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CTheDaily Examiner

FEBRUARY 12, 1886.

Treaties and Trade Relations with the United States.

Arter a long and bloody conflict, in

which the American Colonists showed great bravery and endurance, Great Britain, on the 30th of November, 1782, acknewledged the iudependence of the United States, and hostilities ceased, the last bayle of the great Revolutiovary war having been fought on the 24th o! Jane of that year. Preliminary treaties of peace were at once signed by the United States and Great Britain, and on the 3rd of September, in the year fol- lowing, definite peace treaties were entered into between the two countries which continued ia force until the war of 1812 broke out. Up to this time, American fishermen enjoyed very exten- sive privileges along our eoasts. But disputes arose, and the United States Government declared war against Great Britaia, alleging as one of the principle causes for doing so, that England had no right to search American vessels and im- press from them British seamen. After two and a half years fighting, peace was again restored. At the close of the war, it was felt by Great Britain that the United States had forfeited many of the privileges conceded to them by the Treaty of 1783, and that some restric tions should be placed upon their fisher- men especially, This finally led to the Treaty of 1818—a treaty which a few Gloucester shipowners and New Eagland fishermen seem now inclined to ignore. By this Treaty, which is now as binding as it was the day after it was sanctioned by the two contracting parties, American fishermen are not allowed to fish within the three mile limit, that is to say, three miles seaward, extending from headieand to headland,aod not three miles according to the sinuosities of the coast as some of our American neighbors wou'd have it appear.

The Treaty of 1818 led to a large amount of confusion and trouble whieh continued until 1854, when the Reci- procity Treaty was brought abont. This was abrogated at the end of twelve years, and next in order came the Wash- ington Treaty, in the fishery clauses of which the people of Priace Edward Island were so largely interested. This Treaty gavo the Americans the right to fish withia the three mile limit, in return for which privilege we had the right of seading into the American markets, fish and fish oils, free of duty, besides the right to fish along portions of the Amer- ican coast named in the Treaty. As our coast fisheries were considered of more value than theirs, a Commission was provided for, to settle the difference. That Commission sat in Halifax, and the result was that the Americans were called upon to pay $5,500,000, an amount which was paid over, but not withont some grumbling, to the Domin- ion Treasury and. to the Newfoundland Gevernment and—nothing to Prince Edward Island, a Province that is justly entitled to one-third of the amount at least,

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The great majority of the members of Congress were found to be opposed to it aud so the matter was allowed to drop.

During the same year (1879) the Do- minion Government inaugurated their National Policy. Duties were imposed on a great many articles coming from the United States, that had been left on the free list since 1865. Finding that the Americans were not likely to agree to Reciprocity, so long as they had free access to our markets while they shut us out of theirs, it was decided to deal with them as they had been dealing with us. (o show, however, that they were not disposed to actin an uufriendly, retalia- tory spirit, the Dominion Government tabled a resolution which is now the law of the land, and a standing iavitation to the Americans to join in a Reciprocity that would be mutually advantageous to both countries

The fifth section of the Tariff Resolu- tions of 1879 reads as follows :—That it is expedient to provide that any or all of the following articles, that is to say: animals of all kinds, green fruit, hay, straw, brav, seeds of all kinds, veget- ables (including potatoes and other roots), plants trees aud shrubs, coal and coke, salt, hops, wheat, peas and beans, barley, rye, oats, Indian corn, buck- wheat and all other graiv, flour of wheat and flour of rye, Indian meal and oat.

meal, and flour or meal of any other grain, butter, cheese, fish (salted or

smoked), lard, tallow, meat (fresh, salt- ed or smoked), may be imported into Canada free of duty, or at a less rate of duty tnan is provided by this Act, upon proclamation of the Goveruor-in- Council, which may be issued whenever it appears to his satisfaction thal simi ar from Canada may be im- ported into the United States free of duty, or at arate of duty not exceeding that payable ou the same under such proclamation when imported into Canada,

By this it willbe seen that the Gov- ernment of Canada (though they do not believe: in one-sided Free Trade) are ready and willing to enter into Recipro cal Free Trade relations with the United Siates whenever the people of that coua try, through their representatives, see fit to give assent.

