NOVEMBER 1, 1890.

Notes and Comiuients.

With the view of increasing Russian influence and pro-Russian sentiment in the Balkan states, the czur haa decided to erect and subsidize theatres in the principal cities of Bulgaria, Roumania and Servia, the con- dition of their maintenance being that oaly Russian plays in the Russian language and performed by Russian actors shall be pro- duced.

According to an extract from a French commercial paper in the October number of the Board of Trad & seml- oficial British publication, there are esti mated te be im 45 000,000 fowls, representing 4 value « f 22,500,000 The

f evg-layers is put at 22.500,000, tr which 5.000, 000 chickens are reared annually. Poultry farmmg yields about $67 000,000 a year, of which $30,000,000 is

; le Journal,

Fr ine

number of ¢€ int

obtamed from the sale of the flesh of the fowls, and $37,000,000 from the eggs. This is, of course, the dumestic as well as the

foreign trade

ln Newfoundland, this year, no less than 15,000,000 lobsters have been hatched and planted; while returns received from nine of the hatch ng stations show that 35,- and ob-

000.CO0) of lobsters have been hatched set free in the waters. The egys are tained from the factories before the female lobsters are thrown into the boilers. and are brought to hfe in the floating incu-

bitors of which there are thiety-six at each station. ‘Three stations have yet to be heard tron: but sh uld the se prove as

suceessful as the others, the season's oy era- tions will have resulted in 480,000,000 young lobsters being hatched and planted in the waters of ye anciert colony.

A’ German sci ciaims to have discovered a method treating common sawdust by which he is able to manufacture from it a substance of great value and dur- ab.liiy. By means of an acid process he converts the sawdust into a material of firm texture and extreme hardness, incapable of being bered by a common gimlet or of be- ing penetrated by a nail, more impervious tothe action of the elements than the ordinary metais or the common building stones, and practical Bunsen

itist

‘ ve

icable by fire, a

burner simply charring the interior surface.

lt is claimed to be stronger than timber for joists and girders, and several times lighter than iror or steele, and above all, the cost of manutacture is claimed to be su low as to bring it into competition with both wooed and iron. It is said that exper-

iments will be made to still further decrease the cust and increase its field of influence, aud that its manufacture is to Se pushed.

Gen. Booth, of the Salvation Army, has breached in England a grand scheme for relief of poverty, in a book en- titled, ** In Darkest England and the Way Out.” The leading papers are discussing the projects suggested by the founder and leader of the Salvation Army, and some of them make favorable comments. ‘** Waste Labor and Waste Land,” is the General’s watchword. He makes three propositions. The first ia the org wizationof a cityfcolony ‘or the hungry aud homeless of the metro- polis, who are to be given work, and are to be fed and clothed with broken victuals and old clothes collected hy a ** Household Brigade." The secund feature isa farm colony, for which the metropolitan salvage brigade is to be a basis of support. Pigger- ies, brush and soap works, bone and button works, areto be established. The third proposition is a fureign colony, in South Africa, recruited from the other two, the best workers of each colony being sent thither. General Booth calls for £1,000,- OVO to put his grand schemes in operation. There is so much interest manifested in the project in Eagland, that it would not surprise us tu see it in operation before long.

—The Methodist churches of the United Stiles are now voting upon the question submitted to them by the General Confer- ence, a3 to the rights of women tw be dele- gates to that Conference. It will be re- membered that in 1888 five women de- mvmnded admittance as delegates from sub- ordinate conferences, one of them beirg Frances E. Willard. The demand ca: sed a great disturbance. S xteen years before & constitutional amendment providing for lay delegates had been adopted, but no one up to 1388 had construed this as admitting wumen. <A committee of 17, to whem the matter was referred, reported that women were not eligible. Six members of this committee did not coucur in this report, aud being very active and influential men, there ensued a brilliant debate that will be long memorable in Methodist annals. The contest was evenly balanced, anda com- promise resulted by which the matter was submitted to the churches, the final verdict of which cannst be doubtful. The mem- bership of the Methodist Church, as indeed of most other churches, is composed of about twice as many women as men. The churches of Maine that have already given their voice in this matter are unanimous in according to women the right to be sent as delegates to the General Conference.

