Continental Defence

‘The Arrow debate has now peter ed out, but Liberals are still- talking in Parliament about the “loss of sovereignty” as Canada looks to the

United States to carry the major load .

of éontinental defence. One would imagine that the Diefenbaker Gévernment was responsible for this sittation, which in fact has existed

> a long time. Was it not a Liberal ad-

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ministration that permitted the United States to establish bases in Canada, man them with U.S. armed forces, and opened up the air over Canada for U.S. aerial manoeuvres?

~ If sovereignty was lost it was when ’ the Liberals paved the way for this

peaceful “invasion” by the armed fortes of another country. The fact is, of course, that we are in an age of continental defence, rather than national defence. The threat of nu- clear warfare has imposed this con- dition upon us, and the question of “Sovereignty” in defence matters, so far as this country’s relations with the United States is concerned, is as obsolete as the dodo.

A more serious criticism might be leveled at the former Liberal government in the matter of civil defence. This was considered to be of «high importance during the Second World War, yet at the war’s end it was left to individual munici- palities to decide whether they want- ed a civil defence organization. Ef- forts are now being made to restore some measure of national responsibil- ity. This action has been taken as the result of a national survey carried out for the Dominion _ Government last year by Lieutenant-General Howard

Chief of staff.

The essence of the policy, as out- lined by the Prime Minister last

week, is the important role which |

will be given to'the Army in the case of nuclear attack. This includes re- sponsibility for warning notices, locating and monitoring explosions and radio-active fallout, decontamin- ation of radio-active areas, and the rescue of injured. The Provinces and municipalities—that is the present local civil defense organizations— will be restricted to what Mr. Die- fenbaker described as “humanitar- ian” duties, such as providing shel- ter, medical and hospital care, and emergency feeding. Under the new policy Ottawa will pay 75 per cent of local civil defense costs, instead of the present 50 per cent.

There are still some serious prob- lems to be resolved, but the new plans have met with very favorable response, not least of all as evidence of the Government’s genuine desire to give more effective protection to Canadians against nuclear attack.

Future Of The RCMP

‘Spokesmen of both opposition parties in the Commons have = ex- pressed satisfaction with the ap- pointment of Deputy Commissioner C. E. Rivett-Carnac to succeed Comissioner L. H. Nicholson as head of the RCMP. As a senior officer on the verge of retirement, the new

* commissioner, whose record is an

impressive one, may not hold this post very long, but in the meantime the government will have a breath- ing space to consider questions rais- ed by its own actions in connection with the Newfoundland strike. “One of those questions,” says the Ottawa Citizen, “was posed, in- directly and no doubt unconscious- ly, by Deputy Commissioner Rivett- Carnac himself after his appoint- ment was announced. ‘I anticipate; he said during an interview, ‘that

_ matters will progress along the same

channels as in the past.’ Yet the course of RCMP operations was abruptly altered when the govern- ment intervened to prevent rein- forcements being sent to the scene of the loggers’. strike in Newfound-

Jand after a request from the

government of that Province. The Federal Government has given no indication that it feels it made a

| mistake. Thus conceivably it could

bi iis iin eines ick tn 3 =

drawn to give effect to the cabinet’s

. | act in the same way again, and what

_ then is the new head of the force to-do?

= Commissioner Nicholson read the terms of the policing™ con- tract with Newfoundland, he had no alternative than to-.supply reinforce- ments when called for if\he was satisfied that they could be spared from duty elsewhere in Canada. He thought they could be spared, and ‘no one has ever disputed that. He was overruled for quite a different reason,.and so he resigned, an ac- tion greatly to the commissioner’s credit. gupeevintecas a cad “The Diefenbaker government apparently thinks the RCMP, in the exercise of their duties as uphold- ers of law and order ‘and protectors of\ lives and property, should give not even the impression of taking one side in an altercation against ancther. But the contract with New- foundland says nothing about mo- tives or appearances. A different sort of agreement would have to be

ideas. Getting the consent of New- foundland or any other province using the services of the RCMP, ‘however, might be rather difficult.”

Education Conference

All the governments of the Commonwealth have now accepted an invitation from the United King- dom Government to attend a Com- monwealth Education Conference in Oxford from July 15 to 9. The prin- cipal colonial territories will also send representatives. The delegations will be composed of officials and repre- sentatives of educational intefests, including the universities

‘ Lord Halifax, Chancellor of the University. of Oxford will be Presi- dent pf the Conference, and Sir Philip Morris, Vice-Chancellor of Bristol University, will be Chair- man.

