,f'i"egions of Nova Scotia

APRII) 21. 1951

teo-cords-ccai-ooc-o

oooooow - NEWSY NOTES -

By J. A. Cllrk. I156.

The Soils of P. E. Island

The soils of Prince Edward Is- land were formed from sandstone, male, conglomerate and limestone, rocks. These rocks, during the -glacial period, were striated by glaciers that moved across the is- land carrying with them the soft- er deposits and leaving ridges of the harder beds of sandstone. con- glomerate and limestone. The gen- tly undulating hills and broad val- leys of the province were thus formed. The glaciers moved in two definite directions, probably -at different periods of time; viz. north-east and south-west; and north-west and south-east. There

gin also evidence in Prince County of a movement from west to east. They having partially denuded the area, which was later to be the Is- land, of soil previously formed, brought later drift deposits and reciothed the valleys and naked ridges with fragments of sand- stone, shale, conglomerate and limestone mixed with deposits of boulder clay.

The geologist tell us the Island was submci-1;”. at that time and for and afterwards. During the latter period, icebergs carried soil, gravel and boulders considerable distances to drop them here. They report that some of the stones and pebbles on the shore east of St. Peters, are of Laurentian origin,

l ."lind probably came from Labrador:

that the boulders scattered through Prince County were drop- .ped from icebergs when the Is- land was emerging from the sea and came from the metamorphic and New Brunswick.

The Record From Jacques Car- . tiei-'s Log

Jacques Cartier on his first visit to the Island on June 30. 1534. de- scribed the North shore thus: "All the said land is low and flat. or the fairest that may possibly be seen, and full of beautiful trees and meadows." The next day, July i, he landed four times between North Cape and West Point, and then recorded he saw evidence that the soil had been cultivated by the natives: "The grounds where no trees are. are very fair and full of peas. white and red goose- bcrrles, strawberries and wild wheat. like rye, which seems to have been sown there and cultivat- ed."

The Early French settlement

In 1720 a few French Settle- ments were founded on the Is- land. Near Port La Joie there was one "farming community that gave little or no attention to other em- oloymenis". The crops were abun- dant amounting in 1730 to two thousand bushels of grain. Mr.

OOOOOOQ

Island in 1752, describing the soil near the site that later became Charlotttetown, wrote: "The soil Is light, somewhat sandy and suit- able for cultivation."

Soil Notes by Geologist

sir J. William Dawson, in a re- port published in 1871. describes our soils as follows: "The great wealth of Prince Edward Island consists in its fertile soil, and the preservation of this in a produc- tive state is an object of impera- tive importance. The ordinary soil of the Island is a bright red loam, passing into a stiff clay on the one hand, and a sandy loam on the other. Naturally it contains all the mineral requisites for cul- tivated crops, while its abounding in peroxide of iron enables it rap- idly to digest organic manures and also to retain well their ammonia- cal products."

Description By the Dominion Chemist

Dr. Frank T. Shutt. in his bul- letin No 100, "The Soils of Prince Edward Island, Their Nature and Composition" published in 1928 states: "In respect to texture, col- our and physical character gen- erally, the soils of this series are very similar; they are sells for the most part which have been de- rived from the soft red sandstones and other representatives of the Triassic formation. According to accepted classifications. practically all these soils would be classed as isandy or fine sandy loams' only two or three contain sufficient silt or clay to class them as loams."

Notes By the Soil Chemist at Charlottetown

In unpublished "Notes on Soils of P. E. I." Mr. G. B. Whiteside wrote: "The Soil Survey (Recon- naissance type) has classified the soils into 11 groups or soil series with three miscellaneous soils Salt Marsh, Dune Sand and Peat, which do not fit into a recognized soil series."

