THE GUARDIAN

Published every woek-day moruuu at in Prince Slreel. Una: Intlotnvm. P E. l.. by The Thomson Company Limited. 'l:onn Prince Iidwirl Inland Like In Our" Editor Inn Manager. in A Burnout.

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Ottawa.

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where In P. E. I 99.00. Other Province: and U. 5 A IIZIM PC! IHKIHIII.

"Tho utrongegit memory is weaker than the weakest. ink."

THURSDAY, OCT. 21, 1954

Well Merlted Honor

Knighthood, even in the famed Order of the Garter, has seldom been bestowed nore appropriately than it was by Her Majesty yesterday upon Rt. Hon. Anthem Eden, the British Foreign Secretary whc is by long odds the most likely ultimate successor to Sir Winston Churchill as gov- ernment leader. The honour is regarded as a signal sign of the Sovereigns persona! approval, and is the highest which the Foreign Secretary can accept and still re- main in the House of Commons. It comes at a time when his prestige stands at its peak as a result of his successful diplomat) in the recent Nine Power Conference at London. But ever since he assumed control of the Foreign Office in 1951, 0 Anthony has played a leading role in international affairs and his whole career has been an example of dedicated public service.

It is significant that both Labor and Conservative members cheered when news of the knighthood reached the Houses of Parliament yesterday. It recalled the oc- casion on April 24, 1953, when Churchill himself received. knighthood in the same order. It may be said that in both cases the achievements of the recipients in the cause of world peace, of freedom and de- mocracy far outweigh any honours of this kind that can he conferred upon them. Nevertheless, the recognition follows a long and illustrious tradition and there are few outside the Iron Curtain who will cavil at it as being either meaningless or undeserv- ed.

The Jury System

In answer to the Supreme Court Jus- tice in another Province who was quoted as saying that in his opinion ”the time has come when a judge can do a better job than a jury”, Mr. Garson, the Minister of Justice, says that no consideration is being given by his department to the abolition of the jury system. It can be taken for grant- ed that most Canadians will thank Mr. Garson for his reassuring words. Doubt- less, juries sometimes make mistakes; it may even be true, as one of Shakespeare's characters was made to say. that "tin. jury may in the sworn twelve have a thief or two guiltier than him they try.” But, by and large, members of juries take their duties seriously and perform them well. What they lack in knowledge of legal nice- ties they usually make up in the ability to recognize simple facts when they see them.

In any case. juries are not meant to be interpreters of the law. That is the func- tion of the judges; and when juries are well instructed and the evidence is pre- sented to them clearly. with no ambiguous strings attached, more often than not they can be counted on to render an un- biased and reasonable verdict. There is, of course, the matter of human error to be considered; but judges, too, have been known to be fallible in judgment. And no wonder. Not even Solomon in all his glory and in all his wisdom could be expected to render perfect justice in all the intricate issues that come before the Courts for settlement.

Even if it be granted that A judge "can do 8. better job than a jury" from the viewpoint of cold, abstract law, the right of a man to be judged by his peers is too deeply imbedded in our civilization and was won at too great a cost by our forbears tr. be thrown into the discard now. It is basic to our concept of justice and nothing is more representative of a free and respon- sible socicty. No doubt there is room for improvement in the jury system-and in- deed in the entire judicial system--but one does not throw away priceless possessions because they happen to show slight flaws over a. long period of time. -

Waterfowl Flyways

Four broad aerial rivers channel a ma- jority of all migrating water birds down across the continent. They are the Atlan- tic Flyway, the Mississippi, the Central, and the Pacific. Since the earliest settlers watched huge flocks honk by in "V" for- mation, such birds have followed the same natural shorelines and river systems north and south with the seasons. But men still do not know exactly what impulses set birds to flying. and what instincts guide them to the same nesting and wintering grounds year after year.

