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MODERN ETHIOPIA

‘Ilhe usual reference books tell ‘little of‘ what modern Ethiopia is _like, Of timely interest therefore, ;in view of the troubled East Afri- can situation, is the following de- scription fonn an article "Addis Ababa Today" in the Spectator, by John M. Melly.

Mr. Melly has just returned to England "filled with admiration for the way in which the Emperor

, (Selassie) has tackled the stupend- ‘ous task or introducing Western methods and organization into a. country which modern progress had never touched."

He finds the greatest advance 'from,the darkness of the centur- ies to the light_of civilization" is ‘in Addis Ababa. the mountain Capital. “After travelling three days on the Franco-Ethiopian railway, passing through hundreds of miles

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through orderly streets that once were lined with mud huts but now front stone buildings. The New Palace. furnished throughout by an Oxford Street firm, might have been in London's Mayfair instead of "dakest Africa." a

“In Addis Ababa. there are tele- phones, telegraph and electric lighting. several good hotels, two or three cinemas and many shops. . . . Hospital accommodation ex- ceeds that of mosbEnglish towns in the number o1 beds per 100,000 thousand population, and althou3h mostly run by missionary societies. it is to a great extent due to the Emperor that they exist at all.

"An earnest Christian himself, and a rule: of nominally Christian people, he has yet some 8,000,000 Mohammedans and pagans . consequently he has welcomed mis- sionaries into the country and made lavish gifts of land and money."

Mr. Melly states hospitals are located in many other towns and state schools are founded in many

B of wild and desolate country." he w a found a well-appointed station and f1“ g -~iuxurious taxis of American manu- . h ” facture. g Policemen conducted traffic ‘ ‘ d .c

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Editor and llnnullng Dirocto|—J. l. Burnett, I. J. l.

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m1 quality and uniform standard." a tribute which should encourage us to deserve and uphold it.

EDITORIAL NOTES The weather is the thing now.

It's not going to be any clean sweep next time.

The Liberal-Conservative workers are full of enthusiasm and determ- ined to make amends.

No. the flags were not flying in the city yesterday for the picnic at Victoria.

The Oddfellows are 60113710001 with the reception given them by citizens in general and the Mayor and City Council in particular.

The British Government spends sleepless nights and days attempt- ing to straighten out world difficult- ies of contending nations. It is just announced that diplomatic discus- sions between Great Britain and Japan on various political, economic and naval matters will be inaugur- ated in Tokyo this autumn with the arrival there of Sir Frederick Leith- Ross. British financial expert.

Hon. H. H. Stevens. Reconstruc- tion Party leader. will wind up his election campaign in Western Canada on Thursday and will then go to Quebec for two public meet- ings before starting a tour of the Maritimes. It is not definitely de- cldBd the points at which he will address meetings, but it is presum- ed Halifax, Saint John. and Char- lottetown will be ‘included.

The Exhibition is the first great event. Never has there been such a show Worthy to be termed an ex- positiom-over 6,000 entries, with 40 Riding Club exhibits to the bar- gain. The vaudeville promises to be the best ever-the Cimse Sensation reputedly being a real thriller-the best of four world records. Besides, the grounds are at their loveliest.

parts of the country. And further:

"The work of the low courts, the abolition or such useless punish- ments as that of amputation of the hand for robbery, the Emperor's gift of premises for a hospital for sick animals, his tireless fight against slavery. and the building of much-needed roads. are all ex- amples of less spectacular but vit- ally important reforms."

And this progress is spreading in an ever-increasing circle from the seat of Government in Addis Aba- ba. It isvonly as communications are improved, roads built. and aero- dromes constructed that it becomes possible to get each more distant province in turn organized and under control. Under present con- ditions many of the primitive border tribes are six weeks’ journ-

‘, ey from the Captal. Consequently. they are still comparatively law- less, and it is here that slavery has not yet been successfully dealt with, and that raids over the border oc- cur all too frequently.

“While European men. women and children have travelled and lived in safety in almost every other poo-t of the country. the Danakils, whose territory borders that of Italian Eritrea, remain wild, lawless and a real source of danger to anyone who dares to DBMi-rfl-IA. But even here the Government have made a start. and a. strong military post has recently been established.

“Ethiopia is still centuries behind

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and the buildings, stables, etc. looking their prettiest in coals of new paint and whitewash. Have a preliminary look round and see for yourselves.

