. fr-‘iraon Elcxrr '

HIS is a portion

of an illustration recently used to demonstrate the sup- eriority of metal over w ood shingles as a protection against the elements.

shingled root.

Paroid root.

in impervious to rain, arm, protection to farm buildings.

and in still water-tight. If you consider rooﬁng, don money-start right in the on

specify Neponset Paroid and —-tha name that spells honest

The base nl‘ Nepo

felt thoroughly im nated with asphalt,

EASY TO LA

with full direc

ll-‘l

Paroid ls a high-grade rug

in‘ it positively water- proof and fire-resisting

‘i .~a , Y‘

Mlzl-lwlrll . NEPIINSET

it shows the wind ripping great holes in the wood- ‘ No such made as between a metal rooi and a Neponset

comparison could be

IEBQMEET

PARUID

vvind or hail, and liven assured There are many instances in

which a Nspoaset Paroid roof has stood tbe test of every vartoty of weather condition for more than twenty yearn

‘t experiment, don't waste your tnmencemcnt and use a rooﬁn]

material that relieves you of all future oaren and worrien—

he sure you receive Neponnet rooﬁng ratinfastion.‘

lt in further reinforced with a talc surface, lroy in color; or with a per- manent slate surface, red or [reen in color.

DIE!

PNE- mak-

YfWith every roll of Neponsot

Puroid is supplied suﬂicient nails and cement

tiuns.

There in a Neponaet dealer in your district. Write us for his name and a copy of our illustrated booklet "Rooting Canada."

Made in Canada by

BIRD & SON, LIMITED, Hamilton, Ont.

"Canadian nil-nay, (‘anadlan nlana. lhntllti banpsnt . in ‘ trade."

Canada fol’ LAtiladilAt

1E!“

made tire of traditional v

LOCAL

J. STAN L l-‘ENNEL

-V. D. .

is the Canadian

Canadian quality

There's a V. D. L. tube for every tire.

You are safe on any road when shod with V. D.L.’s.

Inallsizessndeverysise aSupet-size.

Vsn Der Linda Rubber Co.

uuuao

Toronto - Ontario DEALERS. 4 tar Wl-JULOUR ” ~

S: CHAN DLER.

arments. A great vari

g . ‘I i ‘- 'ng "Cravenette" Regdfigrooied. i , .-“

‘w

s-~‘ M. ' t

t ‘x '\§~‘3".vr1f‘ﬁ»~l"~ ‘M A

»- Rainprooi Cloth For Two-Service Clothes When you choose materials for coals,

/. , -//¢’l.//////////

f! i/l-lgil

l...” glow/ll v.“ - -' "-~'

74 Vl',V'/S,"//‘," Qll/l/ ’

v suits or owns, buy cloth that you can wear .. . on wet ays or ﬁne-“Cravenette” R1: v _ Showerprooied En lish Gabardines,

g y‘ ; . pertain, Tweeds and Coverts. ere is a wide range in

y- differing weights, which make useful and modish

of cloths are continually

A Goat of the staunch Bradford Gabardine, “Craveneite” Rani. Y

' ; for instance, wears well, looks well, and in thoroug ‘ “ _ comfortable as a waterproof as well an a Spring and Fall Overcoat,

~ » ' t; will‘: ;’;:l':z:'.".:'.':l".:.r."..';:."l":.';,€";::::{'z;;ff:f- ‘"5" g l ‘fill! CRAVlilﬂTi-Z C0., l'.0. B»: i934, MONTREAL, Que. ‘ 86

