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blinded every woes—cu momma at I“ Prince luau garmtctown. P.E.I.. by tho Thom-m Company no In A. Burnett. Publisher and General Mucus Inns Walter. Editor Bomber Can-din "all: flown-Ml Publishers Anoclatloa lancer ol the Cnnndlln Pru- llI-mbcr Adah Bureau 0. Clrcululm In” unless as Summerndo. Montana no Alberto. mounted Nationally In.- Thomwo Newspaper- onemmn Service Kills Street West. Tatum-OIL «0 Guinea! Stu Montreal mo West Georgia St. Vsncouvc By Carrier Charlottetown. Summers!“ 300 per‘week. By Mail elsewhere in P.E.I. $9.00 W incurs. Other Prowan and United States $12.00 per mnum.

“The strongest memory rs weaker than :he weakest ink."

THURSDAY. SEPT. 18. It”;

PAGE 4

REII Well In The Lead

According to a recent news item from Toronto, the Ontario Health Department has been conducting

pilot studies in the use of tuberculin ‘

skin tests to replace x-raying of per- sons under 40, and it is likely that the change will be adopted province- wide within a year.

In Prince Edward Island our health authorities are well, ahead of their Ontario confreres. Commun- ity-wide tuberculin testing in con-

junction with x-raying of positive

reactors has been in progress here since August 1956. The tuberculin test used is known as the Heat multi- ple puncture test. To date :40,000 persons have been tested. It was found that 13,000. required chest x- rays. 12 persons have been diagnos- ed as having early tuberculosis and have been treated, while five have been restored to normal living by Sanatorium care.

Actually the tuberculin test‘ and,

the chest x-ray film are not com- petitive control measures, but rath- er complementary. It was on this basis that the scheme established here was worked out by the Provin-

cial Health Department and the

P.E.I. Tuberculosis League under di- rection of the late Dr. Creelman. Supplies and materials for tubercu- lin testing and the services of a full- time public health nurse and x-ray technician, including their travelling expenses, were assumed by the De- partment, while the League took over entirely the operation and main- tenance of the mobile x-ray unit ~ which had previously been subsidiz- ed by the Provincial Government, and also paid the salary of a part- time assistant community organizer.

The surveys have been very satis-

factory. They have received more .

community co-operation than mass x-ray surveys and have proved a . splendid medium for health educa- tion. Unnecessary chest x—ray's have been curtailed, especially in the age

group from 5 to 30 years, where in ,

the vicinity of only 12 per Cent have required x-rays. They serve also, of course, to locate active cases of tuberculosis before symptoms have developed, and to measure the incid- ence of tuberculosis in communities. During the past three years, the number of cases of tuberculosis dis- covered in’this Province through the out-patient clinics and the tuber- culin testing program have averaged in the vicinity of 48 annually. Imitation being the sincerest. form of flattei'y, our health author- ities must feel gratified that the big

Province of Ontario is now following v

the lead of little Prince Edward Is- land in this important undertaking.

Populallon Problem ‘

A report recssltly published by she United Nations comments on the colossal rate of increase of the world’s population, which 'might well be quadrupled within the pre- sent century. While' it took 200,000 years for the world’s human popul- ation to reach 2,500 million, says the report, it will now take a mere 30 years to add another 2,000 mil- lion; by the end of the century the earth may well be inhabited by 6,-2 000 or 7,000 million occupants.

A decline is foreseen in the re- lative demographic. imporance or Europe, including the Soviet Un-

ion. At the beginning of the century"

there was one European for every two Asians; this ratio may have be come one to four by the end of the century. The population of Europe will have doubled itself. in the course. of the century; that of Latin Am- erica, on the other hand, is likely to show as much as a tenfold in- crease over the same peiiod.

The report further points out that more than one half of the world’s population liVes in Asia, where concentration in: particular areas is already outstandingly great and where the need for population control is urgently felt.

It is with some concern that the report comments on the shortness of time within which this alarming population increase is expected to

take place: “The year 2,000 Is no farther in the future. than the year 1914 is . ‘in the past. Not only technical achievement but progress in international cooperation and or- ganization will have to be more ef- fective than during the period tech- nologically accommodated to the min- imum conditions required for hu- man dignity.” , The London Times remarks on ‘the “eloquence rarely found in of- ficially statistical documents” in the following extract from the Un- ited Nations report: “If tomorrow mankind loses the desire to live or, more correctly, to survive, the his- tory of life on earth will. have lost all meaning. This explains why 'those who have undertaken to be the custodians of man’s moral heri- tage are questioning his moral pre- paredness to govern his own destiny. The growth of world populatipn dur- ing the next 25 years therefore, has an importance with transcends

economic and social considerations. I

It is at the very heart of the pro- blem of our existence.”

Tree Farming

Our congratulations to Mr. Ralph Peters of St. Louis, Prince Edward Island’s first certified tree farmer. Tree conservation is not a particular- ly strong point in this Province. Perhaps Mr. Peters, if he succeeds in his new venture, will be able to en- courage others to think of it a little more seriously.

There seems to be a widespread view—and it reaches to some bran- ches of officialdom—that a tree, no matter what its age, size, quality or

location, is 'fit' for nothing but to be

cut down. Its natural properties are

given little. thought. Its contribution .

to soil, maintenance is slighted. Luckily for the Province, there are many persons“ who do not share this view— else the .Island wtmld soon be a waste-place. They see in a tree not only a source of warmth and

shelter and economic gain but one of

the great handiworks of God, an ex- pression of nature’s order and beauty.

Tree farming is, of course, main- ly utilitarian in purpose, a means of conserving woodlots, so that they might develop in ecOnomic value. And that is good, of course. But it has an aesthetic value, too; and it,

isprobablyl this, more than anything}, "else, that leads farmers like Mr. Pe-

ters to give it proper Care and at- tention. We sincerely hope that many Islanders will follow Mr. Peter’s ex- ample,» to the furtherance of their own admiration of beauty and to the economic strengthening of one of the

_Province’s natural resources.

. EDITORIAL NOTES ,.

Nova Scotia’s first tobacco crop at Canning is expected to be worth $10,- 000. ,It' doesn’t follow that large scale tobacco growing would be proportion- ately profitable. All the same, the ex- periment at Canning shows that the

plant can be grown to advantage in»

the Maritimes. We shall be very much suprised if someone on the Island doesn’t make the attempt next sea- son. 1! #c

The critics will continue to argue whether Robert W. Service, the Yu- kon poet who died recently at the age of 84, was a poet or only a writer of popular verse. There is one thing about which there-can be no argu- ment—he was a great soul who

brought a touch of humansympathy ,

and understanding into the material- istic and, in some instances, sordid, drive of the gold rush. . ‘ ' ' * it! It

The United States’ policy with re- gard to China’s off-shore islands may be diplomatically sound, but it is scarcely consistent. The Presidenthas indicated that he will defend the is- lands from Communist invasion. Meanwhile, Communist planes, and ar- tillery hammer away at the islands and at Nationalist shipping trying to reach them, wit out the slightest in- terference from the 7th fleet.

t I I

Newfoundland has a good system of bursaries for intermediate school pupils. A student who has passed Grade IX or Grade X in a 1-room school and who wishes to take Grade X or Grade XI ina school of 6 class-rooms? or larger is eligible for the bursary. For students who. live within 2 miles of the larger“ school which they plan to attend an amount of $125 is provided. Stu- dents who live more than 2 miles from the larger school but who or- dinarily can live at home will be awarded $250. Students who must board in the community where the larger school is located are eligible for a bursary of §500

" United Nations opened on Sept. ‘16; less than a month after the

the Lebanon and Jordan, ended

.sidering Mvr. Ha-mmarskjold’s re-

~gerous situation - in what is now

‘ public - Communist Chin-a ~ does

a.

a

All! fl/Ifié

, “COP ON A TRICYCLE The I3lh, General Assembly

By W. N. Ewel- United Kingdom Information Servicf

The thirteenth regular session of the General Assembly of the

close of the third emergency spe- cial session. ‘ That special session, summon- ed to’ deal with the situation in the Middle East, especially in

in something which no one had foreseen and for which few can even have dared to hope. The resolution proposed by the States of the Arab League was approv- ed sud- adopted unanimously. And. the Secretary-General set out on mission which it entrust- ed to him.

Now the regular session will have, the anxious and respon- sible task of receiving and con-

port and recommendation which he is to present to it by the end of the mouth.

It is still too early to assess the prospects “of his succeeding in formulating proposals which will be acceptable on one hand to the Jordan and Lebanese Gov- ernments (the latter of which may have changed by the time he reports) and on the other hand to other Arab countries - espec- ially the United ‘Arab Republic and Iraq. If all goes (well the Assembly will only need to re- gister and approve. If not it will have to‘consider the matter anew. DISCUSSION ON FORMOSA

This is likely to be the most important subject in the whole longagend'a. For the Assembly will not be able to deal directly with that other delicate and dam

usually called the ,“Area of the Straits of Formosa.” For the Chinese Peoples Re-

not recognise the authority of any organ of the United Nations in this or any other matter. It is excluded from U.N.0. Memv bership and the Chinese seats in the Council and the Assembly are occupied by representatives

(of Chiang Kai-Shah’s Government

in Formosa. '

Nevertheless the question. will certainly be discussed. And for that there will be two oppor- tunities. First in the “General Debate” in which any delegation can talk about any international problem. Second, when the agend- a item (proposed by Indla) “The Question of the Representation of China in the United Nations” comes up, or rather-though this point is a technical one - when the Assembly decides whether or not to include this item. In re. cent years it has “taken evasive action” by declining to include any proposal to change the Chinese representation; In .1956 the vote was 47 to 24 with eight abstentions. Last year it was 47 to 27 with seven albstenltions. Any material change from this will be significant.

DISARMAMENT QUESTION

Next in unpastence on the whole agenda I would rate the item on disarmament. The situa- tion is this. Last year’s session, by a very large majority, with only the Soviet group opposing, had decided to reconstruct the Disarmament Commission with increased membership. It had re- commended new effort, especially by the five powers represented in the Disarmament Subcommit- tee to reach agreement in both the fields of disarmament: “nu- clear and “conventional.” In par- ticular, it recommended the est- ablishment of expert groups to study inspection systems of var-

Goi’rskell’s Shrewcl Gambit

By Ed

Simon

Canadian Press Staff Writer

Opposition. leader Hugh Gaits- kell threw one of the oldest and most effective political gambits in the book at Prime Minister Mac-

millan with his demand that Brit- '

rain should announce her refusal to support a war in defence of Quemoy and Matsu.

In effect, he was interrupting [the prime minister’s vacation in the north of Scotland to ask the witnessdlf he had stopped beating his wife.

Britain has made no secret of her distaste for the Quemcy ad- venture .and of her feeling that the Naltionralistwheld islands off the coast of China should be con- sidered part of the mainland. Macmillan had been prompt to disavow a story by Randolph Churchill in a London evening paper claiming that the prime minister was ready to “back up”

_ The

The great steam engines that‘ puffed and heated across the country have reached the end of the track.

Though some survivors of the storied breed work on freight trains and on smaller lines, the last steam passenger train on the “high iron”-—the main lines —— chugged into memory in July.

The steamers were derailed by diesel-electric engines that move the goods more cheaply. But the diesels seem to léok the appeal Ilka-t inspired generations of poets, son-gusmlths, and small boys year- ninrg‘ for adventure.

Diesel-s rarely call forth such tributes as Thoreau’s:

“When I hear the iron horse make the hills echo with 'his snort like thunder, shaking the earth with his feet, and breathing fire and smoke from his nostrils. . .it seems as if the earth had got a race now worthy to inhabit it.” RULED A CENTURY

The race reigned on the na- tion’s rails more than 100 years. The first experimental steam lo~ comotlive in the United States was built by Colonel John Stevens of

Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1825. lit

the United States in defending them. TIT FOR TAT

But Gaitskcll shrewdly carried the question a. step further, know- ing that no responsible prime minister could commit himself in advance in a hypothetical slitua. 'tion in which his staunchest ally was involved in a war, possibly with the entire Communist world.

In a sense, Macmillan was the innocent victim of President Eis- enhower and State Secretary Dul- les, who have yet to make clear just how far they are prepared to go in supporting Chiang Kai- shelk’s precarious position under the guns on the Communist main- land.

In another sense, the prime minister was getting his comeup- pan-cc. He has never hesitated to fire a loaded question at his La-

End CI The Track

National Geographic Society

ran on a circular track on his lawn. . '

In 1329 two British locomotives were delivered in New York. One of them, the Stourbridge Lion, was put'to work in Honesdale, Pennsylania —the first steamer to operate on a commercial rail- road in this country. IRON HORSE

The Lion worked well enough, but its wooden track couldn‘t handle the'weiglht. The road re- verted to horses and stationary engines. Experiments and testing continued, bringing s-ucll well-re- membered scenes as the Balti- more .and Ohio’s Tom Thumb los- ing a race to a horse-drawn car.

