i-ld! llffllff" . labor. ‘obtained for the purpose. and n TOILET WAfEIR . Thouilands of doiiars's worth of good bog feed 808s every year to the feeding of mange mites and lice. That ‘is to say, after the bogs bays fed cii the grain, milk. pasture and other good feed provi- ded them and have put it in th_e way of becoming good bacon. tho parasites swarming over the eni- meis‘ bodies take their toll and ra- duce the victims’ flesh through dis- comfort and disease, These par- asites are more numerous in the cold weather, when .the hair is thick; but Summer is an excellent time to exterminate the pests thlit remain over the season. The instinctive habit of the hog to wallow in water when th- weather is warm may be taken advantage oi in applying treatment for externalparasites. department experts say. By lnedicsting the water in properly waliows. remedies for lice and mange may be applied in a autis- factory manner with a minimum expenditure of money. time If the results from the use of medicated wullows are to i» be satisfactory, however, it is. necessary to consider the nature. rind habits of the animals to be treated and plan nccordlnglgn. if conditions are such that hogs may exercise choice in the mat- ter. they invariably select shallow water in which to wallow. 1f the nostrils can bc kept above the surface easily. the hog will; lie down on its side and roll, then get up and repeat the OPGHIIIOII on the other side until tllc entire body is wet. The proper depth of ilquod in the wallow depends upon the sizc and number of hogs using the will- low. For pigs weighing from i0 to 80 pounds. the wallow should be charged with liquid to the depiiiI of about 3 inches. For hogs from, 80 to 1'50 pounds, 4 inches is §\ll~i ficient. The medicated liquid should never be so deep that the llflgs arc afraid to lie in it. For a number of liogs of varied sizes, s dcivth of from 3 to 4 inches, is most practicable. No medicine should be added until the hogs have had three or‘ four days toI get accustomed to the wallow. it should not be kept medicated fol more than about 48 hours lit a tinicfas the hogs‘can get wcti soaked in that time, and constant application is liable to irritate the akin. After that. mcdicaments may be added at intervals of n week or l0 days. Crude petroleum is one of simplest remedies’ that can tfifil be is the only one that will eradicate both lice and mange with treatment. No licntingequipmentl lmllbblllllry, slid any kind of reasonably good water can be userL, The oil apparently does not injure the animals if the fresh-oiled hogs receive proper care and attention Unprocessed crlide oil, as it comes from the wells, is probably the most effective crude oil dip.’ However, processed crude petro- lcum. known to the trade as fuel oii, which is the residue froln manufacturing gasoline and other liglit hydrocarbons, is conlmonly used and is effective in eradict- ing lice and mange As a rule. ills thinner the processed crude oil. the bettcr it is for a dip or wnlloiv. ' . l cease»: Aavsulne. . Admirers of the "Bonnie Ayr-' shire" would be delighted to lluvei a. look over the herd of Mr. C. T. , Ferguson, Craggan Farm, Marsh- fleld, consisting of some twenty- five head of tipy» Ayrshires headed by the splendid individual Prospec- tor of Cragg-sn. {a son of Fsirvlew Milkmen. hint-small brother to Milk- maid 7th. former world's champion two year old. Prospectofs dam has a 11.0.1’; record of over 9.000 pounds milk ind 350 pounds fat. Among the metrons at Craggan are Mayflower ll, with a. R.-0.P. re- cord of 10.800 milk and 425 pounds butter. This cow and her sister Mayflower 3rd and sired by the no- ted hull Glasgow ‘Special, whose‘ Painful Nllllraigia ‘ fortllrlng Sciatica sorilcolvle rnoul "rue cam-z oAuas-r-uiu wareav etooo “Most people think of neuralgia 55 B» pain in the houd or face, but IWIIFNKII may affect any nerve in the body. ‘Different names are giv- en to it when it affects certain nerves. Thus neuralgia of the sciatic nerve is called sciatica. but the-character of the pain» and the, nature of the deseasc are‘ the. "m6- Tllc pain in neuralgia lsl caused by starved nerves. The blood‘ which carries nourishment i“ "ifusrves has become tiitn until Imfillrflflllfl nolobger does so. and- tlre pain you fool, is the cry of the; "°'I'.°l M!‘ their natural food. You my ease the pains of neuralgia with not applications. but real re-' lier from the trouble comes by en-j riehisr and punlyiiit the blood._ F0!’ this purpose Dr. William‘ Pink Plllrlrs strongly recommended ' Thsls pills moles new. rich blood. "M "His act as s most effective nerve tonic. i-f you are suffering, from this most dreaded of troubles or any form oi nerve trouble‘. clve, thesclplllb s Mlrtflfl.‘ Iu4~~ note_ upd-enmtm can‘ fellow.