Dr. Arthur A. Allen, Cornell University ornithoiogist, writes both of inner physio- logical controls and intricate "releaaers" from the outside environment, telling birds when it in time to migrate, to stop mi-

. J-Minn Igfifll, Atgjiglit, to mate. He sum- i it i"

marizes man's findings in his recent book, "Stalking Birds with Color Camera," pub-, lished by the National Geographic Society.l

Different species of birds start their an- imal journey at different times. Robins,l

T the early birds of spring, stay north rela-

tively late. Egrets'and eagles, like wrong- way Corrigans, often fly north instead of; south in early autumn until winter turns them back. i

For many kinds of birds, amateur watch- lers scan the night skies to see them pass. Often only the rustle of thousands of, wings, or shadows crossing the face of the harvest moon, reveal the flight of the warblers and vireos, the thrushes andl tanagers, and "the other land birds that travel by night and feed by day.

How do they find their way? It- may be. by the sun, or by some little-understoodi rotational force from the spinning earth;1 by polarized light, or magnetic influences. No one really knows. ,

But fly they do, sometimes tremendous distances non-stop over open ocean, then return in the spring to the same spots but by different routes. The Pacific golden plovcr travels 2,400 miles each fall from Alaska to Hawaii. without one speck of land between the two. .

The Arctic tern, long-distance champion, surpasses this trip by far. From as fa- north as there is land, on islands runningi the Arctic Sea. tliese birds sometimes cross the Atlantic to Europe, wing south over all of Africa, recross the ocean by way of Antarctic islands, and returmin the spring via South America and the Carib-; bean-a matter of some 22,000 miles in a. year's travel.

EDITORIAL NOTES Trafalgar Day. 1805.

0

Our citizens generally will extend a cor- dial welcome to the visiting members of' the Atlantic Institutes of Chartered Ac- countants who are opening their regional conference here this evening.

0 O 0

London ”bobbies" are the world's best. but their faces must have been red when the janitor of the Bow Street police station reported this week the theft of a Union Jack from the station's flagpole.

O O O

The extent of the Toronto area flood disaster well warrants Prime Minister St. Laurent's statement that a royal commis- sion will likely be set up as a preliminary to federal rehabilitation aid. In the meat.- time relief contributions from across Can- ada are reported to be mounting steadily.

Canada will sell more wheat to Britain in the coming year, financial experts prc-. dict. British purchases last year were thci lowest since 1938, yet more than 63 per cent of British wheat imports were from Canada. Although there was an open mar-l ket. and a world glut of wheat, British im- . porters chose the more expensive Canadian l product because of its high quality.

0 O O

The first incandescent lamp was tested 75 years ago today. Carbon arcs had long been used to produce light but had serious disadvantages. The modern electric lamp was developed by Edison. The carbon fila- ment in a vacuum has been replaced in recent times by a tungsten filament sur- rounded by inert gases but the principle is the same. Most lamps are now frosted to reduce glare, i. e. the interior glass sur- face is roughened.

O I U

The signing of the treaty ending Brit- ish occupation of the Suez Canal zone tool: place yesterday, but it is reported that de- spite the military government's proclam- ation of a national holiday there was a- curious lack of spontaneous jubilation in the first hours of the celebration. Under the treaty. the 83,000 British troops now in the zone will be evacuated within twenty months, but British civilian technicians will maintain a few selected installations for seven years. Britain has the right to return to the bases within that period if an out- side power attacks Turkcy or an Arab state.

0 O I

North Korean Communists are report- ed to be shipping large quantities of opium and morphine into South Korea with es- pionage agents. The Reds have two pur- poses-providing operational funds for'Red spies through sales of the drug, and de- teriorating the health and morale of the South Korean populace as well as United Nations troops. Large amounts of narcotics have been found on Communist spies cap- tured recently. The captured spies are said to have told of a narcotics factory being operated in North Korea, with more than 70 special technicians and materials sup-' plied by Red China. The narcotics racket in the Far East, however, hasn't been con- fined to Communists only. It long has been a source of wealth to unscrupulous men of many countries who have sought wealth for themselves by preying upon the pitiful-

wgakngps at their fellow man; E .g

' l”3..'”e32f?"'" new R.CM.P. I BARRACKS s; coumc:

-H-I-Andli's

PLm5MADE.I usu.eo-can ' wwoismw

..i-'

Still Two Months 'Till Christmas!

