"upon by the

nnoly llom Silver Fox And

A plan for Quebec province to reduce royalty fees on several types of wild furs has been agreed provincial Govern- mcnt and is to go into effect Nov- ember lst. Ontario is expected to take similar steps at a later date this fall. As a result of this r-nange the royalty on beaver in Quebec province is to be reduced fr-om 31.50 to 01.00. while. the levy nn marten and fisher (hitherto s1.50 and 02.00 respectively) will be decreased by 50 per cent. Mink on the other hand will be increased from the present 50c to 51.00. J. A. Trcmblay, Director of Fur Ser- nae, Quebec Department of Fish and Game. states that "this re- vision of our royalties on wild furs will stimulate the fur indus- try in Quebec province. At pres- rnt our province is the only one which has actually taken steps to alleviate some of the burdens which were hampering the trade. However, as our fees have been rovised in complete understanding uith Ontario.some move can bc anticipated there also."

Royalty on bear skins ls 25c; polar bear 51.00; Lynx 25c; Lynx (at 10c: marten 75c: fisher 31.00; wolf 25c; mink 51.00; black fox :3c: blue fox 50c; cross fox 10c: silvcr fox 25c; white fox 75c; red fox l0c raccoon. 01.10; muskrat inc; squirrel lc.

Fur fashion went to the races October 12th when 40 garments wore displayed before a ladies day attendance at Belmont Park, New York. The fashion presentation was arranged between race track of- ficials and associated fur manu- fncturers. Ten models participated in the parade of furs which in- rluded sable. mink. ermine, Rus- Slilll broadtail. beaver. persian lamb, fox and opossum. The show started at noon with the models piomcnading through the turf and llt'Id enclosure. the terrace and main floor, restaurants under the grand stand and around the pad- dock area.

The American has formed a special committee to support the current drive for issuance of a postage stamp honoring the fur industry. A committee will seek to persuade the United States post office de- partmcnt to issue a postage stamp commemorating the fur trade.

A despatch from New Orleans has the following: "Mink has buy- i-rs here hot under the collar. Mink concentration has ruined the fur business. 'one buyer moaned.” The mink people should at least keep inferior skins off the mar- ket. They could dispose of them better if they burned them or drowned them and keep the price healthy. Even if they controlled the quality the heavy promotion of mink has thrown the retail fur business off balance.' Another buy- er said he formerly had a nice volume of business in muskrat, squirrel. Jap mink and other pelts. Now many women will hold out for mink and buy cloth coats until they can afford mink. This does not make for profit in a fur de- partment.

Ed Gold, I leading authority on furs writing in the latest issue of Women's Wear Daily. states that itnres should increase their dollar volume by 15 to 25 per cent dur- lng the months of October and December. If this volume is not Increased it will be the fault of the stores themselves. Buying ot- lices are fairly satisfied this sea- son that makers have made im- presslve strides in terms of price. style and color. With I better price structure imaginative styling and I wide variety of flattering shades -'-plus the reduction in the excise tax - there is I more favorable stmosphe e for furs. That is the opinion of almost all the buyers. But the retailer must do his part and by publicity and proper dis- plays create demand. .

Another buyer notes the changed attitude towards the tax. Today I store only has to sell a gsrmen once. Last March stores had to do

Master l7'urricr's Guild of-

Mink Farming

two selling jobs, The proadblock before tax reduction, i). is related. Eenerally took place after the gar- ment had been sold. Thcn the buyer or sales person would bring UP the matter of a 20 per cent tax. This meant. in many cases, a long sales talk. bad feeling to. ward the store or purchase of a less expensive garment. In many instances the sale was lost at that point. All indications this season arevthat customers hardly raise 319" eyebrows over the 10 per cent levy. It has been a big boost to morale. not to mention increased volume. The promise of colder weather has.alrcady perked up coat sales in many sections of the country.

Freak weathcr conditions last year which resulted in summer temperatures deep into the fall, are not expected to be repeated this year. Then there is the in- troduction of a wide variety of small pieces in new shades and attractive styles that has given customers a sense of newness a- bout furs. lt has also brought peo- ple into the fur salons who have stayed away during recent years because they thought the industry didnt care enough about fashion. The above optimistic review of the public demand for furs will be good news to our ranchers in this province and elsewhere. There doesn't seem to be a particle of doubt but that the prices that will be realized for mink, silver fox and its mutations will be as mod. if not better, than last season.