The United Kingdom Govern- ment have invited delegates to spend the week before the Conference visiting educational establishments in the United Kingdom. They will be guests of the United Kingdom Government for the whole period of three weeks.

This Conference stems from a decision of the Commonweal Trade and Economic Conf held at Montreal in September 1958, that a meeting should be convened by the United Kingdom during 1959, to formulate a new programme of Commonwealth scholarships and fellowships, and to review the exist- ing arrangements for co-operation between Commonwealth countries on all aspects of education.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The Lord Mayor of Dublin, Mrs. Catherine Byrne, is.in the United States on a lecture tour. Mrs. Byrne, incidentally, is not a native of Ire- land. She was born, of Scottish parents, in Edinburgh.

+ - *

Definition of a “dean” as given by Dr. John F. MacKenzie, dean of men at Boston University: “One who is not smart enough to become a college professor and is too smart to become a college President.”

» 7 *

There is no shortage of soft coal in the United States and there won't be for some time to come. A recent report puts reserves at roughly 2 trillion tons, enough to last, at the present rate of consumption, for

more\than 2000 years. 2 “= *

oe * John B. Salling of. Tennessee, veteran of the American Civil War, died a few days ago at the age of 112. His death left only one sur- vivor of the conflict. He is Walter Williams of Houston, Texas, who is 116. Both men fought on the Con. federate (Southern) side. a” * * , The first telephone cable to con- nect North America with the Euro- | pean continent is now being laid. It will run from Clarenville on New- foundland’s East coast to Penmarch, France, and will be similar to the one between Clarenville and Oban, Scotland. In places the cable wili rest 214 miles beneath the surface. The project will cost $42 million. The system will be owned jointly -by the American Telephone and Telegraph Co., the French Ministry of Posts, Telephone and Telegraphs .and the German Federal Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. It is expected to be completed in four months. There are now 21 -cables

QUITE A LOAD FOR BUNNY

IN SWITZERLAND

After less than a day in Berne we left by car for Clarens on Lake Leman which was the scene of the Conference of Par- liamentarians. The countryside through which we drove was most attractive and interesting. We saw some of the beautiful Swiss valleys and mountains and were able to note some of the architectural differences in tie houses as we moved from the German to the French cantons. One. famous feature of Swiss home construction is the wide ov- erhanging eaves. These aré not Mere decorations but have a functional role.

In many houses we saw clothes

nation generally have

‘ful purpose.

Lake Leman is one of Europe's loveliest lakes and we were hun- cheon guests at a charming hotel which stood high on the Swiss side of the lake. After this we motored to St. Georges School at Clarens where we were to spend a week with Parliamentarians from fifteen other countires. At our first meeting each of us made a few remarks of self in troduction and it was interesting to note that everyone spoke in English.

In their linguistic ability the Europeans show up.to great ad- vantage over us North Ameri- cans and it is becoming more and more the case that English is developing into a sort of unof- ficial universal language. GREAT VARILTY

Not only was there variety in nationality a our group but in other respects as well. There was a lady medical doctor from West Germany, a prominent news paperwoman from Sweden, a dis- trict judge from Switzerland an American Congressman with twe- nty-seven years of experience in the House of Representatives, and another who was a newcomer to the Washington scene. But while there was a variety in back- ground, political philosophy and experience thé was none in the goals and aspirations of the de- legates. All were interested in seeking to improve relations a- mong nations in the interest of

a more peaceful and pr world. Among special speakeria was

Rt. Hon. Philip Noel Baker> Member of Attlee’s Cabinet, a

a life-long champion of disarma ment. Another was Professor Halistein, director of the Common Market .organization, comprising Belgium, Netherlands, Loinenburg France, Italy and West Germany. Dr. Kreiski of Austria and Pro- fessor Christianson of Denmark also presented interesting and challenging speeches.

The round - table discussions which followed the formal pre- sentations were most valuable, and in all of them there was a wide range of participation, and a highly useful exchange of

views. EFFICIENT ORGANIZATION

The , organization of the Con- ference was most efficient and made it possible for all to par- take to the fullest. Conference sessions were held every morn- ing and evening with the after- noons left free for recreation. This technique seemed to help Keep all of us at our best men- tal and physical condition, and therefore better able to contri- bute to the discussions.