PUBLIC FORUM

l'lilI colnn-in ll opt: to tho linux- olon by wrrupundcnu oi uululum of Inlernt. Tho Gnu-din: don nut nocuurlly endoru the opinion of corrospondznln.

POTATO BOARD STATEMENT

Sir,-You published a letter on Sept. 29, signed by Mr. A. A. Scales of Freetown, in which he accused the P. E. I. Potato Marker.- ing Board with issuing annual statements" incomplete, obscure, and at variance with statements made on the Floor of the House.

Without referring to more re- cr-nt lcttcrs published by Mr. scars or Mr. Donald A. McDonald, on behalf of the P. E. I. Potato Marketing Board. I wish to call to the attention of anyone interested the financial statement of the P. E. I. Potato Marketing Board. as published for the year tnding May 31. 1954.

This statenient shows merit to the Potato Committee of 310.000.

As a meinbcr of the Potato In- dustry Promction Fund B0ilFd,3IIL1 as a contributor to the funds of the Potato Marketing Board. I am interested in finding any published statement covering receipt of this. and of the details of how this 51'),- 000 was dispersed and to whom.

will the manager of the P E. I.

a re-paju Promotion

Potato Markcilng Board. who must .ul

liare this information, or Ml Scales. who may also have the in- rormatlon. pass it on to the public and myself through the columns of your paper, and cblige..

1 nm. Sir. ctc..

D. F. MACAULAY

Sourls

Old Charlottetown

um P. :11

A NOVEL SIGHT

"The Schooner belonging to Mr. Horatio Webster. of this town, which go: aground last Fall near the entrance of St Petcrss Harbour, havlnz been mixed by means of screws and lexcrs, and placcd upon A slclgh. sixty-two fact. in length. was. on Thursday inst. hauled out. to sea. near half A mile. with her niasts and rigging standing. by the united strcngtl. of ciglity-two horses. a sufficient distance to be out of danger of grounding when the ice broke LD. Upward: of 200 persons assembled to witness this novel scene.

-Royal Gazette, April 6, 1841.

VA; 72e&' W1

FIIOIVII "SUSSEX"

I never get between the pines But. I smell the Sussex air;

Nor I never come on a belt of sand But my home is there.

And along the sky the line of the

Dawns, So noble and so bare.

A lost. thing I could never find, Nor a broken thing mend;

And I fear 1 shall be all alone when I get towards the end.

Who will there be to comfort. may

or who will be my friend?

I will gather and carefully make my friends

Of the men of the Sussex Weaiti.

They watch the stars from client folds.

They atiffly plough the field.

By them and the God of the South Country

My poor soul shall be healed.

--Hllalra Belloc

Have Your Clothes

DRY CLEAN

PRESS ONLY II

RITI - WAY Dist am

'Amcrican Lass" T

umm i " l

NOTES BY

The '55 models will soon be out. with improvements all over the Job. .cxcept to the "rut." on the steer- liiig-wheel. -Ottawa Citizen.

Natural gas. It says in n headline. proves a strong competitor for the heating dollar. Ah, yes. remember way back when anybody could make a hot buck? -Windsor Star.

Let's keep our emotions balanc- ed in lnteriiatiurial thinking. Senti- mental fondness for the Germans. and 'scntimcnt:il hatred for Russiam. can ciisurc another huge and bitter war within 10 years. Our only safe attitude toward both nations is one of alert and intelli- gent. watchfulncw. sustained by :1 long and detailed memory for

lhistory. -Pet:-rborough Ex- laminar.