Cliff Young's Month by Month Guide For the Mink Rancher has this (in part) to say about Oct- ober . . . . With fall in the air and mink active in their pens this is a busy time on our ranch. As cool weather approaches our e f f o r t s are toward getting the mink in good flesh so they will produce that heavy winter coat. As soon as we notice the new fur starting at the tip of the tail our feed is changed to the following: 50 per cent lcan horse meat, no bone; 10 per cent fish; 10 per cent becf tripc; 10 per cent cereal; 5 per cent alfalfa meal and tomato puree; 10 per cent fresh liver; 2 per cent germ meal. The feed is mixed on the stiff side now as a sloppy feed may cause matting in the pelts. .

The mrnk are fed twice daily and are given all they can eat with some left over. The surplus is scraped from the pens cvcry afternoon so that the mink have fresh food at all times. The high protein food helps the mink to produce the heavier winter coat and also builds up body weight which helps stretch the size of the pelt. As soon as we notice that furring out is completed our high protein feed is discontinued and we go back to a feeding schedule of 20 per cent meat; 25 per cent tripe and lungs: 25 per cent fish: 8 per cent liver; 12 per cent cer- eal; 5 per cent alfalfa meal and tomato puree; 2 per cent wheat germ meal.

This feeding schedule starts a- bout the first of November. By this time the mink have most of their new fur and are still shed- ding the .old summer fur. They may look dusty to you but this is only because the mink have not brushed off all the loose fur out or the new fur is not long enough to push the old fur out. Also by decreasing the protein content of our mix it gives the hide a chance to catch up to the t'urring of the mink without losing the color in the fur which many- ranchers be- lieve is caused by too high I pro- teinvfeed at the finish and bcforc the mink becomes prime. Cleanli- ness ts very essential now as the fumes from the fecal material and urine can discolor the fur of your mink. lf you have pans of ivatcr in the pens remove them and re- place with outside watering pans.

HISTORIC TERRITORY

The African Gold Coast first be- came known through Portuguese navigators in the 14th century.

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The attention of all farmers is directed to the provisions of the Prince Edward Island Potato Pro-

Sectlon 1 of this Act states that "no person shall plant potatoes in the. Province of Prince Edward Is- land unless the seed used is of the class Foundation or Certified as determined by the official inspection car- ried out-by the Plant Protection Division. Science Ser- vice. Dominion Department of Agriculture.

description of the one now being Ont.

Biggest and best of all international plowing competitions is the

held It Breslau. near Kitchener.

It is the. 41st international match staged in Canada, and it is ex- pected that 250,000 persons will have watched the matches. inspected

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the farm equipment and joined in the festivities before the fair closes. This scene shows the tent town being erected on the site, of the fair, which extends over parts of ten farms. To keep traffic moving,

Bailey bridge has been erected for pedestrians over I busy highway.

I

Saturday. Oct. 10. 1855

sources of their country and were not investing their profits at home. They united. behind this govern- ment which has undertaken I number of social improvements and has built a modern highway from Cochabamba to Santa Cruz, the capital of the ”Yungas,” that marvellously productive area of Bolivia. where one man. just re- turned. told me and others that living conditions of temperature and food enabled him to live on

nouuugsa !oge11'

companies were draining the 11- cal diseases, it will be I great nI-

tlonal asset.

On Sept. 10th. we took I noon plane for the trip of 120 miles to La Paz. The round trip to Cocha- bamba, Oruro and back to LI Paz was 345 miles. and it cost only s6.'l4 American money or 0.770 B3.

RELIGIOUS CLAUSE

The constitution of Argentina provides that the president and vice

5100.00 per year. When the area is president must be Roman Catholics cleared of malaria and other tropi- and Argentine by birth.

iurwsv

We had a real turn out of friends to see us off in an airplane at Cochabamba at 9.25 a.m., on the morning of September 3rd. The children came with their parents to see the big plane come in from Santa Cruz. and stop for only fif- teen minutes before it was again on its way over the Cordillera Mountains to Aru a, a distance of 70 miles. The tr p, as predicted. was quite rough. We seemed very close to Mt. Huaillas, which is 18,- 045 feet high.

It was quite I climb to get up. but only a short glide to come down to,0ruro, which is on the Altiplano at over 12,000 feet. As we approached the city we saw that it is built around three sides of a brown hill about l2,000 feet high, in which are located many rich silver and tin mines. Most of its streets are level except those on the sides of the bill.

it is on a spear of this hill that our Reekie College has been built, with ample room for play grounds and homes for our missionaries. It is named in honour of Rev. A. B. Reekie. a pioneer who started his work in Oruro, and later chose and bought the site for a school, realizing the need of education in Bolivia many years before the school was opened in 1924.

