~ saved. Montgomery drove h

bombing operations, which . taken heavy toll of enemy installa-

‘ pllllNTmfi NEWS

EDUCATIONAL REFORMS IN ONTARIO l

llcArthur Ontario “Scuba-imam l... wo-

Curient Events

gfififfilfifniimiifili 5°.’ é? W l». or" of Norway is King “brown Prince of Norway

Olaf. ‘Tgitelnglanadian High Commission-

u- 1n Britain is Hon. Vincent “fifiii-l strong-arm specialist

mm,» a Chief Heinrich Himm- mThs King of Bulgaria is Kins

is. BOT-he commnnder-iri-chief of the Ggfmiin Navy is Grand Admiral Kari Doenitz.

FROM ALAMEIN TO

Quly ten months a o Auchin- [cell's Eighth Army, a attered re- mnant of its former self, was fall ing back to El Alarnein, only 60 miles from Alexandria. Auchin- leck had opened an offensive against Rommel. had been severe- 1y defeated, had been driven to Aiamein. The situation was very

ave. In this moment of crisis gr l-larold Alexander was given supreme co and and Sir Bern- ard Montgomery took over the command of the defeated, dis- heartened Eighth Army. Rommel started the push that was to take Baez and the whole Near East for Hitler. Four days he fought and then fell back. General Mont- gomery's Eighth Army had won this decisive battle. Eg t was from ll Alamein across the desert ‘n-iplii. Montgomery end his fem ous Eighth Army reached the lfareth Line. Royal Engineers, working under heavy fire, built a roadway for tanks and artillery across the Wadi Zigzan, which lies across the front of the Maretll

THE PACIFIC

The first signs of major air activity by the Japanese in some months in the southern Pacific were shown in April. Three raids were made in force on New Guinea bases — Oro Bay, Port lforcsby, Milne Bay. The raids were aimed at hampering the Axlllged

ve

tions and shipping, in recent The Allied offensive.

TUNIS AND BIZERTE

-A SATURDA

h! load at any university “will!!! 001188 or normal in the province.

Dr. McArthur has r posed a that the minimum payfor teach- ers in Ontario be raised from t0 $800‘ a year. Since the pre- paration for life of the next gen- eration of Canadian citieens lies in the hands of the teachers, and since the service requires a ial qualifications. the profession s olild be adequately rewarded.

‘JFJ.

The Bey 0! Tunis is Sidi La- mine. he succeeds Sidi Mohammed A1 Mounsaf.

The German Air commande is General Kesselring.

The Mexican Government has established a. consulate in Canada. Signor Carlos Calderon is the Con- sul-General.

The Premier of Ontario is now Hon. Harry Nixon,

Hon. E. C hlannlng, Provincial

Secretary of Alberta is acting Premier. Premier Aberhart died May 22.

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto the Japanese Navy's commander-in- chief author of the Pearl Harbour attack was killed last month. The new commailder-in-chief is Koga.

Line. A wadi is a river bed which is dry in certain seasons. This flanking move, timed to occur with the storming of the line by the Eighth Army, succeeded in driving RommeYs forces from Gabes, When Geiman resistance in Southern Tunisia collapsed, Mahares and Sfax were abandoned by Rommel with little effort to defend them. Allied air forces dominated the sky and pounded the enemy night and day. Allied pilots hit bases in Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia. Ships, repair shops. dry docks. supply piers, warehouses, and factories were wrecked. American columns advancing from Gafsa towards Gabes Joined forces with the Bri- tish Eighth Army. The capture of Mateur on May 3rd was one of the outstanding achievements of the ie collapsed, Mohares and Bizerte wore captured on May the 8th. A few days later on May 12th the German troops cut off on the Tunisian mainland by a British break-through across the base of Cap Bon Peninsula surrendered un- conditionally to the Allies.

the islands west of New Guinea. bombed 6 merchant ships and 3 warships attempting to reinforce Wewak. Japanese base on the north coast of New Guinea Two of the merchant ships were sunk and two others heavily damaged. General MacArthur warned that a great Japanese combat fleet was being maintained at; Truk. three days distance by ship from New Guinea, and that there were concentra- tions of merchant shipping in the

months. v ch has extended from the Northern Solomons to Raboul and

BOLIVIA DECLARES WAR

Bolivia has joined Brazil as the second country in South America to make a declaration of war ‘alfainst the Axis Nations. (Brazil

d not declare war against Ja- ban). President Penaranda left

RUS

in Russia, spring mud reduced the activity of both armies to a minimum. Only at the far south-

em end of the battleline was there considerable action. I-lere the Red Army seized another Nazi strong- glut on the supply road beyond

e Sea of Asov. The chief oo- jective is Novorossisk, former Soviet Black Sea naval base. Before Binolensk, rains have made the tupply problem of the Red Army difficult. Repair of the re-captured’

THE RED RIVER

This rebellion need never have taken place. Along the Red River was a colony of French half- breeds wilo claimed the) land they occupied through their Indian mothers. They were alarmed by the surveyors who came to survey the new province of Manitoba. These surveyors broke u their rib- bon-like farms into locks. It

REBELLION, 1870

Raboul area.