When the Lcc-Enflcld army rifle was formally and finally

.abandoned in Britain on Tuesday,

it was appropriate that the cere-5

many of last rites was carried out. even to the slow-march as the .old model weapon was rcinovcd ifrom the parade ground. Nothing tirss of pump and pagcantry could ladequately sum up the, fenlinizs of most. soldiers at the loss of an old friend whiih had outlivcil its use- ncss. -Winnipeg Free Press. l

i The general public is gradually realizing why so many people put. .forth so lnuch effort to avert. a istrikc at the Ford of Canada. As the situation worsens. it becomes lapparcnt. that. this is more than just R strike. It is destined to be a bitter fight with the end nowhere fin sight. Those close to the situa- tion understood that as long as the men were working, there was some hope for n settlenient. But. lance the men were out, that was it. 'The battle was jolncd.. Nstar.

A recent. scientific study has backed up what women have long been saying to the unheeding ears of their husbands-that they ought to eat their salads. Nearly one- third of 600 men in industrial plants whose diet was studied in a' two-ycar survey by a tcum of Rutgers University scientists were low in vit.1mln "C"-which is found

grccn vezctnblcs. About. nnc-fourth of the men were deficient in cal- cium needed for sound bones and teeth and found to a large degree in milk. Even more significant. 44 per cent. of these men were over- weight. -Washington Post.

the.

If there's anything we like it's this "relative prosperity" the eco- nomists are talking about. when relatives are prosperous they don't mind so much if we drop in on them and stay for a weak! - Ottawa Citizen

Some news stories are painfully incomplete. Like the one regarding the London township woman who. seeking her cat. in the barn, struck a match and set. fire to I hate of hay. The story didn't tell the most important thing. what happened to thc mt?-Chatham Daily News.

Anything that will aid in re- ducing the mounting number of motoring fatalities on the high- way of this country Ls 3. develop-

-Wmdmjlu. S. had seen against the horror,

iln citrus fruits. tomatoes "and lcnfyi

ment to be greatly welcomed. So -the advent of the tubcless tires on some of the 1955 models of ,Canadian cars should surely be hailed with satisfaction. The man- ufacturers who have adopted this latest type of tire as standard equipment on their automobiles ,are certainly displaying realism of the need for more siifety devices lln order to lower the accident. toll, and in this they merit commenda- tion. -Moncton Transcript.

Two teen-age girls stood watch at. a newsstand near their school liu Chicago to learn who was buy- ing the "comics" with the lewd and horror covers, Sigrid Arne of the Associated Press writes from Washington. A three-year-old girl toddler! in and bought one of the most. wanton. On its cover a scant- ily-claci woman was pictured in a, suggestive pose. The little girl's. father, ashanicd to buy the m..gaz- lne himself. had sent. her in to get it for him. Spurred by this incident and others like it, Ann Osetek and Afmella. Bujnowskl undertook one o the liveliest campaigns the

crime and sex "comics" being sold to children. most. at 10 cents in copy. The girl: now have 34.000 names on a petition asking Con- grass to ban such books. -Wood- stock Review. i.

The Age Old Story

A: an eagle uirreth up her nestul flutter-cth over her young. spread- eth nbroud her wings. inkclh them.l beoreth them on her wings: an the Lord alone. did lend him, and there was no strange god wit.h' .hlm. '

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Page 4 The Guardian

The Passing Scene 8: Oboe:-vu OCCIDENTAL-ORIENTAL DIFFERENCES

In continuing his thesis Dr. Iyen- aga conside ed the differences be- tween Eu: and West from the standpoint of peace and war. "The West." he wrote, is militant while in East in peaceful. Since the modern barbarians (he meant all the European nations) trampled mighty Rome under foot and laid the foundations of their national- ities their history is almost one uninterrupted record of fighting. War has been their favourite pro- fession and they have carried their art to such perfection that no nation. uncss it adopts their methods and weapons of warfare. call cope successfully with them in the field.

