ES eto 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     » 3 - : . me ° . ~ . . 
     
     &iul in possession of information which rendere 
     
    
   
   
    
     Crider. 
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ’ 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     2 eave lim ta he Barved with anne | 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
       
     
       
     
       
     
        
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
          
     
    
   
   
    
     - 
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
     . - ee 
     
     ANIA UVES 6 rere na. 
     
    
   
   
    
     - Wm snbess oe. | 
     
    
   
   
    
         
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
       
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
       
     
       
     
        
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
        
     
           
     
          
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     [ 
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
     (Prem the Scottish American Joarnal.) 
     
     THE PROVINCIAL UNION AND FREE 
     
     TRADE, 
     
    

    
     The fact that the British American Colonies | 
     
     are in a state of political transition is one which 
     
     ali intelligent citizens of these Colonies are 
     
     hoand to recognise, Te is to@ obvions to be 
     
     denied, and no one does attempt to deny it in 
     
     so many words. [Dut it is practically ignored | 
     
     by the opponents of Confederation, who say | 
     
     they desire to remain as they are, in place of! 
     
     coneurring in a scheme whieh, by prompting | 
     
     the self-reliance ap independent action of these | 
     
     colonies as a whole, would tend tend to hoomen' 
     
     their connection with the British Empire. | 
     
     Now, if there is any sincerity in this objection | 
     
     to increasing the independence of the colouies, 
     
     it has ug meaning with referenee to the British 
     
     connection. Kxeopt uominglly, the Provinces 
     
     coukt-bardiy be more independent of Britain 
     
     thaw they are now, and their union wauld not 
     
     wevessarily add to their jndependence jy that 
     
     direction. By adoping one tariif and currency 
     
     ani a common system af laws for the general 
     
     interest, with one head for the administration 
     
     of these laws, and by enterjug into commercial 
     
     dtrang@ments with fareigu countries in the in- 
     
     tervst of all the Provinces as one community, | 
     
     the people of the solgnies would not he taking 
     
     & single step, directly or indirectly, hostile to 
     
     British interests. These interests could not be 
     
    
   
   
    
     are permanent; and, so far as the Provinces 
     
    
   
   
    
     \ eucreney of the Union, and are only kept down 
     
    
   
   
    
     chine, from a yard of cotton to a great coat, 
     
     are concerned, are not affected by the paper 
     
    
   
   
    
     by European competition. They have sense 
     
     enough to sce that it would not increase their 
     
     prosperity to subject themselves without re- 
     
     medy, or the possibjlity of alleviation, to the 
     
     kigh prices which myst rule in the Provinces 
     
     aS well as in the States, if the system of class | 
     
     legislation is to become really * continental” 
     
     through their adhesion. Anti-Confederates 
     
     say, “* We are not asked to adopt it.” But it 
     
     has all along been the avowed policy of the 
     
     United States Government to compel its adop- 
     
     tion in some way or other. The political ar- 
     
     gument in favor of the Reciprocity Treaty was 
     
     that it woukd ‘ripen the colonies to ‘drop in” 
     
     as a matter of course, in the fullness of time, 
     
     which, according to Mr. Seward, not a very 
     
     reliable authority in such anticipations, was to 
     
     be within ten years. Compulsion by means of 
     
     « hostile tariff is now threatened and expected 
     
     a3 the next political resource. But the people 
     
     of the Provinces must see that whether it is 
     
     attempted to suck them in or to force thei in, 
     
     it is equally their policy to pursue an indepen- 
     
     deut course, and to open new channels of trade 
     
     among themselves and with foreign countries, 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     | for which they have now advantages as pro- 
     
    
   
   
    
     dacers no less than consumers, which the 
     
     American * continental system" Goes not allow 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     eTected otherwise than beneficially by the in 
     
     creased prosperity of the colonies, which would | 
     
     necessarily result from such a union. 
     
    
   
   
    
     to those who are governed br it. This policy 
     
    
   
   
    
     ean only be carried out svecessfully by the anion 
     
    
   
   
    
     Great | of the Provinces, and jt will he realised all the 
     
    
   
   
    
     Britain is wow governed on such a system of | S00ner if the views we are now explaining are 
     
    
   
   
    
     commercial freedom that there is nothing the 
     
     colowaes can take from her, except by their 
     
    
   
   
    
     recognized a the governing motives for the 
     
     new politie aj arraugement. The benetits to be 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     mlopting a system of commercial levislation 
     
    
   
   
    
     entirely opposed to her own example and to | 
     
    
   
   
    
     those free prineiplos which gre being recoguized 
     
     wud adopted by all modera governments but 
     
     that of the United States. But the qvestion of 
     
     commercial independence, with reference to the 
     
     States, is certainly involved in that of colonial 
     
     union, tor the chief result of “Confederation 
     
     would be to render the Provinces no longer 
     
     dependent on the legislation of a powerful 
     
     neizhbor, whose declared poliey, even in agree- 
     
     iny to a system of reciprocity, is to injure its 
     
     competitors and to promote political ends, It 
     
     the present treaty is not renewed, it wi!l he ‘the 
     
     eause it has not sueeeeded in rinening those 
     
     pelitical sympathies which it was supposed 
     
     would result from ten years of commercial in- 
     
     tercourse, and because the Provinces have en- 
     
     joved a fair share with the States of the benefits 
     
     af free trade, as producers as well as consumers. 
     
     The non-renewal of the treaty is dictated by 
     
     the same perverted motives as those in which 
     
     it orizinated on the Ameriean side, the idea 
     
     that,annexation will be promoted by the Pro- 
     
     vinees being made to feel the disady antages of 
     
     a hostile tariff acrossthe border, and that Ame- 
     
     rica trade will be benefitted by protection 
     
     asainst British American competition. These 
     
     are the ideas that are at the bottom of all 
     
     American commercial legislation to injure 
     
    
   
   
    
     foreign competitors for political ends, and for! 
     
    
   
   
    
     the benefit of home producers. The consumers 
     
     are not regarded except as taxable material for 
     
     the benefit of the manufacturing and political 
     
     classes, and of the public creditors. The yvreat 
     
     question that is now really at issue is, whether 
     
     the Provinees, hy remaining disunited, are to 
     
     contigue dependent on this system, willing to 
     
     take what they can get, and subject to be 
     
     operated on at any time either for political 
     
     purposes, or for the promotion of rival trading 
     
     aaterests. The grand recommendation of union 
     
     is,.that it presents a meane of escape from this 
     
     miserahle condition of subservience; and in 
     
     this sense, therefore, there is reason for the 
     
     charge, so often brought against the scheme by 
     
    
   
   
    
     objectors who bave nothing more specitic to 
     
    
   
   
    
     alleze than its teudency and design are to es-| 
     
    
   
   
    
     tablish the independence of the Provinces. 
     
     Although on this eontinent, and even in the 
     
    

    
     Provinces, there is a wonderful indifference on 
     
    

    
     the subject, the time cannot be far distunt 
     
    
   
   
    
     of sectional interests by the political power 
     
    
   
   
    
     when the public feeling against the promotion | Lower Provinces. Thetariffs there ave only ten | Rosslea, 
     
    
   
   
    
     derive’, from wiion have been too much regard- 
     
     (ed as negitive; but people can never be ex- 
     
     pected io be cuthusiastic in favor of a change 
     
     which does not promise more than merely the 
     
     removal of obstructions which nine hundred 
     
     and ninety-nine cut of a thousand have never 
     
     felt, simply because they have never had occa- 
     
     sion to come in contact with them. The Pro- 
     
     vinees have no grievances of the kind that 
     
     come home to every man’s business and bosom. 
     
     In one sense it is a misfortune for the proposal 
     
     of union that it is not a project for the redress 
     
     of such grievances, or for the concession of 
     
     jabstract rights, the demand for which forms 
     
     jeven a still more powerful motive for political 
     
     lagitation. The people not being miserable 
     
     | they do not experience any lively sensation of 
     
     | happiness in pressing on the present movement, 
     
     | for what is only exceptional in other matters 
     
     may be said to be the rule in political agitation. 
     