The people of this Province are, with very few exceptions indeed, strongly in favor of Reciprocity with the United States. They would be willing to go half way, and even further than that, in order to secure it. Bat while they are apxions to obtain it, it may be taken for granted, that they would be unwilling to accept any Treaty except one based on fair and equitable terms.

What then, it may be asked, are the srospects of obtaining such a Treaty? Not so bright, we frankly admit, as one would wish to see, but still there is a tolerably fair prospect. In the Ameri- can Senate, itis true, the subject is not meeting with much favor, as may be seen by the following discnssion that took place there on the 18th of last month :

“Mr. Frye offered a resolution relating to fish- eries, the preamble to which recites that whereas the President has recommended Congress to pro- vide for a commission to settle and adjust the fisheries question, and whereas the fisheries ques- tion has been settled for ten years past under the treaty of Washington at a cost of five and@®ne- half million dollarsin money and the remission

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The Washington Treaty, as everybody knows, expired on the Ist of July last. In order, it was said, to induce the Americans to renew the Treaty, they were allowed to fish along our coast during the whole of last season. That } arrangement was, of course, but tem- | porary, and we are now once again under the old Treaty of 1818,—a Treaty not} at all desirable, under present circum- stances, for either Canada or the United} States.

After the abrogation of the Treaty of 1844, several attempts were made by the Canadian Government to reoew that} Treaty. Sir Alexander Galt and Sir| William Howland were sent to Washiae-| ton for that purpose by the Canadian} Government. but their mission proved} fruitless. Then when the late Me-| Kenzie Government came into power, another effort was made. The late | Hon. George Brown was seut to Wash-| ington, but the Americans refused to | listen to him, and he returned without | securing the smallest conucessio!

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ever in the shape of reciprocal free trade. |

The Americans were quite satisfied with | trade relations as they then stood, ard| flatly refused to change them.

True, 2 slight move was made in Con- | gr ia the session of 1879. That year, | Mr. 5. 5. Cox ot New York, introduced | a bill “to regulate commerce between the United States and the Dominion of!

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Canada, ia articles, the growth, produc- ja

tion or manufacture of said countries, | to provide for reciprocal navigation.” | This bill provided that all articles grown | or manufactured by Canadians, when) entered for cousumption ia the United) States, should be admitted free of duty, | with the exception of agricultaral imple- ! ments manufactured, alpacas, animals of all kiods, steam engines, locomotives, ears, furs, guns, rifles, pistols, gloves, glassware, hats, caps, mauufactures of leather, soaps, trees, placts shrabs,woolen manufactures ou which a duty of 10 per ceat was to be placed; immoral books, tobacco and spirits were to be excluded altogether from the operation of the Act. ‘The Act went on to say that the inhabi- tants of said Dominios of Canada shall, possess and enjoy the same privileges and rights, and be subject to the same regu- lations and tolls, in respect of the use and navigation of the inland waters. lakes, rivers and canals of the United States, with their vessels and boats, as

> inhabitants of the United States, r.

| reciprocal rights in the United States.

Cox’s measure did not become law.

of $6,000,000 of duties in thet perod, and whereas that treaty had resulted in an increase of 509 ves- sels and 10,000 seamen to the Canadian fishing fleets, with a corresponding decrease in the fish- ing fleets of the United States, therefore he it

“Resolved, That in the opinion of the Senate a commission clothed with the powers referred to ought not to be provided for by Congress,

“Mr. Edmunds was glad the resolution was in- troduced, but thought a word necessary in regard to the action of the President had with Her Majesty’s Government, after the time had expired when, according to the provisions of law, the whole fishery matter and customs matter con- nected with it had absolutely terminated. It seems to be stated, he said, in the report just laid on the desk of Senators, that the President. with- out any advice or consent of the Senate, had entered into arrangements with Her Majesty's Government by which citizens of the United States are accorded certain rights in fishing in British waters which by the existing treaty and iaws of the nation they wonld not otherwise have, and that British subjects were accorded

