. 1- -C. S; I. or at gin gin W; 00 L I'al'oV-' JAV5 l'1l'2N' at '1': age. DOWN THE BACK STRETGII Byron Brown informs us that he had a letter a few days ago from a mutual horseman friend, Fred Pettis, 206 Archimedes St., New Glasgow. N.S. We have not seen Mr. Pettis for many years but re- member his many genial qualities and his great love of harness rac- ing in the long ago. He is now up- wards of 80 years of age and is stone blind. the result of an ac- cident which occurred some twen- ty years ago. we are glad to know that with the excepticn of that misfortune he is good health and spirits. Prank 'ifcAlduff is nicely settled for t.he wlnter at the st. John race track. Coldbrook, N.B. He has Pat D. 2.06 315. Yankee Girl 2.10 1X5. Miss Eloise 2.15 215, Or- phan Annie and Sandy Budlong. Frank writes: "I like Sandy Bud- lnng very much. He is growing nicely and has an easy way of go- ing, has never been hurt. just gave him one race In Maine and he pleased me. I intend to shift Yank- ee Girl to the trot as I have noticed her take to that gait and show a 2.10 shot. I was much interest;-(1 in the horses the boys bought at Har- risburg and I believe Wal Hern:s- scy has a real one in Cheeky Chief 204. I certainly wish him lots of luck. I expect to be turning for the word when the bell rings for Old Home Week next season. My son Randolph is with me and that makes it much nicer. I was talking to Win Ailing-ham on the phone and he says he is going to race sandy D. 2.10 on the ice this winter. He should be able to step that kind of foctinz very fast. There are two more horses winter- ing here, Bud Abner 2.16 by Abner '1'. C1929. and a three-year-old nam- ed Callie G. she is a good trotter and is owned by Lawson Bros. That is about all the news we have here so will end by wishinr! ail horse- men friends a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year." Hcrsemcn frien'ls' that have vis- ited George B. Hmrhes, Bracklev. have been much taken with the vhree-year-old fillv by Calumet Eutllonz. dam. Margaret Aubrav. rnd are unanimous in expressing their opinion that she has the makings of a "real one". Handsome. Rood waited and full of life, she is a ricture and it won't be surnri-mg if she takes a faster record than her full brother and sister: Anh- rev Pudlrng 2.11 TUE. Alma Bud- :02: 2.0831 and May Budlong 2.10 The Christ-'mas number of The J-larness Horse. uubii-axed in Har- risburg, Pa, is one of the finest they have ever Issued. Charle: (1, Mn. rhali. J12. has a most inte-re.-tine story - 15 Full Years Of The Far- rnus Horse Fnan an Eventful Mr-a . . . . . It was inst 15 vearr am that 'The 1-fatness Horse was first pub. lished and since that time it has none cn to record the dninns of the xvreat and not so great frrottcra and racers throughout the standard Prod sport. Marvv star trotters and racers have performed and umnnn were was Greyhound 1.55:: that in 1937 dethroned Peter Manning ” 563: as the w-vr1ri's fastest trottevr M stenning in 1.54 The same vear Dean Hanover. a three-veer-cld ref. n wor"dis record for trotter: of that we. dv-'ven hv 1?-year-old Miss Alma Sheppard at Lexington. 1938 was a fabulous year for rec- crd hreaking - Greyhound set tha- world's trotting record at 1.5614 and Billy Direct the pacing record at 1.65 where they remained aver nlnce. Her Ladyship paced a total of nine 2.00 miles for Sen Palin. setting the mere; mark at 1.56!4'. and a three heat world's record of mm, 1.581;. 1.5954. Rosalind be- came the world's champion trot- ting mare with a mark of 1.56112. Chief Counsel 3. 16796. and Black- stone 2, 2.0341 became the first brother act to dominate the two and three-year-old pacing classes in a single season. Dr. Plflllflll drove flhe pair to ten wins each wim only one loss and their earn- ings totailed 325.000. Chief Coun- sel became the world's champion three-year-old pacer and paced more miles in 2.00 than any pre- vious three-year-old. Mc1..in Han- over, driven by Henry Thomas. won the Hambletonlan and the Ken- tucky Futurity, trotting a dazzling mile in 1.5914 to equal Protectors mark for three-year-old trotters in a. race. Nibble Hanover was the best two-yea:-old trotter for Harry Whitney and the Calumet Chuck colt wound up with miles in 2.03”. and 2.02l5: to win the Junior Ken- tucky Futurity and set a new race mark for two-year-old trotting colts. I In 1939 Peter Astra 2, 2.021.