One of our trips was,to a_ near- by mountain where we had our first ride in a chair lift, another took us to Evion across the Lake in France. On another afternoon

across the floor of the Atlantic,

we visited Gruyeres, the scene of

The Clarence Conference

By Heath Macquarrie, M.P.

‘| PRE-BREAKFAST SWIM

on

a famous castle as well as the homeland of an even more fam- ous type of cheese. One very lov- | ely excursion was to the city of Geneva where my Canadian col- league, Honourable Paul “Martin, acted as our guide.

We visited the Palace of Na- tions, the magnificent home of | the League of Nations where Mr. Martin had served as Canadian Delegate twenty years ago. Ano- ther part of our Geneva trip brought us to the famous monu- ment to the Protestant Reform- ers including John Calvin, who was a native of Geneva. It was an indication that Mr. Martin is quite froa from narrow deno- minational. bigotry or partisan- ship that he should so graciously escort us to tais spot so import- pant to a religious group to which he does not belong.

The Clarens Conference offer- ed us a chance to renew a fav- orite recreation which has been sadly neglected in the last three years. Every morning at seven we formed a little swimming par- ty, including one of the Irish M.P.’s two of the Congressmen and the Austrian Socialist lady. There is nothing more invigora- ting than a pre-breakfast swim and it was a special treat to be able to enjoy this in the beauti- ful Lake Leman with tse mighty Alps bright on the horizon.

Our week in Switzerland all too soon came to an end, and it was with real regret that we said goodbye to the friends with whom we had lived in these idyllic sur- roundings—Certainly we all came away from the gathering a little

| Wiser and, it is to be hoped, a little better.

| BACK TO LONDON

Again we flew by Swiss Air to London and had the pleasure of the company of Declan Costello a youthful Irish M.P. and his lovely ife. From London we flew by T-C.A. to Montreal—leav- ing the British capital iate at night and arriving in Canada ear- ly the next morning. The trip was altogether pleasant and no- thing but praise is forthcoming for the service rendered by the crew. A_ special word mast be said of the purser, Mr. Lane, a native of Montague, who was most efficient and thoughtful throughout the voyage.

Now that these .ar too lengthy chronicles are,concluded it re- mains only to thank the patient readers and to restate the feel- ings of great appreciation which we will always feel for those who helped make the visit one of the most: pleasant ‘and valuable ex- periences we have ever had. To see, even for so short a time, several of the European coun- tries to which we are allied was helpful and informative and to

meet some of their leaders was |

even more worthwhile. kt is my hope that the Conference will help me in the discharge of my duties as a Member of the Par- liament of Canada.

(English translation by the Rev. J.P.E. O’Hanley, Ph. D. of “Cursus Philosophiae’ by the Rt. Rev. Henri Grenier, Ph. D. J.D. First published in 1948 by St. Dunstan’s University Press.) VOL. L. LOGIC

This is an age when utilitarian- ism is almost worshipped as a god. The question asked of every- thing from a liberal art to-a hyd regen bomb is: “Of what use is it?” \Anything that serves a so- called “practical” purpose is lik- ely to be held in esteem; any- thing abstract is likely to be ig- nored.

Philosophy refutes this view Unlike some other sciences—me-

dicine, for example—it must sought and cultivated for its sake, not for any good it migh

ume of Thomistic Philosophy is. at pains to point out, does not mean that philosophy serves no useful purpose, but only that its purpose is subordinate to its own worth. Bt does, indeed, serve a purpose, in that it satisfies a de, sire to gain knowledge.

ae a PHILOSOPHY © one can say exactly when the study philosophy first ap-

peared —~an intelleetual disci pline. It is generally agreed, how- ever, that systematic philosophy originated with the Greeks at about the beginning of the 6th cen- tury B.C. Certainly, they provid- ed the name and the tools for directing philosophical study. From what material is the world made? What agency effects the changes’ which take place in the world? What ig man? (Readers will recall a great passage in the Psakms, which were written long before the time of the Greek phil- osophers, to this effect.) What is being? What is essence? What is an idea? What is truth? What is beauty? Whence came evil and what is its purpose? These are some of the questions that have confronted philosophers and sti- mulated thought from Socrates ‘and before his time to Sartre Indeed, asking questions and seeking possible answers qay\ be considered the chief function of philosophy. ARISTOTLE Perhaps the greatest philoso pher of all-time was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) sometimes known,

do. This,” however, as this vol |), (God,

as the Stagirite, a pupil of Plato.

