Aususr 22. 1942_,_

n___, _.-__. -

‘i NEWSY Norm -

l! AGI-IDOI-A

' MILLET.

A correspondent asked me, a phort time ago, fcr s me informa- uoil on millet as n. forage plant. To my regret I was unable to com- ly “m, 11115 request: but 1m luck- ,.. up 1113 silbjiCb 1n a rather rare old blck-I-tnincfs “Vegetabte Kngduu," printed at Glasgow 1:1 1855-1 found a history v! the

pm“, which is here presented 1n

a condensed form. Two 1116i are treated of.

Mills

kinds 0i

(Setaria d to our at, .1 . "Fcxlail Gass" (Setaria viride). It. has the 5551C dense, cylindrical brlstly head 11cm whose numerous small seeds, namcunting to a thousand (mllle)," the n-"nle of millet is supposed to be detlvcd. 'I(1is spke or (rad is about nine inches long (on a four- fcct stalk) and i-lle sred is easffy shaken cut. "The Italir-rls make a scr; or cearse brown bread from m. non; or these seeds, but. the

f 1on1 use of them 1s for feed- 1__ pClilifV Th? leaves and s alks 35-3 11=.-1;1 as fodder fcr cattle, and m» 111p mafe *:t0_ b:us'1es." IBYCCCTlS nrcb-ublvl." W1Lho11t doubt 111'; pilnt. had barn brcught from M a ‘were it was then cuftivated under the name of “congue." 'I'.~.crc is also a Qctdrh Germanica, (itrnian M1 lcf, which resembles ‘ lmVrn pTnt but is rather (imlnut-ive. Our s=td1in i: smaller still, the flower "kirm rewiring 8 cm. 1:1 ,1 , and mcstly les than 5 cm. sedsrnon‘: 11st: give Hungarian, 11nd 3iter1an miliets, all <1 ltype. ecimcn nrnt. by my corygs- was a paluclel n1illst; the sccdl s1": borne 1n lcose, anclwd cluevrs, instead o.’ 11:11:11 s 1km. This is a var- let)‘ cf scrailfm. and is grown for

59rd, wnle the Safari-rs are mrrc extensively as hay

This sorghum iniligygoes , r dffrnent nanlrs in the dif- ferent (‘our ‘cs where it is cult/l. 111121 In . 1a it is Jcvarec; in Fqrpt and Nubia dhourra; and in 111a West Indies it is "C'u‘nea 11cm a belief that it ql-‘g- c-scn? frcm the wewem crast The flcwers, when they

mp1s llalian

.3

1- “Af. r ' 111st Crme out. in large paniclcs at

1111 iopgof the stalk, resemble the male spkes of the maize (Indian ccrni plant, and this may ex- plain why this particular millet

was introduced to my reader ls

Ger soon rnorus on

MARKET HOGS

by feeding your pig: Quakor Pig-N-Hog Food

ERP/S a famous feed for help- ing develop strong, healthy choice pigs with good bone, muscle, and blood. Provides pigs with balanced carbohydrates ideal for swine, 11s well as min- erals, vitamins, iodine and 16% protein. Helps pigs mature with good wcightaud sound condition.

QUAKER PIG-N-HOG FEED

ORDER NOW FROM

Central Greameries Limited Charlottetown

Bram-he;

“Pmemln Dlllry Summcraide Bourls Creamery‘. Snurls.

fjfilfed Quaker Feed Dealers

warm! 1111313 k121i“ m, _ e carre ou Switzerland 1n the m.ddle of the eighteenth cen- W13’ and 1n the Transactions of we 1t. was m

ofthis n

small uantlty of manure and de- mandlg only a trifling amount of 11°F It occasioned, tco, a vary

""1111 decree 9! fieiiiramtim 111 8X10 b11151. s‘ u

famous "Her-buy: g-ww

"-1 a rm plant». 1n his Eliillgliisgfggfrt. den 111 1506: but 11; never became a favorite. since the English nut. "m" 15f fflfelly sufficiently dry m4 warm or r 1 l

A! w m Pen ng ts seeds.

mes whierc it _ e gra n 1s us d 1t and for fatteniilg ‘Esswiiig? ‘Aynéeegf course, 1t is fermented 1,0 makg an alochclic beverage" _. which m Nubia was called "bouzan." whence P118118 Comes "booze." The pan. cled millet is announced 1n the seed-lists as the "prom" type.

