THE E XAMINER Job Printing Rooms, |
LONDON HOUSE, QUEEN STREKT. fl
Job Printing of all kinds at short notice, | Biliheads, |.etterheads, Noteheads, Pamph- ie te, Poswers. Dodgers, etc.
x - =
Terus: Five Dotrans a Year,
ea
Reading t00om >
Ouse Commons
SSS ——————E
NEW SERIES.
te elitr inne ssnsinninoamcanennenssemag
Calendar for May, 1893, MOON’S CHANGES, Last Quarter, 8th day........ -10 13 after
New Moon, 15th day............. 6 34 after Firet Quarter, 22nd day.... _ ....1039 morn Fall Moon, 30th day eecvecoevess 1l 10 morn — a ee ele
' tg.
Day Day's High
of Day of Week. | Length. | Water Monta.
h.m. | Morn’g.
l Monday 14 13 10 45
Tuesday 16 1l 22
3 Wednesday 18 ll 56
4 Thursday 21 | aft 32
5 Friday 24 1 12
6 Saturday 27 1 56
7 Sanday 29 244
8 Mouday 32 3 25
9 Tuesday 34 4 54
10 W ednesday 7 6 9
ll Thuraday 39 717
12 Friday 41 & 15
13 Saturday 44 9 00
14 Sunday 47 9 44
15 Monday 4S 10 29
16 Tuesday 51 11 14 17 Wednesday 52 | Morn’g.
ls Thursday ot 0 2
19 Friday 56 0 51
20 Saturday 1 58 1 44
21 Sunday 2 2 37 22 Monday 4 3 38
23 Tuesday | 6 4 46
24 Wednesday | 8 5 58
25 Thursday 10 7 0
26 Friday 12 7 53 27 Saturday } 13 8 35 2% | Sunday i 5 9 12
29 | Monday 17 0 49
30 = s | Tuenday 18 10 25
31 | Wednesday mar i i 3
satat ‘ Physician and Surgeon, raduate of the Medical Department of the _——_ of the City of New York, late Member of the Resident Staff of Bellevue
Hospital and the New York Lying-in Hospital, New York City.
Office, North Side of Queen Square,
OPPOSITE POST OFFICE,
RESIDENCE—Near corner of King and Queen Streets, Charlottetown. d&w 3m—may5
cee ee ep
DR. J. R. MeLEAN,
. i? Graduate University Pennsylvania, Phila- ee delphis, 1873,
TRURO, NOVA SCOTIA,
NFINES his practice exclusively to Eye, = Throat ond all forms of Catarrhal
im be consulted at New Giasgow every
Tharsday, Vendome Hotel, 8 a. m. to 1.39 p. m. nay6—dy & wky lm
ROBERT BALLOCH & OO. TEA MERCHANTS,
Mincing Lane, London.
REPRESENTED IN CANADA BY
J. A. MORRISON, HALIFAX
cee ae ae: OA -
‘Th G.&U. Pneumatic Tire
w Woy % a® a NN Mi, a
It is the only Tire that gave satisfaction last yeas MANUFACTURES BY
. LTD. THE COOLD BOTELE C2. ae
8 Youes St., TORONTO 8
—
NOW I$ THE TIME
} TO BUY YOUR
Rog Cases and Fillers,
ALSO YOUR
Sheathing and Building Papers.
OUR PRICE LIST OF AST PER AND PAPER BAGS,
SCHOFIELD BROS.,
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in, Paper of all kinds, : WARELOUSES, 25 & 27 WATER ST., ST. JOHN, N. B.
ap25—dy 6m
FOR SALE CHEAP.
f1E undersigned has for sale the ‘ullow- ing well-bred Stock, viz :— 1 Barrister Mare, 8 years oid, in foal to General Benton (Registered Clyde), l two-year-old Cart Colt, sired by Young Royal Tom, dam by Imp. Barrister, 1 three-year-old Carriage Colt (gelding), 1 Filly, coming four, sired by Ail Right, 5817, 1 Registered Shorthorn Bull, 2 years old. Will be sold cheap for cash or approved credit. Atso—107 acres excellent Land near Cardigan Bridge, King's County. Apply to GEORGE F. OWEN,
Se ee
SS ——+ —_
LS —————
CAN ANY OTHER
WORLD'S =~ FAIR
AS OUR CWN IN MAY? Can anybody in this part of our FAIR WORLD turn out
more neat and attractive PRINTING or more substan-
tial
BOOKBINDING than do the Victoria Row Stationes ?
HASZARD & MOORE.
Charlottetown, May 16, 1893.