Thomistic Philosophy

A Review by J. T. Payne

“Final Cause” was his outstand- ing contribution to philosophical thought. He defines philosophy as “the knowledge of things through

their causes’. It was on the |. ;

thought of Aristotle that S. Thom- as Aquinas developed his system, adapting it, of course, to Chris- tain doctrine and faith.

To quote from the work under review: “‘The Angelic Doctor poim ted out the best way of reconcil- ing philosophy with faith. He taught that there are two modes of truth in matters that we ac- knowledge as pertaining to God. There are some things true of God that surpass the power of human reason, as the doctrine of the Blessed Trinity; there are other truths that are entirely with- in the scope and power of na- ral reason, as the existence of the unity of God and oth- ers; these trutlis philosophers can demonstrate by the light of na- tural reason. There is complete harmony between the truths of Christian faith and the truths of reason.”

However, theology, which is based on principles of faith, is knowledge acquired under <- the light of divine revelation; and philosophy is the knowledge of things through their causes, ac- quired under the light of natural reason. i DIVISIONS IN PHILOSOPHY

There is, of course, a differ- ence between. speculative philos- ophy and moral philosophy. The one considers beings for the sole purpose of acquiring knowledge; the other considers how man ought naturally to act to attain his ultimate end. There is a dif- ference, too, between philosophy, per se, and sacred theology, al- though the two have much in common. Philosophy is concern- ed ‘mainly with causes and—es- pecially Aristotelian and Thomis- tic philosophy—with the absolute first cause. Sacred Theology ob- tains its truths from the light of divine revelation. . PHILOSOPHICAL TOOLS

Much of this first volume is occupied with technical terms which might be described as the tools with which philosophers, and especially logicians, work They are necessarily abstruse, and, in some instances, highly pedantic. Ig any case, they are

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By N. Bundesen, M. D. IF YOU are expecting your first baby, it is possible that scered.

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the housework if at all possible. Breast feeding saves a lot of time and bother. Besides, it’s bet- ter for both you and the baby, as I have said many times before. a list of the chores you do. Then, list the others ac:

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Indeed, te undergraduates (for is mainly intend- ed) they might be considered in-

dispensable, just as a carpenter needs to know how to put his hands on a particular tool at a given time or a doctor to write a prescription in the accepted form, They are not, however, ne- cessary to a fairly intelligent grasp of the Thomistic system; and it is this aim which governs

this cursory outline of Dr. Gren-

| When people talk about the good old days they mean

diabetic? . Answer: Fruits and vegetables are permitted in the average dia-

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

(From the Guardian Files) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (March 30, 1934)

Mr. J.W.F. McCallum was elec- ted president of the P.EI. Tea- chers’ Federation at the final ses- sions of the Teachers’ Conven- tion being held at Prince of Wales College Hall. Other officers in- clude vice-president, Miss Bessie MacLéod; recording - secretary, Fred Skerry; secretary-treasurer, Miss Ethel Taylor.

A recital of great merit was given in Heartz Memorial Hall Wednesday afternoon by some of the pupils of Professor Kendall. Much interest cente around the work done by the and girls taught in the Group Method and the results reflected great credit on Professor Kendall’s ef- forts.

TEN YEARS AGO (March 30, 1949) Permitted now by the City Council, and awaiting only the official sanction of the Health au- thorities, skim-milk may appear on the streets of Charlottetown today, stated Mr. Walter Cox, of the Pure Milk Company. Mr. Cox stated his company is prepared to supply skim-milk at the rate of 10 cents per quart. Since-the increase in price in whole milk in January, a sharp drop in con- sumption has been noted.

A meeting of the executive Com- mittee of the Canadian National Silver Fox Breeders’ Association was held in the head office at Summerside yesterday. The Pre- sident, Lt. Col. D.A. MacKinnon of Charlottetown presided. Others present were Gordon MacMillan,

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Transfixed by glare of blue from

gorgon’s eye; The skaters freeze within a stone / °° tableau,

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“At alters into glass and the Grows brittle ag a tilted china

bowl; Hill and valley stiffen row oa row.

Each falien leaf is trapped by spell of steel, Crimped like fern in the quarts

atmosphere; Repose of sculpture holds the country still.

What countermagie can undo the snare

Which has stopped the season ia its tracks

an eer cur

Locked in crystal caskets are the lakes, : Yet as we wonder what can come

of ice birds explode from ali the rocks.

—Sylvia Plath in the Christian Science Monitor

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