LUMBERING IN OLD TIMES (I)

In an old work 11b e Scotland in the mfcliileludfd 1.1m nineteenth century. a. Mr. Mc. Q1980!‘ ‘gives an wcount of lumber- ing in ‘our Canadian possessions and New Brunswick." He wrlies with an intimate knowledge of the industry as then carried 0:1; and I prfilpofe to givc- my readers a Kllmpse of conditlons as wild and W001i‘, as anything 1.11 the heyday 01 1hr West; and now equally gone and forgotten.

Mr. McGregor prefaces his ac- 0611-‘11 by declaring that Boston is the principal emporium for can- adian lumlber in the Northern States." Besides deals (boards) for 11011511116110: the doors and other parts of the interior of their hous- es in America, the white p’ne 1s fomled into what are called clap hoards and shingles. These form the outer coverings of the houses. These wooden houses last about twelve or fifteen ears".... The actual description O the lumbering beg1ns.. "The timber tirade... is of more importance 1n employing our Ships and seamen than 11. is considered to be; and employs also a vast number of people in the British colonies, whose manner of living, owing to the nature of business they follow, is uziirely different from that of the other inhabitants of North America.” "Several cf these people form what is termed a “lumbering party’) consisting of persons who are all either hired by a master lumberer, who pays them wages, and them 1n provisions or of individuals who enter into an lulderst-an-ding with each other, to have a loint interest in the proceeds of he: labor."

The necessary supplies of pro. visions, clothing, and s0 on, were usually obtained frcm the merch- ants, on credit, in consideration o! receiving some of the timber brought, dcwn the rivers the folio-w- ing summer. A list of the things deemed requisite were: “axes. cross-cut saws, cocking utensils, at least one cask of rum. 105W“! 511d pipes, a sufficient quantity of bs- cult, pork, bee! and fun: PM and pearl barley for s0up,_ with a cask of molasses." The mo asses was to sweeten a decoction mnfe of suit.- able shrubs, or of the tops of the hemlock trees, which was "taken as tea."

Two or three yokes of oxen. with sufficient hay to feed than, we're also taken along, to haul the tfm. ber out of the wocds. ”

“When thus prepared. 0111' author gccs on.” these Pee-Pie 171°- ceed up the rivers, w111 the pro- visions, to one place fixed on for their winter establishment; which is selected as near a strerm of wa- ter, and in the midst of as much pine timber. as ssible. They ycnllfle by clear m! away a few of the surrounding trees. and bulld- ing a camp that is (bunk-house) of round 108s the walls 0f Whlfill are seldom mom than four or five. feet high; the roof is covered with birch bark or boards. A bit l5 011i! undc-r the camp t4; preserve any- thing lia-ble to injury from frcst. The fire 1s either in the middle o!‘ one end; the smoke gces out. through the roof; hay- smlw. 01’ fir branches are s read W058 01‘ along the whole engih of this habulation, on which filmy Bell, 11° down together at night. to seep. with their feet. next the fire. when the fire gets 10w, he W110 11161- awakes, or feels cold, springs “D and throws on five or six iiiets; in this way they Dual-Kb a. large fire all night. of ‘he party was hired ll cook and t was his job to have breakfast ready by daylight: at which tilne all were on their feet takin their “moming" as they onl- led t. e indispensable dram of NW

1n

q»

and have Orne

avg: IIII‘

ANNUUNGEMENT Re BUNlIS 0N HUGS

t m_c°'""l°lli‘lllll week of August. 17th we are authorized to Ply ' “IS of FIFTY CENTS per hog on all hogs sold through our or-

"mmlvh. rradcd

“E Dfrrniumq’ Him We do 1181c Iill 1,. Will hay we mm" ""1 hi1: producer

SELECTS by the official government grader- n“! "l" fvfllillvely be In addition to our Dlld each week. Think this over and you wlll "m! l‘ l0 an extra 35 cent; per out. on the average nclect hog.

lmflw how long thfn proposition will Int. Your patronule "It measure of’ your appreciation of this outstanding offer and 9 much to do with its continuation or ‘

regular high market I114"

rrnlnalfnn.

mivantage of this of!"

lo like

rah" Yvlfvc ever shipped through our organization before or not. If "it's no difference and you are cordially Invited to 10in with us oom-

mnfl"! "Ht week.