May 1st to confer with U. S. oi’- ficials in Washington on Bolivias part in the United Nations war programme. All countries in South America, except Argentina. have broken relations with the Axis powers.

SIA

Rzilev-Velikiye Lukl rail line was rushed to completion. For a thous and years Smolensk has been a centre of trade for the great plain between Poland and Moscow. Dur- ing mediaeval days it was a stop- over on the Vikings river route from the Baltic to Constantinople and the Black Sea. It dominates an elevated region where the V0.- ga, the Dvira, and the Dneiper have their sources. The area grows large crops of flax and supports many towns and villages.

. The half-breeds found u IggldlégrIn Louis Riel who had been trained for the priesthood. He hoped to found a French-Canadian Republic on the Red River. The rebels barred the new Governor of the new province (Manitoba) just as he was entering the border town of Pembina. MacDougall, the new Governor, was forced to return to St. Paul. All over Con- Mifl sympathy was shown to the

happened that the Roman Catho- lic Bishop Taclie was out of

no trusted person to advise themu, A group of Americans in St. Paul) hoped that if a rebellion broke| out tile United States might 1111"‘ a chance to step in and take the

THE SECOND NORTHWEST REBELLION. 1885

This rebellion was caused by the arrival of surveyors on the banks

of the Saskatchewan River. The Indians remembered llow their ‘(11111118 had brought trouble in

Manitoba. They were puzzled aild alarmed by the new C.P.R. and the consequent destruction of the herds 0f buffalo on which they depend- ed for food. Their requests to the Dominion Government for schools Ind churches had gone unheeded ind besides Louis Riel was back once more in their midst. The Ilrst event in the Rebellion was the‘ "Pulse of a detachment of Mount- ed Police at Duck Lake. An ex- pedition was then sent out under General Middleton. Big Bear then massacred the whites at Fro);

RAI

1- What is eva ration?

A111. The absorp ion of water (as Vlbolir or water gas) by the air. WZ- Wlllcii holds more moisture,

‘"111 0r cold air?

5111- glarm air.

- at ca ive “mm”. uses rainfall? G “Q1111 The chilling of moisture —— “to air. Rain is produced when "£111 moisture-laden air strikes "m! si e of a mountain and ' chilled. In the Doldrums ""21. moisture-laden air ls cool- , Y 111mg. and it rains almost V"! days

org-logic the couse of atoms. of

is west to east

But in March Riel ordcr-

An ex- Sil‘ Garnet Woiseley and in AHZUST- reached i-‘ort Garry but Riel aild his followers fled.

Lake and at Cutknife Creek. Poundmaker repulsed Col. 0W!!- at Fish Creek. too. the regulars were (‘her-iced but reinforcclncrlts arrived and the rebel comp at Bntochc was stormed. R101 111"! his friends were token prlsorsrs and lntci" at Regina tried for treason. Rn‘ and eight other In- dians were hanged. BIB B8111‘ "m1 Poundmakcr were sent to P118011-

A general Indian uprising was thus averted and good results-s as folllowElle Indians were 111W" 1"" title deeds for their lands. 2. The Northwest Territories were tg V651 representation in Parliamfin .w Attention was directed to t c ca . 4. The Mounted Policc foicc was increased.

NFALL

crosses the occoll it is moisture- laden, and as it rises at tile litslln centre and cools this mo stir: falls as rain. (The Worm 1111 1‘ the storm centre rises) the illrush- ing cooler air is heated as it all" preaches the centre and drawn 11D to fill the vncuum left- by "19 ‘l?’ ing of hot air. Cyclone! m‘ whirling storms of srcat 1111",“ l moving across the country r011

Ii. Why do. countries which have frequent storms have also 91°11“ ful rainfall?

Ans. ti. Bee answer to No. 4.

d. In what direction d0 storm centres of North Ame usually move?

THE CHARIDTTETOWN GUARDIAN

THE EDUCA TIONAL HORIZON

Y FEATURE~

blow from north-east or south- Anmdnasoflowpressura which

IIBIIAOHII CSIJIJOI

use from the west. to

QDOO Oil!‘

I80 storms begin with winds blowing

toward these from the north-east or south-east. After the storm

centre has ha "clearing" grtuhlfgeetwaiar It?“ 5 west wind,

3- 13111118111 why the mercur in the barometer falls before a sgorm

Circulation is the regular of the blood to all parts of the body. It consist of two parts: (a) The long or Body Circula- tion which carries the bright pure blood from the heart to all parts

of the body, to renew the w l- out tissue and to cart the re use aek to the

or worn out matter heart.