- ‘ Avmaow can flflflflffifil UP iron ‘m: aoee'A,.,,,,,,,,wm_u_ constructedl A5 9118mm Aryshlres are among and~ dli-lKht-ers are making good in tbeI M!" Ffifsusou is l’! present running in m, mo? besides tthe above mentioned w... RIwWII-‘Ifd. Com of Crsggan, Em. 1""! of Crsssan inn Billy o, CW5. Bari these cows are bred from such good sires ns Fairvlew Reform" and Fnirview Kitchener and lira “ti-WE ‘up crediteible records, Com hflvlns almost 1400 pounds of 4 p. c. milk in March and April. An other splendid heifer is Jean of Crsssan ii. whose mother Jean °I Cllsflsn has lust finished a yearly “w” °I 9977 pounds milk w“ 45° pounds fat her average test being 4,51 p, .;, All the young stuff at. Crnggsn filer-m are from the present herd I 1'8. m" 0149M Ayrshire herds nothing but pure bred sires being used r...- ovcr thirty years the first pure bred female being "Grape Vina" bred by the late Senator Ferguson nad sired by one of our first pure bred sires, Blair No. 98. of P.E.l. he dam being Liiyim-aid. . ‘ The writer had the pleasure of looking over the register of this cow. it being issued by the P.E.l. Ayrshire Cattle Register and sign- ed by our esteemed citizen Charles C. Gardner, Esq.. who was than President of the Aynshire breed- ers of P. E. island. .'l‘bis certi- ficate is dated Jilly 24th. 1896. From Grape Vine Mr. Ferguson and h-ie father. the late John A. Ferguson have lbullt up one of the best commercial herds of Ayr- shires in the province. proof of which is the receipts obtained from Dunetaffnage Creamery. . Craggan Ayrshires have been entered in the accredited herd system and have passed the initial test without having one reactor. This alone should place them ir. the front rank as ‘breeders. __--¢-o-c>—-——— HOW WE CAN MEET THE SHORTAGE OF HAY AND STRAW IN EASTER-N CANADA (Experimental Fa rms Notefi. The Experimental Farms Branch of the Department of Agriculture at Ottisiwtl fully applyclates the very serious condition of affairs Qn¢ likely to result ilrom crop shortageJ were Wm be very "we realizing that wdthout careful thought and stud-y on tllc part cf sill concerned. the live stock of Eastern Canada are in danger o depletion. The following paragraphs (lotions nrliich it is proposed to deal with more l-n detail in the immediate future. The general crop situation in, Eastern Canada during the pres- ent season indicates the necessity of radical changes in the feeding of roughage this winter. How may roughage he saved‘! What are the substitutes, ii‘ any? it has been shown that live stock may be maln- tnincd on ii ration of concentrates. This is neither practical. econom- icu-i. nor necessary, however. in very brief form the situation may be approached under tile following headings: Car; in Feeding. .. i Possiblyin 75 per cent of our live stock farriis lid-it)’ and straw have been ovcrfed. With the niows full and hay cheap, our live stock have been asked to obtain the nuti-fcnts necessary for their mutu- tenanco and growth by handling large quantities of crude fibre with ii comparatively small percentage c1 nutrients. Under these partied, iur conditions they have’. come through the winter at least fuiriyl Dcii. With hay and straw at a premium. however. the question arises to what extent can roughage‘ be out out of the ration of the horse or cow and substituted with other foods which are prncuruble. Very; [ow rrl-rlcru have ever had occasion, to weigh the hay which they lire fending their live stock. The manger is filled and the operation repent- ed. When it is considered thlit the standard recommendation for the feeding nf hay to horses is at the rnte of 1 lb.. to every 100 lbs.. cf live iveiglllt it twill be appreciated that lnliny horses have. in the past. eaten buy for their ow-r. amuse- ment only. when it is realised 111st g or 9 lbs. of good clover hay and 4 or 5 lhs.. of mil straw ls all the roughage needed for the milk- ing cow supplied with a well bai- rinced meal lmlxture rind ensllage it will be cvldeni that hay is in the very great majority of cases overfed to cnttic. Even for the producing dairy hcrli Where 11° other roughage appeilffi I" ‘he "W ion and IWIIUIQ it is supplemented only by concentrates the very limit of hay that would be required would be 2o lbs. daily with as." 8 or 9 lbs. of out strarw ahd this for the cow ‘that is producing. it is safe u. say that for the herd that is being held over for better times. and thlfwllll describe the Hltllflflllfl in many districts. that cuttinll down the quantities used in past feeding practice a full 50 PEI‘ 001"»- snd substituting with n few pounds of meal would not only offset e great saving in roughaks. but lu- cidenlally would ‘bring the cattle In question through in as good or bet- ter shape than had been the case where roughage was fed in unllmlt-l ed quantities. .1 More Silage and Roots. 6 in minty editions of Onterio par- ticnlsriy; My may be substituted of more ensliagsbnlb run CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN’ s l‘ i. u i‘,§‘§“,',§§,°§n*;{ '9'! my be cut to will, anew, ‘ggtluim ‘filial-abroad.- any BFBBJ! e319“; In many part8 ti; gllelllec and the greater part ofstgc er t me P i pres?" Indlzxlgflzs. according to Melt Substitutes, T° Pfillluce one half of the r ation Iguhlzgddtrzkfflllgbage has been cal. the cow firm “he who“ ram)” or are a m" B. bran and oii cake ed D01" ‘tulariy to be recommend. 