Y0!!! Sincerely,

LIVESTOCK MARKETING BOARD.

"II-IWIIIIII IIIII were

51549-22.

THE

cl|.\R|.r1"r'rl:T(1vv_1§1_

GUARDIAN

=__ man NINE

'_-_T’;=’nI

VITAL ISSUED AFFICTIN IATUI-AL RISOUBOIB IAIQIIFIIID

1 CONSERVATION I

I WIIKLI COLUMN OI’ PRAUHUAL OPINIONS 0P THE G THE USES AND ABUSIB 0F BY HR LUDUOVI JENKINS

(Wildlife Ccntinued) OTHER. VEGETATION

‘Ihe lone of transition 1.0m marsh to upland vegetation con- fns such grcvwms as rose mallow

grcundselbuh (Eareharis folia) covered in fall with 0.1a glistening wuiie parachute hairs 0! its seeds; swltongrass (Pancum virgatum), tbs seeds of wnich are a 1rd food: aaltbuslz (Alripfex patula): and seaside gclienmd Solldago aempervfrcns) . The leaves of saltbluli, arrc-wneadlke, and those 9f the seaside goldenrod, lance-moped, are somewhat thick- ened a. characteristic of seJt-iolcrating pfants. The bush may be browsed by geese, or its seeds may be eaten by varitus birds, but the goldenrod is not know to be so used.

BIRDS OF THE SALT MARSHES

The discuaion of the birds of the salt marshes is divided into two parts, the first relating to the more characteristic spzcies --lh0se that either breed in or closely fre- quent the usual salt-marsh vege- tatfon-end the second treating the less characteristic species — those that visit the mall-slum but do not breed 1:1 them, except in me; brat are not, really part qf the mit- marsh vegetation. Th's second yc. tlon includes also discussion of birds who true breeding hzme is in inland wooded swamps or on bare beaches 0r sandy isands but that. may frequently fly owr or even descend to feed fn salt marsh- es.

MORE CHARACTERISTIO SPECIES

Highly characteristic birds of the so marshes are certain rails and arrows; other species that breed in t-hcm include the Hack duck, blue-wlnrrd teal. b1t‘en. contain shorebirds, and the marsh hawk, short-cared owl, red-winged black- bird, meadowlark, and marsh wre-n. Birds that nest on beadhcs and lsiandy islands are not. considered m.

RAILS

Although rails abzurzd in and are highly characteristic of tire salt marshes. which 1n the evening may resound with the‘: distinctive calls. s. casual observer mfg-ht spend considerable time in these areas and neve-r see one, fcr these brds are retiring and elusive and are most active in the morning and evening. when the transient ob.

finds lefyel‘ u least likely to be n1 the

marshes. Dy going at these tinles. however, or by proceeding caut- iously and quietly at, others, he may occasionally see them. ‘Iheir nests. usuallv well concealed, are 0n or near the ground our supported just

rum immediately befose breakfast. And in this congerual occupation we lhall leave theln for the pres- (mt.

A LITTLE PHILOLOGY

Over the radio I catch the word "commandant." and it is accented on the last syllable. I was inclined to question this, because it 1s the genius of the English language l0 thrust the accent towards the front of a word. just as the French lan- guage prefers it at the end: but when I looked it, up 1n the King's English" dictionary I found that the announcer was right. A ccupie of lines down, hmever, there was “Ccmm-and-er" with the accent on the penultimate syllable - one last but. one. That is in accordance with the genius of the language. Probably "CommandAWr" in brought in frcm one of the called "Latin" languages,

Notice how the BBC talks of tide island of Timor as ‘rle-mor, while the 0B0 says Tee-mor? ‘me latter 11s ihethyruinch Frgjnclh was 0118 Q 5118111589 P 011186)’ over in Europe, and it: alphabet was used to represent the sounds cf eastern place names. But John Bull, regardless of anybody eisels feelings, treated the spelling 1n his way; so we have Tie-mot Par-is, instead of Par-BE, and so on.