“It may be, he added, that the arrangement referred to, was not a treaty, but in respect to the end to be obtained by it; it was what the 3 would be and what hed never been supposed could be done without a treaty. 4

‘Mr. Morgan said that under the resolution that had passed Congress, instructing the Presi- dent to terminate tha fishing treaty, we happened to fix the time in the middle of the fishing season and after people had gone to great expense in preparation for the work of fishing, tt would have been a great injury, he said, to stop the work of the fleets in the middle of their cruise, and p:r- haps the President in conference with the British authorities, had strained a point in order to accommodate the fishing interests and provide forthe welfare of that large class of people inter-

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sted.

“Mir. Hoar thought he represented the con- stituency most largely interested in the fishing question and so far as he understood it our fish- ermen had not discovered that the arrangement referred to had been madein their interests, *Mr. Dawes said that a year’s notice in advance

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EXAMINER. FEBRUARY 12, 1886.

inst., the Committee on Foreign Re- lations reported a resolution declariug that Congress ought not to provide for a joint Commission on the Fishery Ques- tioun. The Committee are said to be un- animous in their views, and so the mat- ter stands for further debate in the Sena- torial Chamber. Mr. Frye, will of course take the lead in opposing the appointing ofa Commission. One of Maine’s two Senators, is this Mr. Frye. He is said to be a very fluent talker, and an out and out Republican. Lhe only significance which his recent utterances possesses, arises from the fact that he is one of the leading Blaine Republicans, and he is generally looked upon as Mr. Blaines’ right hand man in party matters. In the stand he has taken, he, no doubt, represents the sentiments, not only of Mr. Blaine, but of the entire Blaine party. This being the case, we may ex- pect to see a party question made of it ia the United States, and whatever the pre- sent Democratic Administeration may attempt to do, they will doubtless be op- posed hy the Republicans, tooth and nail.

From Mr. Frye and his partizaus Canadians expect no special favers. All they ask is fair play and respect for their rights as British subjects. Nor are they going to be talked into submission by these no-treaty men. With all their pro- fessed contempt for ‘dead treaties’”’ the anti-Britishers may yet find that unless the United States Government shall come to terms on the fisheries question, neither the fishermen from Maine, nor any other State in the Union, will be allowed to tale fish along our coasts within the three mile limit. Unless some arrange- ment be entered into, Americans who shall be found trespassing on our fishing grounds must not expect to go unpunish ed; and that too, if it should require the assistance of British frigates todo it.

Fortunately for all parties concerned, Mr. Frye, Senator for Maine, does not represent the whole of the United States.

| From the House of Representatives and

from President Cleveland and _ his Cabinet, we confidently expect better things. An International Commission, with power to deal, not only with the fishery question, but with Reciprocity generally, has been promised us, and we hope to see this Commission carried out in good faith, and to the satisfaction of our farmers and fishermen alike.

There is one point to which we would specially refer. We have already refer- red to the $5,590,000 that arose out of the fishery clauses of the Washington Treaty. Now, ia the event of a renewal of that Treaty, we believe it would be much better if the money consideration werejleft out altogether, and instead of it let us have its equivalent in trade con- cessions frora the United States. Instead of an award in money that might go, as before, into the coffers of the Domtaion aud of Newfoundland, give us free access to the American markets in oats, pota- toes, fish avd fish oils, horses, ete. If our Island farmers and fishermen were given the privilege of sending these pro- ducts into the United States free of duties, they would be willing to grant the Americans similar privileges, as well as the right to take fish within the three— mile limit. Otherwise, they will not fail to assert their rights, and urge the Dominion Government to keep American fishermen, with their immense seines and other fish-destroying appliances, outside the legal limit.

—_

Mr. Harles Concert.