     People are never happy but when they are 
     
     nuserable. The prospective advantages are of 
     
     a kind which cautious business-men in private 
     
     life do not care to specify lest they be con- 
     
     sidered over sanguine. It is not necessary to 
     
     | be very sanguine, however, to perceive the in- 
     
     jnumerable ways in which the prosperity of a 
     
     | Colonial Union might be developed alongside 
     
     {of the ‘Continental System,” and chiefly be- 
     
     | cause of it. But politicians in the Provinces 
     
     haye hesitated about enlarging in detail—the 
     
     i ouly way in which the advantages of Union can 
     
     ibe brought home to the public mind—o. the 
     
     | development of British American industry un- 
     
     jder a united Government with an equ:tably 
     
     adjusted and light system of taxation. It is, 
     
     no doubt, well to aveid a tone that might be 
     
     regarded as hostile to a powerful neighbour, 
     
     But probably the true reason is. that Provincial 
     
     | politicians have not yet acquired that implicit 
     
     | faith in the literal principles of national trade 
     
     and finance which is so firmly established in the 
     
     British mind. I have heard it frequently re- 
     
     marked, “If a ten per cent. tariff oa a few 
     
     leading articles could be adopted,” as if such 
     
     an idea were too good to be thought of. But 
     
     why should it not? Because a certain revenue 
     
     has to be raised, and it is taken for granted as 
     
     @ matter of course that a large revenue can 
     
     only be got by means of a high tariff. To this 
     
     | assumption has in a great measure been owing 
     
     |the opposition to the project of Union in the 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     | and fifteen per cent. on the chief commodities, 
     
    
   
   
    
     ficiency will nut exceed one million, so that there 
     
    

    
     will be another considerable redaction of taxation 
     
    

    
     in the year en which we have entered. The 
     
    

    
     revenue in 1864 wae £70,124,374; in 1865 it was 
     
    

    
     £69,196,472, The more duties and taxes are ; 
     
     reduced, the larger growa the ineeme. Se with | 
     
     the trade of the country. The Beard of Trade} 
     
     Returus for November exhibit an increase of three 
     
    

    
     and a half millions on these of the same anenth 
     
    

    
     of 1864, or twenty-nine per cent; and compared 
     
    

    
     with November, 1663, an increase of twenty-two 
     
    

    
     percent. There ts one slight drawback—an in- 
     
    

    
     crease in the value of money. When the Bank 
     
    

    
     of England, on the 29th, raised the rate of dia- 
     
    

    
     count, it was @ precautionary measure, and 
     
    

    
     whethee the rate will increase, or otherwise, will 
     
    

    
     depend upon the effect which the step then taken 
     
    

    
     will produce. The probability, however, is that, 
     
    

    
     in the present healthy but speculative teuper ot 
     
    

    
     the nation, money will be dear for some time; 
     
    

    
     and one authority states that the rate of discount 
     
    

    
     may eee tweuty per cent. 
     
    

    
     THE JAMAICA COMMISSION. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Mr. Gurney, M. P. P., Recorder of London, 
     
     and Mr. Maule, Recorder of Leeds, whu are to 
     
     assist Sir H. Storks in the Jamaica inquiry, sailed 
     
     from Southampton, Mr. Cardwell, in a speech 
     
     which he delivered at Oxford, stated that the 
     
     temporary suspension of Governor Eyre was not 
     
     resolved upon because the Government thought he 
     
     was unfit to remain io the office, but because il 
     
     Was considered that pending the enquiry it would 
     
     be only fair both to the Governor and his accusers 
     
     that somebody else should huld the reius ot 
     
     power. 
     
    

    
     The Jamaica committee has despatched two 
     
     commissioners to the colony to watch the pro- 
     
     ceedings of the Royal Commission. ~Qne ia Mr 
     
     Horie Payne, a cemmon-law barrister, and the 
     
     other Mr. Gorrie, a Scotch advocate. Lt is stated 
     
     that the Colonial office has promised to afford 
     
     these gentlemen every facility tu coileeting inter- 
     
     mation, but has distinctly refused to recoguise 
     
     their locus standi before the commission. 
     
    

    
     There are now 23 steam-packet companies in 
     
     Great Britain, who own about 370 steamers, the 
     
     tonnage of which is 550,000, the horse-powei 
     
     110.000, and the value between £30,000,000 and 
     
     £40,000,000 sterling. 164 of these ships are 
     
     connected with Liverpool, 94 with Southampten, 
     
     40 with Hull, 25 with London, 16 with Glasgow, 
     
     and 16 with Hartepool; 200 hundred of these 
     
     steamers trade with the eastern and 170 with the 
     
     western hemisvhere — upwards of 80 of the 
     
     largest of the latter trade exclusively with the 
     
     United States. The whole of those steamere run 
     
     about 10,000,060 miles, and consuine 2,000,000 
     
     tons of coal in the course of a year, and they 
     
     give employment to 30,000 seafaring men. The 
     
     sane number of sailing ships would not run one 
     
     quarter the number of miles in a year. The 
     
     above ships are exclusive of about 2U0 steamers 
     
     that run to aud from England and the continent 
     
     by the southern ports iu the Engiish chanel 
     
    

    
     The whole of this vast steamship power of the 
     
     coustry has been created within the last 30 years. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Deati oF A DescenpDaxt or Owen Roe 
     
     G'’NettLe.—There died, a few days sitice, near 
     
     Rosslea, County Fermanagh, in the 96th year of 
     
     his age, a wan vamed Luke Lynch, who might. 
     
     with justice, be cited as an illustration of the 
     
     saying—* That it is amongst the Irish peasautry 
     
     the real nobility of the country may be found.” 
     
     Although this mau occupied a comparatively hum- 
     
     ble porition in society, he could dwell with pride 
     
     on the fact, that among the highest and best of the 
     
     historical celebrities of our country he would 
     
     find his ancestors; and although he was born 
     
     and lived his lifetime in a retired district, be 
     
     could trace a direct line of descent from the 
     
     Red Handed Neill, from Owen Roe, trom the 
     
     O’Reillys of Cavan, and from the M’Mahans otf 
     
     Monaghan and Dartry. The deceased had a 
     
     brother whe, abort forty years ago, emigrated to 
     
     South Carolina and settled at Cheraw, where he 
     
     became an extensive planter. One of his sons 
     
     was a major-general in the Confederate army, 
     
     who was prevented by sickness from taking ac- 
     
     tive service. Another son, James, was a colonel, 
     
     and commanded ou James’s Island, off Char 
     
     leston, during some of Gilmore’s must determined 
     
     jattacks; he died in the service. Another son 
     
     jis the Right Rev. P. N. Lynch, Bishop of South 
     
     | Carolina, who lately visiied Europe ona a diplo- 
     
     jmatic wission for the Government of Jeff. 
     
     | Davis, and while bere he visited his uncle at 
     
     At that time his father was in pood 
     
     health, and ou a visit with another son Dr. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     wall-he aa-strony aa ever it has been in Britain. | while that of Canada is twenty per cent. It is John Lynch. of Coluabia, S.C. The deceased 
     
     There are no Ex slishmen so much respected in| supposed, almost without contradiction, that | was a man of very considerable attainments, and 
     
     the United States as John Stuart Mil! and John | under Confederation the Canadian tariff would, | intimately acquainted with every phase of Trish 
     
     Bricht: but the essential principle that has in-| 88 regards the leading duties, be substituted for | politics. He could freely converse on every poli- 
     
    
   
   
    
     spired the writinus and speeches of these emi- 
     
     nent men is just the one which the United 
     
     States irsuores and contravenes at every turn of 
     
     its levislation. The free-trader says that poli. 
     
     tical yovernments should have regard ouly to 
     
    
   
   
    
     the inierestsiof the consumers —that is to sry, | Canadian system of duties. But the adoption | 
     
    
   
   
    
     athe whole people. The British statesman re- 
     
    
   
   
    
     ithe others, and as if this assumption were not 
     
     open to question it has been shown officially 
     
     j how much more the Province of New Bruns- 
     
     wick would last year have contributed to the 
     
     lrevenue than it did, if it had been under the 
     
    
   
   
    
     of a tariff will be the most important point for 
     
    
   
   
    
     i tieal change that came over the country since 
     
     jhe saw the volunteers of 1732 under driil. He 
     
     | retained his mental faculties to the last, and, 
     
    
   
   
    
     | aided by every consolation of religion, has de- 
     
    
   
   
    
     |parted, it is to be hoped, to a better world, 
     
     | —Correspondent of Ulster Observer. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Concerning the late disseusion among the Fer- 
     
    
   
   
    
     fers ty the amout of imports as proof of the | the representatives of all the Provinces to con- | ians in the United States, the London Daily 
     
    
   
   
    
     prosperity of the people by whom they are con-| * ; al 
     
     Stimed, without any question about the balance from the Lower Provinces we may be sure will | 
     
     partial to a scale of duties not higher if | 
     
    
   
   
    
