llAS'1§Aii.l)’b GAZI

2’l"|‘l<‘.. JANUARY 16.

laid upon the road. Above the Col. the main trunk proceeds over the plateau of Sebnstopol, following nearly the direction of the railway, crossing the Woronzo road up to the camp of the light division, on the extreme right. Here the difficulties are ofa different character, and the surface and geographical formation changes from deep clay valleys and plains and carhonife- rous limestone rock hills to a comparatively uniform surface of a very plastic retentive clay; on examination Mr. Doyne found this did not exceed an average of 18 inches deep, and that underneath there is alight rubbly oolitic limestone rock, similar to that in the neighbourhood of Stroud, Glou- ceatershire. The whole of the clay was removed for a. width of 3'3 feet, and a solid foundation was found, upon which the road is securely constructed by paving and ine- talling it with the parts of the oolite rocks which had becotne harder by exposure to the weather, and for the worst parts hard metal has been brought from the other dis- trict. It was opened for trallie in 43 days frotn the time of its commencement. There was no gradient upon it worse than I in I7 and it is ititended to erect mileposts, and if possible, to affix lanterns to them, which will be found very useful in the dark win- try nights which are approaching. SA'l‘UltDAY,. Dec. 8.—A dreadful gale passed over us last night. Matty huts and tents were blown down all over the camp.

1 r

SUltltENl)l-In or Kins.

We have just received intelligence from St. Petersbnrg, dated the 16th in- stant, which places beyond doubt the per- fect correctness of the information, exclu- sively announced by the Morning Post, of the fallot Kars.

The following is the Russian despatch .- —“ Kars surrendered to General Mourn- vieff on the '28th November. VassefI’as- cha, other Turkish Pachas, and General Williams, together with the whole of the garrison, are prisoners of war.”

News received at Constantinople from the Turkish Division, under Selim Pacha, which had been sent offto the relief of Kara, states that the division had not been able to advance.

The table lands of Armenia were cover- ed with snow.

Despatcbes brought by a courier from Omar Paella’: army announces that the Generalisimo had not yet attacked Kutais, and that the head-quarters of the army had been removed to Redoubt Kale.

The troops now under Omar Pacha’s command number 40,000 men, but the transport service was found to be very difficult on account of the season.

Mingrelia and Gouriel are entirely oc- cupied by an Ottoman army of 40,000 men.

Another despntcli says, that Omar Pas- cha’s plans may be considerably modified by the fall of Kars. lndependeiitly of his army, the Turks have only 21,000 men in Asia.

The Brealau Gazette publishes a letter from St. Pctersburg, containing extracts from the Caucase and the 'I‘ifliser Blattc, both published at Tiflis, relative to the siege of Kars. The writer says, that early in November the blockaded garrison vol- untarily surrendered 15 Russian prisoners and one ctllieer, obviously for the pur- pose of diminishing the number ofmotitlis to be fed, although at the risk of expo- sing the extremity of their condition. He then praises the happy audacity of Gene- ral Susslow’a advance upon the Droen Dagh, which so“ imposed” on the Turk- ish commander, Vcly Pacha, that he ab- andoned the hope of relieving the garr- ison. It would have been, he says, very easy to relieve Kars soon after the 29th of September, but the attempt was defer- red, until Mouravielf had had time to re- cruit his army. The St. Petersburg cor-

to surrender, the enteprise of Omar Pacha will have fallen to the ground General Mouravieff will not have earned any great renown, but the moral effect on the Turkish army and its foreign offi- cers. so helplessly abandoned by the au- llmrilics at Constantinople, will be im- mense. That army, however, may take to itself credit for having held the Russ- ian nriny of Asia in check, until a season when it must suspend the further prosc- cutioii of its plans.

The park of artillery at Kars, when it surrendcretl, iitttnbcred 120 ticld-pieces mid a few siege guns. The garrison is believed to have been about ll}.0lltl Strong. The dctilcs between Kitrs and l'}rzuroum are held by the ltussiuusf

Gill/',grit:t/Iis illus-.vert,g'c2' says:——"'|'lie town of Kars itsclfis but a cotimetzatioti ofliuts and squalid (l\V'lllll'5’lltlllSti’iS. do- niinated by ati ancient Gcnoese citadel, long since in rtiiiis and nnsuscvptihlo of tlezvnce. The llussians would obtain no plunder, for the inhabitants are poverty stricken. The companion of Kmcty will probably have been t.‘em~i‘alColnien, for- iucrly chit-fof the staff inHungary, who replaced (lenerul (iuyon in the capacity of head ofthe stalfat liars. Thisotlicer is one of the best tacticinns oftheday, as l\'mety is one of the bravest and most brilliant of infantry commanders. The only other Hungarian officers who would itictir this danger of being delivered up to Austria by the Russians are Baron Sclitvztrtzeiiburgli and Major Tasclilcr. The latter has probably accompanied the two generals iti their escape provide such has really taken place)! whilst the fortiicr would shelter himself from the animosity of the enemy under his Bel- gian nationality.”