Iv is sometimes said that we are over- laudatory in our critiques of concerts, but we cannot comment upon Mr. Earle’s bene- fit of last night without praising every number on the programme. Mr. Earle knows well the secret of pleasing his hear- ers—he selects favourite performers and furnishes music by the best conmposers. His choruses are all picked voices, whose combined efforts succeed in rendering the music in a way that transports the audiencs in imagination to an opera house in one of the larger cities, where the concerted music of Jast night would have wen honors for our musical circles. If the bass were a little weak it was well made up for by Mr. Sharp’s bass viol. Only in tha last chorus did the music in places seem beyond the capacity of the voices, but not enough to mar the chorus. The instrumental music was equally good, though the violin part in the last quartette, as in some other acc mpaniments, might have been somewhat improved, Mr. Fietcher’s cornet aod Mr. Vinnicombe’s violin catered to the audience’s delicht in their svulos. No excores were sllowed—a wise decision—elso

had been given to everybody that the privilege would terminate at a given time, therefore the} ‘snddenness’ of the emergency had not rendered | the arrangeme 1t necessary.

“Mr, Frye catled attention to the fact that while | the arrangement was claimed to have been made in the interest of American fishermen, yet no | American fishermen had asked or proposed sucl nm arrangement; that had been left for Mr. West, the British Minister, to do. For one hun-

idred years Great Britain had been ‘protecting’ |

the interests of American fishermen. ‘The people | of Né&w England, Mr. Frye continued, desired no } further commission to settle the fisheries | question. i

“The United States had gained nothing by the work of the former commission, though Canada | had gained immensely by it. The people of the} United States asked nothing of Great Britain. | Mr. Frye characterized the ‘arrangement’ refer- red to as the most marvelous piece of business in | the way of diplomacy that our history could} show. Our fishermen, he said,do not ask the British Minister to interfere to protect them, but | they do ask that the United States of America shall be self assertive and that is all they ask. Our fishermen ask that this great Republic of fifty-six millions of people shali protect her fish- ermen. Our fishermen, he said, knew as well a3 he knew, that Great Britain dare not undertake to defend the course of the Canadians in taking eight United States vessels into colonial ports and trying and condemning them on the evidence of colonial witnesses who stood on shore and looked out to sea and guessed that the vessels were within the three mile limit.

“Let the United States be what they were able to be and not frightened to death by the ghost of dead treaties. Our executive officers were trem- | bling at the ghost of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, | Which Great Britain had regarded dead for a quarter of a century. ‘Let us assert our rights,’ said Mi. Frye, ‘and there will be no war. but our people on the Canadian coast will have their | rights.’ Never was a people in the wide world

lhave been

we are sare neatly every soloist would recalled, certainly Miss Earle and Messrs, Hermans and Caven. Mrs. Bell, though suffering from a severe cold, gave evidence of artistic management of a gord voice, Not mentioned in the pro- gratame, but clamorously applauded, were Master Charlie Envle’s selections from ‘* Pinafore.” The child is only dive years old, but a born musician,—‘‘a chip of the old bieck.” Mr. Earle must have been as pleased as the audience, for the hall was filled by a fashionable and largely repre- sentative gathering of poople. We under- stand that Mr. Earle intends repeating the concert in Summerside, in which case our wostern friends may prepare for a musical feast.

On the 26th ult., a number of persons from Lower Montague, met at the house of their Minister, armed with sacks, bundles and baskets, containing grain, vegetables, meats of different kinds and other useful articles’ Mr, Estey was made the recipient of a valuable fur coat, the gift of a number of gentlemen,and the ladies presented Mrs. | Estey with the material for a handsome dress. The lady having prepared tea, which was heartily enjoyed by all, somejtime was spent in agreeable conversation, when all

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under mortgage to keep the peace with us as Great Britain is to-day.”

Since the discussion, the Senate has been further heard from. On the 3rd

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departed for home having spent a very | pleasant evening indeed, and contributed

much to both the comfort and happiness of ‘ their pastor and his wife by their presence and liberality.

Literary and Scientific Institute.