10- fl 5 in itself is from 10,10 b~ Der cent. more valuable u...“ p531‘: "gnnfgeilltlglttlproducing stand- . ,3 . fibre content. x a d fairly high All through Eastern Canada how. star. outs is a light crop and we t be forced to depend iipgn was. dernt production. Wheat imp“, lic s should he fairly readily pm. curable. Oil calke and linseed by products will lbe higii in price, but W"! apparently be available fairly geilefilily. Even ct tlils high price II is (loubtfui it‘ the feeder wlmge main desire is to cut down on Fulltlhuge cannot afford to be with- out some linseed oii meal in ration. With 10 lbs. oi’ hay of fair quality. 4 01‘ 5 lbs. ot‘ stralw and depending on the age and condit- m" ‘it the 811111181. u few pounds of ll mixture of bran. 2 parts. roots, g parts. iinsccd oil nlceil. 1 part pro duction necli not be looked for, but the animal will be -wei| maintained. Corn from ull indications will be one of tlie1litavlcst crops cver re. corded in tie United States. This means that ground corn may enter quite largely into our Canadian rat. ions. A inixturc of 4 parts bran, 2 ilflrlfl Ovrn. 2 part outs and 1 part oil mclll would hc an excellent con. centrateii slilbsiitute for n rough. 3E8. Elven ibran and corn, us tilesc concentrates are likely to be the most easily procured. could be fed. 4 parts bran. 2 parts corn. THE USE OF STRAW. Where roughage is scarce. straw cannot be afforded as a bedding material. particularly out straw. it ""151 Practically all be fed. The practice of feeding cattle entirely ,on straw is of course not econo- mical. but tho nutrients must have n certain amount of crude fibre. They should not. however. be ask. cd to obtain their energy from the, comparatively low percentage of nutrients contained in straw. Never the I vic bones showing depth a INTEREST To FARMERS condition is readily noticeable b“; If not the hens .that have stopped laying can be easily distinguished by their shrinking comb. and fad. "l! cbior of face and watties. also by the contraction of the pelvlg bones. These bones. slightly protruding on each side of the vent, remain spread to the width of about three finsers as long as the hen is lay- ing. iln the. poor producer they will he found closed to the width of only one finger and when the latter condition is evident early in the season. when she should he still producing. it is a fairly god indica- tion t'hat' the bird has given up too soon and is not the type that makes the high record. Vigor. health and high producing qualitiies are shown by distinctly visible characters and all birds that don't carry these qualities in a marked degree should disappear from the flock. The high-producing characteris- tics of primary significance are; full. red comb. bright bulging eye. long keel bone with lots of width between stern extremity and pel- ol body with capacity for feed and room for th-n producing organs. fine pel- vic bones spread well apart and an elastic. velvet texture to the skin of the abdomen. liens that mould season and in the varieties those fade out white in sections that show pigment. namely the skin, beak. shank and ear lobe. also in- dlcate the nossihilltv of high pro- duction and should be kept in pre- ference to those that do not carry these qualities. characters that h-elp in the selec- Therc are more intricate decisive lion of good fro layers. but the foregoing will be of some use in an elementary way to the farmer in selecting his breeders in currv nv-er to the next season. if cnrcful- l.v followed they will Bllmllillif‘ most of the undesirable specimens that are s source of expense with- out profit and rob the deserving hens of th~ flock of‘ their crcdlt- able record. ___-<o4>——— late in the yellow-skinner individuals that THRUSH; CAUSE. PREVENTION OE/LERY GROWING Do not set the plants on ridges. lt is not necessary to set in a trench, but it, facilitates watering if the ground along the row is slightly below the soil level. Af- bcr planting see that the ground between the rows is kept loose with the cultivator or hoe and the surface soil around the plants kept stirred, so that less watering will be necessary. if watering is done, l.hls tends to-compact the surface soil around the plants. and as soon as dry enough this should he brokeli ‘by very shallow booing. Deep boeing close to the plant should be avoided. as the roots are shallow feeders and should not be (listunbed. A mulch of horse ma- nure may be placed along the row, which may do away with hoeing entirely. thus saving moisture and keeping the soil cool. Bianoiiing may be started when the plants are six inches tail. by,‘ plat-ing boards at cacti side of the‘ row and holding them in place witii stakes, or earth may be press- ed up to the plant alter first gli- thcrlug the stalks together so that soil will not get into the crown. it is not necessary to bluilch all at once and a little bundling oi‘ tllc plants by working, soil up to it will tend to an upright. rather