
    
     ments on the Crown side, but they are very 
     
    
   
   
    
     and navigation returns in the same way as at ae "ita : : 
     
     home. A native coasting) boat had been run |“ eae im matters of trade, so long as it did 
     
     inuito and sunk by an Eaglish steamer, and | °°* rade ae Se ee to compro- 
     
     fifteen! persons @-owned. | mis’ t 1¢ principles or endanger the peace of the 
     
     , ee ‘4 empire. Leaving out of account the poOSssi- 
     
    

    
     NEW ZEALAND. | bility of arrangements abroad for opening up| 
     
    

    
     A ministerial crisis has occurred in New new channels of trade, the first business of a} 
     
     Zealand. For some time before the departure | united Government, in the event we have been | 
     
     of the mail te Weid ministry, always stronzly | supposing, would be to extend the home mar- 
     
     suppertes on a question of confidence, met| kets. The first step in this directiow would, of 
     
     with Various minor defeats throuzh sections of | course, be the abi lition of the five hostile tariffs 
     
     their supporters courting popularity in view of; aud diferent currencies which separate the Pro- 
     
     an approaching «ection. These defeats be-| vinces from each other as much as if they were 
     
     came at length so aqnoying and embarrassing | foreizn countries. The effect of this at present 
     
     that they resigned on the 12th October last.) is that the smaller Provinces have no home- 
     
     Me. Stafford, wha was Premier in Governor| market, unless the fact that Prince Edward 
     
     Brown's time, was sent for, and when the mail| Island helps to consume its own oats, New- 
     
     left (October 15) was enzazed in forming a} foundland its codfish, Nova Scotia its coal, and 
     
     ministry. The only appointments he had then| New Brunswick its lumber, may be said to 
     
     made, however, were Mr. John Williamson, | prove the contrary. No community, with a 
     
     late Superintendant of Auckland, to take charge | population of less than three hundred thousand, 
     
     of native afairs; and Mr. Russell, the Defenc+| and separated from all its neighbours by tariffs 
     
     Minister in the Whitaker-Fox administration, | and other impediments, can help being a “ one- 
     
    
   
   
    
     to fill the same office under Mr. Stafford. It 
     
     was supposed that Mr. Stafford would endeavor 
     
     to retain 4s many imperial troups inthe Colony 
     
     as he could. The supporters of the late minis- 
     
     try, however, had taken the alarm at their own 
     
     supineness, and wou!d probably muster to re- 
     
     place them- 
     
     ee 
     
     ( From the Scottish American Journal.) 
     
    
   
   
    
     THE RECIPROCITY TBEATY AND PRO- 
     
     VINCIAL TRADE. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Within a limited period the Treaty of Reci- 
     
     procity, under which the trade and avriculture 
     
     of tse British Provinces have attained their 
     
    

    
     regent position, will have come to an end. 
     
     Vhether another treaty will at once be substi- 
     
     tuted for it, is not yet known—most probably 
     
     not. Jt is fully expected that American states- 
     
     men will venture experimentally, for a time 
     
     at least, in the pelicy contemplated by Mr. 
     
     Seward ten years azo, and cherished very gene- 
     
     rally still, of attempting to force the Provinces 
     
     to enter the Union through the stern teaching 
     
     of ns cessity, which it is assumed they must ex- 
     
     perience a3 a matter of course on the abrogation 
     
     of the Treaty. It is not expected, therefore, 
     
     that the Washinzton Government will consent 
     
     to any arrangement tliat would be at all reci- 
     
     procal in its benefits; not likely they are even 
     
     willing to renew the t-eaty that is about to lapse, 
     
     which has been by no means even-handed. 
     
     I, addition to free trade in ceriain commod'ties, 
     
     it has involved most important concessions on 
     
     the part of the Provinees for which they have 
     
     had no equivaleut ia kind. They have given 
     
     the use of their canals, thourh denied a corres- 
     
     ponding privile re froin the other side. In ex- 
     
     ehange for fishing privile ses, which furnish em- 
     
     ployment to fleets of New England schooners, 
     
     enjoyias @ bounty from their Government, the 
     
     eoueession was made of fishing rights on the 
     
     Americar evast not si flicient to tempt a single 
     
     fisherman from the British Provinces. The 
     
     injustice in the matter of the coasting trade 
     
     aad shipping registry need not be specified, 
     
     seeing that American statesmen have always 
     
     refused to concede to the people of the Pro- 
     
     vinees what ia freely ranted to themselves on 
     
     all shores of the British Empire. Then, as re- 
     
     garda the tarif generally, every manutactured 
     
     article ig taxed at a much higher rate than it 
     
     was ten years ago, lhe people of the Pro- 
     
     vinces have no strict ri ght to complain of this, 
     
     and even the American example with reference 
     
     to the Canadian tari? of 20 per cent, should 
     
     not provoke them, merely for the sake of re- 
     
     crimination, 4o complain of the 35 per cent. 
     
     whieh the States sow \mpose on all the leading 
     
     Staples. But if there was any reason to ex- 
     
     pect that the people of the Provinces, in retarn 
     
     for the free market extended to them for their 
     
     raw products, should purchase whatever manu- 
     
     factured articles they require, chiefly from the 
     
     States, the former had a right to complain if 
     
     the prices in the latter .re s0 enormously raised 
     
     by means of a protective tariff as to tax the 
     
     econspmer abroad as well as at home, for the 
     
     benefit of the American manufacturer. The 
     
     great rise in the price of all kinds of goods 
     
     manufactured in the Sites, aTords, therefore, 
     
     an additional reason why the British Provinces 
     
     should draw their sunplies from other markets, 
     
     and, at all events, diseontinue any special en- 
     
     garements by which nearly their whole trade 
     
     is directed into a channel which, as a souree of 
     
     supply, has become so costly, and is in many 
     
     ocber respects disadvan; ageons, more especially 
     
     as icpdingz to interfere with the development of 
     
     direct ¢ with other parts of the world. 
     
    

    
     On nagher side, ther: fore, are the cousider- 
     
     ations in favor of a renewal of the Treaty likely 
     
     49 be decisive, Cyitain'y, on the British side, 
     
    
   
   
    
     establish a trade, and even the settlers on the 
     
    
   
   
    
     horse’? concern. It cannot manufacture a 
     
     pound of sugar or a yard of cotton, or a reap- 
     
     ing machine, at the same cost as the manufac- 
     
     turer who commands a larger market. For 
     
     these and a hundied other things it must go 
     
     elsewhere ; and if its purchases are made in a 
     
     market where there is a protective duty of 35 
     
     per cent., it has to pay that additional per cent 
     
     age, not to the revenue of the country, but to 
     
     the manufacturer, for it is the latter 6nly who 
     
     benetits by protection, the revenue suffering 
     
     just in proportion as he gains, and all the non- 
     
     manufacturing part of the community suffering 
     
     also. Thus each of the Maritime Provinces, 
     
     besides paying its own duties, has to pay to the 
     
     manufacturer an additional price that is equal 
     
     to the duty imposed by his own Government 
     
     jalso. Ifthe Blue Nose goes to Canada, he has 
     
     in like manner to pay an equivalent to the Ca- 
     
     nadian duty and his own local duty when he 
     
     imports the article, whereas the Colonies united 
     
     under one Government, he would, of course, 
     
     only be charged one duty. 
     