ES —=
8. EE eeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEoEoEaEIyII————==_——L_ —_— __————————_—_E==_—
Facts for the People!
/ —/ x)——----——
THE BAZAAR COMPANY
———-HAVE THE CHEAPEST ———
Wall Paper, Shade Blinds, Curtain Poles, etc ,
IN THE CITY. ——Ax)
NEW GOODS ARRIVING EVERY DAY. —
GRRAT BARGAINS io everything in the STATIONERY line. new style FRINGED BLINDS—they are immense, the latest out.
BAZAAR COMPANY,
A. FULTON, MANAGE
See ou
@Ch'town, May 20, 1893.
————E SE
HOUSE CLEANING SUPPLIES
—— (0) ——$ ———
Ready Mixed Paints, Floor Paints, Kalsomines, Whitings, Ochres, Glues, Brunswick Black,
Varnishes, Stains, etc.; Paint, Scrub
——
and Whitewash Brushes at ,lowest prices. FENNELL & CHANDLER,
Ch’towa, April 22, 1893. VICTORIA ROW.
ALABASTINE ON YOUR WALLS
IF VOU (WANT THE BEST) RESULTS, =
er ate “Set
USE
It will ret rub «ff; it wil not fade; it covers twice the surface of Kalsomine.
A GREAT TESTIMONIAL —The est»blished merits af Alabastire are so great that the Michigan State Board of Health, sfter having thoroughly tested this compound for years, pub. lished a piper in a supp'ement to their annual report for 1888, ‘lemaing au kilaomines and wali paper for wel's o t dwellings, and recommended Alabastine as being sanitary, puro, porous and permanent.
We are headquarters for cll kinds of Pamts, 0.1, Varnish, Brushes, Aspinall’s Eaame!, Bronzes, Kalsomine, etc.
DODD & ROGERS,
C..\:own, May 16, 1893. WHOLESALE & RETAIL HARDWARE.
Eee
GIVE EM FITS!
——— (x)
HAT’S just whet we're going to do, give everyone who deals with us fits, and GJOD FITS ‘co. We have leased the Shop lately occupied by Mr. Horace Haszard, in the Cameron Block, ani bave as fine a line of goods in Scotch, English and Canadian Tweeds and Worsteds as was ever shown in this city; and what’s better still, we are golng to give the BIGGEST BARGAINS in Custom-Made Clothing ihat have ever been given here.
We guarantee to give the public the same satisfaction they have received from us in the past, and much better prices.
JAS. MACLEOD & SON,
ap26—lawkey Cardigan Bridge,
Ch’town, May 6, 189%). Late of the Firm of McLeod & McKenzie} |
—— — = =
= as
CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E. ISLAND TUESDAY, MAY 380, i893.
“ This is true Liberty, when Free Born Mon, having to advise the Public, may speak free.”—Evarrivss.
TOLENE
POPULAR SUBSTITUTE FOR LARD.
WAX «vt yw
\*- > ao \ POA WX Sold by Grocers Everywhere.
Made only by N. K. FARRBANK & CO. Wellington and Ann Sts., MONTREAL.
RULES FOR TROUT FISHING
FOR 1893 *£ EASON.
(3° TO DAVIES’ DRUG STORE for your Flics, Rods, Reels, Hooks, Fly Books, Lines, and every article necessary to fishermen.
Our ‘*Block House” Flies have just arrived from England, and they are beau- ties. Come and see them. Cheaper than ever.
ST. GEORGE PHARMACY, Morris Block, opp. Post Office: may23
FOR INVALIDS
whose system needs toning up and whose appetites are failing, a quick and pleasant remedy will be foundin
CAMPBELL’S QUININE WINE.
Prepared only by K. Campretr & Co., Beware of Imitations.
MONTREAL.
DHNSOW'S
ANopYHS
LINIMER
yrelke any OT &
As much
Yor INTERNAL as EXTELNAL tse, im 1810
Originated by an Otd Family Physician. Think Of It. uit Snvcarr than Bieney ration after Generation have used and biessed it. Every Traveler should have a bottle in his satchel,
From Rheumatism, E ver S u ffe rer Sclatica, Neuralgir. Nervous Headache, Diphtheria,Coughs,Catarrh, Brow-
chitis, Asthma, Cholera-Morbus, Diarrhoea, enesa, Soreness in Body or Limbs, Stiff Joints or Strains, will flud in this old Seon oar aud a. cure, shou ave nson’s Anodyne Liniment in the Every Mother house for Croup, Col Sore Throat, Tonsflitis, Colic, Cuts, Bruises, Cramps and Pains liable to occur in an — notice. Delays may cost a life. Relieves Summer Complaints like magic, Price, % aaa 6 bot tles, $2 Lxpress paid, LS. Johneon & Co., Boston, Mass
King’s Evil
SCROFULA, and yields
EMULSION
Of Pure Norwegian Cod Liver Oi! and Hypophosphites. Impoverished and impure blood is al- ways effectively restored to vigorous con- dition by this wonderful remedy. Ouwres Coughs, Colds and all Wasting Diseases.