"Ind-espect to texture the sur- face soils range from fine send. through fine sandy loam to clay loam, with fine sandy loam pre- dominating. The greater propor- tion of the subsoils are fine sandy loam to clay loam. zmhoush local- ly they are usually referred to as Brick clay. Broadly speaking, the soils of the Province are medium textured. Fine and very fine sand forms a high percentage of the mineral fraction - from 20 to 40 per cent. The silt content is rela- tively high while the clay fraction forms a small percentage."

Soil Changes The soils analyzed by Dr. Shutt had in most cases been cultivated for over 100 years. with the loss of the clay and silt particles. through wind and water erosion

Thomas Plchon on a visit to the

sorvollvol .

many of our soils, have changed, .

Conservative Roads

;

Silver F ox. and '

E

moxwww

The annual meeting of the Can- adian Natlonal Fox Breeders As- sociation will be held in the Laur- entien Hotel Montreal on Monday June lath. All those who were pre- sent at the last annual meeting, held there, will agree with us that it is an ideal place.

.

Women's ear Daily has this to

0

say re the ncreased tax on Furs.

The increase in the Canadian fur excise from 15 to 25 per cent at the dressing and dyeing level, and the similar increase in the tax of imported fur garments. announced in the Canadian budget will temp- orarily cut down the amount of buying here by Canadians, market sources believe.

Canadians, anticipating the tax boost. bought heavily here and elsewhere during the early months of the year. Therefore, it is said

is they are presently well stock- ed in furs skins and garments.

Last week, however, at the East- wood and I-loll, Inc., persian lamb sale, Canadians bought 'very few bales. due partially to the immi- nence of the budget message and the uncertainty of the extent of in- creases. In addition, the continued strength of persian prices restrain- ed some Canadians from buying their normal amounts. Usually, they take about 15 to 18 percent of a persian lamb collection. At the Eastwood sale. they took only n few per cent of the total.

Earlier this year, Canadians bought heavily of persian, muskrat, mink, squirrel and other items, to get them processed on the 15 per cent tax basis.

since the early settlement, from "bright red loam, passing into a stiff clay on the one hand. and a sandy loam on the other," to "san- dy or fine sandy loams."

The staff at the Charlottetown Experimental station made two land surface surveys with instru- ments, of the same area and us- ing the same bench marks, in 1910 for underdrainage work and in is?!) in laying out a soil conserva- tion project. These indicated that where row crops had been culti- vated up and down a ten per cent slope. the loss of soil was about six inches. or the entire top soil. while on the land below with a two per cent slope, four inches of for- tile soil had been deposited.

Prince Edward Island is blessed with the five essential gifts of na- ture that nourishes plant life and

non-ts all animal and human life, namely: soil, water, heat. air and sunlight. Of these the soil is the one we can improve or waste. "SAVE AND IMPROVE OUR SOILS" is recommended as a ”:)3d slogan for 1951.

wood has been

Si h m ton north are "going south" by way of ng a ghway intersection just eas of pavement about two miles north

No. 10

Mr. Bell is Invited to examine file above picture.

TIMELV NOTES on roiics

.4" V

CONIIECTEO VIITII

Mink Farming

Although American merchants look for a temporary slowdown in Canadian interest, they feel that after they get straightened out and adjusted to the new tax and after they dispose of some of the mer- chandise they accumulated, buying will again return to normal. How long this will take is anyone's guess, those questioned asserted.

They also feel that had this tax increase occurred in the midst of a ”hot" market. there would have been little effect. However, the market here has been sluggish and that is why Americans expect ihisl slowdown in demand.

Canadian Comment.

MONTREAL. April ll-The in. crease in the Canadian excise tax on furs from 15 to 25 percent, which is levied at the dreaing and dyeing stage. is not expected in itself to hurt retail fur business. Higher personal income taxes ef- fective July I together with oth- er tax boosts announced in last night's budget speech in Ottawa probably will curtail consumer spending and in that sense iur sales may be hit, particularly when August sales begin, trade factors here suggest.