     Wf trade with those countries from which they 
     
     are derived. That the working-man is lightly 
     
     taxed on the necessaries of life, not at all on 
     
     the most essential, such as bread, meat, cloth- 
     
     jag, and fuel, and very lightly on tea, coffee, 
     
     and susar, is thought not unworthy of being 
     
     enlarged on by Mr, Gladstone as the grand re- 
     
     sult of the system of leyislation that is now 
     
     established, The American system may be 
     
     tiferibed as the epposite of all this. “The 
     
     consumer is left eut of account entirely ; the 
     
     producer alone is cousidered. The old fallacy 
     
    

    
     t, whatever benefits the latter must also be 
     
     for the good of the former, is as much a fullacy 
     
     here, where almost all meu are suid to be pro- 
     
    
   
   
    
     sider when the Union has been formed. Those 
     
    
   
   
    
     | be 
     
     | possible than they have at present. But what 
     
     | peculiar interast can Canada have in adhering 
     
     jto its present tariff? It is supposed that Cana- 
     
     | dians generally, aud Mr. Galt more especially, 
     
     | have a love for heavy import duties in the ab- 
     
     istract? On the contrary, there can be no 
     
     | doubt they will be glad to approximate to the 
     
     | low rates of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, as 
     
     | far as they think it safe and practicable to do 
     
     130. It is desirable that they should venture as 
     
     | far as possible in this direction, for the sooner 
     
     }a broad contrast is established between the 
     
     | free system of the United Provinces, and the 
     
     | exclusive policy of the United States, the more 
     
    
   
   
    
     ers, as in Europe where the son-producers | quickly will the sure reward be enjoyed. Even 
     
    
   
   
    
     ques eome to be so much more sumerous in 
     
     mpertion tu the rest of the community. The 
     
    

    
     istinction is more truly indicated hy the terms 
     
    

    
     “‘capitalist™ and “laborer,” and the protective 
     
     system iu America is in reality as unjust to the 
     
     pilleg as ever it was in Britain, The only dif. 
     
     crence is that here working men of all oan 
     
    

    
     are obliged by the system of protection to pay 
     
     higher prices for the clothes they wear and the 
     
     tools they work with, whereag iu Britain it was 
     
     throuzh the augmented prices of bread and beef 
     
     that the working people were swindled by the 
     
     Cioxernment for the benefit of a certain class 
     
     “producers.” That the consumptive power 
     
    

    
     oF these producers was increased by the greater 
     
     prosperity they were alleged to enjoy, and the 
     
     laterests of all classes tus apheld by the system 
     
     of protection, was a delusion which has been 
     
    
   
   
    
     most sizually dispelled; the working classes 
     
    
   
   
    
     at the risk of a deficit for a year or two, it is 
     
     above all things desirable that the new Confe- 
     
     deration should take decided ground from the 
     
     first as the champion of free imports on the 
     
     American continent. Of course there are no 
     
     abstract principles, in poltics more particularly, 
     
     to which there ‘are not exceptions. Free im- 
     
     ports do not imply the total abolition of cus- 
     
     tom-houses and import duties, and free trade 
     
     does not mean the exposure of national interests 
     
     under all circumstances to foreign competitions. 
     
     England has outzrown the system of reciprocity 
     
     which was introduced by Mr. Huskisson forty 
     
     years ago, and in most directions it has substi- 
     
     tuted actual free trade. But it is still qumte 
     
     ready to negotiate for reciprocity when nego- 
     
     tiation is required, and it was Mr. Cob- 
     
     den, the most thorough-going of free traders, 
     
     who negotiated the existing commercial treaty 
     
     with France. The adherence to protection 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     generally, and the classes immediately depen- 
     
     ut 08 agriculture, owners, occupiers, and la- 
     
     borers alike, have all gained immensely by the 
     
     change. The assertion so often indulged in by 
     
     public writers in America, that the protective 
     
     system is for the benefit of American labor, is 
     
     one of the most absurd misstatements that the 
     
     light of experience has ever exposed. Protec- 
     
     tion in America is as much for the interest of 
     
     & numerous and powerful class, and as much 
     
     opposed to that of the whole body of the peo- 
     
     ple, and tothe working of good government 
     
     On the only safe basis of justice and equality, 
     
     as the system which in Europe all great politi. 
     
     ! thinks from Adam Smith to John Stuart 
     
     Muil, have denowuced as the root of all evil. 
     
     118 system, loag 20 discarded on the other 
     
     side of the Atlantic by sll who have had any 
     
     affinities fur freedom, hon funnd refuge on this 
     
     side under the dignified title of * The Conti- 
     
     neutal System.”’ It is for the Proviuces now 
     
     tw deeide whether they will succumb to this 
     
     syatem, and accept a share of the ominous f2- 
     
     ture which inevitably awaits its unchecked 
     
     vel ment, or secure to themselyes and 
     
     * that better protection which 
     
     must result from the independent and unswerv- 
     
     ing application of those sounder principles 
     
     whi wd the interests of the whole people 
     
     as the sole end of government, and all other 
     
     claims as cases for exceptional treatment, if 
     
     entettained at sll. Mr. Gladstone, the other 
     
     , Spoke of these as “the ouly principles on 
     
     which country can be justly governed ;”’ and 
     
     ritish Provinces have now a noble oppor- 
     
     tunity for establishing them for the first time 
     
     4 this continent. This opportunity is so ma- 
     
     is eee beeen ie tn eostees on ob 
     
     vious, Ht seems scarcely necessary to poiut 
     
     i That any class cham should be so 
     
     iyfatuated, anf +> fatalist in their ideas as tu 
     
     i eee foe enna 
     
     ings to w are pleased to 
     
     call vheie ‘natural course "’—~that is to say, 
     
     that they should have no other aim for t 
     
     feature but to recongile themselves hopelessly 
     
     te absorption into the “ Continental System,” 
     
     with its imereas.ug burdems, and the political 
     
     troubles which can hardly fail to result from 
     
     almost incredible: 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
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     f 
     
     S 
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
     fallacies in one community may necessitate a 
     
     certain regard to them in its neighbours. 
     
     Thus, if the States impose a duty on fish, it is 
     
     ot to he expected that the Provinces will carry 
     
     out the principles of free trade so literally as 
     
     not to follow the example. As regards the 
     
     produce of the different Province the Union 
     
     must fur many Years to come be of the nature 
     
     of a commercial treaty, the system of duties 
     
     being such as to ind.ce Canada to buy its fish 
     
     from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and the 
     
     latter to take the flour and plovisious of Canada 
     
     in return, But a temporary policy for the 
     
     consolidation of a new country, ana for opening 
     
     the necessary channels of an independent fore?gn 
     
     commerce, does not conilict with the principles 
     
     of free trade, which it is sincctely to be desired 
     
     may form the essential spirit of the new Con- 
     
     federation. 
     
     ——____+_-~-ae-—___— 
     
     ITEMS OF ENGLISH FEWS., 
     
    
   
   
    
     MINISTERIAL CHANGES. 
     
    
   
   
    
     We hesr of some further Ministerial changes. 
     
     Lord Clarence Paget, for instance, is giving up 
     
     his post ss Sec: lary te the Adwiralty, to join the 
     
     British fleet in tne Mediterranean; and his suc- 
     
     cessor ia Mr. Stansfexl, the gentleman who, as a 
     
     Junior Lord of the Ada, Nity, was driven from 
     
    
   
   
    
     News, of late date says :— 
     
    

    
     “After this struggle, it will be difficult te 
     
     | reinstate Fevanism in its old importance before 
     
     the world. For some reason we could have 
     
     wished that the display had been postponed for 2 
     
     month or two. Our Government, our press and 
     
     our judges have been treating Fenianism as a 
     
     very serious thing, and we are all committed te 
     
     that line. We cannot suddenly change ground ; 
     
     Mr. Justice Keogh must be kept in countenance ; 
     
     Whereas the ridiculous demonstration suggests to 
     
     the world that we have been making tee much of 
     
     an absurd imposture. This, however, is a mat- 
     
     ter as to which we have no choiee, and perhaps 
     
     on the whole it is better that Fenianiam should 
     
     visibly collapse amidet the laughter of the world, 
     
     than owe its suppression entirely tu stern jus- 
     
     tice.” 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     er 
     
    

    
     A Mexican Town Caprurep ny Texan 
     
     FttLipusrers.—The Matamoras Ranchero ot 
     
     the Sth contains the following :-—Several officers 
     
     and men crossed from Clarksville, Texas, and 
     
     took up their quarters apparently for the night 
     
     Shortly after midnight the guards at the ferry and 
     
     along the river were surprised and disarmed by 
     
     this party. Such lighters as were at hand were 
     
     immediately seized, and with them the party 
     
     crossed the military forces at Clarksville, about 
     
     one hundred strong, mostly negroes, and entered 
     
     Bagdad, The imperial garrison in Bagdad, about 
     
     175 streng, was completely surprised and eap- 
     
     tured. The commander of the post and captain 
     
     of the post were taken prisoners while in bed. Ht 
     
     is reported from Lellia that the latter escaped. 
     
