mos sic-m £..——-——-

Build sim le meals around su stantial soups

HEINZ

Carzdemva’

SHEPHERITS Pll

5 ublufloon 41nd mica

J MHnpoon: ilicrd green popper

z IAHespco/u ".114 flarrmrul 41.11pm or lunar

1/2 lb. mu; gr/uulr/ bu] or I cup cooked ground he]

1,1, leuifwmi 1.111

l 1| a1. run Ill-in: Condensed Vvgeluil: 30v! lldiluud l up Ildllltdflul-lldt!

Saute’ onion and green epper in fat until fender. Add incur and brown. fraw meat is used cook thoroughly. $pllnkiu with salt. Add Soup and simmi-r, uutnvcruil, for 5 minutes, siirring occu- sivnully. Pldreln inking dish and (up with Ifllhhffl .- potaincs. illite- in n hut ovcn M00“ l7.) for Z1) j, minutes or until potatoes are well browned.

Server 4.

"If! recipe ll felon from a 401mg- bookluf-—"57 Way: To Use Hninx Condensed ScupW-[vsl pub licked. Ad’ your qloccr for n FREE copy.

- NEWSY

St.

St. Swithinls day is July 15. and is well known in the weather-lore d! rustic England. The rhyme

goes: “St. Swithlrvs Day, if thou be rain, For forty days lt will remain; St. Swithlns Dal’. 11111011 be

fair, _ For forty days ‘twill rain nae ma r."

The same day belongs to kints Processus and Martin. An old Latin proverb says that it suffocate-s the corn igralm if it rain on the feast of St. Prccessus and St. Martin." In another part of the ccuhtry it was said that St. Swithin was "christening (i.e., hebtising) the apples," when rained on that day. July 7f was “O1d" Si. S\\‘itlllll'5 Day. .

Before going on to relate the; legend which connects the Saint with the rainfall. it must be re- marked ihat Just after the sun has attained its highest point in the Northern Hemisphere. rainy weather sets in. in temperate reg-‘ ions, and inonsoons, typhoon-s, etch in tho tropics. Thc “forty days" is evidently dcrivcd from the Scriptural account of the Deluge. It rained heavllv for a time on) July i5 of this venr, and that givesv us an opportunity to check up on. the saying! And bv tho way thc moon was in conjunction with Jupiter on thc 14th; “Pluvius" is‘ right!

Swithin or Swithun was born near Winchester, England, prob- ably about the year 800. He be-i came a monk and because of his, zcnlous devotion to duty was clectfl ed Prior of Winchester Abbev. He" gaincd the estccm of King Egbert. of Wessex who appointed him tutor to his young son. Prince Ethel- wulf. ,

Swithlnks faith was accompanlcdi by works. as we usllziilv find it ‘was. in the days of old To his: persistence the any of Wlnchcsterl was said to owe its finest churches and it is certain that he spanned the river Itchen with a stone: bridge-um first, of the kind seen‘ in those parts. Ho dclightcd in sittinl-l among the workmen and‘

Swithin’: Day

‘ ut-"kcd

CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

NOTES - dim"

Curt Rim. cuth d - is: is in Berlin onoraszirgnizigiilinfiir NEA Service. A native of the German capital, he has access to 1111111)’ Hews sources available to few correspondents. This is an- other of his exclusive dispatches.

Iy GURT R3188

ffiviiiglaht. 1m. NEA Service, Inc.) B July 25—-B ecial ‘units

clal standinl. i! such a thing ex- isted at that date. But from long experience she had more knowl- edge of the minor ailments that. afflict humanity, than had the g r. Sonnext I suffereld pom a ca ous . my peope sent me to Miss Watson. She was a tall dark wouum with u cliasslcal face 111K210. rather detafeh- e manner, an wc ycungs rs

always felt awed in. her presence. fgwmgletgg u” “e e1“? "n"