We had an opportunity to speak, through an interpreter, to the boys and girls of the college, on Sept- ember 5th. during a morning ses- sion. That afternoon all school and churches in Oruro were closed by order of the Health Department. as typhus fever had broken out in the jail. We heard there were.4'I cases in the city on Oct. 9th, and when we left the next day for La Paz. there were 56 cases and there had been 9 deaths.

On September 6th. Rev. Wm. Sturgess drove me out in his truck to the mining town of Macho- camarca. where we visited in I number of the homes of the peo- ple. The highway, which parallels the railway, was almost a dead level for more than 20 miles. It is a bleak. barren plain. For about one-third of the distance it was covered with water. I had noted the large area of water from the airplane, and had asked if it was a large lake. It turned out to be quite shallow. and It some sca- sona was dry. So far as we could learn. no one lives on the plain. nor have any crops been grown there. The only living thngs that seemed to thrive on it were sea gulls which gathered in large flocks on some of the dry or as.

The houses at Machacamarca were adobe, with thatched roofs. In one, we entered through I small patio; this had a locked gate

' and I dog guarding it. There were

pigs, fowls and guinea pigs in I very small space. The husband was away working in the mining plant.

By J. A. Clark, D.Sc. ORUEO, BOLIVIA

NOTES

was I high. cold wind that day. During their winter of July, Aug- ust and September they have these very bitter high winds, which some- times-amount to veritable hurri- canes. We saw many small whirl- winds that picked up and carried the dust aloft for considerable dis- tances. l

On September 8th we drove out past the airport into the foothills, with materials for a new church at Cala Cala. We were told that cala was Spanish for stone, and we certainly travelled through miles of stony areas. Quite a number of areas were walled a- bout with reat stone walls. Some areas wer ultivated. and we learned that he people are all free Indians, who own their farms, so that they will not be affected by the Agrarian Reform Act of Aug- ust 2nd. 1953. They are a very in- dependent people and live very much to themselves.

Later that evening we drove with more materials to a church that is being built by the people of South Oruro. The Adobe walls were up, the rafters were on and men were laying tile on the roof. We learned that the only outside assistance these people have re- ceived had been the windows, a gift from the lady missionaries in Bolivia. The church is on a corner site on a w”e street. where quite a few eucalyptus trees have been planted. .

In loading quite I few benches onto the truck to place them in a locked buildlng- over night, we

morning we had a brief illness that seemed unaccountable from anything eaten. We 1 e a r n e (1 then of one man. new to the coun- try. who worked strenuously for the first week on the altiplano in get- ting settled, and was laid up for three weeks before he was able to work again.

We went up the steep hill to the statue of Christ, about l,500 feet above and behind Oruro. but be- low where the city reservoir is located, and got a number of pic- tures of this city of over 30,000 people. About half way up we were shown where applicants for auto- mobile and truck drivers' licenses have to demonstrate their ability to take sharp curves at different speeds and turn around on a steep hill area where there is little more than enough room for two cars to pass. without even stones on the outside to protect one from going over a cliff, where to go over would mean at least the destruc- tion of the vehicle, if the driver could jump clear.

Early in December, 1952. the Bolivian Governme,nt natioalized its tin mines by placing them un- der a government run corporation known as the Bolivian Mining Cor- poration. The famous tin mines in or near Oruro have for years been responsible for about 50 per cent of Bolivia's revenue and 80 per cent of her foreign exchange. The tin mines had been dominated for years by the three companies that were expropriated: Patino. Ara- mayo and Hochschield.

Simon 1. Patino of Cochabamba started with an abandoned tin mine about fifty years ago, and through the world hunger then for tin, and the pe'on labour avail- able in Bolivia. he acquired an an- nual income that was said to ex- ceed that of the Government of Bolivia. He became the Bolivan

worked as if we were at an ordin- ary Iltitude, so that the next

Minister to France, having formed

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TOOL OAIIIEI . . . Horn II o Indy. oufly ooulruotol not I ooryos I noon! purpooo. Just look the not on the tractor homo

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I world cartel in tin. His fortune was estimated at one billion Ameri- can dollars. He died in 1947, and his heirs now live in other coun- tries.

The tin mines employ over 35,- 000 Bolivian lndians. who work 8 hours per day and are paid about 01.00 per day to dig the tin from the granite rocks of the Andes, almost two miles above sea level. The tin companies have not ac- cepted the indemnification offered by the Government. Most of the so-called "tin barons" live in lux- ury in other countries. Many Bolivians believed that the tin

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