Joun McSwain, Esq., read an exceed- ingly well written, practical and instructive paper on ‘‘ Industrial Education,’’ before the Institute last evening. He referred to the changes which occur in our public and high schools from time to time, not only in the branches of study but in the methods of instruction as well. These changes are the outgrowth of times when poople wero not so well educated as now. That condi- tion of society is now changed. There is still one branch, however, ‘* Industrial Education ”—one relating more particularly to the principles and use of machinery and tools, the properties of materials, drawing, &°.—in which our common schools are not doing the work «xpected of them. Society is now changed by the greater diffusion of education. It is now no longer limited to men of means. The working; men,} if net as well educated as professional men, at least are expected to havea knowledgo of their respective arts. When ho is well grounded in the elementary grades, in grammar, &c., he needs a mechauical course. He quoted from several education- al journals of recognized ability to prove the need of a technical course, and to show the advantages resulting from such where already adopted. Our schools are probably as far advanced as any others, they afford all that is necessary to prepare for a course in law, medicine, &., but they should also embrace some amountof technical educa- tion of use to our farmers, who form the majority of owr people. He summar- ized what has aiready been done in this direction. Such schools (technical) have been in operation in European coun- tries for along time. He quoted from Dr. Lyen Playfair and other eminent men who were examined before the Loquiry Commis- sion of the Paris Exhibition of 1866, show- ing the good results arising from them. The workmen . of other countries are auperior to ours, because they receive a technical education. He deseribed at length the successful working of one indu:- trial school in France, which included a full course of mechanical drawing, now en- tirely neglected in our educational inatitu- tions. A good course of scientific drawing should be included in our school system, This lies at the foundation of many educa tional successes, A movement is how going onin this direction in the United States. Such schools are established in Boston, Philadeiphia, Gloucester and other cities, and their results show their usefulness, and justify their establishmen'. He gave proofs of their good work. In these schools there is training of the hand and eye, a training in the best methods of using tools and machinery, ete. Much time can be pro- fitably employed in learning the use of tools by pupils in the hours which might be spared from less useful studies. Manual training is rather a help than a detriment to other studies in the schools. Our methods of study need revision or reform. Our school course should be enlarged by giving it more of an industrial character along with most of its present branches. Few of our teachers know enough of draw- ing, to teach it properly. Natural Philosophy and Chemistry should occupy & more OmMinent posi- tion on the course. “Illustration muat go hand in handg with precept. Thers should be no objection to Natural Science, which is an evidence of advancing civil’za- tion. When our people receive such an education as that advocated in ths paper, then only can they truly say, ‘‘Knowl- edge is power.”

At the conclusion of Prof. McSwain’s ex-

‘cellent paper, a discussion followed, partici-

pated in hy Chas. Palmer, Esq, D. Me- Kenzie, Eeq., A. McNeill, Esq., Dr. Leeming, Jas. MeDouald, E:q., P. R Bowers, Esq.. R. Smallwood, Esq., and J. D. Seamen, Esq.

The next paper will ba on ‘Dickens,’ and will be read by Jas. H. Reddin, E-q.

A meeting of the Executive Committe is requested for to-morrow evening, at 7 p.m., in McLood’s Fall.

ee

ASTOUNDING ! A Remarkable Story of Fraud in Utah.

$20 Suits, in fine Saxony tweed, just imported Ex. Northern Light for early spring trade, now selling at $14, worth $20, to keep our employes in bread during the dull season, at REID BROS.

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Nearly ail the Public Lands Stolen.

$30 Best Black Worsted Suits, in new a designs, reduced to $20, at REID BROS.

Evidence to Fill All the Jails.

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$14 Tryon Tweed Suits, reduced to $12, at REID BROS,

———

Senators and Cangressmen Implicated

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mm Tweed Pants reduced to $4, at REID ». ¢

Summerside “ Parnell Club” Fully Aroused to Its Responsibility.