In “Pied Piper," a story dealing with the adventures of an English. man in occupied France, I came across a. sentence in German which offers no difficulty t0 the o ry English reader. “Kom, Anna," says the Gestapo chief, who is trying to smuggle hi; niece to America, “Kom, Anna. hier 1st. Herr Howard

wirst. du zu Onkel gehen." ‘me last word "go"—in Northumibcian it be "gan." Du is "thou." 1n the North "thoo" and say "z\1” as if "tsoo." colloquial German is cousin to colloquial English, but the "written" German is made cumbrcus by running several words together to form one: for example the "Sanitatsunterofflzier" was the title of a military doctor in tlhe story. In the rlod which chancer wrote t re were many German words in our language, which have now disappeared. They mark; hLs poetry harder to under- sa .

50.

A POSER

when Lloyd George introduced his Insurance Act 1n 1911—1hirty yea-1's. by the way before Canada u. s 11d ted 11,- rd

and the

plain John . the Act at a meeting in a little Scottish Border town. After concluding that m‘: iegisiaton was 1. practical applica- t'on of the Sermon on the Mount, he awaited questions An old 5110p- herd 11.11156 and asked: "Ye ronrd-

er this Insurance Act is in kccpin’ with dt-he Bible, air?"

r o 1'

Th» shepherd continued: "is it

1111c that. under ire Act there's a maternity benefit. and that a wo- man gets 1t vlhcher she's married or not?"

"That's right."

"Well. ~'1-. how d'ye expldn tbh?

Tn- PP-l- rvr the wwrs s" 1,. death and the Act says 30 shllllnfil" _ - ._ _, , .-.

The eggs. pale

oler the watzr. often are laid

win dark spoltlngs, in cz-nslderabb number, clutclzes ranging from 5 to 15. All rails have llgiht and dark barf-isms on the flanks, and all are narrow-bodied birds that slip about 1n the dense marsh vegetation so readily that capture by dircet pursuit probabiy is not within the power of their

memes. The mcst representative member of the family is the mapper rail (Rallua lcngircstrfs), known or meadow hen, which is always in the salt marshes, as it gasses even the winter there from ew Jersey southward. It in about. one size of a one-third grown Leghorn chicken and is largely rayldl but has some olive on the ac and buff on the breast. The king rail (R. elegans), alhou. h chiefly an inhabitant of fres water marshes, occasionally is gzen in the salt. marshes. It is about the Same size as the marsh hen but is darker above and much more red- dish brown below. The Virginia . limlcola) ma be seen in it marshes at a; seasons but more often in winter. It 1s half the size c-f the king rail and of about the same general coloration but has a dlstinciny reddish patch on each wlnil- The scra (Pox-Inna. carolina), chiefly a freflp-marfl; species. may sometimes be leen 1n the salt marshes 1n nrgratiqn m4 winters in them from the Carolin-as south It is a ‘little smaller than the Vlrghla rull 11rd L; musty cliye brown abs-ye a:d blue gray below, with a back marking over the crown, about the base cf bill, and cn the throat. Two sma-ler species, the yellow rail (Cotumicops novoboraicensis) and the black rail (Creciscus Jamaicensisi, suffi- ciently dewrlled by their common 111111165. inhabit. the marshes, but they are so rare or elusive, or boar, "m they are not often seen. T116 100d habits 01f the fills have

been much studied. The sora habft-ulvly fattsns in wildrlce marshes (fresh) 1n fa.ll, and the

o‘her specie“, except the clapper rail. freouent the=e areas to some ex "nt. They all eat. insects, snails. and small cnlstacsans. and 1t is N90110:! that the clapper r1131 d=- your; many fiddler crabs. Rails are protected by law; but as they are classed as game. an open Sea. sen ls provided for hunting t/nrm. (To be Continued)

Weekly Live Stock Market Report

SUMMARY

A heavy run of cattle was ab- sorbed on markets throughout, the countly during 111s ast week at.

advanced prices. uying p-rioes were anywhere frcm 10c to 50c higher, with the Wartime Food

Corporation taking a large percen- tage of the offering. Exports were also substantial, which all mace fcr a good strong market. Calves were steady to higher princ-pally at Toronto, while hcgs mace slight gains, and lambs advanced 25c at Toronto but elsewhere prices worked into lower ground.