"To the West nothing is more

indicative of the strength and civilization of a nation than its military prestige. The fact that

half a year of war with China and another with Russia made Japan jump from an insignificant. to in great nation is too sad if commen- tary on the militarism of the West. Nor is this the sole commen- tary for in the West religion has consecrated the heroes of war, literature has immortalized them on its pages. art has a mad the forum and the marketplace with their statues, and the people have idolized them in thei rhearts.” . . .

”Such a militant spirit." he went on. ”i: not a part of Asiatic life. He is. as A rule. peaceful. self- sacrificing. restful. True, the Huns under Attilla. the Mongols under Ghengis Khan and Tamcrlanc not, only overran Asia but. made in-j roads to Europe. But these were the Nomadic tribes of Asia and formed only an insignificant por- tion of the Asiatic population; their voice did not exercise any appreciable influence on the gen- cral tone of the Asiatic chorus.

"It. is true that India and China each had many internal wars and revolutions. But they owed their origin mostly to the capricc. cupid- ity and whim of monarchs and ambitious upstarts. That. thc,Chin- cse are at heart a peaceful pen-i

c (this was in 1905, rcmcmberli. that their danger lies in the lack of military spirit. is too well shown by the sad plight they find t.hem- selvcs in today. For 4000 years they have proved their loyalty to the spirit of peace. They have in- vented gunpowder but have used it for firecrackers. It is to the credit of the moderrfers (West- erners) that they have also in- vented gunpowder and used it for killing men instead ofitimc!

”It affords much mirth to the modcrncrs to watch the Chinese still clinging to bows and arrows. - swords and halberds. to the mili- tary tactics and strategy formu- lated 3000 years ago. If necessity is the mother of invention. this fact is a strong argument that the Chinese felt no necessity for war.

"It. is true also that the Japan of feudal days has a record of wars and struggles as bloody as the history of Europe can boast of,, that the songs of those dread war-, riors still form the lullabics for Japanese infants. and that the emulation of those heroes is still the goal of many ambitious youths. Japan. however. it must be said. is the most warlike of all the Asiatic peoples. And yet it may be contended that her people on the whole love peace better man war, far more so than the mod- crners do, by the historic fact that during ltr life of five and twenty centuries she had only

three foreign wars; whereas. 11,. United States, the youngest am most peaceful of all the modcii nations. has waged during hci short life four wars with the out side world and a 'most grievoui and dolorous one within her own people! "

0

The next difference bctwccii East and West. as this Japanese scholar saw if fifty years ago. is that the West is individualistic. while the East is communal tno. Communistlc in the modern sense and patriarchal. This is how hr explained it: "The unit of flu Western world is the individual; that of the East. the family. Hen we shall find the key to the solu. tion of the whole problem.

"That individualism is the Innst distinctive feature of modern-cm ilizaiion needs no emphasis. in. dividualism is born of liberty, an: liberty is the keynote of Occidentaj civilization. But, for the cum; view. namely. the weakness and danger of individualism, the West. crn public is seldom appealed to Among a few such appeals. tlu tirade on the evils of individualism by the author of that exccllcir satire on Western civilization, ILL-tiers from a Chinese offici.'il', strikes me as one of the most cin- qucnt ever penned.

"After describing how week is the bond in Western society he- twccn a child and his parcnl:., how he is left to himself to Wen. ture and struggle. compete .-invi win.' how 'the cash-nexus is Lila only relation you recognize among men'. the author declares. Now 11 us of the East. all this is the mark of barbarous society. We measure the degree of civilization not by nccumiilntinn of the means of in. ing. but by the character and valus of the life lived. Where there are no humane and stable relations. no reverence for the past, no respect (well for the present. but only a cupidinous ravishment of the fu- ture; there, we think, is no tine society."

ixui

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