than sprcading growth until blanching is desired. Drain tile set over a plant is excellent ffor blanching. Any material that, eliminates light from the plant will serve tllc purpose and in two or three weclts under such treat-I merit White Plume or Paris Goideli will blanch if active growth is being made. _ ll sucker growths develop, these should be removed before ‘blancivl lug in ordcr to get even heads with; good stalks. Celery rust, which AND CURE. ‘Tlirushls quit», a common lllI- theless with some grain‘ or concen- trzites supplied. straw forms an ex- cellent crude fibre filler and inf meut among flirnl horses. Siifiilbilli! nloinli: its occurrence is due chief- ly to filthy stnll COIKIILIGIL. ill - though some horses seem to be Order mm m? dlgesnvc and “He:pzirticlllzirly predisposed tothls dis tory organs may function properly. straw may lbe mudc to take the ,orllcr. The fore fest nrc rarely nf- lfectclk-tlicy are usually kept in 11 pluce of much mun-vamwble fOHnSR-lcaner condition. 'l‘ili'ush is indi- of rotlBhflge. it is safe to say that _ bedding wasted this winter in many pnrts o-f the Eflst- ‘Sslwdust and shavings are available in ‘many places. There is no reason why considerable bed- ding material might not be gather- ‘contain certain general recommen- ed m the mm‘ of leaves m the m" "They have been utilized in the past. THE MJVIBABILITY 0F CUTTING HAY AND STRAW AND MIXED FEEDS iBy increasing the labor of feed- ing in the cutting of roughage and by mixing say cut hay. cut straw, and whatever-ducal is being fell. there is little doubt that a consid- eralble saving of roughage may be secured. Less energy is. required to lnasticute. digest and asslmllalg this cut feed and where it is mixed the paiatubiiity is bettereil or uti (i188!!! fll/Brflgefl. Under normal. feed-l ing practice the advisability of clit- ting roughage is doubtful in thrlt the cow is fitted by nature to do this work himself. However, this winter the object is to save rough. age and the faulner who has faci- lities for cutting the roughage ‘will find a result in saving. Cali the fuelling value of such a mixture be further improved? uvcnlsfiso NUMBER or cows unosn TEST A summary of cnw testing, on. der the auspices of tho Dominion Dvpertment of Agriculture. for the monili oi’ July. shows 3.706 herds of 35.266 cows unider test in a to- tui of eight provinces. Saskat- chewan figures not being given as the cow-testing work there has been taken over by the Provincial Department of Agriculture. Tile figures show nn increase oi 30.9 per cent. for the average oi’ the provinces reported. ovcr those of Jilly, i920. Alberta comes firs: us regards incrclise effected, witii an increase of 103.3; Prince Ell- wurd island, second. witii 92.9, and Ontario. third. with 72.3. New Brunswick, shows a decrease of 57 per cent.. and British Columbin a decrease of 5 per cent. The total increase in number of cows under test is a nlattcr for congratulation. especially since prevailing cunditons in the dairy business make it imperative that only good producing cows be kept in the dairy herds of the country. SEASON OF’ YEAR TO CULL .. , _ FARM FLOCK . . . . The ‘hatching season should now be over on the well regulated poul- try plant and attention directed to culling t-iie flock to make room for the growing youngsters. in the first piece tber ghould be vigorously culled from the flock all birds that is how any pbysicial lie- fects such ss crooked beaks. backs or breasts. excessively long toe nulls. sunken eyes and long "crow" head. knock knes or other signs of poor stamina and low "vitality? At this season. if they have not already been discarded. the hens over two years old. unless possess- ing the character of extrs high prbduction and retained as lvrw-ll- srs on this account. should be msrketgd as soon as they step lily- ing. s ow ‘signs or brbodibsss or mount, 'Wliei_i~ t, ; lIItl-Uflillfl. . this rated by u disco cleft in the frog n; mg (out; also an unfliuisllnt. characteristic ‘small. ‘if tire-re is any sign of disease about the fro)! it is well not to use tllc knife too freely as many DIXICICSYIIILIIS are Ill- l-linod to do_ The frog should not be cut. Like the sole. it chluesofi naturally in flakes. ‘if thrush nus once started. however. ii. may be necessary tr trim off th-e ragged. ends but that is all tho- knife should he used on the Ifflll- The cleft nl' the i'rng should be thorough ly cleaned and disinfected. in cases where thrush has not "cached a serious stage. particularly if the horse has to be kept at work. it is beneficial to use some W001i L" for this purpose. fltppIylng "l Wit" mice a week. in severe chaos. aflcr the part has been thoroughly cleans ed the following application is re- commended: Ctl-ix tngelli-cr llnlf nn ounce of calomci iind two ounces of sweet oil. spread the IFIXYIIPP. Ion a piece c-i‘ lint 0r similar subst- ance ulld insert in the cleft of the frog anti over other diseased parts. In addition to cleanliness. one cf the essential points in keeping the frog healthy