.. _ . Y the three occupying Kfilillinyinbog numb” mun pow!" '0 ‘nmp m“ black mark"

ctiviti . M f th explained that I had a lice eiiniu nriloyw om éaiifmtii 100111 which W115 11611111! wml‘ hemselves involved in the black Gill-d B‘ W0? 811a 11111416 111 115C113 market. A large scale purge will i) 0 ge Q CU 0n WOO , {i011 t ‘ _ a amp o‘ fluid "om a home on s art any day, according to detail

ed lam no in

ll. and came round the counter. e an‘ w be 3 wmked out by “Open your mouth." she com- manded. and. when I did l0. P011811 the wool into the hollow molar. with a match. The pain in the tooth was gone in a tick but my tongue felt scorched and my eyes ivatered. “You ought to fill that tooth," she said. "How?" I - ed. "With gutta-percha." H119 said. producing a little square of chalk-white stuff that looked like unclnzcd china. I took it and What. I owed. "Sixpence! she said briefly. I paid and left as briefly!

Everybody knew about the whltc gutta-percha It was held in a warm place fill it was as soft as putty. the dental cavity was swab- bcd cit-an, and the gutta-llemha prcssed in. Possibly the newer fillings are better, but we had i0 take what we could get in 111MB days. I have seen old fellows with complete sets of gutta-percha incisors anchored to what re- mained of their canines. and was told that they worked ffllrly “'91 on the softer foods. *

Before passing on I want on to look at Miss W.s shoiJ- If H4 a good-sized window. with a yel- iownetained platform inside. The platform sustained three V911’ lame glass globes filled with col- orcd fluid, the ttvo outer deep green, the centre crimson. 011 very rare occasions a bottle of 5ryme proprietary medicine flanked the green globes. Miss W. saved herself a lot of window dressink! The colored globes. which lent n glory to thc pavement when tht‘

a hollow

e four centers of black mar- ket activities near the Reichstag, the Imperial Castle, Alexander- platz and Kurfuerstandamm will soon be wiped out, but authorities fear the black market won't dis- appear. but will simply go under- ground. It may continue thus for

many years.

Russian. American and British 101111 0111i’ the surface of the black markets. but aren't an integral part. The black market exists and has existed for the last five ears in Berlin. because some pecpe have enormous amounts of money and are unable to spend it lekaliy. Others would starve if they couldn't, buy illegally. sun others would perish if they could not make money on the black market. Berlin oflers an ideal background for black market ac- tivities. It has been and still ls a city where "an hing oer."

Just now Ber in is going through a’ period comparable to the inflat- finn 0f the early twenties. As 111011. 18189 881185 trading in cvctgv- 11111111 have formed. An entire Ber- lin underworld. about which the outer world knows almost; nothing. S8115 lmything from a pound of butter to an ounce of morphine. -‘Therblnck_markct took on tcr- rific dimensions after 1941. In thr- sprlnK of 1944 butter cost 200 fllflrlffi. coffee i000 marks, tea 1200 marks. on the black market in the western par; of Berlin. while downtown prices were 30 per cent lower. Shoes cost 30f) to 800 marks. material for a suit 1000 to 2000 marks.

Until the end of the war prices

' Eek

Mar ket Is

Sky ls Limit on Cheap Watches, Jewelry. Cigarellenvope. Chocolate Foods and m,

“Fantastic

JULY so, 1945 ‘if if 1%

For hours before delivery wagon bearing food for hungry Berliners is flue to arrive. housewives 11M

up at the grocery store.

r since average monthly salaries of- stenographers were 200 marks, accountants 350 marks, and un- trained workers 240 marks, before deduction of taxes. One under- ground organization that ket alive l0 illegal operators had lb spend 10,000 marks weekly for food and furnished rooms.

The situation changed some- what when the Russians invaded Berlin. because they took away and pnrtly bin-nod a large amount of German moncy. They also re- quisitimied large stocks of food and- individually looted watches and ewelry.

Ths. together with the large

nigh amounts of money they had be-i marks, which is the only trading without several gambling

cause they hadn't, spent their: yPflPl-s par. maidc them buyers onl ihc black market as well as sell-' ers. As sellers they had as rivals

Black market thrives in face of shortages. afford such luxuries as butter, sugar, tea and coffee.

American troops, who possessed watches. coffee and food rations and soon found out that such goods commanded terrific prices. About a week ago butter sold for 1000 marks, sugar 200 marks. meat 250 marks. Coffee. ‘whose price was lowered in the hope that Americans would import large quantities. cost 500 marks.