Retail trade in United States. backed by wide gains already ach- ieved this year. is preparing for what some authorities believe will be the greatest forward drive of the recovery crn. During the first half of 1935, retail dollar sales were some six percent higher than for the first six months of last year. All major divisions reported uni- versal gains with the exception of variety chains. where a large in- crease by one firm offset small loss- es from the previous year chalked up by three others. Weekly reports since July 1 have confirmed the upward trend o1 sales.

In ection with the order of Premier Hepburn that all single men on the do‘.e must take to farm or road work in Northern Ontario.‘ a peculiar situation has arisen. Six doctors were appointed to examine the 1,096 single men. and reported that half o1 them were physically unnt for either farm or road work. And it was not a case of shirking, As men were ordered to step into the Class B ranks. disappointment was .obvious in almost every case. similarly, as the doctors reported others physically fit. the patients

European civilization , ." Mr. Melly concludes. "but such im- mense strides have been taken under the present Emperor's admin- istration that it would be difficult to question either his sincerity or’ his ability. one leaves Ethiopia with a feeling of having witnessed a fascinating spectacle-that of order emerging out of chaos.”

PROMOTING TRADE

'_ November exchanges received Australia demonstrate ou- misxwman the products

did not hide their glee.

Hon. E. N. Rhoda has been ac- complishing financial records these put few days. Sela by public ten- der of 830,000,000 in treasury bills maturing Nov. 1 was at the lowest interest rate ever secured. averag- ing less than 1 1-4 per cent. The bills were disposed of at an uvmagc price o! 009090.030 yielding 1.293700 per cent. Throe loans from the fed- eral treasury to the government‘ of Manitoba. amounting to 0650.000 and Qlpiring soc. 30. 86D!- 1 BM Sept. 20. have been consolidated and renewed u from Berti 1 for onccyeur. The new 10m will be secured by s treasury» bill bearini inieiut at four per cent. payable half-yearly.

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Notes By The Way

The failure o! nations, member; of the League. to disarm and thc cznsequent unfair bearing of the military clauses of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany gave the Nazis a fine popular program on patriotic lines wherewith to cap. ture the ima ination of Germans, hi“ the 5111M of discontent and hODIessness that really swept Ger- many into Hitler's arms has its or. 18in in the appalling economic con- ditions prevailing in that country.

Stories of “atrocltler In Ethiopia recall the wild yarns about Boer treatment cf’ “the poor ultlanders" before the last war in South Africa. In that case the further the atroc- ity reports travelled the worse they sot; and it may be the some 1n re- Bflrd t0 Italy's charges against the Ethiopians-Toronto Globe.

Mussolini has performed one-and I think only one-remarkable ad- ministrative feat in Italy. He has abolished the hooting of motor horns in Home and has thus trans- formed the noisiest and most. beau- tiful of the great European cities mta the most quiet and beautiful of them all. Anyone with experience of the Italian motorists passion for sounding his horn on every con- ceivable and inconceivable occasion will agree that this is a remarkable achievement. On must give praise where praise is due._A.C, in The New Statesman.

The League of Nations Council has succeeded in delaying, not pre- venting war between Ethiopia and Italy. The League has also ob- tnincd a reprieve for itself. The showdown will come in September. the month in which Mussolini plans to open hostilities, He has received fir warning from Anthony Eden that a declaration of war against Ethiopia will be likewise a. declara- tion of war 0n the League.

The Ethiopians have an eflective b05516 01y: "Die free". As rendered thus plthlly int) English, 1t would he hard to pack more feeling into two syllables. It recalls the Die Harris of the British Army, The regiment got its name from its col- onel‘s shouted command during a hot encounter in the Peninsula War: "Die hard, men, die hard!" ' “Fight cm, my men." quoth Lord Ranalcl.

“I am hurt but I am not 51am; I'll lay me down and bleed awhile. Then rise and fight againIK-Monc- ton Transcript.

There is a gentleman, resident in NPw York. who at the time of writ- ing ls enjoying a carefully-planned vacation in Ontario. For three months he “saved to travel," dfqp- P1113 in to the Canadian National oflice in New York frequently and on each occasion depositing with the axshier a sum ranging from $3.09 to $5.00 0n his "summer vaca- tion account." The transaction was completed recently when the depos- lfor forwarded to CE. Jenney, Gen- eral Agent a cheque for the balance required to cover his ticket from New York to an Ontario point, plus sleeping car space. All arrange- ments worc made and at the end of June the vacationist left for the wide open spaces, his transportation Chflfges taken care of by the ex- nedient of saving a little now and then in advance oi’ his vacation- C.N.R. Magazine.