is to sec that ‘it nil times it rests on tllc ground and receives the pressure of the weight 0i the animal. Without pressure and friction tile frng will. in most oases. shrivci and almost disall- pesr_ The frog is the natural cush- ion of the fo0t_ and liilllflilblcrll)’ one 0f tile causes-of so much in- Jury to foot and lilnh of horses is from continually walking all the hard hoof rim. With such attention as tlils. io- gctilcr with an occasional examina- tlnn to see that thr- fcct are in why‘ most horses should not be ,kcpl free of tlils evil slilelling dis- order. --_-<0>——-—— BLANCHING CELE-RY The oldest. unll perhaps most common. method of blanching celery is that of ilrawing earth around the plants; but tlils me- thod has been done away with by most growers. because it almost always causes considerable rust. while also worms and insects from the earth gel into tllc stalks. spoiling them for murkct. Darkness is all thlit is required for celery to blanch properly. it makes no difference whether this is caused by eartlilng. tying paper around the plants or by setting up boards along the rows. so long n1 the, space around the plants is made dark. The plan Is setting lip the boards along each side of the row is an excellent one. and is probably in the most universal use, where any COTIEIFIOTIJIIB amount of celery is grown. because of the ease with which it may N! performed. Where only a few plants are to be blanched for family use. the plan of tying heavy wrapping paper around them is satisfactory. ing tubes of cardboard and setting Another good plan is that oi inali- them over the plants when they are about ii foot high. the tubes being about eight Inches in length. As the plant grows. the tubes can he raised and a little earth drawn around, the bottom of the plant. Two-lb ' tile drains are even bet- twr. he er. for _ this purpose, thnn tlur paper tubes, a will for mbn yuan-uni! . good condition. there is no reason‘ sometimes is troublesome. is cver-I come by using Bordeaux'mixture. the plants being kept covered by spraying every ten days. Celery seed will germinate about two wceks after planting. iiurlngi wlliich time the soil should be kept damp. The seed box may placed indoors and when seedlings appear should be placed in a bright window. in two weeks the plants may be signied out and transplant- ed to one and a hall or two inches apart. in another month these will have developed into plants for setting to the open ground. it will be seen that it takes about two months to develop good plants. Seed sown March first should develop plants for set-_ For later plant-I. ling May first. lugs and fall crop. seed started llhe middle of April or beginning of May will give good plants for setting ill June. Seed sown thill- iy in a seed flat may be trans- planted directly to the open with- out transplanting to other seed flats. Shallow seed flats and transplanting boxes are best. it is unnecessary to have more than three inches of soil for starting or growing plants. The plants may be cut out. witll~ a square of soil, thus avoiding injury because of the soil being removed from the roots, as is necessary if plants are not first transplanted in- to flats. The plants should be set in rows three and a half feet apart and six inches apart in the rows. Any good garden soil will de- velop thrifty seedlings and the plants may be raised in a good bright window or in ii hot bed, The variety Paris Golden Self Bizinchlllg. is one of the best sorts. Sccd started hcre April third and plahts set to the open ground June tenth. were ready for use on August twenty-ninth. KCBP the laying hens cnnlfortall- le and be sure that they get plen- ty of green food. Cull out the pflOP est layers and give the remaining good layers. more room in the I house and on the roasts. Careful rut entton to dcilils from... now on P108118 a lot in keeping up summer production. Guard Baby's Ikaltli lll_T_ile Summer The sunimor months arc iii.- most dangerous to children. The complaints or tilat season, which are cholera infantlim. colic dira- hoera and llysentry. come on so quickly that often a little one lli beyond aid before the mother rea- lizes hie is ill. The mother mlist be on her guard to prevent these jlrmlbies. or if they do come oii suddenly to banish them. No other medicine is of such aid to motile-rs during lint weather as is Baby's Own blots. They regulate the etollluéh = d bowels and sro absolutely so . Sold by medicine dealers or by ~ iaii at 25 cents a box from Tho 7r. Williams Medi- l/llld 00-. ' lilo, Ont. " 509d, ing linit. two acres or TH! VALUI OF PIAQTEURIZA- TlON BUTTERMILK lt is only within very recent years that Canadian butter-makers have begun to realize the value of pasteurization as applied to the manufacture of creamery butter. One of the most convincing bile or testimony along this line which we have seen anywhere is contained in a recent news letter by G. H. Barr, Ottawa, Chief of the Dairy Division, who, by the way, has done most excellent work in standardizing buttermaking prac- tises in the various provinces of the Dominion. This letter says. that the i919 scoring contest, the unpasteurized lots of butter, kept from two to five months in cold storage, deteriorated three times more in flavor than did the pusieur izcd lots. in 1020 results were sini- iiiar, though not quite so marked. Another thing noticed lust year was that those buttermakers who heated their cream to but 140 dc.