— Montreal Gazette: ** Of the total in- crease of $162,000,000 in the debt of Canada since Confederation, $62,000,000 has arisen out of expenditures upon the Pacific Railway, and $7,000,000 represents the purchase price and cust of surveying the Northwest Territories. It may be that Cinada would be more independent of the United States without the Northwest, without the Pacific Railway, without com- munication with British Columbia, as Sir Richard Cartwright contends; but must people will agree with the Evrl of Aber- deen that the acquisition of the Western provinces and the construction of a rail-

} the

way tothe Pacific ocean is one of the finest achievements of the age. Then about $40,000,000 of the debt in-

crease is made up of expenditure upon the Intercolonial and connected railways, $53,000,000 of expenditure on the canals, and $30,000,000 represents debts allowed to the provinces. It would be interesting to learn which of these particular items Sir Richard Cartwright objects to. His cun- demnation, as is customary with him, is so sweeping as to include every dollar of ex- penditure upon public works since 1867, aad he has the audacity to expect peopie to believe that Canada would be more pros- perous aud more independent of her neigh- bor if no land connection between the Mar- itime Provinces and Ontario and (Juebec had been provie -e; if the canals had not been enlarged; st the Pacific railway had not been built; and if the Northwest had been kept a sea'edfbook.”

THE DAILY EXAMINER,

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OVEMBER 1. 1890.

Sewage Disposal.

| The Sailor Archduke. PEARS IN VIENNA THAT SOMETHING HAS HAP- VENED TO HIM,

Great anxiety is felt at Vienun on ac-

AN AGRICULTURAL QUESTION,

It has been well said that sanitation is | ‘ly an agricultural question. Sanitation 2h enemy oheaaes wholly, in the pro- count of the st eens ee =e per and safe diaposal of all the waste used- | Archduke Jobnn Salvador, = od = up matters of individuals and communities, | his title and position as a no age the " a avd in so far as this disposal is concerned, of Hap-burg,t ok the name ef. a . i, it is, or should be, purely an agricultural | and became the master oe ae ae question. . In like manner, ex passant, as) He left Lat lata on July 17 "e on . os we have herein statrd, the physical man, | at which port he was to join - oes . pe that part of man to which sanitation direct- | St. Margaret, and ae to - tong a ly relates, is a direct product of the svil, | a cargo cf saltpetre 7 -— to a , just as are any of the lower animals, and | has aot been heard of for fifteen rm oe that therefore, the subject of public health | letters addressed from Vienna to uta

| that there will be no advantage gained or no

administration is more properly associated with the State Department of Agriculture than with any other of the Departments.

Soil purities the sewage, while the sew- age fertilizes the soll. The soil purifies | sewage partly by fittration, partly b y OXY- genvtion aud partly by the action of grow- ing crops. The oxidation process, called also nitrification, depends on the presence | and action of multitudes of microscopic vegetable organisms. The black mould on the surface of the earth consists very largely, in fact mainly, of these organisms

a mitlion of them being found in about 25 grains of earth. The dead, waste excre- mental matters thrown on the surface of such suil become the feod cf—are con- sumed by—these saprophytic fungi which se abound in the soil. Solid matters, even pieces of wood and leather, upon the sur. fact of the earth, become softened and per- meated by these fungoid growths Sand fin- ally crumble away and become the ferti'e humus” which ‘is the vnly seurce of permanent wealth in any country ;” the source whence we derive all materials for our feed and elvthing.

The living vegetable mould on the = sur- face of the earth forms a filter of the most perfeet kind, and sewage filtered through it in proper proportions is purified in the mest perfect manner. The oxygenation and purification of sewage in the soil is a process analogous to fermentation. Cuob- bet has told us that ‘that the earth begins to ferment in the spring,” and that before sowing the seed a thorough tilling and mix- ing of the upper strata of soil is very nec- essary, with the view not only to the pul- verizing of the soil but to ‘ta thorough leavening of the whole mass with fermen- table matter.’ Hence, in order to keep the soil in a healthy state, and to ‘ keep up its appetite for dirt” and its power for digesting or disposing of it, the one thing necessary is tillage—cultivation. in this way, with asmali beginning of ‘* humus,” with a proper disposal of waste excrement upon it, it will increase gradually from year to year, asthe yeast plant increases by fermentation. ;

As relates to disinfection in the soil : Sone of the bacteria in the soil are injur- ious t» mankiod; but organisms that flourish in the human body usually cease to multiply in the soil, which is unsuited for even their survival for any length of time; and “‘the great doctrine of the survival of the fittest holds good for them as for all other organisms.” The pathogenic or poisonous bacteria mast be mingled by soil cultivation with the other or saprophytic bacteria by which the former are destroy- ed. As was said at the annual congress in August last of the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, on ‘‘The Living Earth,” by the President, Dr. G. Vivian Puore, *‘well cultivated soil, which is compelled to pro- duce good crops, has never yet been con- victed of causing any danger to health in any circumstances.