You have heard of districts in Europe inhabited by Germans who want to join Germany. There is also one country in Europe where people want to join Britain. though they are not British. In five years Iceland will reconsider he: present association with Den- mark. A large and increasing ele- ment wants to seek admittance to the British Empire. It will not hap- pen. of course. But how significant that it should be suggested.—i'.on- don Sunday Express.

Goebbels is of! on the r mpula again. He has a way of giving Nazi- ism away completely. "We shall insist.” he says, "that the Churches take a positive national socialist attitude in politics." Not only in- dividuals but Churches must be positively Nazi; it will not be en- ough for them to refrain from being anti-Nazi. On this Nazi-ism will insist. There is the whole policy of the movement.

"Let us never forget that the English parliament had not, one man for its maker. no man made it; it grew. It was th~ natural out- come through long centuries of the common sense and good nature of the English people, who have al- ways preferred committees to dic- tators, elections to street fighting. and talking shop to revolutionary tribunals-Rt. Hon. Stanley Bald- win.

Italy's symptoms have been un- dei- close observation for some time. hey are feverish and Ethiopia is liable to be the »vlct¥m of her delir- ium. There is always the chance, however. that the fever may dbbroy Italy first. The League may have tried to secure her for a short time, but the League knows that the light threads with which she is bound may be snapped n any mo- ment. Ordinary diplomacy will have to be brought to bee: in the end: meanwhile the. treatment that promises best results is homeopa- thic, The basic trouble is economic: s good deal might be dmobv ap- olvinc egnomic pressure on Home.

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Bpjumes W. Burton, MD.

CHEWING THE FOOD IS ALWAYS NECESSARY

Nowadays wc are inclined to smile at the idea of Fletcher that every bite of food should be chewed about thirty times before it is allowed to go down into the stomach.

In these days when foods are soft and almost melt in the mouth there is not the same necd for chewing.

you that it is soft foods - lack o1 chewing which causes a poor cir-

' culation of the blood 1n the gums-

that is a great factor in causing pyorrhoea. And your doctor will fell you that lack of chewing the food is the cause of a great many cases of indigestion and stomach distress.

Now no one wants to sit and count the number of, chews 11c gives each bite of food, as it wou-d be some- thing very odd to behold, but there is no question but that most of us should chew our food more.

The breaking down of the food into small particles is not the most important job done by chewing; it is the mixing of the food with the saliva (the digestive juice .n the mouth) that means most 1n helping the proper absorption and digestion of food.

Nutrition experts inform us that starch foods make up about tivo- thirds of all the foods we eat. This means then that the digestion of starches is necessary to heaitb. If starches are not digested properly the individual is likely to have much discomfort and distress due to gas formation. ,

The starch foods are sugar, bread, potatoes, all the cereals and break- fast foods, macaroni, cakes. pastries, puddings, syrups, candy, Jams, jel- lies, fruits.

Now thc first start in the diges-

tion of starch foods occurs in the mouth where the ferment- tyalin- in the saliva turns the sta ch into sugar. By chewing the food a few times this ferment gets a chance w mix with the starch food and con- vert it into sugar. Sugar is quickly absorbed into thc blood and gives immediate heat and energy. As nothing happens to the starch when it reaches the stomach, any lack of the mouth digestive juice means the accumulation of undig- ested starches in the stomach. This gives rise to a sense of fullness or heaviness. distension by gas and much discomfort.

This distress and discomfort may be avoided in most cases if we will remember to chew the food long enough to get the saliva or mouth juice well mixed with our starch foods.

Vesuvious In Eruption

(Montreal Gazette)

It is a striking coincidence that at this critical juncture of Italian affairs, when war clouds darken the European atmosphere. Vesuv- ius is in eruption. It serves to stress the perilous course upon which Italy has embarked in threatening

nificant, too is the circumstance that Italy's warlike impulse should follow closely upon the heels of the Stress. conference in which Pre- mier Mussolini urged the need for the major European powers getting together in order to cope with the prevailing unrest of nations and discuss ways and means of attain- ing by mutual agreement European security. It was urged that a reg- ional pact. in which Great Britain. France. Germany and Italy could co-operate for the preservation of world peace would strengthen the League of Nations and smooth the way towards the reduction of arm- aments and help the European na- tions to economic revocery. What has now become of this program? The dramatic change of front by Premier Mussolini has not only wrecked the hopes based upon these four-power parleys. but has given. s. vicious stimulus to the very dan- gers it was his professed desire to avoid.