Soon the Germans themselves were unable to compete, content- ing themselves to trade and l 2 slight profits. while the Runs. s and Americans were real partners in the black market. are quoted only in dollars. dollar equals l0 occupational

One

money available.

Cigarettes soared to one to two dollars a piece. cost $3 in the United States

Prices now .

Watches which I

Only the very wealthy cu

GEBMANS SWAP

Nobody wants German

iany longer except the 3.3m: {and Americans who can “my.” ‘thcin into rubles and dollars. (in ‘lmans only barter. Phygim" barbcrs and business men w“ goods. You can get your rm] ,r1xed for, one pack of Chutes jflclds. Prostitution is on the but tor system, ton. One chocolate boy gets you anything. i ’l‘r:1fllc in dope is terrific. dopi yhavixig been stolen from German army hospitals and exchanged iq ljewelry or fat, which is panic“. .\lar1y scarce. No t. pm.

clubs m.

discovered by the Military Pa. Tncy are filled with respect.

. ble German business men, on; g livliom told me. “This is the and q

watching them at. their work. Whilelgas was lighted. had come down thus occupied, (says an old tra-lfrom the era of the alchemists 111 ditiont an old woman carrying a remote 1111111865 I 115d ""1 ‘hem basket of eggs, attempted to cross accompanied by glass Jars with in- the bridge and collided with a testinnl worms in fluid. M 9111111

those Germans who. taking ad- vantage of the disorders cf the last days before the fall of Berlin, had robbed warehouses.

were constantly scaring. Black market dealings were concluded in cafes and restaurants. Many for- eign workers were in this business.

brought $300. since the Russians: the world. Wh not have fun?" are insatiable in the demand‘ This is Ber in today. And for timepieces. naively preferring|wozft change before some ordai- cheap but fancy ones, such as,brought into this unbelievably

Fillccl wi*h ballots from British voters at overseas service stations. these bags arc hem: loaded aboard a plane to be flown back to Britain and ccurrcd in the general elecuon tally. Ploizcs of the R. A. F. Trans- port Command flew forty tons cf ballots to voters stationed abroad. then flow tlicm back as they were filled in. lat. : -¢:.." -- ~' ~ --

jCiiuing Réréir v

‘courtroom evidence. Scckinggfdivorcc, she brought in the scarred ‘bcalroomjdoor with whichjshcfs pictured above. and told the court fihat hcrwhusband ccizsfantlyfihrcatencd hcr iifo and repeatedly lthxcw n butcher kziifo nt hcr.‘ He ncvov hit lzcr 1111c said, because - . she dodged bClliflddhCVtiCfll; ~

workman. with (llsastrous result attractions! n

Many persons lived

illegally. and ceded black market fond for

to the eggs, Swhhin seized mp opportunity to show his miracu- lous power and restored the eggs to the old dameis basket, safe and sound! A miracle indeed!

At length tlre day came when the good old man must say fare- well to earth. and he instructed

his brother monks to bury him in a despised corner of the church- yarfi-“wherc passers-by might tread upon his grave and where rain from the eaves might fall upon it." This was done and in this ncglccted spot his remains lay for many years. l

A century passed and the clergy decided to honor the Saint by Nlflfwin! his remains to the in- side of the Cathedral where a suitable shrine could be erected. When the workmen commenced 14> (115!- I1_ heavy rain drove them .rom their task. On the fll0l‘i'i)'»\' they resumed the work, but the rain fell worse than- before. For. forty days this went 0n till the,‘ monks saw that Heaven was Bgflinst their purpose. and so they‘ crcctcd a chapel over the grave and left _its occupant undisturbed. From illlS arose the saying that the weather on Si. Swithins Dav determined the tvcathcr for forty day's thereafter.