Till} PEACE RUMOURS.

The following despatcli, dated Vienna. the l7tli inst., has been received :—" Count Esterhazy left Vienna yesterday (Sunday) night, for St. Petersburg, with orders to return inunediately. should the Austrian propositions, of which he is the bearer, not to be accepted by the Russian Government.”

The Times Paris correspondent states that the difference which existed between the French and English Governments re- lative to the conditions on which they would make peace with Russia, are ter- minated. The propositions which Count Esterhazy will have to communicate to M. De Nesselrode are such as are conside- red acceptable by England and France. Opinion is divided as to the result of the mission, but the majority incline to the belief, that Russia will not accept the pro-

ositions: and ifshe pcrsevcres in the de- termination expressed not many weeks since, the Times correspondent fears that that opinion will prove to be correct. Not long since, the Prussian Minister at St. Petersburg had a long interview with Nesselrode, and urged an arrangement, but was unsuccessful. Nesselrode replied, Russia will never treat while there isa single foreign soldier on her territory.

:__a_j Mr. Enwsnn Oi.ivss‘s AFFAIRS.-W0 under- stand that, the statement which has been gain the round ofthe papers to the eliect that Mr. Oliver's estate will only pay 2s (id in the poun is perfectly erroneous. 't‘hc creditors have already received a dividend of 2s (id in the pound ; and, in addition, we may remark that all vessels belonging to the estate already sold, and purchased with his (Mr. Oliver's bills at 10s in the pound, were purchase with a bankcr’s guarantee to return 2s (id in the ound,if the estate ays To 6d. and 5s, it‘it pays ya in the pound. ere is also to be taken into consideration the fact that the freights earning by the vessels in the government employ in the Black Sea have yet to be handed over to the trustees. In addition to this, there are also several ships belonging to the estate yet unsold.

respondent, who necessarily writes in ig- norance of the fall of Kars,concludes thus: . —Should Kara however, be compelled’

An establishment has been formed at Scutnri. as a branch of the War-oﬁce, for the purpose of examining and auditing the accounts of the Turkish Contingent.

THE rwssim ARMY. '

Russia has put; forth this year, if not the whole, at least the greater part of her strength and of her military resources. ller army ready for activity consisted of more than 1,000,000 men, :25tl,000 of which were either in the tﬁrimea or upon the Daiinbe, 150,000 occupied the Cult- casns, 2.'i0,0.‘)0 were disseminated in Po- land, 130,000 in Finland and on the Bal- tic t'.0:l,SlS_. and 250,000 held the garrisons of the interior. To these should be added -lll,0‘ll) or 5tl,00.l sailors and niarincs, zind the Cossacks of the line. The losses amongst these troops are set down as t'ollo\vs:——Tlie cholera and other maladies have carried otfncarly half the men who occupied the Danube. The Caiicasiaii;

- army has snll'cred gmitly, not alone l)yl

war, but from the necessity of sending re-1 lllli)l't3()ltlCIll.S to tieneral il‘l0lll‘JVl0ll', who‘ comp!:iine:l of being left to want both- soldiers and provisions, and who cspcci-l ally called out to the home governmentl for artillery. A proof of the immense losses in the remainder of the arniy is to he adduced from the fact of the students of the university llll.VlIt'_{ been 1tlllll0l‘l.'\t: to take ollicers‘ rank at once, and that without passing any exaniiuution, going successively throng any inferior grades up to the higher ones, or receiving any education in any of the military colleges of the empire.

000 nsroarsn coxsriiucv IN RUSSIA.

The Paris Palrie says, that to the external diﬂicultics she has to contend with, Russia is about to become 1| prey to internal dissentions ofa. most serious cliaracter. Private informa- tion enables the Palrie to state. that It conspir- acy has broken out in the heart of the empire to overthrow the government of the Czar. Members of the first families are, as usual, to be found among the conspirators. The Patric not indicating the source from whence this intelligence extraordinary is deriyod, it should be received with the greatest caution.

The gunboat ﬂotilla for next year's campaign in the Baltic will be commanded by Captain the lion. H. Keppel (Commodore), Captain (écorge Elliot, Captain Yolverton, and Captain

cy.

Tho Prme d’0rz'ml states that the Czar, on looking on the ruins ofSebastopcl, exclaimed- “Peace, now, is impossible." _

The Emperor of the French has received a letter from the President of the republic of Costa Rica.congrntulating his Majesty on the taking of Sebastopol,

Each of the captains selected to command the gunboat and mortar-boat ﬂotilla for_the ensuing year’s campaign will have a line-cl-battle ship armed en_/lute, as a store and depot ship, attach- ed to his squadron.

