MARCH 1. 139

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THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

Farming and Agriculture i:-: Special Features

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If we-were a paper manufacturing Prov- ince there would be some excuse for, fav- ouring cheap import- ed butter.

Canada 3 ‘Trade Fprmliast Year

For the calendar year ending De- ceinber s1, 102a. Canada's total trade amounted to $2,596,448,i13, an in- crease of $270,548,179 over the figures for the year 1927.‘ The total ex- ports exceeded imports by $151,852,- 291, the figures being:-

mports—$1,374,180,l97; 51.222.317.916.

Agricultural and vegetable products accounted for over»50 per cent. of the export trade, those commodities totalling $651,078,560, an increase of more than one hundred million doi- lars over the figures for 1927. Wood and paper exports amounted to $289,- 125,744. or somewhat over eight mil- lion dollars increase from the pre- vious year.

with regards to imports the larg. est items were iron and its products of which Canada imported $322,959,- 144. or nearly seventy-five million dollars more than in 1927.

Till! BEST CUSTOMERS

The countries of the British Em-

imporis —

pire, in the aggregate, were Canada's

best customers during the year, tak- ing goods valued at $545,453,731, an increase of $45,000,000 ‘over the prgvl- ous twelve months. The United Kingdom bought from Canada goods valued at $446,138,758, and sold to Canada commodities with a value oi $190,712,951.

Pmm tustrslia. during the year Canada imported 93,922,266. and ex. ported to that Commonwealth 210,- 273,158. New Zeeland sold to Can- ada $0,401,004, line bought $15,001,223. Canada's purchases from Australia declined by over two and a half mil- lion dollars, while her sales increas- ed over a quarter of a million. New Zealand increased her exports to Canada by three million dollars, and her imports by about the same fig- ure.

From France Canada bought goods valued at $26,940,329 and sold only $2,300,346 to that country.

The United States was Canada's second best customer, purchasing goods valued at $492,541,120, an in- crease oi eighteen million dollars over the previous year. On the other handLCanada bought from the neighbouring 1 blic commodities valued at $826,740,612. en increase oi $115,000,000 from 1927.

(Special to The Guardian)

NEW YORK, Feb. 27.-'I'he agree- ment reached. here today for settle- ment of the newprint price at $55.20 and for equalization of production at 7| percent. of capacity will mean much to Ontario and wil. represent 85,000,000 to the Abfilbi Power and Paper Co., which has been down to 50 per cent. production.

Signing of the agreement was con- summated tonight, it is understood. iii a meeting in the International Pa- per Co., offices and attended by A. R.- Graustein, President; Joseph L. W91‘- ing, "Vice-President and Sales Man- ager and other officials. ‘

With approximately 2,100 tons a day total production at all their plant! upon the completion of construction now under way, Abltibi will be ss- sured of 1.01s tons a day. at browni- I-lolt-Gundy Mill» rocrewiirii "Y Lrurohtiiis, mooabo. Boise-Growl"! Paper 00., and Port Alfred Pull? 5‘ Paper co., have a total pwiiiifliii" of 1,700 tons. inisiurtlopai ruin "iii Paper oo. which w» suarmifld iii" cut in its production would be Pei’- nlittsd in its United. States 111""- has a total tonnage in Canada 0! approximately 1.100 ions. with 2°“ under construction at Delhousle. N- 13,, and a part‘ interest Batburst with 1900 ions. Since Canada exported roughly 1,000,000" tons of newsprint lowers talus States 1n 1m. the Ibviit to the Canadian manufactur- m, from sflbilidiil 9i i!" 194""? will moan alinosftiitfliltm a viii’;

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A PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.

Since the adoption of hog gradihg

as a national policy in 1921 commer. cial hog production has been carried on along very definite lines and the bacon hog is now quite generally ac- cepted as the Canadian standard. The general improvement in the type oi hogs finding their way to our 6106K yards and ahattoirs has been clue in no small degree to the qual- ity.of our pure bred stock. It isos- sential that commercial hogs shall continue to ‘make steady improve- ment from year to year if Canada l8 20in: to be able to compete suc- cessfully on world markets and ex- pand he: swine industry. ‘This con- tinued improvement of commercial hogs depends to aiarge extent upon the pure bred breeder. Advanced Registration for Pure Bred Swine, as outlined in this policy, provides the basis whereby minimum standards of qualification can be established covering such points as individuality, prolificacy, uniformity in litters and the production oi ideal market hogs. It is expected that as the policy becomes generally ‘applied, it will eliminate the use oi inferior breed- ing stock in our pure bred herds. . Other countries have had to deal with} similar condition and have erected machinery which is making available information for the estab- lishment of progressive national pol- icies in swine breeding. enmark has a most complete system oi breed- ing 0nd testing stations. Sweden end certain provinces in Germany have also developed policies for the more exact breeding of pure bred hogs. The project is under way in Great Britain and is being urged and contemplated in the United States. It will thus be realized that various agencies interested in swine produc- tion in a. number of oountrim other than Canada have developed or are striving to develop policies of ad- vanced Registry Board will continue their respective needs:

In evolving a policy for theAd- vanced Registry of Pure Bred Swine

able unsci- Canadian conditions, the Department has had the advice of the Advanced Registry Board which is representative of the breeder, fann- er, National Records Committee, ex- perlmentalist and packer. The Ad- vanced Registry Board will continue to advise the Department in regard to the policy until such time as it has passed the preliminary or formative period. , From the outset data col- lected under the policy will permit of the tabulatlng of information which can be used for the establishment oi informative pedigrees and at a later date, if approved by the Canadian Swine Breeders‘ Association, could then he included. under our Canadian National Live Stock Records.

OUTLINE OE POLICY

The policy as decided upon is vol- untary and embodies the recordin; of such data and information on the prgggny g5 can accurately and reli- ably be secured. Such information Wm, when prdpgrly applied. T811801’. the quality and production capacity of the parents. 1t is proposed w continue the collection and ffifiiiidin! or production data durins the entire life oi any sow or boar entered un- d“ ml; pollcy, In this manner through time a corniiliii?" "id Wm‘ prehensive pedigree would be avail- able for the ancestors oi our Pil! used for breeding purlmli-

1n “prying out this programme. breeders will have the asslstliiiifl 01 officers of the Department 1°’ ‘h’ purpose oi insurind 599""? “d uniformity inddentiiication Ind in collectinl Ind "ciirdmg d!“

TIIE MARKING SYSTEM.

A comprehensive markinfl Wm“ for maintaining absolute identifica- tion has been worked out. ‘I'm-l mpg-km; is to be done by fill-Wm! i“ the rm. and is miimw" "‘ m“ successive generations of oriliiili sows can be easily and imfmm’ identified. A nerd oh beina lwvi‘ ,4 gm- ontry will he allotted the mo- ssssry 00W“ ‘mwmum w: eaehbroodsowand thosewlllbotlt- mos in the left ear of each sow at the u.» of the first impedin- i-ii‘ tors shall bl tattooed or the WW‘ m-ln the ltft earwlth the family or foundation character loner: I; a number dsnotinl "I! "'1'" generations nmimii "P" a” w‘?

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Advanced Registry For Pare Bred Swine

PRIVATE HERD RECORD

The method oi keeping the private herd record in the case of sows un- der test is most essentla/l in the regu- lar and authentic collection oi data. In keeping thisrecord up to date, breeders will have the assistance of the officers oi the Department.

SLAUGHTER TEST.

It will be readily appreciated that the carcass value is the only true and accurate measurement of the ability of our breedings hogs to produce a product which-satisfies the pork and bacon requirements of our domestic or ex rt markets, The plan, there- fore, includes a ‘slaughter test cover- ing n portion of the progeny of one litter oi each sow entered under the policy. The breeder is required to nominate at the time oi the inspec- tor's visit, five pigs, such pigs to be destined for the slaughter test. Four of these pigs, after being reared and finished for market. will be shipped to an abattoir to be designated by the inspector. The information to be‘ derivedvfrom the test shall be as follows (1) Number oi days from birth to slaughter; (2) live weight: (3) carcass weight: (4) weight of Wiltshire: (5) weight oi Willshire trim; (6) percentage loss in dressing; (7) percentage Wiltshire; (8) per- centage Wiltshire trim; (9) thickness oi back fat; (10) thickness of belly; (11) length oi body; (12) depth of heart girth; (13) depth at flank; (14) percentage shoulder; (15) per- centage middle; (16) percentage ham; (17) grade of Wiltshire; (18) c1... oi Wiltshlre; (10) firmness oi fat: (20) character oi belly.

INSPECTION

Herd inspections will be made by officers oi the Department when pigs are from four to eight weeks of age before weaning. Inspectors will fur- nish a written description of all breeding ‘animals on first inspection and new animals added to the herd pectic-s reporting de- finitely upon the type and individ- uality of the sires and dams having litters entered for Advanced Regist- ry. _They will also weigh the in- dividual pigs in each litter and tattoo all hogs according to the plan set out in this policy.

COMPIDATION AND RECORDING DATA

All information contained on the application for entry, on the inspec- tor's repoltregsrding individuality, size oi litters,.weight oi litters, mark- ing, etc., and on the slaughter test report will be compiled. The basis of qualification for advanced regist- ration has not been decided upon, but at the end oi the first year when the first set oi records is available and the Advanced Registry Board has had an opportunity to consider them, it may then be possible to decide definitely on a minimum requirement for qualification.