- grees to 150 degrees made butter which krpt no better that did lots made from pasteurized cream. Tlic lesson in plain. First. if we wlsli to make good-keeping butter the cream for milk) must be pasteuriz- ed and tile raw material must be APPLIED FERTILIZER - AROUND GROWING ‘ PLANTS A fertilizing implement now gain ing the approval of farmers. ger- deners. and florists in the Eastern States applies the phosphate. or other material. in a ring or dick, and in an accurately measured aiinount. to the soil around s grow- ing plant. The nourishment can thus be supplied during growth, it wilibe noticed. rather than at planting time. One form of the llllf plement is provided with a silt for accommodation of the taller plants; another ls without this opening. and is used for the smaller plants. Both function in the same way. The implement is pie-lied up by means of the handle, and opens and the fertilizer falls through the distributing cones to the ground. -<-oa---—- MULCHING POTATOES The growing of potatoes under a mulch will prove satisfactory in the great majority of seasons and .on most soils. The potatoes may be planted in the ordinary way and a mulch o.’ old-mustv hay. straw 0r strawr heated to asufficient high t-em- perature to kill the organisms which cause ilcl-lmlposltiou and’ bad flavor in tile butter. While there is some difference of opinion as to tile temperature required to do this. experience indicates tllzit 170 degrees for ten minutes is iu he recommended. While it is pru- bzibly true that heating of 100 tlc-_ grees to 165 degrees. and holding for fifteen to. twenty minutes, will give good results. when we con- sider the dangers oi incorrect ther- mometers. haste lo get til-e work I done flfifl many other things which are likcly to occur in the rush of patsteurlzing in zl creiliilery. it would be well if all creamerynrcn were to adopt tile standard oi‘ helli- lng cpum to 170 degrees F., hold- ing for lit least fifteen minutes, | then cooling as rzillidiy lis possible. and bod zit about 50 degrees 1H for at leust four hours before churn- ing. The scoring contest inst yenr la- so demonstrated that the neutrali- zutlon oi‘ sour crelinf before pus- teurizing improved the keeping quality of the butter. These two. ~neutrallziition of the high-acid cream and afterwards heating to 170 dcgrces~secm_ to be the two things which our Canadian butt-er makers must understand and prac- tice if they are to produce butter which will meet trade require- ments. i-l. ii. D. -———-'—<-0-¢— RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIZE 'OF FARM AND EFFICIENT USE OF I-ABOR I in the developed agricultural he _ areas of British Columbia the river; consiberably higher than it is in ‘any other province. casts. other than use 0f~ land, are also high. Witli thetlvo production ‘ factors at a high level and with u big lccali demand for fresh farm produce. tile trend of farm average has been toward the smaller work- iess, the one-nlnn-size farm. The per acre capitalization going higherfmunllg- ing ability not generally improving. and employed labor efficiency not flII that could be disired, and condi- tions that are having a. big influ- ence to convert many of tllc larger "staple food" producing farms into a greater number of “luxury fcoii" producing farms. Hence we see a ‘big increase in glass house equip- merit. small fruit plantings. orna- lilentzil stocks. poultry ranches. etc.. all run on the one-mun o." lifumil‘_v-lu‘bm~ sr-ule. This small , flirnl business will be profitable a. ‘long. as ii does not overtake tr, local market for luxury food crops. such as flowers. fruits and ].\lII.f')'. ‘Til-g small farm with its more ex- tensive culture. with its higher per- ‘ccnllige oi’ human labor. charge- llble to sill-h ilnit of ‘production. is _qliite a different undetrnklng from i the large farm where horse power wind machinery lllfly be used in a large way as an end to low cost of production. undertakings oaxllulgbf msiicz tr Tile small area farm does not tion of the larger labour siiv rig luacillncs and power. neither will it permit such capital! cost. Many products. a few machines and much human energy is tile requirment for the email farm. . if labour on a farm be kept fully employed rind moving at a speed that will give maximum production the limit. all production will he ab sorhed in nlaintainence; there will be 'littl;-, or nothing in either case or produce thlit can he called pro- fit. The large farm. if well organiz- greater opportunity of ways means of keeping labor employed to the limit. The size of a flirnl. be profitable. ability of til-e individual