Almost as palatable as Milk. Prepared only by Scott 4 Bewne, Relleville.
The Exodus and the Causes Thereof.
One of the subjects most frequently re- ferred to by politicians opposed to the Dom- inion Governmeut is the exodus from Canada to the United States. They give it as a proof of the hardships imposed by the National Policy; and assert with loudest tones that the heavy taxations imposed on the people is driving them from the Dom- inion.
If this charge were true, it would be the duty of all persons interested in Canada to fores on the attention of the Government the disastrous «ffect of their policy. But is it a f.ct that the exodus—a truih which can- not be denied so far, at least, as the Mari- time Provinces are concerned—is caused by the policy of the Government ?
In proceeding to the consideration of a question of thie kind, it is well to throw aside all party or partizan feeling and get right down to the facts. The contention of Guvernment and Oppositien ma be partly true, the factors whic they claim may have a_ certain amount of veracity; but apart from the incidence of taxation and from the trend of emigration there are, we believe, other reasons why the people of the older pro- vinces of Canada, especially those of the agricultural settlements of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and of almost the whole ot Prince £dward Island, should become dissatisfied with life on the farm; and: should seek iu other ways the living, the comforts, the pleasures they are denied at their own homes.
In the earlier history of these provinces, when the soil contained, in a full measure, the fertility stored in it for ages, the pioneer farmers had but to “‘tickle the land with a hoe and it laughed a_ bountiful harvest.” Lumber, of good quality, in large quantities, existed in almost every section, and shipbuilding and lumbering gave employment to many sturdy workmen, the feeding of whom provided a market for the farmers’ productions. As time passed thess conditions have changed. The build- ing of wooden ships has almost ceased. Lumbering is gradually being confined to smaller and more distant areos; and now, the farmers of those previnces, after pro- viding for home consumption, have to look for a foreign market for the surplus they raise.
In Mills’ Political Economy we find it laid down as an axiom that ‘After a cer- tain, and nut very advanced stage in the progress of agriculture, it is the law of production from the land, that in any given state of agricultural skill and knowledge, by increasing the labor, ths producefis not increased in an ¢qual degree; doubling the labor does not double the produce; or, to express the same thing in other words, every increase of produce is obtained by a more than proportional in- crease in the application of labor to the land.”
From this we can readily see that, even if the former condition of things had con- tinued, when wheat could be sold at $1.62 to $2 per bushel; when barley would realize 80 cents to 90 cents; oats con- tinued in active demand at 40 to 41 cents per 86 lbs., the increased cost of production would leave a less margin of profit, and consequently of comforts, to the farmer. We are tuld that during the reciprocity treaty of 1854-66 our farmers made money —were better off than now. That is per- fectly true; but there were causes why this should be so that were altogether excep- tional, At that time the opening of the grain fields of the West was only begin. ning- The war in Europe had created an unusual uemand during the first part of the term, and the war of the rebellion had the sume effect during the latter portion of that period, These, and the development of manuiacturing industries in the New England States, gave a market to our farm- ers of which they profitably availed them- selves.
But as time passed, the cuitivation of the soil, in the manner usually adopted in the Lower Provinces—and which must be con- sidered as a not very advanced stage of pro gress in agriculture—has brought about the result predicted by Mr. Mills im the quota- tion already given, viz., that ‘‘doubling the labor does net double the produce.” The stored-up fertility of the soil has been, to a great extent, exhausied, and large yields can only be obtained by the highest and most skuful species of agriculture. Thus we find that faras which, forty or fifiy years ago, maintained the farmer and his family in comfort, if not in luxury, are now incapable of doing so, or of raising feed enough for a team of horses and a few cattle; and in many cases the owner, dis- couraged at his want of success harvest after harvest—each of which frequently proves more disappointing than its prede- cessor—either selie his jand to some more fortunate person who may have obtained money through adventitious circumstances, or drags aloug from year to year in misor- able poverty. His family, as they grow up, see the failure that attends their father’s efforts In order to keep themselves in any w:y respectable, they early in life have to go out to work, «and work hard; but every rising sun they see is welcomed as bringing nearer the day when they can strike out tor themselves, aid gat clear of the drudgery— a ‘hey call :t—of faim work. It is not, however, the work that drives the young people away. It is the disappointing returns jhey get for it. Ah! Lhearthe Liberals saying now, you have come to the right conclusion, It is becauss the farmer cannot get a market for nis produce that the young psuple have to eave their homes. Not at ali. It is nor che market price that is the trouble, but the small quantity of produce the farmer gets in return for his labor.
