position giving the body a lighter, erect carriage; also, the head and neck are well up. Garfield’s rex is so accurate it is possible to identify which specimen it is based on. It should have been his rex terrorizing Jurassic Park.

Also, large flesh-eaters like T. rex would have been relatively quiet while hunting their prey. The Jurassic Park version did a lot of roaring. Imagine tyrannosaurs bellowing during the mating season and growling amongst them- selves-perhaps over a kill- as crocodiles and komodo dragons do today.

As with rex, the tails of the velociraptors were too flexible. Velociraptor and kin had tails reinforced by long thin bundles of bone, exten- sions of zygapophyses (the vertebral processes mentioned above). Unlike the rex, the proc- esses spanned the entire Velociraptor’s tail, making it stiffer than a braided whip. The bun- dled tails improved the animal’s mobility while leaping at and attacking prey. The tails should have been more slender, with a more uniform width throughout. Also, the tails wouldn’t have drooped as they did in the movie.

As well, Velociraptor is a misnomer. The animal depicted in the movie was Deinonychus antirrhopus, the “terrible claw”. Deinonychus lived 90 million years ago in Montana. Adults grew up to 9 feet; large ones as much as ||. Velociraptor was related to and greatly resem- bled Deinonychus. However, it inhabited Mon- golia and lived several million years later. In addition, the real Velociraptor was very small- about the size ofa turkey. The twoanimals were made synonymous in a popular book about predatory dinosaurs; novelist Michael Crichton followed this.

Dilophosaurus, the crested flesh-eater, did not have an erectile frill around its neck-this fiction is based on an Australian frilled lizard. The Dilophosaurus’ spitting abilities were also fictional. If this flesh-eater did spit, it would have had hollow fangs, like a black-necked cobra, to eject venom. All dinosaurs had solid teeth which they lostand replaced throughout their lifetime. Dilophosaurus’ head was, in reality, slightly more elongated and the muzzle more tapered toward the end than the movie version. This dinosaur was “hare-lipped”, with a distinct kink in its snout underneath the nostril. This may have helpedit grab small prey, tossing them with a jerk of its head to the longer rear teeth for slicing.

It is doubtful that Dilophosaurus would go after prey they could not catch in one strike and swallow more or less whole. Although an adult Dilophosaurus could reach up to 20 feet, they were too lightly built to risk large prey.

Gallimimus, the ostrich dinosaurs, also had tails that were too flexible (see above explana- tion).

Finally, it is impossible for a seismic survey to show a photographic image of bones in the ground. Seismic technology is not as refined as itis shown to bein the movie, and has only been used experimentally at one dinosaur sitein New Mexico.

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