It was further said by Dr. Poore that “*he was convinced that in their sanitary arrangements they had not sufficiently dis: tinguished between the living mould and the dead earth of the subsoil. When they perforated the living humus with a pipe and took their dirty water to the subsoil, they, as it were, pricked a hole in their filter.

**In 1848, the advice to drain was tender- dered with a light heart by the pioneers of modern sanitatation. The panacea fur all sanitary ills had been, and still was, ‘drainage,’ and the only scavenger in fa- vor water, notwihstanding the fact that sanication by water had for its main char- acteristic incompleteness. Their houses were flushed, but they paid for it by foul- ing every natural source of pure water. ° * The Thames, the Liffey, the Clyde, the Mersey, and the Irwell were standing testimony to the failure of these great en- gineering schemes, and the last scheme put forward with regard to the sewage of London, to convey it all to the Essex coast and cast it into the sea, was an ex- periment which, like its predecessors, might be productive of unforseen results.”

It may be regarded as a distinctive mark of man’s obduracy that he is so slow to take up with this best and only natural method for his sewage disposal —this method of epplying it, or returning it, in some way, to mother earth; which the cyclic character of the processes of nature plainly indicate as the only true method— in which we return again to the earth what we take from it.

All other methods, so far it appears, have been failures; even those in which it was aimed to provide a manure. Electro- lysis promises good results, but however scientific and valuable, it is not ‘‘natural,” any more than the various chemical pro- cesses—the ‘*‘A, B, C,” the lime, or the iron—are natural. Sewage farming, where it has been understood, and so, properly carried out, has not been a failure, and we venture to predict that it must become, sooner or later, the one universally accepted process for sewage disposal. Possibly time, with science, may give rlse to an artificial “living earth” or humus for treating sewage, but that time it yet far away in the future.

~-_> +-.-—-— —

Personal.

James Ross, Eeq., M. L. C., Mount Stew- ae is registered at the Osborne House to-

av.

J. E. Moberley has accepted the editorship ef the Toronto Week. Mr. Moberley is a Nova Scotian, and has been practicing law in ‘loronto for many years.

The thanks of Tue Examiver are due Mr. Charles Bell, lately of Charlottetown, for copies of late Lowell, Mass,. papers.

Mr. George Stanley, of the firm of Stanley Bros., returned home last evening,

A Halifax despatch says :—Inspector Brem- ner and Ganger Robinson are here, arrived back from P. E. ls'!and, where they have been regulating the system of gauging, the entire maritime districts being gone over and the one way of gauging put in o operation, so

and Valpariso remain udanswered.

The ex-Archduke, Johnn Salvador, now known as simple John Orth, belongs to the ‘Yusean branch of the Hapsburgs, being the youngest sun of the late Grand Duke Leopold I. of Tuscany. Ue was born at Florence, on November, 26th, 1858. He has always been recognized as a man of un- usual ability and independence of character. He was an intimate frend of the lave Crown Prince Rudolph. He finally came into confl'ct with the military superiors, es- pecially by publishing certain pamphlets criticising Austria's army and Urging al- liance with Russia. He was then deprived of his command, and lost the friendship of the crown Prince. A year agu he petition- ed the emperor for permission to lay down his rank ond titles, and this request was granted He also renounced the appanage of twelve thousand florins 4 year out of the emperor's civil list, intending to live here- after on his own personal earnings. He took the name of Octh, after his little schloss on Lake Gmundea, and is now the Captain of an Euglish merchant vessel. 7+e+e-

RLews Notes.

The Count de Paris, gave $200 to the poor

of Paris.

_-— a SSNS

An “‘elastic steel horse collar” is a recent invention attracting the attention of British farmers,

From the let of January to the 20th of October, 101,000 pilgrims have visited La Bonne Ste. Anne.