-'.w. 3. 2.028;, made a. clean sweep of the three-year-old classes including the I-lambletonian, for Dr. Parshaiil. The Doctor was also the leading race winn.ing driver of the year with over s&'i.000 won and -he be- came the first driver to put three new 2.00 performers in the list in a single season - Blackstone 3. 2 00. Clever Hanover 1.501,; and single s-tine 2.00. all race marks. (The lat- ter is the dam of Little Brown G. 203 35, owned by Harry Hirsch, Sydney.) Parshall also lowered Spintellls mark to 1.583.; in :1 race. Meanwhile, Billy Direct with Bill Flemming up. became the second 2.00 performer on a half-mile track, taking 2. record of 1.5901 for the small oval. He had earlier defeated Little Pat in 2.0034 to set a pacing race mark on half-mile tracks. Lit- tle Pat was going great guns that season. winning 11 races and pac- ing 21 trips in 2.05 or better over the two-lappars. making his total of these miles 70 and stood credited with nine world's records. A most spectacular feat was the team trot- ting mile record of 158V. bv Grey- hound and Rosalind. Sep Palin driv- ing. . 19-10 was Spencer Scott's three- year-old season and Fred Egan won seven out of eight stake ergage- ments with the black son of soot- land, among them the Hambleton- fan and Kentucky Futurity. but it took four heats in two days racing and :1 World's record for four trips to false the honors in the Lexing- ton classic. Bill Gallon 2. 2.04. was the tcp two-year-old trotter for Lee Smith, the Sandy Flash colt earn- ing the most money among the juv- eniles. Feariess Peter 3. 200 set a new mark for race winnin'!,bv a three-year-old pacer -when Dr. Par- shall won 16 of 133 17 starts. The perennial champion, Little Pat 1.5894 won 13 of-his 1'! races but was forced to meet defeat in the most dramatic two hcrse duel of the year when Dusty Hanover, driven by Vic Flemming, set a world's record for both one and two heats over the Delaware half mile track of 2.0029. 2.0074. 1944 was the year that Titan Hanover sprung up on the trotting world and marked the occasion of the arrival of a 2.00 two-year-old. The King's Goun- sel-Adios battles continued with the former having the edge. Over the half-mile tracks King's Coun- sel defeated Adios by a neck in 2.01 to set a new mark for four-year-old pacers, At Iexington Adios won both heats from King's Counsel by small margins in i.58'i. 15815. re- placing the two heat record set hv Directum I. against William in 1014. Jimmie Creed, 3 two-year-old pacer, won for Homer Walton nt 1'..exingion in 2.0014 and True chief 2. 2.0314. took down the most monev among the juveniles. He was the first baby sidewheeler to win over 825,000. The shape cf the future could be seen by the fact that Roosevelt Raceway was growing by leaps and bounds and yearling prices were rising as victory song and Bombs Away were auctioned off at 337.000 and 326.500. 1945 saw Titan Hanover rise to new heights with his 1.58 and 2.01'.i, world's record over bcth types of track: for c three-year-old. He also won the I-fambleionian and defeated top aged trotfers in 2.03. 2.00 over a ..:--:m----m:- continued on page 7 FORUM EVENTS - are. 18 u 2: FRIDAY-OlIlLDBEN'S SKATING-4 1'0 5:80 HOCKEY-8:”-HALIFAX VI. ISLANDEIS SATURDAY-AITIBNOON SKATING-8 1'0”! . NICE IIAIING-8 I0 10 -I 1 Halifax hockey fans got than their quota of thrilling ac- tion at the Nova Scotia capital on Thursday night when Islanders and Saint Mary's put on a. iiiantic struggle that ended in a 5-5 stale- mate after ten minutes of over- ITI ore ii-me play. It was credited as be- ing the hottest contest that has been witnessed in Maritime Senior Hockey League play this season that produced everything in the book and then some. Of those who were lucky enough to witness or. hear that contest, it is unlikely that any will disagree with that sioievmeni. O 0 it was solid hockey all the way iihrougii, but the third period in particular was the payoff in daz- zling, breathtaking action that kept fans perched on the edges of their seats in wild excitement. It was a pu-iod i-hat saw both teams and coaches draw on their last re- sources of power and strategy to bring it to its dr.am.aiic climax. 