    

    
     But it is not a question of tariffs merely, nor 
     
     would a Custom Union alone supply what is 
     
     wanted. The natural development of trade is 
     
     impeded by a hundred little obstacles, which 
     
     ean only be removed by the various communi- 
     
     ties being united under one Government for po- 
     
     litical and general purposes, and animated by | 
     
     acommon spirit. It is objected that there is| 
     
     little trade between Canada and the Lower Pro- 
     
     vinees now, and that there is no reason to sup- 
     
     pose it would be greatly increased by a politcal 
     
     union, My argument in the meantime is that 
     
     such a union is essential, if the Provinces, and 
     
     especially the smaller Provinces, are not to con- 
     
     tinue dependent on the good will of the United 
     
     States. There is little trade now, because, as 
     
     already pointed out, the Lower Provinces have 
     
     each been so restricted by an absurd system of 
     
     fiscal and political separations that they have 
     
     never had inducements to develope their abun- 
     
     dant powers and resources. The Lower Pro- 
     
     vinces import the greater part of their bread- 
     
     stuffs, while Canada is a large consumer of fish. 
     
     The former are the stapie products of Canada, 
     
     and the latter of the Maritime Provinces. 
     
     Nevertheless the Lower Provinces get their 
     
     ttour chiefly from the States, and any fish im- 
     
     ported by Canada comes from New England, 
     
     and thus although the flour is in great part 
     
     made from Canadian wheat, and the fish chiefly 
     
     cauzht on the shores of the British Provinces. 
     
     This remarkable diversion of trade is owing to 
     
     no vatural cause, and if it is want of enterprise 
     
     that is to blame, it is want of political enter- 
     
     prise, which by makin zs the several communities 
     
     one in Government, in interest, and in senti- 
     
     ment, would strike at the root of the matter 
     
     onee for all. There is no scope for en 
     
     terprise, it is not to be looked for. If small 
     
     neizhboring communities are separated from 
     
     each other by innumerable restrictions, trade 
     
     and capital will shun the place. Though the 
     
     Gulf of St. Lawrence affords good water com- 
     
     munication for eight months in the year, and 
     
     the Provinces of Lower Canada and New Brun- 
     
     swick are connected by a tract of country well 
     
     adapted for agriculture, there is no communi- 
     
     cation either by sea or by land that is deserving 
     
     of the name, and there never will be so long as 
     
     the Government at either end think they can 
     
     manage their little business through the adijoin- 
     
     ing territory of the States. What has been 
     
     done by Canada in running a small steamer 
     
     fortnightly from Quebec to Pictou has not been 
     
     sufficient to prove the necessity for more ample 
     
     and frequent means of intercourse ; the accom- 
     
     modation has deen too limited and uncertain to 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     of Chaleurs, the 
     
     and the south in, 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     opposite sides of the Pa 
     
     North side being in homede, 
     
    
   
   
    
     , conduct of the Deputy Sheriff. 
     
    
   
   
    
     ably summed up in the judgment delivered by 
     
     Mr. Justice Peters, who quashed the Indict- 
     
     ment against the prisoneis on the motion of 
     
     The Addiess of the 
     
     Judge will be found hereto annexed. 
     
     We are glad to find that those vexatious 
     
     cases are thus disposed of, so far. 
     
    
   
   
    
     their Counsel. learned 
     
    
   
   
    
     They may, 
     
     indeed, be brought up at the next Jury Term, 
     
     when no interested paity like Mr. Wright will 
     
     be found on the Grand Inquest to obstruct the 
     
     due couise of law; but better feelings than now 
     
     subsist between laudiord and tenaut generally 
     
     may prevail before then, and we may be nearer 
     
     to a solution of the whole vexed question which 
     
     has set landlord and tenant by the earsso long, 
     
     and which has so materially retarded the pros- 
     
     perity of the Colony. Ifthe teuants had been 
     
     put upon their trial, they might have been con- 
     
     victed of unlawfully assembling ; and many un- 
     
     fortunate men—the dupes of designing vaga- 
     
     bonds in the Tenant League—would have been 
     
     subjected to painful punishments and penalties, 
     
     afflicting to themselves and their families, and 
     
     And if they had 
     
     been acquitted, through generous but mistaken 
     
     sympathy onthe part of the Pctit Jury, it is just 
     
     possible that public confidence would be shaken 
     
     in the Jury system, so far as our Island is con- 
     
     cerned, and encouragement given to further un- 
     
     lawful assemblages and riotous proceedings. 
     
     But the whole ugly business has been disposed 
     
     of, so far, very handsomely ; and we hope that 
     
     the Supreme Court and the publie will hear no 
     
    
   
   
    
     diszraceful to the Colony. 
     
    
   
   
    
     more of it. 
     
    

    
     Facts have lately transpired—and we appre- 
     
     hend that there are many more in abeyance— 
     
     which prove conclusively that the unlawful 
     
     assembla.rces which the tenantry are said to have 
     
     committed, were aggravated, if not in some 
     
     instances directly caused, by the rough, bad 
     
     He pursued the 
     
     He used threats 
     
     on the highway against parties with whom he 
     
     was not authorised to have any dealings,—the 
     
    
   
   
    
     innocent as well as the guilty. 
     
    
   
   
    
     delicacy of sex, and the feebleness and gentle- 
     
     ness of age, suggesting to his coarse mind— 
     
     duly stimulated for his feats of chivalry—the 
     
     class of persons against whom such a fellow 
     
     should make a display of his Dutch courage. A 
     
     wide berth he gave to those who showed mus- 
     
     cular power sufficient to crush him with the 
     
     greatest ease — who, laughing at his impotent 
     
     fury, his abuse, and his Dutch courage, sent 
     
     him snivelling to town to report that he was 
     
     unable to discharge his duty. That many were 
     
     frightened of him, barred up their premises, 
     
     and fled to the woods—is an indisputable fact. 
     
     Had he any well founded pretensions to the 
     
     character of a gentleman—had he even the 
     
     commonest deceney, such as the meanest con- 
     
     stable in the land is not wholly destitute of— 
     
     we believe his office and himself would have 
     
     been respected where both were treated with 
     
     We think he has the un- 
     
     enviable credit of kelping to diszrace the Co- 
     
     lony ; and most certainly the Shrievalty of this 
     
     County will never be honoured while he has the 
     
     least connection with it. 
     
    
   
   
    
     sovereign conte mpt. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ARGUMENTS AND DECISION IN THE 
     
     SUPREMECOURT ON THE INDICT- 
     
     MENTS FOR RIOT AND CONSPIRACY. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     (Reported by Mr. A. MeNeill.} 
     
    
   
   
    
     Tuerspay, January 12, 
     
     Hon. E. PALMER, Attorney General, assisted 
     
     by the Hon. SOLICITOR GENERAL, and the 
     
     Hon. JOHN LONGWORTH, Queen's Counsel, 
     
     on behalf of the Crown, contended that sufficient 
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     the delendants, whieh, hy says, Was the obstrue-— 
     
    
   
   
    
     'with the view fo withhold the pay ment of rents. 
     