     The fillibusters upon capturing the town imme- 
     
     diately inaugurated a system of plunder and pil 
     
     lage. The warehouses were gutted and their 
     
     contents crossed over to the American side of the 
     
     river. 
     
    

    
     The Imperial gunboat Antonia was called upon 
     
     to surrender, but answered with a broadside, 
     
     which for atime acattered the fillibusters. A 
     
     second demand for the surrender of the gunboat 
     
     was subsequently made, which was answered in 
     
     a similar manner. ‘The Antonia at the time was 
     
     en roule up the river. An Austrian sergeant on 
     
     board of ber was killed. At daylight the French 
     
     man-of-war in the harbor opened fire upon the 
     
     fiillibusters, compelling them to take refuge in the 
     
     upper part of the town. The last accounts stated 
     
     that the fillibusters still held the town. The 
     
     deaths reported on each side are 31. It is stated 
     
     that the fillibusters are commanded by Ger. Reed. 
     
     Gen. Crawford has atarted from Brownsville for 
     
     the scene of action, 1300 innperialiste, it was said, 
     
     had left Matamoras to attack the fillibusters, 
     
    

    
     ———-—-- 2S Doo— 
     
    
   
   
    
     TRADE OF MontTreaLt—The Herald devotes 
     
     thirty-six columns to a review of trade and com- 
     
     mere’, Which shows a most satisfactory state of 
     
     affairs. There has been a considerable increase 
     
     of shipping—5,062 vessels over 1864. ‘The exports 
     
     of Cancdian preduction amounted to $5 361,193, 
     
     of whieh $526,853 to the Lower Proviaces. 
     
     The exports oc articles not Canadian are valued 
     
     at $2,213,505: aver a inillion dollars’ worth of 
     
     tea went to the United States. There has been 
     
     a great demand fo> Canaai4 tweeds the whole 
     
     year. Less wheat was a..'pped ‘ast fall than for 
     
     ten years. The value of rea! property in Mon- 
     
     treal is thirty-eight uiillious, tne revere $355,- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     the Government a couple of Years ago, for his) go5 
     
    
   
   
    
     assumed complicity with the plots of Mazzini. 
     
     it ia eemaniihel the Uitramontas 8 and the 
     
     French Legation will take this appons! ent tn 
     
     dudgeon ; but they need not, for Mazzini is deg. 
     
     A Freneh jourval states that he is jiving in a) 
     
     small obscure lodging in Brewpton, and it asks 
     
     why. now that the ould conspirator ia powerless, 
     
     the King of Italy does not allow bim te expire on 
     
     his native soil. No better man could lave been 
     
     selected for the office that he now fills than Mr. 
     
     Stansfeld, and the lesson which bis fermer mishap 
     
     taught him ean never be forgotten during the re- 
     
     mamder of his life, however long protracted. 
     
     None but an able man could have emerged so 
     
     soon from wader the cloud. Lt is rumoured that 
     
     considerable reductions will take place in the 
     
     naval expenditure of the preseut year, and the 
     
     financial plang of the Duke of Somerset tor this 
     
     purpose are progressing satistactorily. Tae Duke 
     
     bas recently experienced a ead loss in the death 
     
     of his second son, who recently met with an ac- 
     
     cident in India that killed him. His father 
     
     disigned him for a politician, aud he wae said to 
     
     have been highly promising, and would have 
     
     made a figure as 3 public man, if bie life had been 
     
     spared. He was in delicate health, and was im- 
     
     prudent enough to go te Ladia, sunply tor the pur- 
     
     pose of making bimself acquainted with the 
     
     country. , 
     
    

    
     ’ ‘ ~ REVENUE RETURNS. 
     
    

    
     * The revenue returus te the end of 1865 are 
     
     eminently satisfactory. While reducing taxation 
     
     wm his fast budget to the extent of five millions 
     
     sterling, the Chaveellor of the Exebequer caleu- 
     
     lated on a deficiency of three millions, but it bas 
     
     auw been conclusively established that the de- 
     
    
   
   
    
     “4 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ot 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
     ——— 
     
     The Kingston papers state that orders i.1ve 
     
    
   
   
    
     been issued by Col. Moffatt, R. C. B., commana- 
     
     ant of the Military School, requiring the Cadets 
     
     ‘a wear cartridge and cappouches, and to take 
     
     their arms home with them at night. Also to 
     
     procerc to the Tete du Pont barracks in order to 
     
     “fall in’? with = Royal ca aa when- 
     
    

    
     they hear ‘bree guns 10 rapid succes- 
     
     pa roe. the mort “st night. Some say that the 
     
     order was issued af & matter of preeaution 
     
     against raids, the river mo being frozen between 
     
     the States aad Canada, and orders that it was 
     
     promulgated with the view of u!‘imately testing 
     
     the efficiency of the Cadets. 
     
    

    
     men te 
     
    
   
   
    
     A late cartoon in London Punch is sugges ‘ed 
     
     by the insurrection in Jamaica. There is in the 
     
     front of the cartoon a reverend gentleman of the 
     
     Aminadab Sleek stamp, Stiggins by name, with 
     
     eyes turned upwards as if perfectly oblivious of 
     
     everything worldly, and an orthodox umbrella in 
     
     his right hand. To his left ia a Jubberly negro, 
     
     for whom the reverend Aminadab seems to have 
     
     a striking affection. A short distanee bebiad is a 
     
     planter, who, with a balf supplieatory, balf cov- 
     
     demnatery look, rewarks tu Stiggins, * Am pot 
     
     [a iaan and a brother?" 
     
    

    
     ee 
     
    

    
     In Russiaa esffin fair is held once a year. 
     
     Every peasaut who hasan aged parent buys a 
     
     effin. The present is alwaye.acceptabie, for the 
     
     reeeiver feels assured that he will have a christian 
     
     burial, and he is proud of the son who thus gares 
     
    
   
   
    
     NEWS BY 
     
    
   
   
    
     —>— 
     
    
   
   
    
     The Gramin 
     
    
   
   
    
     Charlottetown, February 5, 1866. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     THE ENGLISH M 
     
    
   
   
    
     AIL ' us that there should be some power lodged in 
     
    
   
   
    
     her lifeboat. Did Captain Martin understand 
     
    

    
     the science of navigation; and, if he did, was 
     
     4 he in possession of implements upon which he 
     
     qcould rely? If he has, then it is hard to say 
     
     that the London was the prey of the fury of the 
     
     elements. But does the whole case not teach 
     
    
   
   
    
     the officers of Lloyds to prevent vessels sailing 
     
     in spite of warnings which should be regarded 
     
    
   
   
    
     Ow Saturday night and this morning we re- 
     
     ceived large Mails from the Colonies, from 
     
    
   
   
    
     which arrived this morning, brings us dates to 
     
     the 21st ult. We give befow some portions of 
     
     the news trom Europe. 
     
    

    
     The latest news from the Colonies and the 
     
     United States, both by telegraph and mail, will 
     
     be found in othér céluinns. ’ 
     
    
   
   
    
     NEWS FROM BUROPE BY THE 
     
     ENGLISH MAIL. 
     
    
   
   
    
     FENTANISM IN LONDON.—RUMOURED 
     
     CONSPIRACY TO BURN THE PUBLIC 
     
     BUILDINGS. 
     
    

    
     A rumour of a very alarming character is 
     
     prevalent, to the effect, that there’exists a con- 
     
     spiracy of Fenians to destroy some of the pub- 
     
     lic buildings in London, Extraordinary pre- 
     
     cautions azaivst such ¢ontingencies have 
     
     already been adopted on the part of the officials 
     
     at the Custom House, Somerset House, and 
     
     other places, consequent upon private and con- 
     
     fidential instructions received by them from 
     
     higher quarters. 
     
    

    
     THE INSURRECTION IN SPAIN. 
     
    

    
     There is nothing more unsatisfactory than to 
     
     try to make out the meaning of the bulletins 
     
     that are published daily by the commanding 
     
     officers who are conducting the campaign 
     
     against Prim. There are no less than five 
     
     columns, we are assured, in hot pursuit of the 
     
     rebel, but we are ata loss to understand whe- 
     
     ther they are more unwilling or more unable, 
     
     not ouly to get near him, but even to ascertain 
     
     where he is. 
     