0 But, it was the islanders that proved again 10 be the Cinderella team of the Big Four in both the coaching and playing departments. They came up with a demonstra- tion of ability and guile that might well be unequalled in past. hoc- key records. Holding a one goal advantage at the end of the first period, Islanders were forced into a 2-2 deadlock at the end of the middle session by a hard driving Saiaitamarian aggregation, who by the 1131 mark of the final canta. held a 4-2 margin over the Island pucksters. From there on the La.mou.reux - coached hockeylsis came up with a feat of strategy. ability and deierminationdhat will be the talk of hockey circles for many months to come. 0 0 C Speeding in off left wing Johnny Hcvreck drilled one -past goalie D'Aoust on .3 pass from brother Danny to cut the lead to one goal at 15.37, giving coach Lamoureux his first opportunity to inject his master-m.iInd1ng into the fray. Is- landers forced a faceoff in the Halifax defensive zone with two minutes and 45 seconds left in reg- ular play, and La-moureux pulled out goalie Hal Gordon to send out six forwards in an all-out effort for the equalizer; . With so much time left in the game for such action, it was a. des- peraie gamble, but it paid off. After forcing three facco-ifs near the Halifax net without ever los- ing control, team captain Wes "Bucko" Tral-nor sent the Halifax fans into an imvproar 23 seconds later when he backhandcd the disc info the mesh for a 4-4 tie. Walter Pawlyshyn feeding Bucko the pay- off pass. 0 O 0 But unlike all good tales of "Dick Me-rril" fiction. it didn't end there. Halifax returned with the unbelievable at the 18.11 mark to send the score to 5-4. With Gordon back in the game gain. Hughie Camplbell drove back to send in a hard shot from the blueiine that hit the goal-post, the puck coming back in a rebound that Bill Ford rfllvpped into the not. behind Gor- don. It looked like a hopeless cause for the Islanders. but coach Lamoureux and his players stretch- ed their resources to the last, by attempting again the strategy of a minute earlier. I O 0 There was only 49 seconds left in the game when Gordon was called out of his cage again. As before. the Islanders forced three more faceoffs before they got the break they were looking for. Ham- meri.-ng all around a harassed D'Aousi. Walter Puwlyshyn took I pass from Bruno Fiwero that made the red Light glow for the tying fully with 17 seconds of playing time left. The 3011 sent the con- test into 10 minutes of overtime that proved druitleu for both teams to come up with the win- ning marker. They any truth in stronger than fiction. and who would doubt it after an xamplc like that. O C 0 Many -warm in the put have pulled out their goalie: in times of stress but the percentage of times it wodrs is snail compar- ed to the nunber of times it either fails or backfire: with another goal from the opposition. But when it is performed successfully twice in one game. that is something to ialknubonrt. Youhcvctohkeyou: that, and judging from the reac- tion of Halifax fan: on Thursday night, they did exactly that. which in something when it comes from the rival cunp. . Well, the Yuletide Seuon is just around the comet. and with its oaung In would like to take this opportunity of wining you and mm at (In qaorung fraternity, I dun! md hearty VERY MERRY hat otf to I end: and ciublike. RP TO ALL A MPPQY Villemain In PARIS, Dcc. 22-(AP)-Welter weight champion Sugar Ray ROP- inson tonight made it two vic- tories in a row over Robert Ville- main by stopping the rugged French middleweight in the ninth round of n non-title 10-rounder at Palace de Sport. It was the fourth victory Harlem Dandy's in n triumphal tour of Europe. He knocked out France's Jean Stock in Paris, halted Holland's Luc Van Dam in Brussels and outpointed Jenn Walzack of France in Geneva. He winds up a six-week business- pleasure trip in