Eastern Cattle Markets

Cattle receipts at the Torcnto stock yards were the heaviest for any one week in many years, and prices were bocsted from 10c to

on female classes, with fed calves up 50c. weighty steers sold frcm $9.5) to $10.50 on female classes, with fed calves u 50c. weighty si-cers sold from .52 $10.50, and butchers frcm $0 to $10.25 The demand at Montreal was good and the bttier classm of steers sold u-p to $10, and the best of the butcher cows from $6 to $7.57. with cd-d sales to $8125. I11 the Maritimes most classes were steady, and the best of the steers were quoted at $9.25 to $9.50.

Western Cattle Marketa

In the west, cattle runs were larger but trading was gznerally active, and most cf the stcck Cleared at higher prices. All sult- able shipping steers were in dc. mand at Winnipeg from $10 to $10.75, and replacement cattle were good sellers, with light stock- er steers moving freely at $9 to $9.50. At Calgary butcher steers rated $9.65 to a top of $11.45, and Edmonton aid up to $10.50 for choice stee s. Prince Albert had god killing steers at $9.25 to $9.50,

gins. as as $10.75, while Saskatoon W84 25c to 50c higher, with good grass steers at $9.25 to $9.50 and a few $9.75, and sime grain-fed steers at. $10. At Van- couver a small offering was readily cleaned up, with good grass steers up t0 a top of $10.40.

Wurtlmo Food Corporation Purchases

Purchases by the Wartime Food Corporation during 111a past week included 7.513 cattle at Toronto, 5.800 a1. Winnipeg, and '17.’! at Cal- gary, maktig a total of 14.009. This brings the total puroha-‘es up to date by the Corporation to 33,. 219. At Toronto, choice we'ghiy steers were taken at 12.50 to $13.65, fair to gocd qua ty at $11 to $12.50, and butcher steers and heifers at. $11 to $12 75 Butcher cows were bought at $8 '15 to $10, with cutters down to $8. and bulls from s11 to $12. A1, Winnipeg, good weighty steers were apnraised for the Corporation at $12 25 to $12.75, medium to gcod butcher steers at $10.50 1o $12, medium to gocd bulls

to $l1.25( medium to gcod to $11 61*, and medium to good ccws at $9 to $10 57.

United States Market

Only email lots of Canadians were 501d at the Buffalo cattle market. where the trade was K811- crliiv active at an advance cl 25c to 50c. Small iots of steers sold up to $13, wiih other sales $12 50 and below. At St. Paul 1h: market was vrcnver. but turned wedker toward 11~~- 01"". Ccfrmcn to medium

kcontlnued on page {col a)

1° cuss the subject. ‘P1119

IIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH

§i|ver Fox Farming "'

Dr. B. R. McCrory of the Purina Icmnlllmv Gave an address to the fur CRIIIIIIICTS at their Held Day, -

° 115. Colorado, that was the re-

llwé (iteallllflfl pf l111l’5_ We re- on ve u - 58M a: Fhls ‘very vailiillile conti-illlaiil-l 0n 111' armin i r quot‘: 8 lte ature. We “The fox or mink ranching bus- iness is no different in principle from any other business. Its success depends upon the ability of the party or parties in the executive positions to plan and follow an ec- onomical program. The ranch must be operated in its entirety for less "whey than the pelt crop returns or the assets will be liquidated. The TESDOIISlbility of making a success or failure out of this business now rests upon the soundness of the owners’ or managers’ decisions more than ever before upon the follow- ing factors: . Kind and number of foxes or minks kept. 2. Housing and pen facilities fur- nished

a. Qunllty and quantity of feed furnished. b4 “Prevention of disease out-

XGB .

5. Selection of prime pelters. kg. Preparation of pelts for mar- 6

7: Acceptable appraisal fcr mils. B. Financial rating or status.

Every rancher should keep a pro- per set. of books upon which every tem pertaining to the ranch or its operations should be entered. An accurate set of books serves as a sound guide in the pianmng for the future. also for the balance of the current year...The policy of usiness as usual is outdated. We are going to know what it. costs to produce a pelt-not only for the labor and feed but for everything. No doubt. many of the leaks exist- ing in the business \\‘lli be plugged before the coming pelt crop 1s tak- en off. The ranch owner or the man er is going to realize the re- spons bilfties about which he will have to make a decision. The fall- ure of the rancher to change his plans to conform with the chang- ing economical conditions may be the weakest link in his manage- ment program. To plan each oper- ation carefully and as econmically as possible to assure getting the maximum returns for every dollar spent will be the strongest link he can have in his management Dro- gram.