To get the right of the matter we ought to R0 bv "Old St. Switn- 11115 Dill”. fol‘ the rnlcntiar has hecn put.‘ forward elevcn days 511150 Saxon times.

i A Garden Escape i In answer to M. Nev-town‘ Cross. the specimen rcccivcd was f1 crcr-gnng plant mslmzichin num- muinriai. a British wild plant some? 11111115 flrown in gardens to cover damp shady spots. It has scv- eral popular names Moneyworl, H9111'1\'~'f1-l1ence. Two-penny Cress, Creeping Jenny. etc. The and thc 1min "nummnla , for to thc two golden flow s. om on each side of the stem at inter- vals. The loaves are roundlsh. and. like the flcuvers. arc opposite one another on the stalk. The rea- son it ls not listed in the "New Flora” is. that it had not been. found growing wild till this spcrl-I mcn rcnchrd mo. I have ijccord- c-d the dntc. locnlitv. and finders Home. for future use. I have this plan‘. in the rock garden, where it is inclined to run rampant. It firlurcs in Nickell's "Botanical Ready Refercncc" as vulncrary, anti-scoifbutic. and astringent. Rustic Dentistry When I was a lad. if I had toothache (commonly known as tyuthwark), there were three courses available One might go to a dentist at Ne-wcastle. after walking four miles to the station and sitting in the train for eight miles. The dentist's raison d'etre was simply n natural aptitude for his profession. for there were no Dent-til Colleges nor Diplomas then. His tools were simple and fcw. and his dentistry was not painless, but he was the best we had at that time.

=spirc till his environment reaches

Insirlc. behind tne counter were ruvvs and rows of tall china i815 inscribed RAIMZING; PULV; this. if they made enormous amounts map and m; other, all mysteries on the black market. The police to the young mind. Miss W..and even the Cvesta allowed its however’ ‘mbem a, f“ u w ca“; members and stool pgeons to make for us m the mam..- o; “quay-we, additional money if their superiors orris and culamus roots, all use- “T19 C111- 111- inl in. chewing in school when the T1115 511111111011 “maistor" u'asn’t looking. The l liquorice. the best of all. had a certain exchange value I181: 111C111 the RAmCAL: became ‘camels rut.“ in the dialect. Ah me! T116 world went verry W911 1119111

which they could have paid only

was fantastic.

Finish Japsf First Job Says Attlee

BY W.W. HERCHER

LONDON, July 36 - (AP) _.. Clement Attlee. victorious leader o; the Labor party. told a. mass mggg. 1118 tonight that “the first thing we have to do is to finish the war With Jillian" and declared that "we must see that our fighting men get all the support that they need."

Addressing a cheering throng of followers. the successor of wuiswn Churchill said he ma been sum- moned to Buckingham Palace to receive instructions from the Klngi to form a new government. A short. time earlier Winston Churchill had felldélwzi the resillnation of hi5 de- feated "caretaker" administration.

Mr At-tlee spoke out for "co- operation with other nations. par- ticularly our great Allies, the Un- ited Stntes of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub- lcs."

The British electorate. he de- clared. realized that. the Labor

y was the only party which could lead Britons to peace abroad and social security at home.

“We never swerve from our con- tentions that we need a new world order to prevent war." he said, add- ing that the party's economic policy would endeavor to raise the stan- dards of life everywhere.

Highly gratified with the results of the general election which gave Labor a smashing victory over the Coiréservatives. the 62-year-old Attlce sa :

"I and my colleagues fully real- ize the magnitude of thg task which faces us.

"This ls the first time in the history of the country that Labor? has ever had n clear maiority. nndl it will enable us to implement the policy laid down by the socialist party.”

No Change In Exchange Rate-llsley

OTTAWA, July 96 - (Ci?)

Climate and Civilization

It has been frequently stated in this column. that climate. 1n some desk-es. ls responsible for na- tional temperament. A thoulllf- iul essay along these lines. by DJVlCl Brunt. M.A-. Soil. F315. appears in the London magazine “Endeavour?

The human body. bill's D1‘- Brunt. works best when the in- lcrlinl temperature ls W111 98 11°" gi-ccs F, and any marked devia- iion from this temperature leads to discomfort and in extreme cases to death. From various causes. ‘covrcver. a man shivcrl118 111 W111’ ier’s cold. has almost the same body-temperature as he who pre- spircs under the sultry heat of summer. If fully clothed he re- clincs indoors. he does not per-

about 84 deg it. but bellow that temperature there is all ' 11511-119 loss of moisture. as vapor throveh the skin and the walls of the lungs. It does not wet the skin. r-xccpt the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, and is usu- ally stated to be 4-5th to 1 and 1-2 pint per day according to the in- dividual. In the active sweating of a football game one may lose 9 pints per hour. Such is part of tho mechanism for cooling the hcdy and maintaining ari even temperature.