Five steam-gunboats, lately launched, are ﬁtting out in the East India Docks. They are named the Victor’, I-Jiuanuel, Wanderer, l"“'°Pi0 Griper,and Emerald.

Mr. Laird, the shipbuilder of Liverpool, has received an order from government to build fourteen gunboats, ten of the close 230 tons and 106 feet long, and four, 212 tons and 100 feet ong.

The Opinions of Turin states, that the num- ber of males lately bought in Piedmont for the British Government amounts to 4500, of_which 3000 have been already shipped to the Crimea.

In recently digging out foundations in the Crimea for hats, at good many snakes have been fotind, about six feet in length, green in colour, white bellies, small tails, and tlat-headed like the "bush-master.”

The ethos for enrolling volunteers in the Anglo-Swiss Le ion, which was opened at Hun- ningcn in May act, has already enlisted 2200 men. The otlico is established at the Hotel du Corbeau; the English flag waves over the house.

During: the siege of Sebastoptll the French army nionc ﬁxed l,ti00.00J shot; and their trcnclwrd extended sixty miles, and in their cunwructioti 800,000 gabiona and 1.000.000 sandbags were expanded: and during the sit-_;e 1500 cannon ofall sizes and mortars were used.

l Cardinal Wisoman contradicts the report ot

his appointemcnt as librarian of tho Vntician.

Reruns or France Tnoors raoia run CRIMEA.-MAKBIILLIS, Dr.-c. t2.—Troopa continue to return in large numbers from the army in the Crimea. The American clipper Titan entered the port this after- noon, having on board 1150 men of various regiments whose period of service has expired, and who have received their dis- charge. They cheered heartily as the ship entered the harbour. The Titan sailed from Kamiesch the 13th of November; Constantinople, the 16th; and Malta, the l9th Notwitlistanding a rough and tedi- tilt:-' lltlszlilgfl, there is not a sick man on board. The American clipper Edward Stringer arrived yesterday, with 1000 men ofthe 50th Regiinent of the line. They

‘are in good health, but they appear to have

been severely worked and not over-fed. The British steamer City of \Vashington arrived from Kamiesclt on Sunday last, with the staffand 750 i-ank and file of the 97th ltegitnt-.nt of Infantry. The 97th is one of the regiments which suffered most severely during the siege of $ebasto-

ol. \Vheu they marched through Mar- seilles on Monday, and displayed their colours, riddled with Russian shot, they were loudly cheered by the people.

On Wednesday, 500 artisans, handicrafts- mcn, and navvies, very carefully selected for the duties which they will lmve to dis- charge, embarked with.thcir oflicers on board the Jtira steam transport, and pro- ceeded at an early hour on 'l‘luirsday direct to the Crimea. They form it portion of Sir Joseph Paxton’s army works corps.

Miss Nightingale has been in the habit of sending home weekly considerable sums (often as much as £200 or £300 a-weekly), made up of small ones of 20s or 30s which soldiers beg- ged her to remit.

General Todtlcbcn met with an cnthusiaatic reception on arriving at St. Petersburgb a few days since. A dinner was given him b the Grand Duke Nicholas and the generals and oﬂiccra of the army at Sebastopol. who happen- ed to be staying at the moment in the capital.

We have a reserve force at Malta to reinforce the army in the Crimea of upwards of 10,000 effective man, to which place alone infan drafts are in the first instance to proceed, with the exception of the Guard, who go direct to their brigade.

The Genoa Gazelle announces that on the 11th a French steamer entered the port of La Spezia, on her way to Marseilles wit a rise, having captured a Russian vessels of Leg orn, sailing under Tuscan colours.

The Duke of Argyl has decided to send out immediately instructions to the olﬁcers of the army post otiice in the East, to open money-or- der otlices, for the transmission of money to the United Kingdom, at Const.antinople,Scutari the head-quarters of the army, and at Balak-

two.

The Emperor of Russia, it is said, in his late journey to and from the Crimea, discovered, both in the military and civil departments, 5 great deal of corruption and dishonesty, added to irregularities of every kind.

A V1-INERABLE young gentleman, four years old, recently threw his maternal re- lative into a fit of admiration by the follow- ing speech :—“ I like ’ most all kinds of cake—-pound cake, sponge cake, and jelly cake, but I don’t like stomachaclie.”

M as are not attracted by highly-accom- plished women, so much as by truly natur- al and nrtless women —wonien sufl'icient- ly well cdticatcd to be able to speak and write accurately, and suﬂiciently child- ish not to despise common things.

A DI-ILICATE HINT To run Fun Sax- -—Tlie best illustration ofa woman in a hurry is undoubtedly a lady in a bustle!

" Ma,” said little Wilhelmina, “ I don’t think Solotnon was so rich as they say he was.” “ Why, my dear ?” said her as- tonished mother . “ Because he ‘ slept with his fathers ;’ and I think if he had been so very rich he would have had 3 bed of his own !”