     No cause, he Raid, was obviows Why Mr. Ww right, 
     
     ‘as Agent, could not be on the Grand Jury, 4 he | 
     
     \grounds for @ Challenge which applied to petit 
     
     | Jurors would jot apply te Grand Jurors—in 
     
     {support of which he quoted authorities, and cov- 
     
     | teuded that any andue influence or prejudice which 
     
     lmight be considered grounds of challenge to a 
     
     /Petit Juror would hot forma sufficteat objection 
     
     lee a Grand Juror, fie thet proceeded ty con- 
     
     trast the duties of Grand aid Petit Jurors, show- 
     
     jing the eX parte nature, and inconclusive effeet of 
     
     ‘the decisions of the former body, and urging that 
     
     as a reason for the distiuetion between them. His 
     
     Honor coutended also that the interest of the 
     
     Agent was not equal to that of lis principal, aud 
     
     read law authorities on that poist. He then sub- 
     
     mitted that Courts never quashed Indictwents, if 
     
     for serions offencestike thuse alleged against the 
     
     De‘endants in the case before the Court; except ns 
     
     where tery strong grounds Were produced against 
     
     such Indictment. The Hon. SOLICITORGENE 
     
     RAL followed, and explained the mode by which 
     
     Graud Jurors were selected, showing that the 
     
     Sheriff, being bul a ministerial officer, could know 
     
     nothing of the cases to be brought belore said 
     
     Jurors. He coutended that the grounds taken by 
     
     the Counsel for the traversers were not sufficient 
     
     to quash the Ludictment, 
     
    

    
     Hon. Mr. LONGWORTH, Q. C., next ad- 
     
     dressed the Court on bebalf of the Crown, and 
     
     said that public justicejand the peace of the country 
     
     were concerned in the case before the Court; 
     
     and he contended that it would be necessary tor 
     
     the learned Counsel for the Defendants to prove 
     
     that Mr. Wright bad a personal and direct in- 
     
     terest in the prose: ution st eh as to warp and bias 
     
     his mind as a Jarer, iu order te make good thei: 
     
     vbjection. The object of the prosecution, be 
     
     said, was, to prevent the Constitution under 
     
     which it is our privilege to live from bring 
     
     trampled upon. The Juror in question had no 
     
     more direct interest in that than any other indi- 
     
     vidual in the community. 
     
    

    
     The learned Counsel then contended that even 
     
     if Col. Cumberland might be objected to, the 
     
     Counsel for the defence had not produced any 
     
     single case to prove that the ageut, Mr Wright, 
     
     was disqualified ; and in support ef that position 
     
     the learved Counsel quoted authorities to show 
     
     ihe distinction between the pusitivn of a principal 
     
     and that of his agent. 
     
    

    
     Hon. Mr. HENSLEY then addressed the Court 
     
     in support of the wotieu to quash the Lndictment, 
     
     and preceeded to quoie authorities in support of 
     
     his position, He coutended that the same right 
     
     existed to challenge the Grand Jury as the Petit 
     
     Jury; and he read from an American note to 
     
     Chiity’s Criminal Law, showmg that what dis- 
     
     qualiticd a Petit Juror also disqualified a Grand 
     
     jJuror Tt, said he, the Grand Jury is net a fair 
     
     jand impartial tribunal, it had better be dissolved 
     
     | Would any one attempt to argue that Mr.Wright 
     
     }eould sitas a Petit Juror in the case before the 
     
     )Court? "de thenght net. How then ean it for 
     
     lohe moment be urged that the same objections 
     
     |would not apply against him as Grand Juror? 
     
     ) Partiahty, interest, er prejudice will be as fatal 
     
     ito the free admiuistration of justice in the one 
     
     case as in the other, and theretere no distinction 
     
     jeould be drawn. The object of all British tri- 
     
     ;bunals was to administer justice, especially m 
     
     | Crown cases, with as mitch iveedem from bias as 
     
     Nething could be said against Mr. 
     
     | Wright’s character; but it was impossible to 
     
     suppose that he could act with that perfect indifl- 
     
     | ference, and therongh disinterestedness so essen- 
     
     jtially necessary for a Juror in this ease. He 
     
     liusisted that the objectiaus taken to fhe Bill of 
     
     i Indiettnent were on fair grounds: and, on benalf 
     
    
   
   
    
     lof his clients, the Defeudauts, would submit his 
     
    
   
   
    
     motion to quash the proceedings tu the superior 
     
     |wisdom of their Lordships. 
     
    

    
     M McLEOD, Esqr, followed Mr. Hensley,and 
     
     | contended—first, that the mind of a Juror must 
     
     be unbiassed. and that to disqualify him, it is not 
     
     necessary that be should bave a pecuniary interest 
     
     jin the matter in dispute. Second, that what dis- 
     
     jqualfied a Petit Juror disqnalified 9 Grand 
     
     iJuror., Third, that from the relation of Charles 
     
     | Wright, Esq, to Col. Cumberland, who suffered 
     
     | by the all ged conduct of the Defendants, he was 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     possible, 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘one Juror rendered the proceedings of the whole 
     
     ! panel of Grand Jurors, against the Detendants, 
     
     fnull and veid. He then proceeded to show what 
     
     | disqualified Jurors, aud contended that if the 
     
     | Jury man was under the power of either party, or 
     
     lin their employment, or biassed from any cause 
     
     | whateser, he was disqualified; and he quoted 
     
     ) Chitty’s Crim. Law, p. 542; or even if either of 
     
     the parties avd Jurywan were fellow-servants, 
     
     ithe same authomty, page 544. The learned 
     
     } Counsel for the Crown, be said, admitted that 
     
     'Col. Cumberland himself would be incapacitated 
     
     [te act asa Juryman, and be contended that Mr. 
     
     Wright would be presumed in law to be still 
     
     more objectionable; for, said be, not only was he 
     
     interested on behalf of his principal, but he was 
     
     brought inte immediate contact with the Defend- 
     
     ants. He was defeated in his object to colleei 
     
     those reufs; his feelings were ruffled, and his 
     
     mind irritated by the conduct of the aecused; 
     
     and his irritation would be increased by the very 
     
     fact of having toe give an account of his failure te | 
     
     his superior. He then cited authorities to show | 
     
     | that a Juryman mest be indifferen'’, as he stands 
     
     lunsworn; and be read frou: Blackstone to show 
     
     how zealously and jealously the English Consti- 
     
     tution guards against evenapparent biasin Jurors. 
     
     He (Mr. MeLeod) said that it was contended by 
     
     the Counsel for the prosecution that there was a 
     
     | distinction in challenges between a private and 
     
     publie prosecution, such us that now before the 
     
     |Court. That distinction, he contended, was not 
     
     maintainable, and quoted authority to show that 
     
     challenges may be made in criminal cases, for the 
     
     very same reasons that they may be made in evil 
     
     leases. To show that the disqualification of one 
     
     | Juror mullified the proceedings of the whole panel 
     
     ag»inst bis chents, he quoted from several law 
     
     authorities. He alse read law to show that the 
     
     office of Grand Jurors was twofold: Ist, To see 
     
     Whether there was a sufficient cause to put a per 
     
     son tipou his trial; and, 2ud, te hear evidence for 
     
     the proseeution. If Grand Jurors were allowed 
     
     to be interested persons, there would be no guar- 
     
     antee against frivelous Or dnfounded prosecn- 
     
     tions. Tn hearing evidence they were judges on 
     
     the acensed person's guilt or innocence, and te 
     
     decide fairly they must be uninterested, unbiassed 
     
     and indifferent. He said that by law the defen- 
     
     dauts could not be convicted except by the unani- 
     
     mous voice of 24 of their equals, viz: 12 Petit 
     
     and 12 Grand Jarors. The Grand Jury was 
     
     composed of 23 persons, a majority of whom could | 
     
     find a Bill of Indietment. It was, therefore, pos- 
     
     sible that the Bill against his clients was found on 
     
     a division of the Grand Jurors of 12 against 11. 
     