It has been estimated by an employe of the United States Bureau of Labor that there are 27,000 married men in the City of New York who are supported by their wives, less than } 7,000 of whom are ia menial service. The modistes are in the mejority. This includes dressmakers and milliners, many of whom own property, some being very wealthy, and all well-to-do. The boarding-house keepers rank nextin number; the professional women, wh> embrace docters, lawyers, dentists, aurists, writers, teachers, musicians, lecturers, designers, painters, and embroiderers, come third. Then there are the shopkeepers, who, it is said, make the best providers,

A lady of New York city who has just got back from Nice, Italy, relates to the New York Sun the following regarding the hairy-faced specimens of the feminine sex whom she saw at Nice. She says: ‘1 often wandered along the banks of the Paillon, where the native Nicoise women do their washing of clothes. They dress plainly, but are all very clean, whether old or young, or middle-aged, and the different colors of their attire, blue, pink, red or yellow, mike the sight well worth seeing. { noticed among them many women be. longing to old Pucian stock who had heavy moustaches, or even beards. Some of these were aged, others Jess so, but the oldest ones had the biggest hirsute adornment on their faces. When I went to the market one morning I nvticed a woman who was selling flowers, and who had a beard that was certainly four inches long, and it curled well. Herspouse, who stood near by vending fruit, was not furnished with a beard as vigorous as that of his better half

Religious Services.

Upper Prince Street Methodist Church —Rev. W. W. Brewer will occupy the pulpit morning and evening.

Remember the Railway Gospel Meeting to-morrow afternoon, at 4 o'clock, in Me- Leod’s Hall. Strangers always welcome. Lesson, Matthew, 6—10, “Thy will be done on earth as it in Heaven.”

Services in the Zion Church to-morrow will be couiducted by the pastor, Rey. D. Sutherland, in the morning at 11, and in the evening at 7 o'clock. The service in the evening will be in reference to missions, Morning prayer mecting at 10.15. Sabbath School at 2.30 p. m.

Elder D. Crawford will (D. V.) preach in the Meeting House on Upper Great George street to-murrow evening at 7 u’clock.

Baptist Church service to-morrow — preaching at ll a.m. Subject, ‘*Harness- ed or unharnessed forces.” Preaching at 7 p. m.—Rev. J. A. Gordon, pastor. Sua- day School and Bible Class at 2 30.

A Rare Animat.—Says the Amherst Sentinel: Mr, Fred. Burke shot a very fine black fox last Friday on the Minudie marsh. Foxes are quite numerous on the marsh, but a black one has not been seen before for over twenty years, An old hunter says he never saw but one with finer fur.

A Mitp Wiyrer.—A_ gentleman has handed the Windsor Journal the following: ‘The fowls have not yet shed their teathers, and the leaves on the plum trees are as green as July. This is generally a sure sign of a mild and fine winter.” The gentleman is said to be an expert in furecasting the seasons.

st. J ames’ Church.

VHE FIRST LECTURE of the Sixth Course will be delivered in SL, JAMES’ HALL,

On Tuesday Evening, Novy, 4, AT EIGHT O'CLOCK, BY REV. DAVID SUTHERLAND.

_————

Sabject ~‘ Dreams and Dreamers,’

Admission, 15 cents. Season Tickets, ad- mitting to the Six Lectures and three Con-

loss suffered, and a!l handlers of gauged mer- chandise will be on the same footing as regards measurements,

certs of the Course, $1 00. May be had at the door, ei from any of the members, nov

ye me yas

Astracai Jackets

SUPERIOR QUALITY.

In all lines of FUR GOODS our Stock is very complete. Expected Daily : — A further supp'y of BEAVER CAPES, STORM COLLARS, BOAS, ete., ete.

Fur Goods---All Kinds---4 Spectalty.

For Elegance, Fine Finish and Wear-Resisting Quali- ties, our Black Dress Silks are unsurpassed.

BEER BROS.

“CHARTER OAK” COOK STOVES AND RANGES,

With Wonderful Wire Gauze Oven Doors.

now mace in Prices run Every Range or Cook Stove sold is guaran-

are 22 sizes for all kinds of fuel, including 11 sizes for Soft Ccal.

HE ABOVE CELEBRATED STOVES. AND RANGES

from $24.00, with Fittings complete. teed perfect in operation.