It is easier to start a fire than to stamp it out. There is the story of a certain Nicolas who invented a sa1t-mi'l to extract this commod- ity from the ocean. forgot the world required-to‘ stop its action and the aalt~ cargosank the ship. That fable has ‘it-s moral and its warn- ing for Premier Mussolini. would he but regard its application to the crisis in Italian affairs, the respon- sibility for which must. rest upon his shoulders. Whatever be the nature of his claims against Eth- iopia or (or consideration of his de- mandsin this diBDute. it assuredly has not helped matters that. in- stead of making some attempt to clear up difficulties and explain his position. the dictator should choose to pour out the vials of his con- tempt upon the League and that. presumably under his instigation. the Italian press should indulge itself in uncalled-for and bitter criticisms of B ‘ ‘ policy relative to this Ethiopian dispute. Abuse cannot be of anyssrvicrto Italy or advance any reasonable settle- mcntof this vexed problem. Mus- solini may refuse to tum the cards

fora! outside opinion in his favour “Ilighfilitiaadl or y,’ assumption, own dictum in this matter is lumcing ‘ Stiliflqs can he hops to who do not sec oyo him in this ofilis by five assaults upon Captain ‘lieu and Sir Samuel ‘when speeches have been nude the subject of 1ttook in the columns of and other Statements that covert enemy of Ab“ Ibo is jealous of Italian

assumed office in 1930 it was faced lth gver one billion dollars of War

. suing four years. In addition to

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hostile attack upon Ethiopia. Sig- ~~

111E CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN lInterest. Burden Cut

(Mail and Empire) when ths Bennett Government

the necessity of refunding and Victory Loan Bonds in the

refunding these outstanding loans. 15 was necessary to raise new money m: the current norms = 0f the Government. including unemploy- ment and farm relief and for defl- cm on the Canadian National Railways.

The following is a chronological statement of the various loan 099T- ations since 1930: .

IMO-issue or $100,000.00!) 4% bonds on October 1st. maturing October 1.1960. 501d M 5* m" 0f 4.33%, principal and interest P01’- able in New York. 925000.000 of the proceeds used to pay ofl in All’ rll, 1931, 5'? Public Service Loan; m5 effected c saving in annual in- terest clnrgcs of $155,000.

Lgug of $40,000,000 4% notes on December 1st maturing December 1. 1932, sold at par, issued to refund $45,000,000 3-year notes that mat- ured on December 1. 1030. The balance, $5.000.000, paid from 011511-

1931-111 Mav an oficr of conver- sion was mode to the holders of thc 5% war Imn maturing October 1. 1931, thc 515'", Renewal Loan mat- uring November l. 1932. the 556% Victory Loan maturing November l. 1933. and the 51.4"» Victory Loan maturing November l. 1934. Th’? new bonds were for a term of 25 years with the option of being call- ed by the Government at the end oi‘ 15 years. The coupon rate was 4'1"». The new bonds carried ad- justment couprns which, with the regular 4%"; coupons, gave the holder the rate of interest carried by the old bonds until their matur- ity dates. Also in the case of con- versions cf the tax-free 1933 issue the new bonds were tax-free until November 1. 1933. _

The effect of this Conversion Loan in annual interest saving (after the saving became fully cf- fectivel was as follows: 5% 1931 War Loan. $215,628; 515"?» 1932 R0- newal Loan, $375,232; 51/1‘??- i918 Victory Loan. 52.766881; 516% 1919 Victory Loon. 52,896,933; total sav- ing. $6,254,074.

In November thc-re was issued the National Service Loan. in two maturities of five and ten years. The bonds carried a. coupon rate of 5%. and were issued at a cost of 5.17% for the five-year bonds and 5.13% far the ten-year bonds. The amount subscribed totalled $221,- 198,200. divided as follows: $70,535.- 200 five-year nnd $141,663,000 ten- year. -

1932-As issue of $50,000,000 415% one-year treasury bills was sold in August to the chartered banks at par.

An issue of $60,000,000 4% onc- year treasury notes was sold in October in New York. the proceeds used to pay cff treasury bills mat- uring December 1. 1932. amounting to $40.000,000. and a temporary bank loan of $15,000,000. The bal- ance was used for current purposes.