No farm should be so ‘not to keep the operator family fully employed. using hest tools and power, during entire year. No individual his managing ability warrants. milch labor for balance and one man fully employed. which IIIP ilibcr of two or profitable. since efficient labour can only he secured by ad fruiting individual the farm business to the lndlvld -__._10}-__-. This is the season for csponiz I "YB Production offer sufficient room for the op a-_ some hope may be entertained for‘ profit. Willi labor not cmnlfhvell to print, reproduced it in blood upon cd as a producing business. offer-the in sweat. and it must be in srrmehtlng. should} h operate a farm of larger size than “r I°°d~ A farm business that entails IUU one man and yet not enough for two men is out of- not likely to be as profitable as it should be. A tilrm business just large enough in keep but on three men is being expended. run not be use of to the flirm or manilre applied to u depth of from four to six inches, 0r the mulch may be applied after the potatoes wr-ll started. The mulch conserves the moisture. keeps tllc ground cool and 0f loose texture as ivcll as adding some plant food. The practice is valuable for early and lute plantings. The saving in cultivation will fully compensate for the expense of mute-rials zmii labor in applica- tion. and the yields will he more tifTlilill and greater than under just ordinary cure. _.___-@§¢__.__ FORMULA FOR GRAFTING WAX Grafting wzix. which is necdc-l by farmers and orcllurllists m spring, may be nilule by the foi- lowing formula used zit tho Ohio Expcrillll-nt Station. hie-it togcliicr until thoroughly ulixed foilr pounds of resin. livo pounds of bccsvrlix, unli fl pound of tzillow. ’ This mixture is then poured lntn n vessel of cold water. it ls then pulled like tuffy until it becomes light and smooth. The blinds sliolllll be greased witii tuiiow for tlils operation. , The wax may then he Shaped into iniiis nnli sticks and it will kccp indefinitely in .'i cool pl:icc.- ~- “Y-cltlv‘ Press Bulletin. Ohio Exper- iment Station. _. Now that the Warm weather is rczilly with us cure should be tuk cn to see that the growing ducks lluve plenty of shade. it tllsre is not an abundance oi natural shade" provide artificial shade of soma| kind. This may be done by lacking] a piece of cotton or burlap on a, stout framchnd pegging the frame. to four stakes. FINGER PRINTS can in , gilt. This can bc used as the BE poReEoifoundeiticn of a cold or hot drinks, ' |slluces, etc. One of these days, at some sensu- tionzil trial when the police have introduced photographs of finger-l prints to prove tlrut the prisoner was the murderer or tllc bunk rob-I her. tile lawyer for the accused is going to ask the police ivltriesscs how they know the fingerspriuts life genuine; the witnesses are g0- ilig to laugh at the illen tliui their henuincness can be rulleil in ques- tion. and tiled tile tlefense is going to put a mun on the stand l2- show llow easy it is lo forgo u finger- print. l The luau WIlfl bus discovered iinw is Milton (‘arlsonyof Lns Angelcs. perhaps the lbcst known iinndwrib, ing expert on‘the Pacific Consul ‘(I10 iuzin. WIIC‘ in the McNamara case, turned the tables on one (if the eminent lawyers by forging a page or writing which resembled so closely that if the lawyer. lliin- self, that the latter based ii whole il-ross-exaniinilltion on it without even suspectinb that it ivlis not tile genuine ticcument. lirw lic forges a fingerprint Mr.‘ (‘tlrison refuses in tell. for. lic sli_vs,I it would put dishonest persons in; possession of a method of throw- ing suspicion on the innocent. But he will show you forged fingerprints rind let you compare them tllffilifill‘ u magnifying glass with the orig- inul genuine ones. The first time .he did this was a few years ago. ‘WIIPII lie took from the Literary Digest u photograph of :l'finger~ u dagger and miiilcll it to the edi- tor of u Lus Angeies newspaper. A fingerprint is n print ln some miiteriul upon ll i-eliltlvely smooth surface. it may ha, in blood. ll play it may he in dirt. but if you [wash your fingers well with soap tlfland writer, then with alcnliol, let mlist be determined tlicm dry perfectly and then press by its location. and the energy and them irpcn an equally clean nnd ' operator. smell as limit- "mi his your face they will leave n print the in the grease of the skin. Or. if you [he take iloid or a dlriy or bloody ‘knife dry surface they will icuve no Hut if you rub them cver they will leave their print in dirt These can, of course. be wiped off. ‘Suppose the cashier of a hunk went home and left his iissisuint to lock up the safe; suppose he re» tllrned secretly. opened Ill9.S.'lf9. robbed it. carefully wiped front ii uil traces of his own fingerprints unli then. by Mr. Carlson's process. impressed upon it the fingerpints of the assistant CRRhIEl"~—l‘I\l§I'll not the latter be at least accused of the crime. that is .if no one knew how easy it is to make such a forgery. ' Mr. (‘arisen says it is very easy. lie showed the ‘writer fingerprints - he had placed upon poker chips ing. providing you intend to do nny._tthese in tobacco juice), upon pol- nitholinlli we really do not see the‘. there is murli profit. 