In relation to this contention (that doubling the labor does not double the pro- duce) Mil says: ‘*The most fundamental errors which still prevail on one subject re- sult from not perceiving this law at work underneath the more superficial agencies for the ultimate causes of effects of which
of which it alone determines the essence.” Consequently, it is not only the low price received by the farmer for his produce— the causes of which we will speak of later on—but the excessive amount of labor that has to be spent for a small amount of value inreturn. ‘* Value,” says the political economist, ‘* being purely relative, cannot depend vpun absolute profits no more than upon absolute wages, but upon relative prifits only.” Thus if it cosis more to taise ® bushel of wheat or oats or barley than they can be sold for in the market, the value received by the tarmer is nil. And as itcan be shown that while the cost of growing agricultura! productions in the Maritime Provinces has enormously in creased —through the failing fertility of the soil—the prices obtained for them has ma- terla'ly decreased ;%therefore there could be but one result; increasing poverty of the tarmer and increasing inducement for his family to leave the farm and in some other pursuit obtain what the land denied. Again, it is laid down in political economy that “ when the production of a commodity is susceptible of unlimited multiplication or not, there is a minimum value whieh ir the essential condition of its being permarently produced. The value at any particular time is the result of supply and demand, and is always that which is necessary to crea’e a market for the existing supply. But unless that value is sufficient to repay the cost of production, and (o sffurd besides the ordin- ary expectation of profit, the commodity wiil not be produced.” :
As was already pointed out, the farmers’ crops in the Maritime Provinces are being produced—if the farmer got adequate re muneration for his labor—at a greater cost than they would bring in the market. Why is this? In estimating what articles are synonymous with the term * value ” or ‘*money value” most writers on pvlitical economy agree that wheat is one of the principal standards. When wheat is dear bread is high, and vice versa; and as wheat bread is the ataff of life in nearly all civi- lized communities (or at least in those that occupy the position of principal customers for the produce of American and Canadian farms) the price of wheat is one of the prin- cipal factors in determining the value of labor, and consequently of all its produc- tions. It has beep pointed out that higher prices were obtained for cereals of all kinds thirty or forty years ago than can be had now; and, notwithstanding that the failure of the fertility of the soil in the older pro- vinces has greatly increased the cust of pro- duction, all those products can now be bought cheaper than ever before. This has been brought abont by the building of rail- ways ind the op ning of canals, whereby ¢ommunication is established with the far western territories of the United States and Canada. The stored up fertility cf those western plains has lately been tapped, anc an immense volume of bread, in the forna of wheat, has been let loose on the world. When, however, the price of wheat is low, it may be said that every other sommodity should also become cheaper; but this does not always follew. From circumstances such as the combination of labor, or the protection of Government, the artizan gets equally high prices for his labor when wheat is low as when it was considerably higher; but the farmer whose productions are directly affected by the price of this most important cereal, suffers, and suffers severely. True, government protection given him may be a help, but the Canadian farmer profits little save in some exceptional cases. The value of his produce is fixed by the markets of the world, as he nearly always raises more than is required for his own country and must export the re- mainder. True, the protection given provides some benefit in articles such as pork and beef, by which the corn and grass fed meat of the United States is kept out of the Dominion; but so soon as the grasing lands of the Northwest become developed, the duty on pork and beef will be of little use to the farmer of the older Provinces Thus we see that while the production of the land was decreasing in the older Pro- vinces, the bountiful harvests of the newer Provinces were taking away whatever
For neat, clean, tasteful Printing and prompt attention to orders, THE EXAMINER Job Printing Depart-
ment is peculiar. Don’t forget it.
eon’ seen
VOL. 31.--NO. 7
market tor his productions, so muchas the increased cost of growing his crops, that keeps the farmer poor; and increases the number of those who leave the farm for urban life, there- by augmenting the exodus.