Beautiful Black Worsted Suits for Men, onl $6.50, at REID BROS. ~—

Summerside Champion Cutters Make a Grand Strike for the Freedom of Ireland,

: 50 — a eres. in newspring patterns 1ow selling at the ridiculously low price of 8dcts, worth $1.40, at REID BROS. ’ aT —

General Logan maz “a at the Disclosures.

REID BROS.

CAMERON BLOCK, Ch’town, Feb. 11, 1886.

eer to the Card, signed ‘‘Car- roll and MeAleer,” in the Patriot of tha 6th inst , stating they “‘have no intention of removing from their present place of busi- ness,” aud that “Mr. Trainor exercises no control over the premises,” f have to say that whilst noS wishing to assume any responsi- bility for their intentions, they will fiad. if they attempt to accupy the premises afore- aaid, after the expiration of their lease on the 23rd inst., that I have control, and to the right persons desiring to rent the premises, I am prepared to prove that I have aathority to

lease the same. P, H, TRAINOR. Ch’town, Feb, 11, 1886,

ANN UV A LG

EARANCE SALE,

Duving Stock-Taking.

J B. MACDONALD is now having his Annual Clearing-Ont e Sale of

Remuants and Short Ends of Goods,

Remnants and Short Ends of Dress Goods and Cloths, Flannels, Winceys, Sheeting, Cottons, T weeds.

And all Remnants and Short Ends will be cleared out at the very Smallest Prices.

The balance of Ladies’ Fur Caps, Fur Muffs, Fur-Lined Circulars, Ladiss’ Astracan Jackets, at prices to clear. Ds

B. MACDONALD,

QUHEN STREET. ' Ch’town, Feb. 10, 1886 - dy wy

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J. H. MYRICK & CO,,

\ 7) HOLESALE and retail dea'ers in CANNED GOOD?, FLOUR, TEA, GROCERIES, , &e.; also PORK, LARD, HAMS and FISH of alt kinds, Grafton Street, Charlotte. town, P. E. I.

In our Fish Market we offer Co" FISH —boneless, dried, pickled ; HERRING, MAC- KEREL, SHAD pickled; DIGBY HERRING,

In Canned Fish we offer SALMON, FINNAN HADDIES and LOS3TERS, to direct special atttention to vur

Fresh Salmon and Codfish,

which we receive and have ou sale every day. 202 Our GROCERIES will b2 found fresh and reliable and our stock is complete in all departments. Our prices will comptre favorably with those of the best grocers. PORK, BACON, SUGAR-CURED HAMS, LARD, FRESH BYEF, CORNED BEEF and SAUSAGES, Our SAUSAGES are fresh made every morniag, from the best material, By dealing with us house-keepers can obtain everything they require in the house- keeping line without trouble or unnecessary running around. Orders by mail or telephone will receive prompt attention,

J. H. MYRICK & CO.,

Fish Market, Graften Street.

Cararlottetown, Feb. 9, 1886 —1 mo eod

We wieh

JAMES PATON & CO,

SUCCESSORS TO

WwW. A. WEEKS & Co.,’

omen 300

PRICES ALWAYS Low!

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Market House |

; New Post Office

MARKET SQUARE. "EUvVOAos Lastuyre

St, Patrick’s Here * Hall

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Buy your Dry Goods from JAMES PATON & CO., the above Plan will shcw you wkere to find them. Ch’town, Jan. 19, 1886.

Stamper’s Corner.

Special Sale.

0

Closizg-out of the Entire Stock of GENBRAL DRY GOODS at the

LENGEN HSUSE!

GEO, DAVIES & CO., inteading to make a change in iheir present business, offer the whole of their MAGNIFI- CENT STOCK OF MERCHANDEZE at prices that cannot fail to make a clearatice.

This isa BONA FIDE SAL®, as the stock must be dis- posed of duriug the nexi few months, and will presenta Grand Opportunity to all buyers for Cash,

Gur Wholesale Customers will be supplied en the usual Terms.

G0, DAVIES & CO.

Ch’town, Dee, 9, 1885,

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