(b) The Pulmonary or Short circulation which carries the im pure, waste-laden (venous) blood from the heart to the lungs, to be purified. and then carries it back to the heart.

Blood is a fluid which circulates through the body, renewing the tissues. and carrying away the waste matter. It is composed of n colorless fluid called plasma, and ilumberlese little discs called cor- puscles. Tile Plasma contains fibrin and albumen, and many kinds of minerals, such as lime and phosphorus. all of which go to renew tile various parts of the body. The Corpuscles are (l) red.

l. The Iireat—the centre of tho system. b. The Arteries -- the vessels

which carry the blood from the heart.

c. The Veins-the vessels which carry the blood to the heart.

d. The Capillaries-arterial and venous—the minute hair-like blood vessels which connect the arteries with the veins. and complete the circuit. Some of them are so fine that only one corpuscle of blood

Mosquitoes develop only in water and pass through four distinct life-stages: Namely. the egg, larva, pupa and adult. The eggs, of which one female may lay several hundreds, are deposited on water or in low places where water col- lects. The tiny. active larvae which hatch from the eggs are commonly known as "wrigglers." The larvae feed on minute forms of animal and vegetable life and decaying organic matter in the water. The more common species breathe largely through a tubular organ at the end of the body vl/fllcli is thrust at frequent intervals through the surface-of the water. When full grown, the larvae trans- form into pupae. The pupa. which is somewhat similar in shape to a large-headed comma. does not feed but is able to move actively in the water. It breathes through two respiratory trumpets on the -thurax applied to the surface of

(a) Underline the form in the following.

1. I (got, received) your letter a week ago.

2. (Has he, has he got) any more apples to sell? -

3. When are you going to (teach, learn) me to read?

4. Please (leave. let) her alone now and (let, leave) her sleep.

5. (Do you have, have you) a

correct verb

pen

6. I-Ie (got. received) a great sur- prise when I appeared.

7, My brother (learned, taught) me to swim.

8. They (haven't got, have no) money left.

9. Father, please (leave, let me go tonight).

10. The children (have got, have) measles now.

i1. (Leave, let) me have some money.

12. (Leave. let) the book there.

13. I l\‘Oll'l'. have any ttme, have no time) for conversation.

l4. His sister is (learning. teach- ing) him bookkeeping.

15. They (don't have ally, have no) ideas on the subject.

(b) Underline the correct forms in the following sentences:

i. I have (saw. seen) you fre- quently. 2. I-Ic (bid, bade) his friends farewell. 3. This is thc best meal I have ever (ate. eat- en). 4. Have you (drunk, drank) all your milk? Yes, I (drank. drunk) it nil. 5. (Aren't. ain't) you going too? 6. ‘The fire had soon (broke, broken) out again. 9. I-lo

In the second stanza we first heal the llistailt roll of drums rumbling, then about line four or five we begin to hear the sound of an army ill tile distance ap- proaching, by line twelve the army is up to us with nil its clash and clangor and as the verse closes its lull clan-or is all around us. The llext two stanzas take us to the " ‘lammed -l garden. Note the’ seductive splendor described and how the rhythm is made to ex- press this; but there is a sensation as you read it, that behind it all is a "certain something" that you cannot explain as if something were going to happen.

THE BATTLE

l. How does Prescott arouse in tcrcst in previous history and legend in des- cribing tile scone of his present story. (Answer) Hy reference to pnst historical events: “As the fleet swcp‘. down the Ionian Sea. it passed many a spot famous in ancient story. None we may ima- gine. would be so lkely to excite an interest at this time as Actium."

(s) Which account gives you the sensation of the battle more clear- ly? Which tells you most about the battle? Answer. The poetry account gives the sensation or ems)- tlon of the battle. The prose ac- count tells the most about the

AS YOU

(l) Explain the underlined phrases:

(a) Hath not. old custom made

this life more sweet. Than that of painted pomp.

“11- Biol-ms are b h vier ‘u. no CI Y O8 can ‘ll shallo-

A . Pro west to east. gnsmpiam why our storm Wind‘-

Old custom. bong experience or g used to. This Life. The

- a bright red color. and is

YIEWS OI!‘ INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

and rises as an indication of fair wea .

Ans. Low pressure areas are storm centres. for the surrounding air rushes in to take its place. When the pressure is low the mer- cury in the barometer falls be- cause the weight of the air in the other arm is less. When the air is dry and cool it weighs more and the mercury rises.‘

i). What is a tornado

A tornado is a

it Ans. local storm of great violence.

THE CIRCULATION OF TI-IE BLOOD

(2) white. The rad oorpuscies are so numerous that they give the color to blood. These cor- uscles also carry oxygen from the ungs to the parts of the body which are to be renewed, and then carry the waste matter from these parts back to the heart and lungs to exchange the impurities for loads of oxygen. The pure blood, charged with oxygen, is of called arterial blood. The impure, or venous blood, which is returning from the body, is of a dark color and is charged with carbonic acid gas and worn out tissue.