     That the Juror objected to; and who directed the 
     
     issusing of the writs againsf the Defendants, whe 
     
     came into Court, smarting under the annoyance 
     
     caused by the Traversers’ resistance to the She 
     
     riff, may have been the very man who turned the 
     
     seale in the Grand Jury resem against them, and 
     
     that, therefore, the Indictment should be quashed. 
     
    
   
   
    
     He was followed by. D. O°M. REDDIN, Eeqr., 
     
     one of the Counsel for Defendauts, who said it was 
     
     unnecessary for him to detain the Court on the 
     
     jcase, as the learned Counsel who had preceded 
     
     him entered fully into the question. He would, 
     
     however, direct the attention of their Lordships 
     
     tu that freedow of mind so essential to aJuror—a 
     
     freedom which could not be enjoyed by the paid 
     
     agent of the man whosuflered by the alleged con- 
     
     duct of the Defeudants,—that Mr. Wright had a 
     
     pecuniary interest in the matter before the Court, 
     
     might be fairly inferred from the fact that he may 
     
     have been paid by commission on the amount col 
     
     lected by him. In that case his salary wonld 
     
     depend on the successfnl discharge of his duty in 
     
     the collection of the rents, and, therefore, it is 
     
     but reasonable to suppose that be felt deeply in- 
     
     terested iv obtaining a Biii against the Defendants. 
     
    

    
     € PALMER, Esgqr.. also Counsel fer defend. 
     
     ants, said the Indictment deelared those men 
     
     (the accused) were tenants to Col. Cumberland, 
     
     aud it would not be urged for one moment, that, 
     
     had the owner beeu here, he would be a compe- 
     
     tent Jurer; and as the agent’s power ceased to 
     
     exis’ at the will of the principal (whe at any mo- 
     
     went might employ another), he, the agent, war 
     
     therefore dependant for the holding his situation 
     
     on the will ef bis employer, interested in the sue- 
     
     cess of the proceedings aguinst the tenants; and, 
     
     therefore, binsed in regard to the resistance these 
     
     men had made to the writs he may have issued 
     
     for Col. Cumberland ; aud if 80, how could it be 
     
     said that be was not disqualified, as a Jurer, to 
     
     situs a judge on the cuse of those wen, whose 
     
     alleged disobedience to his orders formed the very 
     
     groundwork of the accusations against them. He 
     
     (Mr Palmer) turther argued, that as the Deputy 
     
     Sheriff was the prosecutor, aud the man whe re- 
     
     turned the Jury, that Jury being cf his choosing, 
     
     was disqualified. In support of this posiuen he 
     
     quoted Chet, Crim. Law, p 537, &e. He said it 
     
     was true the Jury were nominated befure the re- 
     
     sistance complained of oceurred, but it required 
     
     no great foresigit on the part of the Sheriff to an 
     
     licipate in June last (when he gave in the names 
     
     of these Jucors,) that a confliet with the tenantry 
     
     Was imminent,—in fact such a conflict bad ve- 
     
     curred; and, therefore, it was quite possible for 
     
     the Sheriff to select men favourable to himself. 
     
     But, be said, the law guarded jealously against all 
     
     partiality, and weuld not allow the Sheriff, when 
     
     presecuter in a cause, to seleet a Jury that mght 
     
     be picked to suit his purpose. He further cou- 
     
     tended that still the Common Law disabilty of 
     
     tho Sheriff to summon a Jury was not teuched by 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     authority had not Leen adduced by the learned 
     
     Counsel for the Defendants, te show cause why) 
     
     the Indictment should be quashed. Hon. ATTY. | 
     
     GENERAL fligt addressed the Court in defence. 
     
    
   
   
    
     of the Indictivent, the wature of which he fully. 
     
    
   
   
    
     the statute, and consequently still exists. He 
     
     then put seme cases in which he contended it 
     
     would be flagrantly unjust and contrary to Evg- 
     
     lish Law to permit the Sheriff to have the appoint- 
     
     ment of Jurors, and that the same jealous care of 
     
    
   
   
    
     [ee 
     
    
   
   
    
     explained. He also commented on the object of Hie 
     
    
   
   
    
     . 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     lm 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Lordship JUDGE PETERS then ad. 
     
     dressed the Court. He said the motion of the 
     
    
   
   
    
     dietment found by the Grand Jury against said 
     
     Defendants, for conspiracy, riet, aud unlawtlul as- 
     
     sembly. The object of the alleged conspiracy | 
     
     stated in the Indietment being to binder and_ 
     
     obstruct Col. Cumberland in the recovery of tis! 
     
     renis, and for that purpose to obstruct the Sheriff) 
     
     and his officers in serving writs on his tenants. | 
     
     The Indictment also contained counts tor as- 
     
     sault on the Deputy Sheriff and his Bailiffs, while 
     
     attempting to make such service, Lt appears, 
     
     said his Lordship, by the affidavit submitted by 
     
     the Counsel for the Defendants, that oue of the 
     
     Grand Jury, Charles Wright, Esq, who sat on 
     
     the finding of the bill, was the agent of Colonel 
     
     Cumberland for the collection of the reute, and 
     
     for the geveral arrangement of his Estate, and 
     
     as such dir cted the issuing 0! the writs,iu attem pt- 
     
     ing to serve which, the Deputy Sheriff and his 
     
     bailiffs were obstructed and assaulted. The mo- 
     
     tion is made on two points: Ist, That Wright's 
     
     position was stch as would naturally lead biw to 
     
     have an undue influence or prejudice against the 
     
     accused. And, 2nd, That as the assault was an 
     
     obstruction against the Deputy Sheriff and bis 
     
     Bailiffs, the High Sherifi must thereiove be pre- 
     
     sumed to be partial, and therefure that the whole 
     
     panel is open to objection, 
     
    

    
     A finding of twenty-four impartial jurors, con- 
     
     tinued His Logdship, is required by our law to 
     
     convict the accused of a criminal offence. Li a 
     
     a petit juror is of kin, interested or not indifferent, 
     
     there is no doubt he may be challenged, as he 
     
     comes to be sworn. His Lordship theu read the 
     
     law as laid down with respect to Grand Jurors 
     
     is, Chitty ov Criminal law. But it is argued by 
     
     the Attorney General and the Counsel for the 
     
     Crown, that theugh interest or relationship miay 
     
     be grounds to suspect undue influence or pre- 
     
     judice, which might form ground of challenge to a 
     
     petit Juror, are not a safficientobjection toa Grand 
     
     Juror; and also tuat the geveral uature ofa Grand 
     
     Juror’s duties to enquire after all offences ; and 
     
     the exparte nature and inconelnsive effect of their 
     
     decisions is urged as a reasou for the distinetian. 
     
     But, said his Lordship, there appears no sound 
     
     reason for that distinction. 1f a man cannot be 
     
     euuvicted without the voice ef 24 Jurors, is it pet 
     
     against all reason to say that though twelve ei 
     
     them must be mopartial, the other twelve need 
     
     not—if impartiality is regarded in the one body, 
     
     why not in the other also? The more general 
     
     nature of their duties can afford no compensation 
     
     to an accused who has suffered from the partiality 
     
     of al! or any of those by whum he has been cun- 
     
     demued. 
     
    

    
     The great object of the institution of the 
     
     Grand Jury, he said, was to prevent persons be- 
     
     ing even called on to answer fer alleged crimes 
     
     without reasonable grounds for acensation. It 
     
     has been described by great Jursts as the grand 
     
     bulwark of civil liberty. Their proceedings are 
     
     conducted in seeret, so that an accused or sus 
     
     pected person way vot, without reasouable prout 
     
     of guilt, sufler the mortification of a public trial. 
     
     If individuals, who were actors on either side in 
     
     transaclions, which, {row any material partof the 
     
     subject matter of au accusation could sit as Jur 
     
     ors, in deciding whetber an account should be sub- 
     
     | jected toa public trial or not, the principal object 
     
     ofthe inatitution, might in many cases, be defeated 
     
     He then read law and authority on that point. 
     
     True, said His Lordstup, the authority cited is an 
     
     American decision, but the general principles of 
     
     jaw applicable te such cases are the same in the 
     
     United States as here; and that decision only 
     
     follows What has been already decided in the 
     
     Queen's Beuch in Iveland.—( See State Trials )-—- 
     
     ‘That, said he, brings us to consider whether the 
     
     circumstances stated in the affidavit respecting 
     
     Mr. Wright support the ebjection. On this poirt 
     
     fils Lordship read from Chitty on Criminal! Law. 
     
     Could Col. Cumberland, continued His Lordship, 
     
     Whose right it was the alleged object of the cou- 
     
     syiracy to obstuct, have been considered free 
     
     from such reasenable suspicion of undue prejudice, 
     
     as alluded to by Chitty, aud therefore not liable 
     
     te challenge it called as a petit Juror? 
     
    

    
     The Counsel for the Crowu at first contended, 
     
     that be (Col. Cumberland) would be free from 
     
     such su picion, but on examining the Indictment, 
     
     they very prope:ly abandoned that idva. But 
     
     then they contend that though Col. Cumberland 
     
     , might be challenged, his agent was not neees- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     | presumed in taw te be unindifferent, aud therefore | S8Uly open to the same objection, But we think 
     
     was on the panel, and that he was the party ‘disqualified. And fourth—that the ineapacity of |" impossible, said His Lordship, under the cér- 
     
    
   
   
    
     cUlpstances of this case, to hold that an objection 
     
     , good as to the principal is set equally good against 
     
     | the vgent. Mr. Wright was the agent tor the 
     
     collection of these very reuts, which it was the 
     
     object of the alleged conspiracy to prevent being 
     
     recovered, He, in fact, instituted tie legal pro- 
     
     ceedings against the tenants from whom they 
     
     were due; and though he might have no peenniary 
     
     iiterest in their recovery, yet he might very rea- 
     
     sunably be presuined to labor under what wae 
     
     aplly desersbed by Mr. McLeod (one of the 
     
     Counsel for the Deleudauts), as that ruffling and 
     
     irritation of the mind, very naturally feit by one 
     
     who has been engaged in couflict with there sus- 
     
     pected of a cowbination against bim, or whe 
     
     have by determined violence or intimidation, pre- 
     
     vented, or attempted to obstruct, the due course 
     
     of proceedings which he (hough on another's 
     
     behalf) may have instituted against them. 
     
     —————- 2» oe ______ 
     
    
   
   
    
     OTHER TENANT CASES. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Cuarres Dickieson and others, who were 
     
     put upon their trial for assault and rescue, dur- 
     
     ing the present term of the Supreme Court, 
     
     were convicted on Saturday evening of the 
     
     lesser offence of common assault. Joseph 
     
     Doucette, who was tried on a separate indict- 
     
     ment, was convicted on the double offence of 
     
     resistance to the Sheriff's officers, and assault. 
     
     Of these trials we have not yet received notes 
     
     from the Reporter, Mr. A. McNeill, who, we un- 
     
     derstand, reported the cases; but he will pro- 
     
     bably give them to our readers in our next No. 
     
    
   
   
    
     -_-_--——> o> <a> -e oe ——_ 
     
     Tue Recierocrry Qvestion continues to 
     
    
   
   
    
     occupy a great deal of attention with Provincial 
     
     That the United 
     
    
   
   
    
     States Government and Conzress will not con- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     and American journals. 
     
    
   
   
    
     sent to a renewal of the existing treaty, or to 
     
     the formation of any treaty at all — seems to 
     
     be the decided opinion of all parties. Brother 
     
     Jonathan clamours for protection — for com- 
     
     mercial non-intercourse with the Provinces, as 
     
     a means of punishing them for their sympathy 
     
     with the Southern Confederrcy in the late war, 
     
     and coercing them to think favourably of an- 
     
     nexation. We believe the Provinces haye al- 
     
     ready shown too much anxiety in regard to a 
     
     renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty; and if it 
     
     cannot be had but as a means to annexaticn, 
     
     we hope it will be indignantly rejected. We 
     
     eopy into our present No. from the New York 
     
     Scottish American an excellent argumentative 
     
     article on this subject, which we commend to 
     
     the careful perusal of our readers. 
     
     ~~ 
     
     Provixciat Po.irics.—The Hon. Ferguson 
     
     Blair has taken the place of President of the 
     
     Executive Council of Canada, recently filled by 
     
     the Hon. George Brown. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Mr. Blair professes 
     
     the same Reform politics as Mr. Brown, and has 
     
     taken office with the full concurrence of his 
     
     party. He is a warm advocate of Confeder- 
     
     ation, like his predecessor.—It is stated in some 
     
     of our latest New Brunswick papers, that the 
     
     Hon. R. D. Wilmot, a member of the Executive 
     
     Council of New Brunswick, has retired from 
     
     the Government of that Province, on account 
     
     of a difference of opinion with his collea sues 
     
     onihe question of Confederation—the retiring 
     
     member being in favour of the union of the 
     
     Colonies. 
     
    
   
   
    
     “Tne Rarrares.’’—Our readers who may 
     
     feel inciined to peruse an interesting Story, 
     
     illustrative of some phases in Irish character— 
     
     will find such a one on our first page from the 
     
     charming works of the gifted Irish authoress, 
     
     Mrs. 8. C. Hall. Other stories from the aad 
     
     source, and eyually interesting, will be given 
     
     in sueceedinz Nos. 
     
    
   
   
    
     >? —— 
     
    

    
     Westeyan Missionary Soctety. — The 
     
     anniversary meeting of the Wesleyan Auxiliary 
     
     Missionary Society will be he!d in Charlotte- 
     
     town this evening—chair to be taken at seven 
     
    
   
   
    
     , 
     
     o'clock. 
     
     —_————__ —- ~~» > aD oo @__ 
     
    
   
   
    
     GLEANINGS FROM PAPERS 
     
     BY TUK LAST ENGLISH MAIL. 
     
    
   
   
    
     THE JAMAICA INSURRECTION. 
     
    

    
     Cambiidze has been the scene of a stormy 
     
     meeting relative to the insurrection in Jamaica- 
     
     The appearance of a placard calling on “ Eng- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     the law against partiality rendered that Grand 
     
     Jury, a8 regarded bis clients, unqualitied. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     lishmen”™ to attend the meeting and support 
     
     Gov. Eyre was warmly responded to, and cheers | 
     
    
   
   
    
     practised on the negroes. 
     
     of Mr. Gordon, met the approval of this Cam- 
     
    
   
   
    
     the execution uf his duty,| Counsel tor the Defeadants was te quash an Li- bridye meeting, as well as the shooting, hang 
     
    
   
   
    
     ing, and flo rginz of the black people, men and 
     
     women. The political element entered largely 
     
     inte the composition of the assembly, for the 
     
     Conservatives of Cambrid ze took the matter 
     
     warmly up, and crowded the place with per- 
     
     sohg entertaining similar views. The proceed- 
     
     ings were brought to a close by the carrying 
     
     of a resolution declaring it to be unjust to the 
     
     Governor to pass any opinion on his conduct 
     
     pending the inquiry which is now to be insti- 
     
     tuted, But much more important than this 
     
     meeting is the letter of Mr. Ruskin relative to 
     
     the Jamaica question. The spirit of this letter 
     
     has been severely criticised, and it must be ad- 
     
     mitted that it is thoroughly Ruskinish ; but it 
     
     is original and clever, like all that proceeds 
     
     from the man, and is a contribution to Go- 
     
     vernor Eyre’s strength or ferocity—as people 
     
     may regard it—which will tell at the present 
     
     moment. At Southampton there was.a stormy 
     
     meeting, the Mayor in the chair, relative to 
     
     the troubles in Jamaica, when an amendment 
     
     reprobating the conduct of the authorities in 
     
     the Island was carried by a majority. Mr. 
     
     Russell Gurney will be joined in the Jamaica 
     
     enjuiry with the new Governor-in-Chief. 
     
    

    
     he Daily News asserts that Col. Nelson, 
     
     who ordered the trial of Mr. Gordon by court- 
     
     martial, who approved its sentence, and ordered 
     
     the execution, may, beyond a doubt, be put 
     
     upon his trial for murder, either in Jamaica, or 
     
     in any English country in which he may set his 
     
     foot. And neither he nor any of his officers 
     
     and soldiers, who have had a part in the slangh- 
     
     ter of Her Majesty’s subjects, will be able to 
     
    
   
   
    
     a court-martial if the slaughter wxs contrary to 
     
     the established law of the land. 
     
     THE TREATY BETWEEN ENGLAND 
     
     AND AUSTRIA. 
     
     The foreign office seems to have succeeded 
     
    
   
   
    
     The execution, too, ' overboard. A volley from the gallant tittle 
     
    
   
   
    
     absolve themselves by the pretended forms of 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
          
     
    
   
   
    
     jband, covered by the Opossum’s guns, sooq — 
     
     dispersed them. The junke were moored yj 
     
     their broadsides to the inlet, and carried from 
     
     six to eight 24 and 18 pounders each, whick 
     
     being brought on one side of the vessels, made 
     
     a formidable battery, sufficient to beat off of 
     
     sink any gunboat that attempted the | 7 
     
     Lieut. St. John burnt the junks, and re-embark. 
     
     ed his men without a casuality, which reflects 
     
     much credit on him, for he executed a dashi 
     
     act, for which he is highly eulogised by the 
     
     Hong Kong press. Ou board one of the junkg 
     
     he found a little Chinese boy, eight or nine 
     
     years of age. He had been taken prisoner by 
     
     these pirates about six days previously, when 
     
     he received a spear wound, three inches deep, 
     
     in the shoulder. The poor child could oa 
     
     give a confused account of the attack on the 
     
     junk he was in. His shipmates were either 
     
     killea or dispersed, and he found himself alone, 
     
     a slave amongst a pirate crew. He is now 
     
     under the kind treatment of the Pa of the 
     
     Princess Charlotte, and most valuable evidence 
     
     has he given at the police court, which will 
     
     doubtless convict the prisoners brought in 
     
     the Opossum. Within the last twelve monthg 
     
     Lieut. St. John has captured 35 pirate junkg, 
     
     mounting in the aggregate 14@ guns, taken 56 
     
     pirates, and liberated 150 captives. 
     
     oo —OCt—— 
     
     CANADIAN AFFAIRS. 
     
     The mystery attending the Hon. 
     
     Brown's resignation has not yet been s¢ 
     
     thongh another ee his place in the € 
     
    
   
   
    
         
     
        
     
       
     
         
     
       
     
        
     
    
   
   
    
     net. The Hon. A. J. Fergusson Blair, 
     
     esteemed personally and politically, takes offfigs 
     
    
   
   
    
     again, and is the new President of the © 
     
     There is reason to believe that the @ 
     
     ment, thus modifie¢, will work harmé 
     
     Those who care to have the riddle of t 
     
     expounded, must wait for Time or Pavlia 
     
     or the Globe. 
     
    

    
     Mr. Galt and Mr. Howland were expected ta 
     
    
   
   
    
     better in the nesociations for the preliminary 
     
     treaty between Eng'and and Austria than did 
     
     the Board of Trade, with whose representations 
     
     they originated. The treaty was signed ou the 
     
     16th, and the maximum duty is to be twenty- 
     
    
   
   
    
     start for Washington yesterday ; and they will 
     
     assuredly carry with them our best wishes. 
     
     for their success in counteracting the anti- 
     
     Canadian animus, which seem to have the 
     
     American authorities and Congressmen just 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     twenty per cent. in 1870. Austria reserves 
     
     power, we see it stated, to make further reduc- 
     
     tions when the definite treaty is signed in March 
     
     next, if our Government will yield the conces- 
     
     sions asked on corn and wine, The abolition 
     
     of the shilling duty on corn, originally imposed 
     
     for the mere purpose of registration, has long 
     
     been au eyesore to our own economists, but as 
     
     it has long yielded upwards of a million per 
     
     annum, no Chancellor of the Exchequer since 
     
     Sir Robert Peel’s time has been induced to 
     
     zive it up. It would probably have been con- 
     
     tinued in perpetuity but for the demand which 
     
     Austria has now made. 
     
    
   
   
    
     AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. 
     
    
   
   
    
     becoming a favourite with the Hungarian nation. 
     