    

    
     Official intelligene¢ announces that the in- 
     
     surgeuts forded the Gaudiana, near Villanueva 
     
     Serena, on Monday evening, at six o'clock, 
     
     and arrived at Villanueva at seven. They left 
     
     that place at eight o'¢lock, making hastily to- 
     
     wards the Portugese frontier. It is officially 
     
     announced that Prim-has not yet entered Por- 
     
     tugal. Complete tranquility continues to pre- 
     
     vail in Catalonia. Some armed men have, 
     
     however, appeared in the vicinity of Reus. 
     
     Order has not yet been disturbed in Saragossa. 
     
     The movements of the troops in that province 
     
     cuntinue. On the I6th, the insurgents, under 
     
     General Prim, were at Zalamea, a small village 
     
     on the frontiers of Pertugal. 
     
    

    
     According to letters from Madrid intelligence 
     
     had reached that city asserting that Admiral 
     
     Pareja, commander of the Spanish squadron off 
     
     the Chilian coast, had committed suicide. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     FRANCE AND MEXICO. 
     
    
   
   
    
     We have heard that the Emperor of the 
     
     French has positively intimated to the Cabinet 
     
     of Washington his willingness to withdraw his 
     
     troops from Mexico, @t any moment on condi- 
     
     tion that the Government of the United States 
     
     recognises the Rmpire of Mexico. 
     
    

    
     The French steamer Caton has been ordered 
     
     to proceed on a cruisé to Barcelona and other 
     
     Spanish ports, and the captain is instructed, in 
     
     case of need to place his ship at the disposal of 
     
     the French consuls. 
     
     PRUSSIA AND THE ISLAND OF FORMOSA. 
     
    

    
     It seems that the Prussian Government is 
     
     about to take possession of Formosa. Now, 
     
     Formosa, under the name of Tai-wan-foo, or 
     
     “the District of the Great Day,” witha capital 
     
     of that name, the residence of a Chinese chi foo, 
     
     or prefect, belongs to the Government ot Fe- 
     
     kien, the Viee-royalty of Ming-che (Fo-kien 
     
     and Che-kiang), and to the empire of China. 
     
     The island was taken from the Moslems in 1624 
     
     by the Dutch, who erected at Tai-wan the fort 
     
     Zelannia. About that time 25,000 Chinese, 
     
     followed in this century by millions, took re- 
     
     fuye in the island, escaping from the rule of 
     
     the Manchoo conquerers. Zelandia and the 
     
     island were taken in 1662 from the Dutch by 
     
     the Chinese pirate Ching-chi-koong, also known 
     
     by the name of Coshinga, It was thea opened 
     
     to Enyzlish traders. The pirate’s son surrev- 
     
     dered Forniosa in 1683 to Kang-hi, Emperor 
     
     of China. The island afterwards revolted two 
     
     or three times, as other parts of the empire 
     
     did, the last rebellion being crushed in 1834. 
     
     The Chinese quarterly Red-book gives Formosa 
     
     as a district of the empire, and every English- 
     
     man who has been ¢uyazed ia the civil service 
     
     |in China may be aware that it is really a part 
     
     of it. Have all strong nations a right to take 
     
     hold of any possessions of other nations they 
     
     think of some use to themselyes—such as Den- 
     
     mark, Montevideo, Chili, the guano islands, or 
     
     Formosa? The most striking fact is, that the 
     
     Prussian Government seems to have a treaty 
     
     with China and a Minister at Pekin. ; 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     INDIA. 
     
    
   
   
    
     TERRIBLE RAILWAY CALAMITY — LORD EDWARD 
     
     SEYMOUR EILLED BY A REAR. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Bomsay, Dec. 28.—A terrible accident has 
     
     occurred on the Great Indian Peninsular Rail- 
     
     way on the Thull Ghatt, occasioned by a goods 
     
     train rushing throuzh a station, and being pre- 
     
     cipitated over an embankment of seventy feet. 
     
     Six lives were lost, the enzines and carriages 
     
     destroyed, and the goods utterly damaged. The 
     
     Great Indian Peninsular Railway was opened 
     
     to Budmaira en the 38th ist. — Lord Edward 
     
     Seymour was attacked by a bear while out 
     
     shooting on the 13th inst. in North Canara. 
     
     One leg was afterwards amputated. He did not 
     
     survive the operation, but died on the 20th inst. 
     
     -—A petition for the removal of Judge Antsey 
     
     from the Bench has been presented to the Bom- 
     
     bay Government by many leading natives of 
     
     Bombay.—Shocks of earthquake have heen felt 
     
     near Calcutta and in the Punjaub. The Nag- 
     
     pore Exhibitiou has been opened by Mr. Temple, 
     
     the Commissioner, with great eclat. The In- 
     
     dian Budget is expected to be published on the 
     
     Ist of March. ‘The weather is cool, and public 
     
     health good. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Surpwrecks.—The new steamship “Lon- 
     
     don,’’ carrying two hundred and thirty human 
     
     beings to Melbourne, has gone down, and 
     
     only nineteen persons have survived to tell the 
     
     tale. We have no feason to hope that any 
     
     part of the two hundred and eleven of the 
     
     crew and passengers will be saved, because the 
     
     nineteen witnessed the vessel go down. stern 
     
     foremost in the raging sea. So sad a record 
     
     can only be noted)! for it is almost idle to 
     
     offer words of sympethy to surviving relatives, 
     
     whilst the real calamity is one which ought to 
     
     provoke a very stern inquiry on the part of the 
     
     public, for it is a calamity thus to lose one of 
     
     the finest vessels of our mercantile steam navy, 
     
     and it goes either to impeach the yalue of our 
     
     scientific culture, or the prudence of our ship 
     
     captains. The ‘London’ left Plymouth on 
     
     Saturday, the 6th, and she sailed at once into 
     
     frightful weather, which was prophetic of the 
     
     storm to come. It blew a gale on the 7th, 8th 
     
     and 9th, and on the last day the ‘London’ lost 
     
     her jib-foretop, top-gailant, and royal masts. 
     
     The life-boat was washed away. Ouly on the 
     
     10th she put about, after having parted with 
     
     some of her spars, in order to get back to 
     
     Piymouth, or some other port, but the sea 
     
    

    
     hroke over decks, and extinguished the engine 
     
     Sas On Wednesday week the passengers 
     
     hal to keep the vessel afloat by bailing the 
     
     water put with buckets, but it was found to be 
     
     impossible to stop the leak which was made in 
     
     the stern ports. There only remained the 
     
     boats. The first capsized; fhe second lived in 
     
     the raging sea, and broight us the ninetee 
     
    

    
     survivors to tell the melanchoiy tale. We 
     
     shall not attenipf to dwell upon the frightful 
     
     sufferings of the crew and 
     
     ing the five day’ when they contended with 
     
     disaster after disaster, and the angry elements 
     
     around. We are sjmply desirous of drawing 
     
     attention to the important question of how 
     
     far the calamity might have been avoided. 
     
     On the 6th of Lacteity the whole mercantile 
     
     warine had notice that on the 5th the harome- 
     
     ter was lower than 30 dezrees, and at Plymouth 
     
     it must iave been known that the barometer 
     
     indicated as low a rate as 29 deg. 72 min. 
     
     The ¢‘ storm signal’? was hoisted all over our 
     
     coasts, indicating the approach of a south- 
     
     westerly gale. Uf course we do not expect 
     
     skippers, who eonceive themselves to be 
     
     weather-wise and jn advance of modern science, 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Admiral Fitzroy. The Londog ggiled in spite 
     
     of a warning which no pradem man woah] have 
     
     disregarded, and in spite of a further fail in 
     
     the barometer. Th? London did not atiempt 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     for bie laet resting place. 
     
     * eae... Cat 
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
         
     
        
     
    
   
   
    
     to tarn back until car “4 lost her spars and 
     
    
   
   
    
     by all prudent men ? 
     
     to be wasted by the exercise of ignorance too 
     
     America, and from Europe. The English Mail, | conceited or prejudiced to learn the simplest 
     
    

    
     truths taught by Providence.—London News 
     
     of the World, i 
     
    
   
   
    
     IMPENDING TROUBLE BETWEEN THE 
     
    
   
   
    
     States is that which records the fillibustering 
     
    
   
   
    
     tory, of which the particulars are given in our 
     
    
   
   
    
     tween Mexico and France on the one side and 
     
     the United States on the other. 
     