The lowest temperatures found lclcrable or even comfortable are not so easily fixed. It l§ agreed that 60 deg. F. is cool and 50 deg. f". is "cold" The COld fgqion (i.f‘., below 50) may 131? sub-divided. if the air has a rela- tive humidity above 85 per cent it is "raw". the discomfort aris- ing from the condensation of wat- er vapor in the clothes and the consequent cooling of the body by convection. On the other hand. dry air with a relative humidity of 25 per cent gives that stinflllll cold that we call "keen".

Saturated or nearby saturated air is unpleasant at all t/empflfl" Lures; at '70 deg. P‘. it becomes op- pressive and as the thermometer rises the feellnG of Oppression becomes more marked A881". short exposure to dry air is found to be rather stimulating. but a longer exposure is irrltutinl. lead- ing tc headaches. depression. lfwk of energy. and a strong tendency to become quiarrclsome. Here Dr. Brunt gives 115 the first glimpse of the effect of climate upon con- duct.

It is estimated that in b14811!

l

jiriiiéiifiéai; reserves of

On the} other hand, regular food stnrcs didn't get any more food and tiills the public was forced to go on thc blac market, more than before. Since they had almost no money left-bank accounts having been frozen and money having been stolen-a large scale barter system developed.

Thcn came the British and

‘i: Q United States dollars was wrong. The reserves had . creased but so had Canadian debts to the United States, largely through purchase of Canadian bonds by Americans.

The agreements the government proposes to ask parliament, to 1p- prove at the coming session are those to create:-

1. An international monetary fund through which currencies of part- icipating countries will be ex- changeable at fixed rates.

2. An lniunational bunk for re- construction and development which will make and guarantee long term loans to countries in need of cap- ital for reconstruction from war! damage and general economic de-! vciopnicnt

In conjunction with his an.- nouncement Mr. Ilsley said ex- change control will continue in Canada at least until the monetary fund agreement becomes fully op- erative. There may be some delay in this because it is recognized that all countries may not be able to assume their full obligations as soon as the fund comes into existence.

Canada's contribution to the monetary fund will be $300.000.000 in United States currency of which $76,000.000 will be put up in gold

Mickey Mouse watches. {confusion and before the Germnu

In the meantime. to hcighiczi the confusion, genuine dollars arc traded at 300 marks, the pound sterling accordingly. The black market has become so fantastic it is almost unreal. One soldier sold his cheap watch. telling me

States."

beHTbTilEliTiFE '

COMMON COLD AFFECTS _ MORE WOMEN THAN MLN

Surve Shows Consistently More Colds Among Office Vvnrkers Than Among Factory Workers.

’i‘he common cold affects more women than men. employees much harder than fac-

year study conducted by Joseph H. Kler. M. D., of New Brunswick. N.

J.

Dr. Kler‘: report. appearing in a. recent issue of Arch ves of Om- laryrigology, published by the Am- erican Medical Association, cov-

and the remainder in Canadian funds. Canadian participation _in thednternntional bank has been fixed M; $325.000.000 iii United States funds The government be- lieved thc two institutions would do much to facilitate world econ- omic reconstruction.

THORNLESS GOOSEBEREIIS (Expefmental Farm News)

The most disagreeable operation in the growing of gooscberries is harvcsting. The thorns 0n the branches are cruelly sharp and. unless gloves are Worn, the hands and arms are likely to be severely lacerated. To brced gooseberrles whose bushes are not armed with thorns would be a wonderful help to the pickers A program directed towards this end was instituted n number of years ago by the Divis- ion of Horticulture. Central Exper- imental Farm. Ottawa. The thorn- less character was obtained from a spineless plant of the species Ribcs oxyucnnthoides. A native 0f Can- ada from cast to west. says DI. A W S Hunter. Division of Hort- iculture. Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada.