a‘ n G ‘l ~.

‘Nib-reins

PAGE FOUR

grist: GUARDIAN.

CHARLOTTETOWN

THE GUARDIAN

Morning Daily (Founded In 188W: Authorized as Second Class Mall. Pool Office Department. Ottawa. lresident, Ian A. Burnett; Vloa-uealderit. Wm. B. Burnett; Seep-Tress, G. M. Barnett; Editor and blanszing Director. .I. lL-Burnett; Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink." ‘l’

CIIARLOTTETOWN WEDNESDAY, FEB. 25, 194B‘-

Speech From The Throne

At least one reassuring statement appears in the Speech from the Throne with which His Honour the Lieutenant Governor opened the Legislature yesterday. That has to do with fin- ances. The Dominion-Provincial tax agreement which came into force last April forecast a subsidy payment of $2,285,000, but this amount will be "considerably exceeded" due to the mounting gross national production to which the annual payment is geared. How much more we are to receive over the estimate is not stated, but in view of the mounting eiipenditures which the Governmentqhos incurred in many depart- ments, it will require all the revenue it can ob- tain from Ottawa to keep from accumulating more deficits.

The Speech intimates that it is proposed "to progress with town planning." A Municipal- ities Act is being prepared and a sanitary eng- ineer is to be employed. This was recommended at the last session of the Legislature as a mat- ti." of urgent importance, particularly in con- nection with the improvement of areas con- tiguous to Charlottetown. We already have Pro- v.'nc'al and Municipal Planning Boards, also a Pubic Utilities Board which, however, requires additional legislation this year for some un- specified reason.

ln accord with Liberal election promises the Speech forecasts the abolition of the land and road taxes. But there is to be "a new plan ol- assessrnent" and the holdings of "all our citi- zens" outside of Charlottetown and Surnrnerside are to be assessed. That, of course, is for tax collection purposes. The rural taxpayer is left guessing as to whether his last state may not prove to be worse than his first.

The Speech forecasts the promised plebis- cite on Prohibition, to take place on lune 28th next, also further changes in present liquor legis- lation including "the exclusion of the require-

. merit for a doctor's prescription." This would indicate that all pretense of operating under a Prohibition law is to be dispensed with. ‘

An odd expression used in connection with the liquor amendments is that they are to be ”pro- posed." Why not "introduced," which is the customary term, and which in the case of Gov- ernrnent bills implies that they have the Gov- ernment solidly behind them when it comes to o showdown? Cabinet solidarity in all such cases ls a basic principle of our democracy.

The Government's rural electrification pro- gramme see-ms to have made little progress since the House last met, except for a report on the subject by Dr. T. H. Hogg, which was published some months ago in The Guardian and has since been issued in pamphlet form. The Speech, however. announces that "legislation to establish ll connecting line between the two main gener- ating sources will be presented." These sources, presumably, are the Maritime Electric Company's plant at Charlottetown and the municipally owned plant at Summersidc. Judging by an art- icle in yesterday's Guardian, there is consider- able difference of opinion as to the practicabil- iiy of this scheme. It is for the Government, however, to formulate its policy and act as it deems best. Our farmers are demanding ex- tension of electricity and both parties in the House are agreed as to the great need for this convenience in our rural areas. This may well prove to be the most important matter to come up for discussion during the present session.

Grime And The Sunday School

A recent article by Mr. .l. Edgar Hoover, director of the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investi- gation, offers some thoughtful comments on a subject which is of concern to this country as well

‘as his own. "The criminal," he says, writing in the Sunday School Times of Philadelphia, "is the product of spiritual starvation. Moral traditions are subject to his scorn as he declares war on society."

Mr. Hoover points to the alarming increase h the number of major crimes committed by boys still in their ‘teens. He continues: "After reviewing the thousands of case histories which have poured into the FBI, l am firmly convinced that there are two factors in our outlook which if not checked wil-I plunge us headlong into na- ional decadence. The first is the failure of the home itself as the first classroom, and second, our national indifference toward evil influences in our life which are beyond the immediate can- trol of parents." '

While he agrees that the home must be the first arena of teaching, where the -child should expect to learn honesty, discipline and respect for_ authority, Mr. Hoover acknowledges - the unhappy fact that many parents of this gen- ? eration are untrained in their obligations. For the children of these homes,--ond indeed he might odd of ail homes,-‘—he recommends the in- fluence of the Sunday School. This is one of

- tho chief bulwarlrs against the moral chaos which the FBI chief fears. He writes:

' "The children of such homes need help and

the Sunday Schools can do muchand are doing

; rriuch to being God and religion into the starv-

_, ed souls of these youngsters. Our Sunday

I15 Schools are notssnding forth children who eas-

g; liyzxsaccurnb to life-wrecking temptations. Ln-

): stead, the boys and girls who have gone to Sun-

{Behool have been well prepared for tlio en- ‘tifsparflef life." ‘ ' i '

”- Tbiiijizikl ~61 risi-

A gambling raid is unusual in the City. though it has long been rumoured that profes- sional gambling is prevalent in our midst.

I i i i

The Governor's speech contained nothing for the information of the Legislature that mem- bers did not alrizady know from the Canadian Press forecast.

Providing a thaw and gale do not make them- selves felt as predicted, the week promises to be all that could be desired for attendance at both Legislature and farm conferences.

K i ‘k It

III

A Friesian heifer from Britain has set up a new recogd. Craigbet Rosan, owned by a Belfast farmer, has given 3l,339 lbs. of milk in 365 days at 4.7696 butter fat. This is the pqual of l,492 lbs. of butter fot‘which is a world record.

W i I I

As already indicated, Ottawa reports a crystallization of Liberal opinion that the Prime Minister will resign in August," that Mr. St. Laur- cnt will replace him, and that there will be an election in i949. The Prime Minister, however, gives no hint of his intentions.

Why did not this Province join with Nova Scotia Government and New Brunswick Gov- ernment in the delegation to Ottawa on proviii- cial questions of vital interest? We were not even "on the side-lines" as is now customary on

such occasions.

a e a

Ottawa apparently adopts the policy of not letting its left hand know what its right hand is doing. Air-conditioning equipment was instal- led in the Commons chamber but Mr. Mackenzie King now declares that Parliament will take re- cess during July and August.

.. s: .. .

The report that the U. S. in i947 produced a record crop of 44.3 million bushels of certified seed gives added point to one of the recom- mendations of the Potato Committee of the Agricultural Conference. The committee ad'- vises that the advertising of our potatoes be en-

couraged.

n a r. I

ln Tasmania a Premier accepting $2l,600 from a Labour organization for party funds is not considered guilty of bribery and corruption. That is the only interpretation to be placed on eat-Premier Cosgrove ol that Dominion being ac- quitted in the Criminal Court of Hobart on such

a charge.

n I Q

Britain's hopes of speeding recovery by the use of American steel were long ago disappoint- ed by high U. S. consumption and inflationary prices, so that last Thursday's boost of live dol- lars a ton will have little effect outside this continent. The effect on Canada, however, will almost certainly be to cut down our proposed capital expension program.

i l’ i

At last even the Liberal members from the Maritimes are calling for a measure of de- centralization of industry. From every paint of view, economic, social, strategic and political, the trend to concentrate industry in Ontario and Quebec should be rcvcrseri.

i i “r W

A bacon price rise of about l0 cents per pound started all the noise an the part of the Communists, Socialists and woolly-minded people in Canada about farm price increases. It might be remarked, says The Letter-Review, that, at the some moment, the Socialist Government in Britain deliberately increased the price of bacon by 5 pence to 8 pence per pound, or more than

the price increase in Canada. k

I I i

An announcement from Ottawa says that pay increases for ,another large group of Federal civil servants have been authorized by an order- in-council passed last week. lt was reported about 33,000 employees would be effected, with the raises retroactive to Oct. l, as in the cases of two other groups for whom increases have been authorized in the last two months. Those get- ting the new increases will include draftsmen, mechanics, agricultural workers, airport, marine and meteorological employees‘ in the transport department and hospital employees.

i W 1r it

Sir John Tenniel, English black-and-white art- ist, died this date l9l4. Was esteemed the great- est cartoonist of his day. Was a member of Punch staff, and made millions of people familiar with the psysiognomy and personal character- istics of the leading public men, including Dis- raeli, Gladstone, Salisbury, Harcourt, Campbell, Banncrman, Randolph Churchill. ‘ His style was severely classical, and was seen at its best in book-illustrations like those of Lalla Rookh, In- 9074357 leer-yids. Alice hi Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass.

w 0

Britain is arranging for young farmers to have an opportunity to study agricultural met- hods in Europe and for foreign students to visit the United Kingdom in exchange. The scheme which has the full support of the Minister of Agriculture has already been welcomed by authorities in Denmark, France, Holland, Sweden and Switzerland. Details of t_his new plan were announced by the National Farmers Union who will arrange these exchanges.

Travel between Canada and U. S. A. is ap- parently going to be affected by the dollar shortage restrictions. Trade Minister Howe told the Commons-he had consulted with‘ the Can- adian Travel Bureau on facilitating entry of United States tourists to Canada but he did not know’ in detail what measures are being token. He was replying to a question from Mr. G. K. Fraser (PS-Peteiiborough West) regarding stops to ease border restrictions in the light of Can- ada's dollar-conservation import restrictions. Two days ago, the Travel Bureau ‘said the program would not affect U. S. tourists. They would‘ be able to bring in whatever personal articles and GIIMIGY they wished. On returning to the ll. 5.,

they could take back whatever U. S. funds they brought in, less their expenses in Canada.

-lletes By The Way-

Marylanrl scientists have meal- ured e. snails pace. 1t. is .0003830u5 miles an hour. They should ha 1C measured ours during the recent hot spell. Snails were passing us with what. seemed like the speed of light. - Montreal Star.

Canada has a chance to develop and build up iiev trade next. year if we oe.n flncl a fair price-wage level which will enable consumer= w buy our production. But. tf we force prices above the publicls abil- ity to pay we will lose all the mo- mentum we have gained. - Lolli- bridge Herald.

The Canadian Wlnlcr la not. a thing that. anyone can safely ig- nore. It may, at any time, bring

‘a prolonged spell of severe cold,

and heating apparatus will be strained to the fullest. extent of its capacity. Cumparallvely few fires ere caused by sheer" accident; carelessness accounts for many of them. - Peterboirough Examiner.

Though officially February ls the last mom‘; of Winter. for us here an Llie Pacific Coast; it. is more often like the beginning of Spring. Even in the most backward sea- son, will: February we feel hhe earth stirring a little in lls sleep, and we are aware by tokens eve: so slight that the Lime of awak- ening is near. - Vancouver News- Herald.

“One war that will never be won by either side is ‘the continuous war between the sexes." asserts s. columnist. True; mainly because there le so much fraternlzing wltl‘. the enemy on the part of both sides. — Kitchener-Waterloo Rec- ord.

Looks as If the Queen's I'm-k mountain labored and brought forth o. mouse. with the announce- ment that. all gas-heated schools and theatres in sections of the province affected by is gas short- age have been ordered closed “un- til the present crisis is over." Ap- parently there are ha gas-healed theatres and very few gas-heated schools. It. sounds good, though. -- Woadsbock sentinel-Review.

It. has been difficult to gel any clear cut statement of Canadian policy on beet sugar. It would ap- pear that. Ottawa's viewpoint ll pretty well dominated by the cane sugar conception, and what is done about. beet; sugar is merely an after-thought. It might. be that Canada. like Great; Britain, Cfllllil save some American dollars by giving beet sugar a boost. We might. ‘also give our agricultural policy e bit. more balance as is being clone in Britain. _Lothibviclge Herald.

It is an unwelcome thought. this‘. in a Canadian city in the yea: i948 a slate of affairs should exist. under which residents prefer to slay home from meetings and theatres for fear that their pru- perly may be burned ov blown up by Ivar-defying elements of the population. Yet. that. ls the situa- tion, according lo news dispatches, which exists in the British Colum- bia. community of Grand Forks A New Year's Eve dynamillng, caus- ing e $20,000 fire, has led to is public request. to the city council to swear in 100 special constables. Arid the council, in tum. has ap- pealed to authorities in Victoria for "practical action" to prozect. local properly. - Victoria Times

There ta not the slightest doubt that, judiciously exercised. severity of punishment can act. es e de- terrent. on criminals. A case lll point. is the reluctance of many criminals to carry guns because they know that the possession of weapons will add substantially to their punishment if caught. Moe- ovet. the chief purpose of caplla‘ punishment. is deterrent. Theoretic- ally. perhaps the individual crime could be judged without. reference to time, place or other elrcumslan cw. Practically, it. must. be con- sidered in relation to current ev- eats. If there is an outbreak of a certain type of crime which pa:- tleularly menaces the community, ll. seems reasonable to expect. the courts to incline to more stringent penalties as a method of OOHLIOIA- lng the menace. Winnipeg ‘Tribune.

Baron Tweedsmuir. son of the first. Liord Tvrccdsmuli". who was formerly Governor-General of Ca nude, has ll word of encouraging exhorLalion to all those in the British Isles who are camlnff l" Canada to live. He tells the“ people lo become nll-oul: citizens of the new lend. The some message is given l.o those who go lo Aus trails. New Zenlend, south Africa or any other country. Ilevlng made up their minds to emigrate from the Old Country. Baron 'I‘Weed5nl\.llt‘ urges each o! lhs em! grants to throw himself into the thick of life in the new country. That. ls the only way to K101101116 s. aotnpleto citizen. So many new- oorners adopt. the altitude that. they only ‘live here, that. this is really not. their country. Thell hearts and their minds are away back across the ocean and Con- ada la just. a stopping plow l0! which they have neither respect nor affection. The newcomer! W Canada can find their aim in thi- Dominion and they can help bu“? a greater country. There ls mucn to do and so many PIBPlI 1199094 to help do it. There is room for m“; people who come ta be Oa- nadlans anxious to make the mos‘ at the opportunities presented i: s new and advancing nation. -- Wlndsor Btu.

_,_._.--_---- y PONY EXPRESS

There are no railways in Af- lhanistsn; merchandise is carried

an»... by camel or pony.

n

' PUBLIC FORUM

f r Tish eolamn ls open tn‘ the dlaouaion by earn-j cl ‘ nl l

Interest. The Charlnneiow- “i Guardian does not noeenar , tly endorse tho opinion 0| , correspondent ,

-

EDUCATIONAL INVEBTMENI‘_ PEOPLE OR BUILDINGS?

Sirz- In order to get a greater proportion of more mature and better qualified teachers as far as academic standards are concern- ed I submit the following propos- al to the general public and to the Council of Education of this Province for their consideration It this proposal in its present. form or in some modified form meets with general approval, I suggest. that interested groups geoommend It to the Government for their consideration. The proposal deals with un investment of money 1r- people rather than iu materiel.

1t is suggested that instead of spending say $200,000 on even one Composite Rural I-Llgh School ll am assuming that. the cost. of site, building, and equipment of one really up-to-date Composite Rur- a1 High School will be approxi- lilfllCl)’ $200,000.) fur brick, wood. afoul-m. heating plant, eta, way not offer Leaching positions uu one hundred students, lmving seri- lor matriculation or iriglier stand lng at is salary comparable to that paid by business or industry? Such students before being granted l. teacher's license should be requir- ed t.o lake a course in Norms‘. Training.

'I‘he suggested annual salaries are as follows: For students at senior matriculation standing, $1800; of second year university. $1900; of junior year. $2000; and of graduates in arts or science. $2100. All such students before being admitted to a course in Nor- mal Training would have to be carefully screened by a represen- tative committee as b0 character. stability. personality, leadership. natural aptitude for teaching, ew. By means of standardized tests the I.Q's of such persons should first be determined. A number of practical bests on general know- ledge and adaptability should also be administered.

By Llius selecting candidates if high attainment, a really good educational investment. would be assured. In fact. the $200,000 re- quired for a Rural Composite High School would pay the suggested salaries of fifty of these specially selected persons for two years. However, with the present. average salary of approximately only $1000 a year in addition, this sum would pay these fifty teachers for four years. And the capital cost. of four such Composite Rural High Schools together with interest an the capi- tal sum and including the mom; that; would be required for main- teiinuce and depreciation would provide salaries averaging $2000 for one hundred highly qualified rural and village teachers for n period of at. least. ten years. Would not such n plan eventually result. in the creating of o. demand ou the part of the people in lhi communities served by these care- fully chosen persons far moderll and well equipped schools?

Of course. lt. should be under- stood that. present teachers PDSSCSa- ing the foregoing qualifications would be entitled to receive equiv- alent remuneration. Besides. any teacher improving lllS academic it professional standing by means of extra-mural or su mer courses should receive an e ditional. ar- nual grant. as is the case in some of the other provinces and in eer- tain states of the United states.

0n the whole it. seems to me that. in the Marltlmes we are la. more ready to make educational investments in buildings than in people and in books. How about. effecting a change in this tendon cy? I feel certain that we can solve our problem of getting teacu- ers of a higher academic calibre by investing our money in people rather than in expensive Composllz High Schools at. the-present Lime. How do others feel about this mat. ter?

I am, Sir, etc.

J. F. MacMILLAN 312 Fitzroy Si... Charlobletowir.

CAPITALISMS

Sir,—'I‘here are lhrco kinds of cnpitallsms. Russia has a capital- ism in which money ls gathered into a capital fund and amended in capital outlays sucli as factor- ies, machinery, railways, roads etc. It. is done by the ‘stale. This is a capitalism of the bureaucrats. Tlhc democratic cripllelisms VH1)’ too. British capitalism differs from American. American capitalism even differs within itself. There is n. tendency towards an open chance for all: it also has a ten- dency towards domination by a few. This latter tendency ls an autocratic capitalism. The true democratic capitalism is a peo- ple's capitalism. I wont. to see a people's capitalism survive for every poor girl and boy netiofially and internationally. Many Rus- sians have enough money to start a business of their own. But. they have only two choices; w spend ll. or lend it to the bureaucrats 0s the government by buying govern- ment. bonds. I am against it tis- eeuse I think many are wiser than the few. I am equally against capitalism that permits mona- pollesor grants special privileges. The London Economist, a busi- ness publication calls it "a con- spiracy of the inefficient."