     He has approached them in words of peace, 
     
     and the visit which he has paid to their capital 
     
     has evoked a burst of loyalty. IJ}luminations 
     
     and shouts of joy are the fruits of the new and 
     
     wise policy on which he has entered. His 
     
     speech to the National Diet atzurs well, not 
     
     merely as regards Hungary, but also othe: 
     
     branches of the Austrian Empire. The follow. 
     
     ing passage from his speech shows how wise 
     
     the follies of the past have made the Emperor 
     
     Francis Joseph :—* The well-understood inter- 
     
     ests of our kingdom of Hungary, equally with 
     
     the welfare and security of our entire realm, 
     
     require the speediest possible settlement in or- 
     
     der that the constitutional rights of the various 
     
     kingdoms and countries of our empire may be 
     
     permanently assuredby the intimate union of all 
     
     our people and may develope themselves upon a 
     
     firmer basis, and rejoice in fruitful prosperity.”’ 
     
     There can be little doubt that while the ancient 
     
     kinzdom of Hungary will take care of all its 
     
     rizshts and liberties, it will remember at the 
     
     same time that it forms pait of a young consti- 
     
     tutional empire, and that it is desirable for the 
     
     permanent welfare of the whole that a spirit of 
     
     amity and patriotism should animate each parti- 
     
     cu'ar pa:t. The Emperor of Austria could not 
     
     take a more prudent step at the present time, 
     
     now that the past is forgiven and forgetten, 
     
     than to allow Louis Kossuth to return to the 
     
     count:y he loves so well. The inaugural ad- 
     
     dress of Count Julius Andrassy, the fist Vice 
     
     President of the Lower House of the Hunga- 
     
     rian Diet, delivered on the 21st, stated substan- 
     
     tially that the interests of Hungary were one 
     
     with those of the empire, and he took what 
     
     may be termed a large view of the situation. 
     
    
   
   
    
     ITALY: 
     
    

    
     The financial condition of Italy is felt to be 
     
     very uusatisfactory, and the new taxes, more 
     
     especially the one on the grinding of corn, are 
     
     regaided as extremely onpressive, and are ex- 
     
     citing general dissatisfaction; yet the people 
     
     are grumbling at the reduction of the army, the 
     
     expense of which is the chief cause of the finan- 
     
     cial pressure. Indeed, any considerable reduc- 
     
     tion of the army while Venetia is in possession 
     
     of Austria would be regarded by the mass of 
     
     the people as little Jess than national suicide. 
     
     If any arranzement could be made for the trans- 
     
     fer of the Italian provinces from Austria to 
     
     Victor Emmanuel, the German as well as the 
     
     Italian element would be greatly strengthened. 
     
     Venetia is the weak point of Francis Joseph's 
     
     policy. He may conciliate and even become 
     
     popular with the other branches of his outlying 
     
     possessions, which, in point of fact, he is rapid- 
     
     iy doing; but he can never induce the Italians 
     
     te love his rule, and the Jarge standing army 
     
     which he is compelled in consequence to keep 
     
     is a serious drain upon his finances, as well as 
     
     on those of his brother monarch. There is 
     
     some talk in Italy that the Government will 
     
     seize upon the mortmain property of the reli- 
     
     zious houses, not, it appears, with a view to 
     
     their appropriation by the State, but to devote 
     
     the proceeds to lecal purposes in the different 
     
     districts in which the property exists. The 
     
     position of the Finance Minister of Italy is not 
     
     things stand, time is not likely to improve it. 
     
     Theve is a Ministerial crisis in Italy. General 
     
     de Marmora announced to the Senate on the 
     
     21st, that he and his collearues had tendered 
     
     their resignation, which the King had accepted ; 
     
     but it is not stated who their successors will be. 
     
     An oilice in the present condition of Italy is 
     
     not a sinecure, 
     
    

    
     FrLorence, Dec. 22.—General de Marmora 
     
     has been entrusted with the formation of a 
     
     uew cabinet. It is expected that he will ac- 
     
     complish this task to-day. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     DASHING ATTACK ON PIRATES. 
     
    

    
     The Opossum gunboat, tender to the Prin- 
     
     cess Charlotte, returned to Hong Kong on the 
     
     \9th of October, after performinz a brilliant 
     
     service, without asinzle casuality. The pirates 
     
     in the immediate vicinity of Hong Kony hav- 
     
     ing lately become very daring, and the senior 
     
     officer in charge of that division having infor- 
     
     mation that a number were collected in Mirs 
     
     Bay, from which they could readily pounce 
     
     upon vessels proceeding to the northern ports 
     
     of China, sent Lieut. St. John in the Opcssum 
     
     in search of them. When the Opossum reach- 
     
     ed Mirs Bay, three junks were sighted, the crews 
     
     of which were throwing guns overboard and 
     
     hurrying on shore ; and on being boarded, they 
     
     proved to be two pirate junks and a captured 
     
     fishing junk; under hatches in the former 
     
     were found eight men and four women. Lieut. 
     
     St. John burnt the two pirate junks, and 
     
     handed the other over to the original owners, 
     
     from whom he received valuable intellizence, 
     
     acting upon which, he steamed for Tooh-i-ang 
     
     Island, just before the break of day. On the 
     
     northeast side of that island there is a well- 
     
     concealed bay, with a narrow and shallow en- 
     
     trance, where junks can only get in at high 
     
     water. Here Lieut. St. John ohserved over 
     
     the land three large junks anchored, and he 
     
     immediately decided on attacking them in the 
     
     rear, which he successfully accomplished by 
     
     landing a force, and under shelter of a small 
     
     wood crossing a strip of land, came upon them 
     
     unawares, the gunboat in the meantime steam- 
     
     ing in for the entrance. There were upwards 
     
     of a hundred men ou board the junks, who, as 
     
     soon as the gunboat hove in sight, commenced 
     
     casting loose their guns, and making other pre- 
     
     parations for resistance; but the cheers of the 
     
     little band of blue jackets created such a panic 
     
     amongst them that there was a general rush 
     
     overboard, and a hasty retreat to the hills. 
     
     Lieut. St. John was soon in possession of the 
     
     junks, but could only secure four prisoners, 
     
     who are now lod sed in the jail at Hong Kong. 
     
     The piratesr ecovering from their surprise, ral- 
     
     lied, and 20 being encouraged and led on by a 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     chief or head man, advanced to between 40 
     
     and [0 yads, brandishing their swords and 
     
     muskets ; but it is presumed their powder had 
     
    
   
   
    
     i were given at all the allusions to the ecruelties' become wet aud useless when they jumped’ dinner. 
     
    
   
   
    
     five per cent., ad valorem, to be reduced to 
     
    
   
   
    
     The Emperor of Austria is ina fair way of 
     
    
   
   
    
     an enviable one at the present moment, and, as | 
     
    
   
   
    
     now in possession. The latest and most absurd 
     
     demonstration in this line — if it were nota 
     
     cunningly devised scheme for individual gain— 
     
     was the Bill rushed through the Legislature by 
     
     the Hon. John Wentworth, prohibiting the im- 
     
     yortation into the U. S. from Canada of all 
     
     four-footed animals, Mr. McCulloch, the Secre- 
     
     tary of the U, S. Treasury, falling back on 
     
     Webster's Dictionary, to prove that “ cattle” 
     
     include ‘‘sheep, goats, horses mules, asses, and 
     
     swine!’ The pretext is the possibility that 
     
     the murain may be brought over the border, 
     
     when its existence is utterly unknown in the 
     
     Province! That the enactment directly con. 
     
     travenes the Reciprocity Treaty, which has yet 
     
     some six weeks to run, does not appear to make 
     
     the slightest difference to the Solons who think 
     
     to frighten Canada into annexation proclivities, 
     
    
   
   
    
     Mr. Wentworth’s way, if—as one of the New 
     
     York journals declares—he is himself a 1 
     
     breeder of stock, and immediately interested in 
     
     shutting out the competition fren the North, 
     
     even for the limited period during which there 
     
     could be.any rivalry in the markets of the 
     
     United States. As to the disease itself, every 
     
     one knows that there is as much chance of its 
     
     appearance hereas there. Why not summarily 
     
     forbid the importation of grain, lest it he spoiled 
     
     and unwholesome, and soorigiuate the Cholera? 
     