The fur industry generally is re- lieved that the so-called piuxury" tax on 1115 has not been relmpos- ed

til

Imported fur garments now will pay 25 instead of 15 per cent ex- cise tax on importation. to count- er-balance the increase in the levy at dressing and dyeing stage.

The excise tax on furs produced s2,l)37.000 for the Canadian Ex- chequu in the past fiscal year. of- ficial figure show. Finance Minis- ter Abbott expects the fur tax this year will yield 34,300,000.

A champagned color

As

Mutation W

ent breeder and fox farming auth- ority also President American Fox Breeders Association.

0 O 0

Experiments "undertaken in the

I

appearing recently in These columns. hif Mr. R. R. Bell on The row. The Con- lhe pictures were only of new sections in Ontario where no roads had pre-

w Tl-IE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN lY' Boys” Work Secretary

The National Boys' Work Secre- tary of the Canadian Y. M. C.A's, Les Vipond, will iottetown Association on April 23 and 24. While in the Vipond will address a. joint supper meeting of all I-Ii-Y Clubs at the Y.M.C.A. on Monday evening and will also meet the Y.M.C.A. Pro- gram Committee and confer with local staff and Board members. He will also meet with the P. E. I. Camping Association on Monday afternoon.

Mr. Vipond is a former General Secretary of the Halifax Y.M.C.A. where he served for six years un-

ationls staff as Program Secretary n 1941. He is a native of Hamil- ton, Ontario, and a. graduate of the University of Toronto.

While in the Vipond will meet with Y. M. GA. groups boys working in Y.M.C.A. program.

Fellowship of Hi-Y Clubs, he will also meet with these Clubs in sev- eral Maritime centres. time communities without Y.M.C.A. facilities will also be visited in the interests of extending boyst work

Maritime Y. M. C. A. Boy5' Work

Editorial in the American and Market Journal stresses need for "Clean Pure Water" for foxes and mink.

be

611

visit the Char- city Mr.

to w 1947, having joined the Assocl- W to

Maritimes. Mr. concerned with advising the

Secretary of National

Some Mari-

those centres under the new

Fur the

O

"The wives of the nation should

qualities of beer. They should be convinced with their husbands may properly drink beer under any and all cir-

Iaook at the results of drinking on family life!

"The sociological effect of drink- ing in the home is shown by the fact that 7'1 per cent of the wo- men patients at the stitute in 1985 were -The Christian Advocate.

The director of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Great

Britain saldz, "It is no exaggeration

cruelty.were due to drink." C. C.

port or deserting

"Oh God that man an enemy in his mouth to away his brain."-Shakespeare.

Oh could I strike a mortal blow As Lincoln did for Like him I'd strike, this demon

W.C.T.U. NOTES

OBJECTIVE OF THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC

(As stated by themselves)

"Leisure moments should be inextricably intertwined wit beer. Beer during golf, beer during the vacation trip, beer while tak- ing the long business or pleasure ride. beer when viewing the mov- ies. beer when reading the mags.- zine, beer when sitting at home listening to the radio. impressed with

the domestic

that they, together

mstances." BUT

Keeley In- housewives. "

say that 90'z: of the cases of eeks, Alcohol and Human Life. The Judge Baker Foundation re- rted 392 fathers falling to sup- their families. und that 797; were alcoholic, DOES DRINKING HELP OR HINDER THE HOME?

THE DEMON PLAGUE I

- I I

I

I

should put stcal

at thee, I slaves to setl

them free; to retard.