The first steam locomotive to make a regularly scheduled run in the United States was the Best Friend of Charleston, which pul- led 14ll passengers on Christmas Day, 1030. Only six miles of track extended from the South Carolina port. By 1833, the road had reach- ed Hamburg, 136 miles away. COASTS ARE LINKED

Then came a rash of locomo- tives, bearing names that are still remembered: the De Witt Clinton, John Bull. Pioneer, Roc-

v

ious kinds.‘

Nothing came of this. For the Soviet Government announced that it would refuse to partici- pate in' any way in the work of the new Commission. And that being so it was considered use- less even to convene the' Com- mission. And as the Secretary- Genera-l remarks in his report, “No other Wed means for re- suming discussion was devised." EXPERT AGREEMENT

Nevertheless there have been hapenlugs outside the UN. True, the N.A.T.O". Council proposal for a meeting of Foreign Misis- ters to try to resolve the disarm- ament deadlock was ignored by the Soviet Union. True-little head- way has been made towards the holding of the. “Summit” meet- lnz at which disarmament would be one of» the chief topics.

But there has been the agree- ment of experts in Geneva on the technical problems of control: ling an agreement to suspend nuclear tests. There is to be an 'American-British-RuSsian meet- lng at the end of next month to try to reach agreement on the who's location c” test suspension. And the Western Powers in pro- posing this also proposed that in the coming year there should be

gress in disarmaments.

pause to this‘from Moscow. One may expect the Assembly itself to try again to find an “agreed means for resumln' 2 discussion” whether it succeeds will depend mainly on the attitude of the So- viet group. '

These seem to me the outstand- ing items for the thirteenth ses- sion. But there are many others which will attract general atten- tion: for example, Cyprus and Algeria. And over and above these, there is the whole series of agenda items which are less controversial and so less noticed but which are the very stuff of international cooperation.

bar opponents on questions of for- eign policy if theme was political advantage to be gained.

PARTY TACTICS

Whatever personal satisfaction Gaitskell may have derived from scoring a point against his wily adversary , his chief purpose un- doubtedly was to win friends closer to home. ,

With the Lalbor party’s annual conference only twa weeks away, he has struck a chord guaran- teed to rouse favorable echoes in all sections of his party. Behind. their ideological and tactical dis- agreements, all Lalbor men are united in their desire to keep the Conservatives at home.

Most of the delegates at Scar-‘ borough are old enough hands to recognize the artificiality of the peace abroad and to fight the issue Gaitskell has raised. But they are equally aware of the op- portunities it offers.

The government will probably hear a great deal more about its W'l'fe - beating tendencies before the conference adjourns.

ket, Samson, and Lion. Trackage soaked farther and farther. In 1869, a golden spike driven .at Promontory, Utah, linked the Alt- lautic and Pacific coasts. '

Training a pillar of smoke by day and a shower- of spanks by night, the Iron Horse thundered back and forth“ across the coun- try, its great wheels and rods pounding in plain sight unlike the hidden drive of the sleek diesel. The railroads “changed the Uni- ted States from a small country with .a few seaports, and with towns and settlements little far- ther inland than river naviga- tion permitted, to a great na- tion covered with cities and span- ning a continent,” the Smithson- ian Institution recall-s.

Little noticed at the time, on October 22, 1925, a commercial» ly successful diesel-electric went into operation in the Bronx. New York, yards of the New Jersey Central Railroad. “Old No. 1,000 a switcher, it stayed in service until 1957.

By then there were only 2,404 steam locomotives in service in the United States—and 27,le dies- el-electri'cs Although the scatter- ed remnants of the proud species are still at work, they are rap-

idly being retired. The best place to show a child one of these WOT»

one thing. Radiation in the med-

‘usin-g professional equipment de-

“dialiillon the average person re-

ly gives patients more radia-

fresh efforts to make some pro-_ h

So far there has been no res- .

Radiation Is Useful Tool

By Herman N. Bondesen. M.D. TALK ABOUT the e'fect of radiation upon us and future gen- erations apparently is keeping many persons from} obtaining needed chest X- rays, dental ex- aminations and other roentgen- otherlapy. AID T0 DIAGNOSIS

Radiation in atomic warfare is

'cial field is something else a— gain. Our doctors have a gigan- tic task to inform the public of the value of roertgengraphy and tcentgenotherapy in diagnosmg and treating various illnesses. Necessary examinations per- formed by a competent physician

signed to minimize exposure, are not dangerous, USE RECOMMENDED

Several months ago, I told you that the American Trudeau Soc- iety, the medical organizations of the National Tuberculosis As- sociation, had investigated the matter and had recommended continued use of chest X-nays to diagnose tuberculosis except in specific instances.

llt’s true that most of the ra'