It may well be asked what is the remedy for this state of affairs? The Liberal politic- ian says that free trade would give increased” prosperity to the farmers, and if they had the reins of power they would adopt that policy. If we had free trade to-morrow it would kot: change the laws of supply and demand or the principle of political economy already quoted “that doubling the laser does not doubie the produce.” We coukl possibly buy some goods at a Jower price than we do now; but our best ustomers in the Maritime Provinces would be heavily handicappod by American compet- ition, and meny of them would have to join the exodus. It would be net only some of the farmers who wou'd then be leaving the Mari« tims Provinces, but the mechanics and their families who now form the great bulk of the citizens of towns like Trure, New Glasgow, Amherst, Moncton, Londonderry, Springhill, St. John, Sackville, Hampton and dozens of others in Nova Seotia and New Branewick, all of which buy largely of farmers’ produc tions.
Improved agriculture and manufacture of raw products by the farmer is the on!y way to overcome the cheapened productions of the fertile plains of the west, which are now brought into competition with the produce of the older provinces. The growing of fine quality meat and wool, the manufacture of butter and cheese, the growth of increased crops per acre, the feeding of cattle by soiling instead of pasiuring, and a general abandon- ment ot the old practices by which the fertil- ity of the soil was hauled away in every article sold,—these are the remedies that will most effectually end the exodus.
G. F, Owrn,
“TT 18 ALL THAT IS CLAIMED FOR IT!
Women of all ages, and in all con- ditions, -will find just the help they need in Skoda’s Discovery.
MRS. SARAH E. BLETHEN, Bangor, Me. Mrs. Sarah E. Blethen, of No. 9, Grove Street, Bangor, Me., says: “For quite a number of years, I have been a great sufferer from vere pains in my back and site, or. the last three years, hare been 1 reduced and run down, | ab , do any work. At my : i never cxnected to be s : , i have taken only two } AATS KNIarMyrev SKODA’S DISCOVER with gi- ot Skoda 8 cure My Bea Le! i i gon
tite hes rcturnod, | sined.3
ener ’
; : huwe & . we
For sale by al) Druggists. Trade supplied by W. R. Watson, Charlottetown, P. BE. 1.
chance remained of obtaining payment for labor on the farm. The prices «f farm pro-| duce are cheaper than they were fifty years! ago, although the increase of the popuia-| tion, had no other factors been at work, would have warranted a larger return for the farmer's Jabor being expected.
These facts are felt, but not understood, by the young people of the Maritim: Provinces. They know that friends of theirs have gone to the United States and written home encouragisg accounts. They hear of the high wages paid for ordinary} work: and being hardened by the usual routine of the farm, with muscles like iron, and thews of steel, they fear not any amount of labor. Consequently, they pre- pare to leave their homes, and their num. ber swells the exodus. Among the farmers, little if any complaint is heard of the prices their supplies cost them. They know that prices of goods are less than they were teu
or fifteen years before, and ‘tis only when some _ politician excites them with angry denunciation of the
35 per cent. tariff of the Government; thet! they blame the National Policy for their woes. | As a matter of fact the National Policy has) done @ great deal for the farmers of the Mari time Provinces. The tewns and villages that have sprung up in Neva Scotia} and New Brunswi-:k c neume a large quantity of farmers produce; and the fact that over a million bushels of oats have, in a single year —1888 —been exported from P. E. Island to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, over what | was exported to all foreign countries, shows) that the provincial market is one of great | benefit to the farmere of that Province. In} 1878 the total export of oats from P. E. Island to all countrics outside the Dominion was! 1,636,522 bushels; and for the fiscal year end- | ed the 30th June, 1888, the exports to the
same countries had fallea to 387,214 bushels.
We thus see that the home market provided
by the development of manufacturing and | mining caused largely by the National Policy | consumed the surplus oats of the Island farme | ers, for which they received a better price than | if it had to be exported to foreign countries; It | it not, therefore, on account of having a poor
they may induence the form and mode, but
ay
They Tell Their Friends
People who buy GENTS’ FORNISH- INGS and CLOTHING from us are our best advertisements. They ‘tell their friends” about the Bargains they get.
For fear that you will not hear of them
we'll tell you that we are selling
BOYS’ SUITS and ODD PANTS, MEN’S SUITS and ODD PANTS,
MEN’S SKELETON COATS, Russel Cord and Linen,
MEN’S LIGHT SUMMER OVEROCOATS,
in Tweed,
At the Lowest Prices in the Cicy,
-_-—_—_
McKAY WOOLEN CO.
Charlottetown, May 11, 1808.
: * &
) . ‘
ORS 2 “4
a
anlire
eee : « ” « & au oO errr eee Hee a aan a even
SS i noses yy
7