Coagulation is the clotting of the blood when it is exposed to air. This clot is composed of the fibrin of the plasma, and the corpuscles which have been caught in these fine threads. This clotting checks and stops the flow of blood, in cases of accident. If the blood is too thin it will not clot, and then a slight,wound becomes dangerous.

THE ORGAN OF CIRCULATION

can pass at a time. and the walls are so thin that the oxygen and carbonic acid g d other im- purities can pass through. It is here that the renewing of the tissues goes on. The little cor- puscles giving up their supply of oxygen and taking in a load of im purities. start back to the heart

and lungs. The arteries se arate into capillaries. The cap llaries unite into veins.

(To Be Continued)

THE LIFE-HISTORY OF MOSQUITOES

the water. Transformation of the insect into the win ed adult oc- curs within the pupa skin. When the mosquito is ready to emerge. air is taken into the pu al case causing it to float. The s in then sglits along the upper surface and t e mosquito makes its exit, rest- ing on the water or nearby vege- tation until ready to fly away. The aquatic life stages of mosquitoes vary considerably, depending on species, temperature and other coil- ditioils, and may be as short as one week or as long as several weeks or even months. It is dur- ing these stages that ‘mosquitoes are most vulnerable to control measures. The winged forms live from a few days to several months. Both sexes feed on plants juices. but the female of’ most Canadian species also drink blood, and at-

LITERATURE (LEPANTO)

tack man and other warm-blooded animals. including poultry and other birds.

EXERCISE IN GRAMMAR

has (drew, drawn, drawed) a very attractive landscape. 10. I (did. done) tho work myself. ll. He drove faster than he had ever (drove. driven) before. l2. You have (tore, torn) your dress.

13. Has she ever (showed, shown) you her jowcls? 14. Yes. she (show- ed, shown’ them to me yesterday. l5. I have (did, done) all I can. l6. Has he (wrote. written) to you yet? 1'1. Hazel (sang, sung) bet- ter last night than she has ever (sung, sang) before. 18. The swal- lows have (flew. flown) south. lil. The ship must have (sank, sunk) very quickly. 20, It (sank, sunk) before help could come. 2i. I have already (drung. drank) two cups of coffee. 22. I (knowed, knew) that you could not do it. 23. I had it (wrote, written) before I came to school. 24. Much water has (flowed, flown) under this bridge since we (saw. seen) each other.

(c) Select the verbs in the In- dicative mood in the following:

1. Spring follows winter. 2. ‘The fairies dance in the moonligt. 3. If it were so, it was a grevlous fault. 4. Though they suffer, they do not complain. 5. I acted thus when he was here. 6. If he were guilty he deserved punishment. '7. We refused to obey his orders. B. I gave you this book that you night studv vour lessons. 9. All thinge that love the sun are out of doors. 10. The birds that ain't

brothel". I

This is the Sultalfs forbodfng that some calamity is about to happen. Read through the re-‘ mainder of the poem aloud and’ try to catch the changing sounds and emotions portrayed by tho poet for yourself.

(l) Explain: "For that which: was our trouble comes agabl out

of the West."

(2) Explain: "And above the ships are alaces of brown, black bearded ch efs, down to like a race in sunken cities, like a nation in the mines."

3. "The blood-red crescent-"why the crescent."

4. Wliy is the expedition to Le- panto called a crusade?

OF LEPANTO

battle.

(3) which is the more interest-

ing to rend? Answer. This of course depends largely on taste. I think the poetical account the more in- teresting. ' (4) l-iow does Prescott make his historical account interesting? Ans- wer‘. By giving interesting details such as: “At length the watch on the foreto of the Rcal called out" ‘a sail‘l" ut. Don John cut short the discussion. "Gentlemen," he said "this is the time for combat, not for counsel."

By giving the details of what the Christians regarded as good omens.

LIKE IT

) most sweetly are most loved. l1. IiACt II? (A1111) The K1118 and hi5 wish that lle were as clever as his lfmy hill/B 1e“ 15118111116. Cfflsstd $9

l gun the sieg (3)

A. Objective:

specified. THIS ORDER:

the following:

fur-in ciaI

the factory production

and soda fountains; (6)

L

dancing '

chauffeurs.

MEN COVERED BY ORDER:

has reached age 19. (b)

194-0, was:

children.

1940, has been divorced senaraterl

I-Iuilsriiaav Mrrcusu, Minister of Labour

m he Garden of Eden Kiwi?“ 310d tthat henceforth he must win his bread or living by the sweat of his brow. (2) Explain fully: And this our life, exempt from public haunt. Finds tongues in trees, books in