Frankfurt. Ger- many, Christmas Day when he meets Germany's liuns Siretz. Robinson weighed 155 1-2 to V1llemain's 164. While an overflow crowd of 29,000 roared. referee Robert Ves- berg stopped the furious fight after 2:48 of the ninth. Robinson had clubbed the stubby French- man to the floor with a barrage of rights and lofts. Villemain staggered to his feet but ihe rc- feree waved him to his corner. Jockey Culmone Boois Home 37151 Winner MIAMI. Fla. Dec. 22 - (AP) - Joe Culmone, the leading jockey in the United States, celebrated his retum to the saddle at Tropical Park today by booting home his 371st winner this year. The crowd cheered as the plucky glittle Sicilian crossed the marker on Brookmeade stables's Blue Helme in the fifth race. He finished third on Brookmcadr.-'s Ouija in the seventh and out of the money in the third and ninth. It was Culmone's first appearance cn the track since heiwas injured in a spill last Saturday. The JDCRCY has given up all hope of matching the all-time riding rec- ord of 388 winners set by Walter Miller in 1906. but he is determined to hold his lead for the 1950 U,s, riding honors. NEW YORK, Dec. 22 - (AP) - Jockey Willie shoemaker booted home fcur winners at the New or- leans Fair Grounds today to climb Within five of Joe Cu'mcne. the leading rider in the United States. MEMPHIS, Tenn., Dec. 22-(AP) - Jack lfearns, manager of Joey Maxim. lxehtgheavyweigm boxing 1it-lehoider. said today that Maxim will fight either Ezzard Charles or Lee Savold early next year at Las Vegas. Nev. V1 y f'- : 17- r f-A ' l5 9 PODT9 it i r-ANe cuoie-rmae AND A eucceeer-ui. NPW wag iN eveev cine Vvou PLAY PAGE SIX THE GUARDIAN, Sugar Ray Wins From- 9th Round Miners Defeat Millionaires 3-2 0 SYDNIEY. N.S.. Dec. 22 -- (GP)- Giace Bay Miners defeated Sydney Millionaires 3-2 tonight for their seventh victcry in eight games with the leaders of the Cape Breton Senior Hockey League. Miners Stan Robertson was the star of the game, as he collected two unassisted goals and one as- sist. First Period 1-Glace Bay, Robertsc (Gray) . . 2-Glace Bay. Bonhomme (Robertson. Mccabe) Penalties - None. 14.51 .. 19.28 Second Period 8-Glace Bay, Robertson ..... .. 6.28 4-Sydney, Cupolo (Mcfntyre) . . .. . 14.27 Penalties - Dalsleish, Gray. Third Period 15.06 5-Sydney, Matthews Penalties-None. Gavihiilllnf Split Decision NEW YORK. Dec. 22 - (CP) - Cuban Kid Gavilan, top-ranking welterweight contender, whipped young Joe Miceli of New York's east side in a split lo-round de- cision tonight after a fierce toe- tc-toe battle at Madison square Garden. Gavilan weighed 146122, Miceli 146. Only a small crowd of 4,476 laid 312,714 to see the battle. There were no knockdowns although Gav- ilan shook up Miceli in the sixth and staggered him in the ninth. Miceli bled from cuts around the left eye and a slight gash near the right in the late rounds. Marcel Brlsebois, Montreal welt- emvelght. outpointed Johnny (Red) Defazic, Bayonne, N.J.. veteran, in a gruelling six-round semi-final. Brisebois scaled 145V.-, Defazio 147. WICHXTA, Kas., Dec. 22 - (AP) -- Semi-pro player contracts will be tig-hter next year to prevent raids -by pro clubs. says Ray Du- mont. president of the National Baseball Congress. Present con- tract provisions, in effect for 10 years, have prevented pirating -A only among non-pro ciuibs.. E! n... .. uaunt-1...... lit; and May 1951 bring you a generous share of Happiness and Prosperity. HARRY A. MacnilUGALL '-omen usumul" DECEMBER 23. 1950 countryside A snow blanketed gives assurance of a "White Xmas." unless the weather moderates great- ly in the next few days, and the wish on everyone's lips will have become a reality. It takes smoke rising from chimneys atop snow- eovered roofs; rustic rail fences softened under win-ter's touch; Blist- ening white fields against a back- ground of dark green fir and spruce and the jingle of sleigh bells to bring out the real spirit of Xmas. Many creatures of the wild also welcome a "White Xmas" but not for the same reasons that we hu- mans do. Rabbits in their white winter coats stick out like sore thumbs against a background of dark aldsis swale. The bunnies were well aware of this. They knew that even on the darkest night they gleam like beacon lights but they have to stir out to quiet the pangs of hunger despite the ever present menace of the great horned owl that floats on silent wings through the dark aisles of the woods and over the swampytsvvales. . Rabbits welcome a deep snow fall for yet another reason, Equip- ped as they are with natural snow- shoes it doesn't matter whether the snow is one foot or ten feet in depth. As the winter progresses they prefer the deep snow. It puts tender buds and juicy twigs that grow on second growth saplings within reach of their sharp teeth and when hunted too heavily by Brer Fox they take shelter in a maze of tunnels that lie deep be- nea-ih the snow in matted spruce nickets. They can subsist for long periods on spruce bark and needles. They also relish juniper buds and twigs but prefer the tender buds of white birch and maple. '. I O 0 Field mice also are creatures of the wild that feel safer under deep crusted snow, at least if they dont they should. when the ground bare they make easy pickings for foxes as they iravel along their tiny runways imder the matted grass for a quick pounce and it's curtains for the luckless mouse. The fox is possessed with a delic- ate hearing apparatus and his sense of smell is equally acute. Mice families, snug in their round grass nests beneath the snow. cease their family biokcrings - to my mind they're among the world's greatest 'yap ariists' and hunting foxes take full auvantage of this failing. Many times I have observed where a fox, travelling across a winter uncut hsyfleld or swale, had suddentv stopped, turned sharply off to one side and then dug out a nest of mice under two feet of snow. Sometimes he'd travel a good thirty feet from the point where had picked up the tell-talc sign 0 O 0 One thing is certain the Hung- arian partridge covey's will not welcome the recent heavy snow storm. Conditions are bad at pres- ent. The ground is heavily coated with a. soft slushy snow and if sev- ere frosts net in the bulk of the bird's food will be encased in a coating of ice and this will also apply to grit which is necessary for the covey's survival. ! Pheasants are not so adversely effected by deep snow as the nuns as they take to the izrecs and bud when the going gets tough. Hun: are strictly ground feeders. There is I good reason for this. They have no hind toe and are thus unable to goost in trees. A: the old.ye.nr .dra'ws to a clone Continued on page 1 Treasure Island - Now In Gaelic HALIFAX. Doc. 22 - luv. D. M. Sinclair has translated Robert Louis Stevenson's "rrouuro 15- land” into the Gaelic language. He told the Non aootia centre of the Poetry Society that the translation will be published in Scotland. (Mr. Sinclair was formerly min- ister of the United dlurch at Val. ioyflold. P. 11.1.) NEW YORK. Dec. 22 - (AP) - Tho diskict attorney's office to- day launched on invutlution hio the tunic ring death of Al (sonny Boy) Welt. 21-your-old Wailing- fur. 13.0.. boxer following 1 Wed- mnhx. night. knockout. OARDIIT. Wales, Dec. 21 - (Rcutm)-Thc first cargo of United States cool to help relieve Britain's fuel crisis-4.51!) tons for Inc of locomotives-wu unloaded today from the Norwegian ammu- ,Bclbetty. SIIP Sllll-FIIISIIII - would be reasonably safe if they'd- Local Squad. Shorthanded Outplays 0 . Visitors In Fast, Clean Encounter 'flhc Charlottetown Islanders Ihalnmered out a convvincing 5-1 Victory over an understrength 551113! Saint Mary's aggregation here last night when -they virtual. 1y skated them into the ice and outshone their opponents in every phase of the game. 'Ilhe victory gives the Isluiderc a 13-point stranglehold on the loa- gue leadership over their defeated second-place rivals. Saint John Beavers trail in third place eight points under Halifax while Mone- ton remain in the cellar 13 points down on Saint John. Halifax played without the ser- vices of top scorer Bill Watson. out with an injured wrist, Tom Black with a torn ligament in his chest. Eddie Brown. a knee injury. and Bill Ford, who was unable to come to this city because his fath- er-in-lanw is very ill. Young Orin Carver, a Charlottetown boy who played juvenile hockey here last season with Abbies, but is now 8 member of Saint Mary's junior squad. performed with the Halifax club last night. it was a fast, wide-open contest that produced plenty of good. hard-checking hockey. but the Saintsmarians were unable to cope with the firey play of the Is- lenders. Jumping into the fray from the opening whisiic, Islanders outscor- ed Halifax 2-0 in the first period. 3-1 in the second and battled to a scoreless closing session. Saint Mary's only goal was scored by I-lugihie Camp-bell while the locals were playing a man shy, Clements off for Lhooking. Outstanding goaltending by Ed- die D'Aoust was the one big fac- tor that saved the Saintamarians from a severe druibbing, when he kicked aside 17 shots in the open- ing name, 11 in the second and the same number again in the third for the large total of 39 stops in the night's play. Hal Gordon in the Islanders cage wan called upon ' to make a few close saves, but only had -to handle 10 in all. Walter Pawiyshyn lead the near- ing efforts for Islanders with I brace of goals and an assist. while Joihnny Duchak, Jack Morrow and Frank Baiihgate got one each for the other three markers. Bruno Favero, Pthil Vitale and Marcel Clements picked up two assists each, while Trainer and Be dry also garnered assists. George Mc- Gregor assisted on I-la.l.ifax's lone tally. Walter Pavwlyshyn was the win- 2122' of the Henderson and Cud- more hag donated for the outstand- ing player of the night. Pawly- sihynh penformonce. like the rest of his teammates last night, was aggressive and effective from the opening whistle to the closing one. Lineups: Halifax - Goal, D'Aoust: defence, McLaughlin, Cam-pbeli: centre. Mc- Gregor; wings. Anderson, Thomas. subs, Powers, Grabowski, Diguer, Wilkes, Hollebt. Cu-var. Charlottetown -- goal, Gorgon: defence. Travis. Vitale; centre. Trainer: wings. Favevro, Pavwlyshyn. Subs. McLagan. Duchak. Bathgate, D. Horeck, J. Hm-eck. Beaudry, To Recommend Head Harness In Pro Bcuing WASHINGTON. Dec. 22 -. (AP) -- The National Boxing Associguon of the United States today called 5 special meeting to recommend the use of a head harness in profeg. sional boxing. President Archie 1". Hlndman 0: Hiieerstown. Ind.. said in a. state- ment issued here that the boxing group's xecutivc committee win meet shortly after the Cllrlstmgs holidays. The N. B. A. action was a direct, result of the death of lightweight boxer Al (Sonny Boy) west in New York Thursday. It was the third W18 fatality this year in the Un- ited States. . The promising Washington fight- cr died 22 hours after he had been knocked out by Percy Busen of Philadelphia. I-Iindman said, "I am going to recommend to the committee that it not to employ the lightweight col- legiate head harness now used in ,, collese boxing." it 001- Harvey L. Miller. N.B.A. executive secretary, endorsed l-11nd- ' men's plea. i "If the harness is adopted," he, said. "boxing injuries and casualties lczmelld D0 Efeatly reduced at the pro v . "Ilhe rubber pad on the back of the head would cushion contact W1?-lb the floor on knockdowns it would prevent scrambled ears. out , eyes and may eliminate technical .. knockouts due to cut eyes." - A-P-C league -2:. ANTIGONISH, N. 5.. Dec. n- (CP)-High-scoring featured to. nlzhfs Antigonish-Pictou-Colchep ter Senior "B" Hockey League KBITIES. Antigoniah Bulldog; downed Plctou 14-2 while, at istellarton, St. Francis Xavier Univeratiy oust- iid New Glasgow 9-1. Morrow. Clements. , Of-fldnlsaiwain. Bradshaw, Kane SUMMARY 'c Fl:-It Period 1 -Charlottetown, Pawlyshyn (Vitalie, Trainer) .57 2-Charlottetown. Duchak (Clements) 10.08 Penalties -- Anderson. Morrow, Thomas. Second Period 3-Halifax. Campbell (McGv1-egor) 6.27 4.-Charlottetown. Pawlyshyu (Favcro, Viiale) 13.34 ii-Charlottetown, Morrow (Cleime-nts, Beaudry) 15.32 6-Chuloiteiown. Bathgnfc (Favaro, Pawlyshyn) 17.50 Penalties-Clements. Third Period Scoring-None. Penalty-Vitale. A. M an an---.ia. "-0 e-In New Your. In uppmu TOM DAVIES llo00LL-FBONTENAO svxou STATION siuume cnmsuus nu ma sessions.- AFTERNOON-3. G-8 EVENIN 101 N0 . SKATING .5. 0