Mink Coat claimed to be the last . . G95 h9'Pl"B '"e- W W I0 8W1 one in existence is being shown at EX'9e"510” W019” which 1' Ch”";ed "Id h"d' y Kent and Francis Fur Model by MR MW Tiber” of 59”" 5””; h m M . .. House in London, Engjgnd. The Mr, James tlvltaionngllawof ;:;rt1ei:eg,IO: T eplaigltelve ccrgdren raise then color of the skins rchased in Secre ary o S H ' . Copenhagen is descrlbled by Major project and will visit certain non- Oft fciiryt fordbrdeiad, while mothersl Cyril Kent managing director as Y.M. C. A. communities with Mr. Iidlll an et.h y ! "Champagne with slight Honey Vipond. Regigldesaaagn e m"”w' mm! Stripe." All those procurable have - 1 been used in the coat which is w I Thntuggildgrg bsleixifer. men willy loose style with tuxedo fronts of United states yprove positively the Andq won it W0me'n,s CW nudl dark blue. brown mink. Export value of Hog liver in the feeding heedless ask -' 1 price which means that the tax is of Mink during gestation. Kits Wm waste sized precious ume , not included is 3,000 pounds-s9,o0o thrive much more where it is part and drum mg glass ' in Canadian Mloney. ' of the diet. ' U I C 0 C U . Older fox breeders will learn Yellow Fat disease is another M”oJ1”e';5,S;1(: no thought mil with regret of the passing of Dr. problem U. S. A. mink farms are They staggelf on lmheedmgl Isiiair Charles Moore of Michigan. fgncgyuizltelriniziv It is best coped With where they gay ' I 9 W35 0' man! YW5 it F'0m'"' Y e6 "13 9f- , , Oh cruel drink, with full seductive:

power, I

For luring mortals in temptations

hour.

h Brother Man, for God's sake

think awhile;

EIIHY,

You may be strong to drink your And. like the British lion. stront.

glass and smile,

And pass along your way, yet none the worse,

But see. your weaker dreads the curse,

brother

and bol Or English bulldog, Have We Hold."

"Whit WI

James MacGregor

And, struggling to resist it, vainly Warbler."

tries

And falls within his tracks, and gasping dies.

God give us victory. for this we

pray: We stand as brother man in stem

HISTORIC BITE!

More traditional ceremonies an re-enacted yearly in London than in any other city in the world.

INVITATION

ACCEPTED.

Our meeting of North Side Poll Workers sched- uled for New Glasgow Hall Monday evening April 23rd, has been postponed until

WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 25th.

We hereby accept the

invitation of the Conserv-

ativev Candidates to participate in their meeting at North Rustico on April 23rd. '

Signed:

W. R. Le'PAGE, GEO. KITSON.

POLITICAL

The undersigned will address the Electors of 2nd? King's at the following places and dates:-

ST. THERESA HALL, April 23rd at 8 P. M.

Opposition candidates

will be given half the time.

HARVEY DOUGLAS, THOMAS CULLEN,

MEETINGS.

are invited to attend and

Liberal Candidates.

PROGRESSIVE

C. J.

Monday 23-J. Augustine

BROADCAST PROGRAM

Friday 20-Foster Sharp-1.00-1.15 p.m.

Friday 20-Major MacDonald-5.45-6.00 p.m. Saturday 21-Mrs. Donald Lidstone-11.45-12.00 a.m. Saturday 21-Robert B. Dewar-5.45-6.00 p.m.

Monday 23-Col. E. H. Strong-8.30-8.45.

CONSERVATIVE

R. W.

use Nmc ,,

"The Giei -

Gallant-1.00-1.15 p.m. ,

JUST A MINUTE, Mr. BELL!

The pictures of muddy Tory roads in Ontario. servallve Leader lashed out over the radio thal- viously existed.

HIGHWAY-Because of its swam closed 20 miles south from Sing

Owen Sound or Barrie. t of Shelburne. Two cars shown a of Homing: Mills.

-like surface, Highway 24 between Shel

ampton to intersection with

fdton from a more recent issued the Globe showing Highway-.84 in Conadds only Tory Province - a picture of a road which in Ontario have had charge of times! since Confodoroflon.

burne and Coiling-

Highway 10. Residents from

-if

One man travels 100 miles to reach bove in distance are parked on end

And Moll of Toronto (Con- succosslvc Conservative Governments

I

- ' . Inserted by the P.E.I.

In Ontario