1f you here u special market for capona it may pay. Ordinarily. canons common-l th bllzheet prices lifter use New Ye l-‘s market but. to carry them the long men, a» iqtivaly long l- .- ished steel [these in grease, blood and sweat). upon glass. wood and other substances, and assured him that no human. hand had ever touched any or them. l-ie says they can be told from- the genuine only by an enpsri, end than not always with certainty.‘ DB move Them With Othln cl of freckles is usually so fui in removing freckles and s clear, beautiful complexion. it’ is sold under guarantee to r the money if it fails. veil; get an ounce of Othino and , move them. Even the first flew a ‘lications should show a wonder » improvement. some of the ligb freckles vanishing entirely. the double strength OthJn-e; it - this that is sold on the moneyfcoc guarantee. _ ear-res STORING FOR APPLE’ T the fruit committee of the Ontari legislature during the recent res sion to support the demands , ~. - improved facilities for the storing-y and shipping of apples.- Grnhum. of Belicviile. with more the storing of fruit. warned til-v‘ committee that zippies must be put.‘ _ into storage before they were lil< lowed to sweat. as the SWQSHHFI resulteddn loss of bloom and wurncli against tile celery. onions and other vefifit-flhlff- in the slime ronnl with the frill- dl-clcring tiizit liPDIES would absorb any scents to which they were ek- l; posed. CHERRY ' AND RASPBERRYADE cherry juice to two-thirds of rush" h fllil:. ill. llitwl. tal.tles‘i>°9l1I1llII' "i? Silgill‘ syrup. ice ilnd fill up Willi $6911 "flu"- ilcuds of celery. bc-‘tvl. onr- teaspoon of mustard, a lifilu. salt and popper. illlll the ‘juice u two lesions witii two ULUIOSDOPII of water. over it tllrec ounces of salad Hill‘ ilir-n add a spoon of liot water. i~-\<I. pour over tllc cclcry. ‘ orange jliltr, nuu n pound of sugar}? Let boil fifteen minutes, skimming, carefully“ straining when ready to remove. Add at tlils point the grated rind of _ tile oranges used; ‘bottle and seal string beans, are one of the ea»:- cst vegetables in can. keep their flavor longer after lic-- onen kettle method is used for coll park to within 1-4 inch from Strength I This preparation for the Don't bids your freckles under‘ Be sure to ask the di-uggist f ' . .3 A number of fruit growers fron » various parts of Ontario waited o fo R. i‘. "5 ‘ than thirty _vezil's' experience in. Ill He BIN l depreciation in vulue. storing 0 Ilse nnclthlrd part of bottle-t crry juice. Fill glasses one-thiitl. three of fine-chopped I _ CElLERV SALAD. Was-ii and wipoulne half dozou Cut into a saunt- ‘Mix the yolk of one Pm’: Stir well togtllcr. di" p ORANGE SYRUP u I To cal-ll pint cf sweet. strane as the scum rises and CANNING BEANS. Green beans. commonly calls-it They al ill ing qlicked. The cold pack or lilo ning beans. Cold Pack Beans. Ono bushel of string beans should I make 20 qiinris of canned beauty; _ Wash and string beans. Cut in flirnl. pieces or ierrve whole as pref red. Put beans in ivlre Ihaskel piece of cheese cloth and put i ‘boiling wvnter. ‘Roi-i 8 minis»- (‘ount the minutes after the w Mr . - begins to bubble again. Dip in v i water for one minute. Drain top in sterilized jars. Add 1 i u, spoon salt to ench quart. Put rub her which has been tested and lip ,- ‘pa?’ in boiling water on jar and‘! half seal. Jut jars on rack in the.‘ . boiler. The water must cover tllc » '» jars and come onc or two inch-lag . sibove the tops. After the wafer t begins to vbubbic. again boll rm l three hours. Add water as new ‘ snry. Remove from boiler and ‘.1. lsll scaling. Tllrn upside down i test for leakage. Cool as quit-l r as possible and store in a. dry l ll(_ place. ___v Pickled Bsenc. ‘The yellow beans are best fut pickling. Allow 2 quarts vinegar 1 cup sugar and 1 teaspoon salt to cacti quart of henna. i lwesh and snap lbeans. Coop in boiling salted water until lthey bog - sin to be lender. Drain. cert . vinegar and slug-m‘ and bring to t.li' - boiling point. Do not lot boil A w been-s and let the whole boil r ‘once. -Put in» sterilized tars un serif while boiling, hot. The i ‘ gar should cover the beans b. liens-t an inch in she cans. lbeans must not he cooked nut tender enough to serve oi they wl‘. h“ mushy when the can ta (Yflfll . MILK. Milk is good for patent lenlh shoes. First remove all duet fr the shoes. then rub them well I t ., a. cloth dampened with milk. fu. i milk not only polishes the shoes but preserves the leather. GRAPIFRUIT Fill (one glassy.“ Mix in a tall glass one tlihie spoonful rsf cold water with on ‘ ‘hall tensnoonlul of sods and no half cupful oi shaved in - second glass blend th table, spoonfuls of sugar 3nd oils-it l --»- rm lone-result piety of ' F . t i juice. then add to the fret. ring. Drink at once. Oflill may he instituted‘ with; _ h