     Meantime the law, that violates the Treaty, has 
     
     been put into force on the frontier, and has 
     
     generated no less diszust and surprise.— New 
     
     York Albion, Jan. 6. 
     
     inne 
     
     LATEST NEWS BY TELEGRAPH TO 
     
     THE EXAMINER. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Cuan torrerown, Jany. 19th. 
     
    

    
     New York, ith, P. M.— Private letters 
     
     repoit that the blockade of the Chilian ports 
     
     is to be raised, so as to allow Spain to attend 
     
     to Peru.....The Heral4 Paris letter says the 
     
     Emperor and Cabinet are carefully studying 
     
     the means of withdrawiug from Mexico, honor- 
     
     ably, and with as little loss of prestige as pos- 
     
     sible. The Emperor desires it to be done of 
     
     his own free will, and not under menace... .. 
     
     Intelligence from Rio Grande states that about 
     
     100 fillibusters under General Recid crossed 
     
     the river into Mexico on the night of the Lith. 
     
     instant — surprised and captured the town of 
     
     Bagdad, with its garrison of 175 Imperial 
     
     troops. At last accounts they still held the 
     
     place ; but 1300 Imperial troops had marched 
     
     from Matamoras to retake it.....The pirate 
     
     Semnes will be tried at an early day.....A 
     
     rumor is in circulation in Toronto that ar- 
     
     rangements have been made in Washington for 
     
     the continuance of the Reciprocity Treaty be- 
     
     yond March, for the purpose of securing more 
     
     mature consideration... . . Gold 140. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     CuarLorretowy, Jan. 20. 
     
    
   
   
    
     New York, Jan. 18.—A Washington des- 
     
     patch says the Delegation fiom the British 
     
     Noith’Amerivan Provinces, who are here tor the 
     
     purpose of securing, if possibls, an extension of 
     
     ihe Reciprocity Treaty, accompanied by Seere- 
     
     tary McCulloch, called on the President to-day, 
     
     and paid their respects. They propose in a 
     
     day or two making atrip to Richmond, and 
     
     upon their return will have an interview with 
     
     the Secretary of the Treasury and the Com- 
     
     mittee on Ways aud Means, with regard to the 
     
     object of their mission.... An earthquake in 
     
     Mexico On the 3rd inst., doing considerable 
     
     damage to Ovajava, Matrilla and other places 
     
     in the interior, with loss of life... ..A railroad 
     
     has been projected to cross the isthmus of Te- 
     
     hauntepec.. ...The Captain General of Cuba is 
     
     still at variance with Supreme Court of Cuba ; he 
     
     having countermanded a recent oder of a 
     
     letter for the production of six hundred slaves” 
     
     from the estate of Jeulenta, on the plea that 
     
     they were free. The affair has been referred 
     
     to Spain... ..- The Times Havana correspondent 
     
     says the latest advices are unfavorable to the 
     
     Imperial cause. The inhabitants of Monterey 
     
     feel no security in Maximillian’s Mexican 
     
     troops, and were leaving city en masse. Over 
     
     thiity thousand are said to have left in three 
     
     days. The merchants are sending their goods 
     
     and valuables to San Luis... . Spanish papers 
     
     confirm the reported suicide of Admiral Pareia, 
     
     after the capture of the gunboat Coredenga ‘by 
     
     the Chilians.....Flour dull and drooping. 
     
     Wheat dull. Oats one or two cents lower. 
     
     Provisions dull and heavy. Gold 1494. 
     
    
   
   
    
     CHARLOTTETOWN, Jan, 20th. 
     
     By Telegraph from Halifar to Mn. A. MCNesaun. 
     
    
   
   
    
     ARRIVALS AT EUROPE FROM F. BE, ISLAND. 
     
     Scattery Roads, 29h Dee., ariived Dashing 
     
     Spray, leaky. 
     
    

    
     Gravesend, 24th, Urania: 29th, Carrie M.; 2d 
     
     January, Margaretta; Margaret Leah—lost an- 
     
     chors aud chaius. 
     
    

    
     Liverpool, 25th Dee., Edith, 
     
     | Amanda; Sth January, Flora. 
     
    

    
     Cardiff. 33th Dee.. Ottowa. 
     
    

    
     Sicansea, Ist January, Native Pearl, lost deck 
     
     load and anchor, 
     
    

    
     Lamlash, 23th Deecmsber, Summerside ; 28th, 
     
     Undine. 
     
    

    
     Kirkendbright, 31st Decewber, arrived Naiad 
     
     (ashore)—carge linding damaged; vessel pro- 
     
     bably saved. 
     
    

    
     Lenauras Bay. 2th, Livda, driven ashore— 
     
     veas | breaking up — wale: ils and part of earge 
     
     saved Ties, Boron, 
     
    
   
   
    
     on the 20th, 
     
    
   
   
    
     ”_— 
     
     — 
     
    
   
   
    
     We sre an account in the New York Herald of 
     
     the mate of the schooner John Boyaton bem shot 
     
     dead by a river thet, v hile the vessel wae lying 
     
     Wind-bound in Fiesbing Boy, East River. It ap- 
     
     pears that the watch had beeu relic wed, the night 
     
     was sv cold, and no harm anticipated. The 
     
     captain was awakened by a noise, and saw a 
     
     strange man in the state-roow, who presented a 
     
     pistel at bis bead. He nmwediately cried “thief, 
     
     When the wate sprang to the Captain’s assistance, 
     
     and attacked the rubber with a baichet, driving 
     
     th armed buccaneer on deck, who, firmg down 
     
     the companion, killed his brave assailant. What 
     
     a hoble contrast to the Zero’s mate, whe, by his 
     
     }own admission, which tx, al the very best, desers- 
     
     ing of every true mans execration, stood by 
     
     trembling and distraught with terrer, while bia 
     
     captain was being inhumanly murdered. If 
     
     Douglass even could clear himself of all partici- 
     
     pation im the death of Capt. Benson, his snivelling 
     
     cowardice would render him loathseme. Pious 
     
     forsoeth! The Christian is brave in the discharge 
     
     of his duty, and it was the duty ef the sneaking 
     
     villain tv have protected his superior tu the lust. 
     
    

    
     Pen > & 
     
     There is a man in one of the suburban towns 
     
     of the United Staies whose nose is so big that 
     
     when he has a cold he is obliged to blow it with 
     
     gunpowder. In the farming season he uses it, 
     
     instead of a, flesh-horn, to call the workmen to 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     4 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Naturally, it would not stand one moment in