We can refer intending purchasers to hundreds of families who are now using “CHARTER OAKS” in the City and Country.

DODD & ROGERS.

Chariotttetown, Nov. 1, 1890—dy 2aw (mon sat) wky BEEF —

TASES PRIME BEER

in -a concentrated and readily digestible form.

Lege

_— ———— (x )-----—

A STRENGTH-GIVING FOOD

FOR INVALIDS | FOR CHILDREN | FOR ALL WHO DESIRE} —AND— | —OF— To Improve Their CONVALESCENTS. ALL AGES. PHYSICAL CONDITION.

novl—dy & wky

WONDE

aFUL BARGAINS

THE BAZAAR STORE.

New Goods! New roods! (o)

ROM THIS UNTIL XMAS we will receive a shipment of Goods every day, and will always have something new to show you. Our Fal! Stock of Window Llinds arrived to-day, and you should see them and hear the prices—lower than the lowest. Large and beautiful Pictures (framed and otherwise) always on hand, Framing done to order at lowest prices. Twenty-five samples of Moulding to choose from. About our China and Glassware we need say nothing ; you have only to see it and hear our prices to be convinced that this is the best place in town to buy.

TOYS! TOYS! TOYS !—We want to make the heart of every Child in Charlotte- town glad with some vew Toys never before placed in this market. or want of yeom we are going to show onr Toys, Dolls, etc., on the second floor, which is now beipg handsomely fitted up. Get your Xmas Toys, ete., before ihe big rush comes on. .

BOOKS! BOOKS !—All the Standard and lite popular issues of the day always on hand. SCHOOL BOUKS AND SCHOOL SUPPLIES—We keep on hand all the prese:ibed works for School and College AT THE LOWEST PRICES. ‘This accounts for our daily increasing trado. Orders from all par’s of the country promptly filled. Special Liscount to Teachers. Books of all kinds (if not on hand) ordered at once. We call your attention to our new stock of MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Violins from 60 cents to $25; Acoordeons from $1.00 to $12.00. Cali and examine our new stock, and don’t go without hearing prices, be the rush ever so great.

TAZAAR CO., Queen Street.

Charlottetown, Oct. 29, 1899.

Campbells Wine of Beech Trea Creosote

(x) \X)

HE NEW REMEDY for affections of the Thaoat, Larynx, Bronchial Tubes and Lungs, such as obstinate Sore Throat, Hoarseness, Bronchitis, Chronic Cough, Congestion of the Lungs and Incipient Consumptien.

——-——— PREPARED BY ———

KENNETH CAMPBELL & CO.,

WICLESALsS ORUGGISTS,

603 Craig Street, - ' Montreal FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS. oct 3

NYTED.

-_-_— -

‘Vessels for Charter. | WA f

HARTERS WANTED for Vessels to load for Boston, Halifax or Cape Breton

GOOD ACTIVE CLERK for a General Store in the Country. A general know-

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W. J. BOSWALL,

Commission Merchant, McNoill’s Old Stand, Lower Queen St.

N STOCK :—Rarrels of KENT MILLS FLOUR. Other brands to arrive. Barrels Cornmeal, ** Beans and Split Peas, Boxes Cheese (Canadiar), Ba 1els Biscuit, Soda, ete., 10 barrels Onions, 20 half chests Tea, Boxes Murray Harbor Codfish, Barre’s Oatmeai, 5) bags Bran—car to arrive, (‘asks Kerosene Oil, ‘ 30 baskets Green Grapes, to arrive Friday. TO ARRIVE :—Bags Rice, boxes Valencia and Lyer Raisins, boxes Large Wigs, half chests Tea, 20 boxes Soap, boxes Pipes, kegs Baking Soda, Buckets and Brooms, at lowest cash prices,

WANTED IMMEDIATELY. 6,900 Bushels OATS, 500 “* BARLEY. W. J. BOSWALL. oct30—dy 3i wky li

—

ports. Apply to j ledge of Dry Goods and Bookkeeping neces- HORACE HASZARD sary. Must be well recommended. Apply Queen Square, Charlottetown, by letter, stating salary and length of ex- 29—dy } perience, Address Box 703, Charlottetown. oct 7 ) oci39—dy eod tf

TO LET.—A House on Pleasant Sireet, with : Stable and Coach House, Posse sivn imme- diate. —Wa, Dovp. seplze