HERD SIR-ES

Information pertaining to prolific- acy, uniformity oi litters and their quality as revealed by the slaughter test will be automatically credited to the boars airing the litters oi the sows entered upon the Advanced Registry Policy. As soon as a basis of qualification for sows for Ad- vanced Registration has been decid. ed upon it will then be in order to establish a basis of qualification for boars. ‘Until then a. list-of‘ all boars having four litters represented in the slaughter tmt may beppuhlished. This list in addition to- the name, number and description oi the boar will show the number oi litters sired, number oi pigs, uniformity of litters and a summary of the performance of those litters reppsented in the slaughter test. ’ ' " '

MAKING ADVANCED sadism! OFFICIAL‘

mtry of the breeder of purebred hogs under the Advanced Registry Policy is voluntary. _'.l'bere is at pre- ssnt no official connection between it and the prsscntfornroi registri- tion under .1210 Canadian National Live Stock-lueords. Thalatier body, MIGHT. il Nlflllfliibd on the Ad- and it is hoped that as‘ the mile! becomes oo- oporsuvrans eoriioiutratir its rouse- avu~ and ‘value to ibfloansdan swine morals-v. it ‘will idrnt the basis on 1am enhpiuimrin and infom- me pedigree than b at paint pal-

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(Second Article)

Plans for the beautification of the approaches to the Peace Bridge at Fort Erie and the new International Bridge at Windsor were discussed, and the 0.1-1.8. hopes to play a part in making these gateways so lovely that our incoming and departing guests will carry with them a first impression and a last memory that will be a thing of beauty.

The program was packed full oi matter intensely interesting to gar- den enthusiasts. For the rural gard- ener there was special interest in the address given by F. R. Heywood, Tor- onto, on Rook Gardens. These hardy gardens take kindly to such condi- tions as obtain on a busy farm and their ‘inirmor style gives Just the right note where simplicity and nat- ural effects are most desired. Mr. Heywood strongly condemned the effort to reproduce mountain scen- ery, es well as the opposite extreme, known as the graveyard style, in which stlffiy upright stones rub the effect of all beauty. A rock garden is a place to grow flowers, declared the speaker, and a sloping bank or a, de- pression make anldsal setting. This garden should not be placed near buildings or big trees, but a back- ground oi dwarf evergreens is ideal. The soil is a good quality loam-Z parts well rottedcow manure, 1 part good leaf soil, 2 parts contalnlnga liberal additional of broken lime stones, bricks, sand and stone chips. A good depth of soil is essential as some of the tiny plants will ‘have roots running down for two feet. There are only two right kinds of stone for a rock garden, and of these

cords and all boars or breeding age in the herd must also be registered in the Canadian National Live Stock Records.

2. A breeder to participate in this policy must be the owner of at least three brood sows and one herd boar.

3. Applications may also be con- sidered frompure bred so\v clubs on the provision that no less than five sowsare entered. '

4. All applications on the part of breeders for entry shall be made on a special form which all breeding sowsand herd boars must be listed. On this list thcsc sows on which in- formation is to be collected must be indicated. Upcn the application of, a breeder being approved. entry forms will be provided for those in- dividuals so indicated. These entry forms must be in the hands of the Department oi Agriculture not later than sixty days before farrowillg.

5. Breeders entering animals un- der this policy will be required to keep up-to-date herd records, to mark their hogs according to the specified plan and render freely all.’ such information as is required un-i der this policy.

6. Pigs sent to the slaughter test will be fed for one day after arrival, then starved over night. will take place the following mom- ing at 8 o'clock. All carcass calcu- lations will be based on this weight.

'1. While pigs must be not less than 190 lbs.. and not more than 230 lbs. in weight, breeders should aim to have their pigs weigh as near 200 lbs. as possible.

8. The four pigs forwarded to the slaughter test, need not necessarily be shipped at the one time, but each pig may be shipped at it reaches its proper development.

9. In shipping pigs to designated points of slaughter, the breeder, where necessary, shall ship express collect. The Department will pay the express charges. Where the breeder is situated within trucking distance of the poilft oi slaughter, he will be expected to deliver hogs at his own expense.

10'. An officer of the Department will take care of pigs upon arrival at slaughtering point, pend ,wili look after ‘ceding at that point. The expense of feed in this instance shall be born by the breeder and will be deducted from the price of his hogs.

11. All forms ior recording data and keeping private herd records will be supplied by the Department.

12. The Depsrinnent will appoint inspectors whose duties shall be to weigh and tattoo all hogs, assist in keeping" private herd records and in keeping breeders informed as to the operation oi this policy. "

l8. _The Department may, on the advice ‘bf the Advanced Registry Board. discontinue recording any or alldata on any herd if, in the opin- ion of the Board, t-heqilllity of the stock ll note! asuiiicisnt filth standard or if tbslnlsaagemsot of the hernia not in helping with the spir- it of- the b01107.