    
   
   
    
     event :-— 
     
    
   
   
    
     Life is too precious thus 
     
    
   
   
    
     an. 21. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ——-_ > 
     
    
   
   
    
     U. STATES AND MEXICO. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Tue most notable news from the United 
     
     raid from the United States into Mexican terri- 
     
    
   
   
    
     news columns. The press seems generally to 
     
    
   
   
    
     regard it as the commencement of trouble be- 
     
    
   
   
    
     The New 
     
     York Daily News thus apprehends the danger 
     
     that is likely to arise from this untoward 
     
    
   
   
    
     The news from Mexico is of a most threaten- 
     
     ing character; viewed in connexion with the 
     
     tone and substance of the diplomatic corres- 
     
     pondence, recently published, between this Go- 
     
     vernment and that of France, it is almost pro- 
     
     phetic of a foreign war. The attitude of the 
     
     United States towards Maximilian, and our re- 
     
     lations with Napoleon in regard to Mexican 
     
     atfairs, will not admit of such rough demonstra- 
     
     tions as have been reported from the Rio 
     
     Grande. It will be ditheult for Mr. Seward, 
     
     with the record of his hostility to the Mexican 
     
     empire in the hands of M. Drouyn de Lhuys, to 
     
     couvinee that not over amiable diplomat that 
     
     the capture of Bagdad and of its Imperial gar- 
     
     risou was not inspired by this Government. Of 
     
     course the Administration will deprecate such 
     
     acts of violence, and will seek to be absolved 
     
     trom responsibility for the offences of a so- 
     
     called fillibustering expedition; but when a 
     
     force, organized, armed and equipped in one of 
     
     the United States invades the territory claimed 
     
     by Maximilian, and inaugurates an offensive 
     
     campaign by capturing and holding possession 
     
     of one of his garrisoned towns, something more 
     
     than an apoloyy will be demanded. Napoleon 
     
     will claim, not without reason, that the pre- 
     
     sence of a large Federal army upon the Mexican 
     
     frontier, with ordinary zeal aud vigilance, eould 
     
     compel the observance of a strict neutrality, if 
     
     such were the instructions and purpose of those 
     
     incommand. If the fillibusters, or any of them, 
     
     he captured by the Imperialists, they will un- 
     
     doubtediy be marched away to immediate ex- 
     
     ecution, Should they escape hack into Texas, 
     
     Maximilian, in default of their delivery into his 
     
     power, will hold this Government accountable 
     
     for their deeds. In either case there would be 
     
     engendered a popular excitement, mutual re. 
     
     sentments, passiou, vindictiveness, defiance and 
     
     retaliation. 
     
    

    
     The Montreal Gazette, of January 19, allud- 
     
     ing to the same subject, says :— 
     
    

    
     The news from the Rio Grande is of an 
     
     important character, in that it looks to compli 
     
     cations hetween the United States and France. 
     
     The raid made upon the Mexican town of Bag- 
     
     dad, near to the Imperialist Headquarters, re- 
     
     sulting in its capture and pillage, was by citizens 
     
     and soldiers of the United States. The Go- 
     
     vernment at Washington will probably disavow 
     
     the act. But, according to the doctrines they 
     
     held during the late war, they onght to have 
     
     prevented the raid; and, not having prevented 
     
     it, they must be held responsible in damages. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     be prepared for him at the general election of 
     
     next Summer. Jt is very much better that he 
     
     should be returned at the close of a Parliament 
     
     —if the evil has to be borne at all—than at the 
     
     beginning of a Parliament, when he would 
     
     have four Sessions to twist and turn through. 
     
     His chance of reelection next Summer wiil de- 
     
     pend entirely upon dis conduet during the en- 
     
     suing Session. Let us hope that conduct will 
     
     not be so bad as our recollection of the past 
     
     might lead us to fear it will be. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     > +: <a -+ 
     
    
   
   
    
     THE LATE TRIALS. —A PLEA FOR 
     
     MERCY, 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     [Tux following Letter, from one whose con- 
     
     tributions are always welcome, so thoroughly 
     
     agrees with our own sentiments that we readily 
     
     give it the most prominent place in our co- 
     
     lumns. We never had the lcast hope that the 
     
     Tenant League—(gone to 
     
     should have gone long ago) — would help the 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Jericho, as it 
     
    
   
   
    
     poor men or their families out of the misfor- 
     
     tunes in which they have been inyolved by the 
     
     vile teachings of that League. Now the vic- 
     
     tims of the illegal Society are objects of charity. 
     
     They can place no dependence on that Society 
     
     for help in their troubles; but after a little 
     
     while the community may, and will, we hope, 
     
     (as suggested by our correspondent), petition 
     
     for their release from prison, and for a remis- 
     
     sion of their fines. We have no doubt that 
     
     His Excelleney the Lieut. Governor would fa- 
     
     vorably entertain such an application ; but the 
     
     Tenant League, if it has any life left in it, 
     
     should not appear as a body to urge this plea 
     
     for mercy,—Epitor Examrver.) 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Mr. Eprtror :— 
     
    
   
   
    
     There is, Iam sure, hardly any one in the 
     
     country who does not feel sorry fur the unfor- 
     
     tunate men who have been sentenced to fine 
     
     and imprisonment on account of their connec- 
     
     tion with the Tenant League. I do not wish 
     
     it to be thought that I consider their sextence 
     
     unnecessarily severe. They have been guilty 
     
     of a very grave offence. If every man in the 
     
     community considered himself at liberty to act 
     
     as they have acted, there would, in a ver: short 
     
     time, be left not the faintest vestize of govern- 
     
     ment in the Colony. Neither our persons nor 
     
     If it were left to 
     
     every man’s judzment or every man’s eaprice 
     
    
   
   
    
     our property would be safe. 
     
    
   
   
    
     whether he would yield obedience to the laws 
     
     or not, there would speedily be no refuge from 
     
     violence — no remedy against fraud. Govern- 
     
     ment must be armed with power to enforce 
     
     obedience on the unwilling, and to penish the 
     
     disobedient. 
     
     have committed have not been committed 
     
     against the proprietors or against the Sheriff 
     
    
   
   
    
     The crimes which the rioters 
     
    
   
   
    
     and his officers, considered simply as indivi- 
     
     duals, but they have been committed against 
     
     the State. The common good, the interest of 
     
     all, requires that every citizen shall yield a 
     
     prompt obedience to the laws — to laws which 
     
     he considers bad as well as to those which he 
     
     believes to be good. When he violates these 
     
     laws, or attempts to impede their execution, he 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     But in practice they will find this distasteful, | 
     
     and we have no doubt they will see new light. | 
     
     There is another view. If it is known in France | 
     
     how long and openly a raid of this sort has 
     
     been threatened from the Uffited States side of 
     
     the Rio Grande, and how offensive to France 
     
     has been the language used on many public 
     
     oceasions by commanding officers of the United 
     
     States in departments in the vicinity, the feel- 
     
     ing which will be excited there when this news 
     
     reaches will not be of the most pleasant sort. 
     
     We have some interest in the question, as, be- 
     
     sides the extent to which Great Britain may be 
     
     bound to act with France, it is one in which 
     
     we have natural sympathy. 
     
     ——— i S OF LP «> S———. -____. 
     
     ELECTION IN THE FIRST DISTRICT OF 
     
     KING'S COUNTY. 
     
    
   
   
    
     does injury not to one individual, or to a class 
     
     of individuals, but to the whole community— 
     
     himself among the rest. O/fences like those 
     
     vf which Dickieson, Doucette, Gallant, and 
     
     others, have been guilty, are far more danger- 
     
     ous to the common weal than those against 
     
     person and property, which, in ordinary cir- 
     
     cumstances. form the great bulk of the crimes 
     
     which it is the business of our Courts of Law 
     
     But thouzh the 
     
     offence is more dangerous, the degree of moral 
     
     guilt that attaches te the offencer is far less. 
     
    
   
   
    
     to investigate and punish, 
     
    
   
   
    
     The man, who, without cause, abuses me in 
     
     the street, and offers me personal violence, 
     
     must of necessity be a person of bad habits 
     
     and low character; the man who enters my 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     We regret to learn that the election in the 
     
     above District on Wednesday last resulted in | 
     
     the retarn of Mr. McEachen, by majority, it 
     
     is said, of sixty or seventy votes over Mr. 
     
     Davies. We confess that this result has sur- 
     
     prised us. Mr. Davies appeared to have a 
     
     majority of names of electors on his requisition 
     
     before he agreed to offer, and amongst the 
     
     number we counted the name of nearly every 
     
     man of influence in the district. There must 
     
     have been sad blundering, or culpable inactivity 
     
     on their part; or, what is worse, the requisition 
     
     must have been shamefully “cooked”’ for the 
     
     occasion. We thought that Mr. Davies's well 
     
     known sympathy for the teaantry—whose cause 
     
     he has sometimes advocated with even undue 
     
     ardour — which class largely predominate 
     
     throughout the district — would, independent 
     
     of other considerations, secure him a safe 
     
     return. Beinz strongly opposed to Confedera- 
     
     tion, as, we are told, the people of the Colony 
     
     generally are—we thought he would have a 
     
     better chance than if he announced himself as 
     
     faveurable to that measure. Besides, he had 
     
     a political character of long standing in his 
     
     fayour, as well as a fine social position as an 
     
     enterprising merchant in good business. And 
     
     again, his opponent is a man whose political 
     
     character was deeply stained by his conduct in 
     
     the Session of 1854. How he has atoned for 
     
     that conduct — or how he ever can —is more 
     
     than we can say. Certainly a majority of his 
     
     constituents appear to have peculiar notions 
     
     of political honour, 
     
    
   
   
    
     Mr. Davies, we are informed, attributes his 
     
     defeat to a declaration made by him that he 
     
     would oppose all grants for sectarian institu- 
     
     tions of learning. This would give a reli- 
     
     gious colouring to the contest —the Catholics 
     
     having a majority of votes in the District, 
     
     and feeling aggrieved at the conduct of the 
     
     Government in refusing to aid St. Dun- 
     
     stan’s College. But this, we think, can hardly 
     
     be the issue on which he was defeated. Indeed, 
     
     as we surmised last week, we thought the fact 
     
     of non-rssidence would be the greetest obstacle 
     
     in his way; and we expect yet to learn from 
     
     conclusive evidence that upon this issue the 
     
     election chiefly turned. The country distriets 
     
     are very jealous of town influence, and each 
     
     has a decided objection to take its two mem- 
     
     bers from this quarter. This objection—which 
     
     is not, indeed an unreasonable one—we thought 
     
     would be waived in favour of so good a candi- 
     
    
   
   
    
     date as Mr. Davies, especially as there is only 
     
    
   
   
    
     one Session of the present House to run. It 
     
     was, atall events, the duty of the promoters of 
     
    
   
   
    
     the requisition to ascertain how far the minds 
     
     passengers dur-| 4¢ he electors were influenced by the question 
     
     of non-residence; and ifthere was danger from 
     
     its prévaience, Mr, Davies should never have 
     
     been ealled out. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Politically considered, the retarn of Mr. 
     
    
   
   
    
     McEachen can have little or izo effect on the 
     
     state of parties in the House. The Govern- 
     
     ment would still have a good working majority 
     
     there even if Mr. Davies had been elected. 
     
     Mr. McEachen will add but one to their num- 
     
     ber, for we do not suppose he will join the 
     
     rauks of the Liberal Opposition. He must be 
     
     to condescend to potice {he drum and cone of 2 One side or the other. 
     
     course to steer in the House of Assembly ; and 
     
     befure next May the essentially Liberal district 
     
     for which he has been returned will know the 
     
    
   
   
    
     There is no middle 
     
    
   
   
    
     house by stealth, and steals my goods, cannot 
     
     be otherwise than morally depraved; but he, 
     
     who, smarting under what he conceives to be 
     
     an injustice, and countenanced and encouraged 
     
     by men whom he respects and confides in, 
     
     under the influence of strong excitement, at- 
     
     tacks or endeavours to intimidate an officer of 
     
     the law in the execution of his duty, may be an 
     
     honest man, and, when better instructed, may 
     
     prove a useful, law-abiding citizen. It needs 
     
     but little reading or reflection to convince our- 
     
     selves of this truth, that rioters and rebels, 
     
     though often very dangerous to the peace and 
     
     well-being of a community, are not necessarily 
     
     bad men. The poor fellows who have, by their 
     
     folly and credulity, brought on themselves the 
     
     vengeance of the outraged laws, are, I am con- 
     
     vinced, decent, honest men. They were, before 
     
     they listened to the pernicious teachings of the 
     
     Tenant League leaders, peaceable, industrious 
     
     citizens. They have, no doubt, by this time 
     
     seen the error of their ways. They have ere 
     
     this found out that they have been labouring 
     
     under a great delusion. They must now per- 
     
     ceive that to oppose the officers of the law is 
     
     the worst possible course they could have pur- 
     
     sued in order to obtain a redress of the griey- 
     
     ances, under which they, in common with 
     
     others, were labouring. Those now in prison, 
     
     and many others, have, I trust and beiieve, 
     
     learned this salutary lesson. That portion of 
     
     the tenantry who lent a willing ear to the 
     
     teachings of the unprincipled men who preached 
     
     the foolish and wicked doctrine of resistance 
     
     to the laws, now sees the evil —the ruinous 
     
     tendency of such a principle. There is, I 
     
     think, very little danger of any considerable 
     
     number of people in this Island ever again at- 
     
     tempting to get up a tin-trumpet rebellion. 
     
     Bitter experience and cool reflection have 
     
     shown them the folly of such a procedure. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Seeing, then, that danger to the community 
     
     from the lawlessness of Tenant Leaguers is 
     
     past, I earnestly recommend that a petition to 
     
     His Excellency the Lieut. Governor be drawn 
     
     up, praying him to pardon the unfortunate men 
     
     who have been recently sentenced to fine and 
     
     imprisonment, and that copies of the petition 
     
     be sent to different parts of the country for 
     
     signature. JT am very sure that such petition 
     
     will be cheerfully signed by men of all creeds 
     
     and all parties. There is no doubt if these 
     
     men were set at liberty to-morrow that they 
     
     would gratefully return to their usual avoca. 
     
     tions, and prove peaceable and orderly citizens. 
     
     Now, that the law has been vindicated by their 
     
     conviction and condemnation, I can see no 
     
     good purpose that their further punishment 
     
     would serve, while I am convinced that an act 
     
     of mercy freely and gratefully performed woald 
     
     go further towards allaying the pernicious agi- 
     
     tation with which the country has lately been 
     
     eursed than the conviction of a thousand such 
     
     offenders. 
     
    

    
     Besides, it appears to me hard that Dickie- 
     
     son, Doucette and Gallant should suffer severe 
     
     punishment, while Adams, Stewart, Ross, and 
     
     many more, who, while they have gonded 
     
     others on to violence, have been cunning 
     
     enongh themselves to commit no “overt act,” 
     
     are allowed to go “unwhipped of justice.” 
     
     These latter men are, in my opinion, a thou- 
     
     sand times more culpable than any of their 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     exget aayyp of his political character, and wili 
     
    
   
   
    
     unfortunate dupes. 
     
     ANTI-LEAGUER. 
     
    
   
   
    
           
     
    
   
   
    
        
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     UNITED STATES, __ 
     
     THE FENIAN CONGRESS. 
     
    
   
   
    
     The following suggestive passages are from 
     
     O'’Mahoney’s address to the Congress: — 
     
    
   
   
    
     “After some days, by the aid ef Mr. Doran 
     
     Kilhan, I initiated the negociations with Washing- 
     
     ton, which eventuated in the release of Jobn Mit- 
     
     chell, who has since gone to Paria aa the Finan- 
     
     cial and Diplomatic Agent of the Fenian Brother- 
     
     hood. By agreement with me, Mr. Killian went 
     
     te Washington, and had made arrangements for 
     
     Mr. Mitebell's release. * * * There was 
     
     ove, and only one, good result from the Congress 
     
     of Philadelphia—the liberation of John Mitchell 
     
     at the request of the Fenian Brotherhoud, by 
     
     President Johnson, through the instrumentality 
     
     of our present able and gifted Seeretary of the 
     
     Treasury.” 
     
    

    
     It is rather langhable, after thie, te read the 
     
     follow ing sublimely idiotic passage of O' Mahoney's 
     
     address. Ove of these magnificent disposers of 
     
     Empires is fleeing from the peliee, and the other 
     
     only recently emerged from a Innatiec asylum -~ 
     
    
   
   
    
     * Listen to what James Stephens says of Cana. 
     
     da im a letter to me of a recent date: * Banish the 
     
     thought of Canada from your mind, if such a 
     
     thougbt has ever been entertained by you. Dow't 
     
     fancy it would cause a diversion in our favour 
     
     here. * * * Let Canada alone untibwe aze 
     
     free. Then we will be able te conquer Canada 
     
     aud I am decidedly in favor of awnexing Canada 
     
     to the United States; and not only Cauada, am 
     
     for crushing eut every foreign power on the 
     
     Americas continent, and making all one 
     
     confederation. Bat net cne ?rishman 
     
    

    
     raise his hand for this glorious work wotilhis own 
     
     sacred isle is free.’ For my own part J ag; hee 
     
     annexing Canada also, but not wotil we hare ful. 
     
     filled the prommse made to the L. R. at 
     
    

    
     phia, a8 well as at our Fenian Congress hitherto 
     
     held. Our honour was there pledged to eva 
     
     with the requiremen’s of the L. R., a8 conveyed fo 
     
     us by James Stephens. Get ready the amount of 
     
     movey, officers and arma, it is mabotenn, required 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     for Ireland by him, and we shail be able to 
     
    

    
     two hundred thousand ha:dy Yenians for Canads. 
     