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Beauty Our Best Asset: Horticulturists ‘Talk

Weighing H

the first choice is limestone, with sandstone second. Never use gran- ite, which is hard and unkind to the plants. The rockery is built from the bottom up and care is taken to bury the stones with one-half to two- thirds of their body in the soil, giv- ing them a downward slope into the hank, so that water and rain will he carried down into the earth and not thrown off. The effect should be perfectly natural when completed. Early fall is the best time to con- struct a rockery, advises Mr. Hey- wood.

Another subject with a special ap- peal to rural gardeners and flower lovers was that of the preservation of wild flowers. Mrs. W. J. Hanna, of Sarnia, had prepared a. splendid pa- per on this question, which was read by Mr. Moore.

"We used to have the comfortable feeling that our forests were illimit- ahle," saicLMrs. Hanna, ‘that fires and disease and careless methods of lumbering did not matter, but new we find that vast sums must be spent each year in pr- teoting what we have from fire, and that this year 20,000,- 000 little pine trees alone must be planted for replacement if our chil- drcn are to have their heritage of for- est wealth. 'i"he same thing is hap pening with our native plants, swamps are drained for farm lands, com- mons are cut up into city lots, road- side flowers are cut down when roads are widened, to make motor traffic safer, so that every year sees more and more of our native plants dis- zppearing. Added to these causes, there is the greedy, thoughtless plucking of wild flowers, leaving none for seed. then the ignorant pulling up of roots of wild flowers, later to be planted often in unsuitable locations, then there is the heedless destruc- clon oi flowering shrubs and trees in the spring.

"It might be of interest to tell what the Sarnia Society did last year along the line of encouraging conservation of wild flowers. We were lucky en- ough to run ‘across a list’of wild flowers that, with slight changes, was adapted to our locality. This list was divided into flowers-first, thatshould never be picked, such as lilies and pink lady slipper‘; second those like columbino and lupin that may be’ picked in moderation, if enough rae left ior seed; third, others like gol- denrod and Queen Anne's lace, that may be picked freely. We had 2,000 of these lists printed. We put them up in filling stations. railway stations and bus waiting rooms. with ‘Take One Card‘ hanging above them. We sent them to leaders of Girl Guides and Boy Scouts. camping near us. h‘... were glad to iecrh later that a gre t deal more interest than usual vlasxreated in that subject.

“At our spring flower show, a shal-

low zinc-lined box was filled with l-lch earth and in it were planted one each oi_' the common spring flowers. , Solomon's seal, Jack in the pulpit. Small cards plainly printed gave the correct name of each, and a sign (Please Help to Preserve These Wild Flowers), hung about the table- Books 11kg the ‘Wild Flower Guide,‘ Schuyler and Matthews. ‘Field Book oi American Wild Flowers,’ were on a nearby table. This box of plants spent the summer at a boys’ camP near the lake and created a 8T6“ d9“ oi interest. Continuing, Mrs. Hanna had many suggestions ior local societies and in- dividuals. She uched on the need for an informed public opinion. which would prevent the sale on our markets of large hunches of row plants, such as maiden hair fern and lady clippers, lupins and anemones. At Christmas. she suggested that the man who brings in little trees should be made to tell where they were ob- tained. At present, such trees may have been stolen from the wood lot of a farmer, or out from the to? 01 the decorative trees on the purchas- er's own lawn. A siidlflflmii 1°? u" beauty loving farmer was that polite glgng be put up eskin the tourist-l not to pick flowers nor iniii" lbw“- A nne or two imposed by I ‘Wm magistrate might be good education-i work. Theuseofpootorsilallotf- iective. The famous one tiiiiil" vulri Nature Grand," has prom! most useful at Bernie. This denim apnea lovely field from which ruth- less pionioerr are osrrvins oil WW1 thing that moo it 10101!- Ih clos- ing, flu-s. Hanna pleaded for a few more Lady 37M! iii 90m” m‘ said if the present destruction eon- iinuuvnmsysoonbavetossnd to England for samples of our own beau- tiful and famous wild sown-r.

_'l'hO importance of plscinl flMNfl/ in natural settinll was emphalild bynraoollinsiovnoroptitinotsik on hulh plsnungh Ior instance.‘ a largo and lonely aim use should have

" joy forever if some wild iris is grown

:-: Interesting Observations

NEWSY FARM By Agricola

ports of Rfodesian tobacco exceeded 11,000,000 1b. ‘or _ four and iive times as great cs5 largest quantity previously 1m n ' in any other year, but this totd