     But you must not forget prior engagements with 
     
     your brothers in Ireland for any country under 
     
     the sun. Ireland first; Canada after, if the 
     
     Canadians wish it.” 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     FURTHER FROM TIiE FENIANS—THEY¥ 
     
     THREATEN INVASION OF THE PRO- 
     
     VINCES. 
     
    

    
     Special Telegram to the Morning Telegraph. 
     
     Boston, Friday. 
     
     The following appears im an editorial in the 
     
     Boston Journal of this morning :-— 
     
    
   
   
    
     “ PeniAN Desten.—It would appear from the 
     
     public speeches of the leaders of the Seceding er 
     
     Roberts Branch of the Fenian Brotherhood, that, 
     
     inferentially at last, they have some design on 
     
     Canada. 
     
    

    
     “According to a report of a meeting at 
     
     Newark, N. J., on Tuesday evening, this is made 
     
     apparent. The account says: * General Sweeney 
     
     spoke first. ina brief and pithy speech, which ie 
     
     said to have sounded like the ring of a rifle shot, 
     
     sharp and decisive; the veteran Soldier outlined the 
     
     policy of his movement, and said. that, as the Ca- 
     
     vadian invasion had been so much taken to task. 
     
     by certain men, it might turn ost that they would 
     
     be the most enthusiastic cheerers, in case the 
     
     inilitary Fenians should sound the toesiu and cap- 
     
     ture a few hostages for the gallant men. that are 
     
     now in bondage. 
     
    

    
     “*When the General binted that it would not 
     
     be a bad thing te give Her Majesty's Governor 
     
     General and Mr. D'Arcy MeGee a taste of the 
     
     trestment meted to Clarke, Luby and O' Donovary 
     
     Rossa, the whole audience rose te their feet and. 
     
     cheered again and again for the euecess of the 
     
     movement, and in appreciation of the stern deter- 
     
     mination of the veteran hero, Sweeney and his 
     
     armlesa sleeve. 
     
    

    
     “*President Roberts said that, under Sweeney, 
     
     Fenianiem was certain to mark its name in bis- 
     
     tery and aveid being jotted down as a vapid and 
     
     finally evaporated institution. It would not do te 
     
     let the great strength, now available, fritter away 
     
     useleasly, or ina quixotic manner. Ret the Bro- 
     
     (herhood now sustain the soldier, give him the 
     
     muskets, and in ninety (90) days he will give then» 
     
     hostages for their helpless brotbers new in Dart- 
     
     more Hulks.’”’ 
     
    

    
     A LETTER FROM MRS. JEF®¥ DAVIS. 
     
    

    
     Our readers have already heard of the Tuadies” 
     
     Southern Aid Association, whose objpct is to ae 
     
     sist pecuniarily Mrs. Jeffersen Davis and her 
     
    

    
     amily. It appears that the secretary and agent 
     
     of the Society recently wrote to Mrs. Davis to 
     
     inquire to whom contributions might be enclosed, 
     
     Mer reply is published. It is as follows :— 
     
    

    
     Mitt View, Ga., Dee. 4, 1865. 
     
    

    
     My Dear Sir:—I1 am in reevipt of your very 
     
     kind letter in the vame of the Ladies’ Southern 
     
     Aid Association, having “ for ite object the pur- 
     
     pose of placing” me “and family in cireumstau- 
     
     ers somewhat commensurate with their estimate 
     
     of” me and mine, and begging that 1 will, at my 
     
     vartiest convenience, designate a place to whieh 
     
     the means so collected may be conveyed, so that 
     
     they may “sately and satistactorily reach ae.” 
     
    

    
     Frem our desolated and impoverished triends I 
     
     scasecly expected such an expression of material 
     
     sympathy, though my powers of gratitude have 
     
     been alinost daily tazed te thank those who hase, 
     
     with so mueh beart eloguence, pleaded with tae 
     
     Presidedt for bmw whe, though unsuccessful, has 
     
     giveu you all he evuld—his best energies—and 
     
     whose only bope of future happiness lies in the 
     
     sweet trust, often expressed, that be has not lost 
     
     your confidence and love. Ignorant of all which 
     
     bis own people have done for him in bie painful 
     
     captivity, his devotion is nnabated. “ The unfor- 
     
     tunate have always been deserted and betrayed, 
     
     but did ever man have less te eomplan of whee 
     
     he lost the power tu serve?) Fhe multitude are 
     
     silent. Why should they speak, save to him whe 
     
     hears best the words most silently uttered? My 
     
     own heart tells me that the sympathy existe—thet 
     
     the prayers of the family hearth are pot hurled, 
     
     Beloving and coutiding stril te those from who F 
     
     have received wuch more than | deserve—far 
     
     more official bonors than Lever desired. ‘Phese 
     
     tor whose cause I suffer are not worthy of the de 
     
     votion of ali which I had to give.” 
     
    

    
     This is the message of Jove which is seat 
     
     through prison gates to our own people, 1 say 
     
     our veople, because both of us have been brought 
     
     up with you; one of us was born in Mississippi, 
     
     the other came to ber in jufancy. These are my 
     
     own people, and it is a privilege of which se 
     
     change of circumstances can deprise me. ‘To the 
     
     accepted prayers of our widows aud orphans, our 
     
     suffering but hervic wouwen, our brave and true 
     
     meu, our innecent little children, I look for the 
     
     restoration to my little children of their agonized 
     
     but Christian father. If a merciful Providence 
     
     so ordain it, we hupe to live and die awong you, 
     
     suntually consoling and bearing each other's bur- 
     
     dens. I pray God we may be restored to the 
     
     home of our childhood, “ for bow can we sing our 
     
     own seng in a strange land?” We would not 
     
     have our dear friends betrayed by their sympathy 
     
     in offering, for our use, too much from their own 
     
     * basket and store.” | and mine have, so tar, been 
     
     miraculously cared for and shielded from want. 
     
     We seem ever environed by the love which is re- 
     
     flected upop us frem that which lighted my bus- 
     
     band in bis dungeon — his prisue walls 
     
     with sunny pictures of loving eyes outst eteb- 
     
     ed arms. 
     
    

    
     Grief and gratitude seem to impose upon me 
     
     silence. I would, but caunet, say wore, ul 
     
     enclose within this note the names and diredti 
     
    

    
     to whom the contributions to which you speak 
     
     may be enclosed. And, instead of the eloquent 
     
     voice which sv often poured fort his love to his 
     
     dear people, now mute, I offer a wite’s and mo 
     
     ther’s and @ countrywomau’s gratitude tw you 
     
     and those you represent. 
     
    

    
     - 1 have the honor to be, very gratefully and sit 
     
     cerely yours, 
     
    

    
     Vanina Davis. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     APPALLING TRAGEDY IN DETROIT. 
     
    

    
     A BROTHER BUTCHERS UiS SISTER WITH AN 
     
     AXE—THE MONSTER ARRESTED. 
     
    

    
     A most horrid, evld-bleoded and diaboli¢al 
     
     murder was committed on the 5th instant, neat 
     
     Connor's Creek, in the township of Grosse Pointe. 
     
     The details are almost too horrible to be told; 
     
     words are indeed too tame to describe the deed 
     
     in ite fiendish and barbarous atrocity. A woman 
     
     was murdered by a blow from an axe in the 
     
     hands of her own brother, who afterwards, te 
     
     eatiefy the most terrible and brutal malignity, a¢- 
     
     tually backed the body in pieces with horrible 
     
     kashes, striking repeated blows with a heavy axe 
     
     upon her lifeless body, from which the bot blood 
     
     spurted in streams and jets at every stroke, liter- 
     
     ally drenching the person and clothing of the 
     
     murderer with gore. The mind sickens at the 
     
     thought of one-half the horrors of the tale, but it 
     
     requires 4 stouter heart tu look upon the bloody 
     
     work and not be overcome. 
     
    

    
     The name of the victim is Mrs. William Lyneh, 
     
     who was living with her husband and five ebil- 
     
     dren at Connor's Creek. The murderer, bet 
     
     brother, whe calls himself Jobe Hanly, but whose 
     
     rea! name is Johu Cooper, has lived here at itr 
     
     tervals some twenty years, and has for sme time 
     
     been employed as track repairer on the Micbi- 
     
     gan Central Railroad. He left this eity on Wed- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     uveday, went te the neighbourhood ef bie sister's 
     
     heir, apd stopped at the house of Jubn Corby