1 O-Ql-JO CO0 QQOQO e

i ililils iorllléliolqrist ' ‘ IIY ALIIIT L- GLUUGH ‘ g THE BIA‘; "AXLE

In tho article on "The BevelGoar Drive." tho type of construction de- scribed was that in- which the whole differential unit das mounted independently upon bearing sup~ ported upon’ a differential carrier formed integrally with the axle- caaing." in this construction the axioahafta lake no part in suppor- ting the differential, their inner ends simply being "fiuled" into the hubs of the main differential gears. The shafts lbus curry the driving effort only, not being subjected to the weight of the differential uni" 0r to bending stresses incident to [he driving effort. in Fig. l is re presented, lin principle, anothr-r and ttil earlier type of construction in which the differential unit ls not supported upon its ovwn bearings, set into the housing structure. but is curried directly upon the axle- shatls. This construction is found on few models of cars, but is that aul-ployed in the ‘make of car that is in moat extensive us. Herc A is the inside end of the axlecasing, ill cros-ssoctlon. filled with all in- ternally projecting hub portion C, which is lllaclllncd with n recc-la in which is supported the snlrul roller bearing H, B is lhe inner end of one of ‘the axlenhafts -which run In bearing H and which is rigidly fastened into D—one of the two master-gears of the differential- the other axle shaft (not s-bown) being similarly arranged with its inside end fast in the other TIIJSIFI“ on-tial unit are reprtwented as fol- lows: E ,lhe ring-gear, F~lhe bevel driving pinion and G tho differen- gear. Other parts of the differ- tlal frame with the studs that carry the differentiol-plnions merely in~ dicated at K. Al J are reprosculed thrust washers, acting between the differential unit and the hub (I to limit end play and regulate the mesh ol nears E und ll‘. ll is plain lhut, in this construction. the shaft ‘B i ISSHDIBCUPU to bending stresses due l0 the loolll pres-sure br-lween the pinion and lgcitl" and lhe reuc lion of lhe bearing. in other words is has to resist nol only ‘lwlsling. lbut very heavy dolls-cling forces. and there ls a strong lendvncy lo cause the Siliills l0 brook insidi- the roller bearing. lilcifiélllkiiiy lhl- shafts, being rigidly fixed ln lllc (llffcrvnlhml gears, (runllot be lelnov~ ed wilhoul disassclllbling the whole "reur-nd." Fig. 2. iiepresotlls n method of l‘(';li‘-\\'llt*t*] lllouulillg, in which A is lllc outer onll of till- lubnlzlr shaft (raising 11nd l\' is lht porllion of the L‘)'iilll"l(‘iii extrusion or lill‘ rising which lion-am and ‘till t-llnrs (he llrukcs. This "llihl pro vidcs u cylindrical recon-s, fnrnlwl

l‘ hv llll- portion L. in WiilCll is pi-ac

el the conical roller bearing G which can he adjusted lilFFPiil by the bearing retulnrer iilill is lllrt-utll-il in-tr-rnnlly lulo l. l~‘c~ll washers ii um fnleli ull ouch side of bl-nring G to oxclulll» dirt uull re

lain lubricant, tho inner lun- llcirr

int u iil-‘ii ltl provc-nl lb» grvul lllhh“ (‘Jill from osr-ltping frulll lllr lufullar iilutlSillg. ll is the oulw porli-ln of uno lit‘ lhc axlt- sllufils, ifs tulprred l-nll running ill i)i‘-l,I.Il-"{ (l, llu- ud- lnslwlllh fr-ulurv o~ wllll-ll cnublee end-ploy in the shllfl lo bu. lukeu up. The internally lupcrw-ll hub l) of wheel M is keyed to the Iupklrcd slntlt-vllll and drawn Oniu ll r.l‘(‘lii‘k’ lv by l<‘, hub cup F. being screwed onto l) to tilmtprool’ the parts. in this l-un-ltrut-llon. tin». bearing ii placed hclwl-r-u tin- ﬂliiPrﬁlliiiil llsclf filii lho shaft housing. the wrlglll of llu- cur acting through lhc housing out] bearing upon the shall, while the reaction of this load acts lilTOllKh the wheel and bt-oring upon lllc rliiiiii ill the contrary direction. so l.hat there ls a bonding effect upon the portion of the shaft from the bearing outward, in addition to the twisting stress or lorquu of the drlvln-g power. Axles nro C0lii~ lnoni-y described in respccl lo the degree ln which their shafts urt- “floalad" or frop from bending at their ends and the two figures here presented ore shown in nrdcr to illustrate an axle construcllon which does not embody in nny de- gree the "flouting" prlnclple—~ both end-s of each shaft being su- jp(~||-r|.i() bending. ‘Fig. 2 should show a plain roller-bearing like tllul in Fig. 1, inslrnd of t1 lﬂ-IWPM roller-flooring. ln nrdcr to follow 'lil0l"\' closely the conslrltcllou used in tlu- uxlo of the most lw-illrly used muko or rnr. when g whe-cl-nloun- ling like that shown in Fig. 2 la cmlployml wllh a (lifit-renllal genr construction such as lhltl shown ill “Tito "Bcvvl Gear Drive" urllclc. viz. on“ supported in a differen- tlul carrlcr. a forlu of nxlo often spoke-n nf as tho "Bllfllidlflllllllﬂ" is tlll- rlsull. The inside ends of tho axle shaft "flout." wllholil fruit verse rcslruln nr bending alrcssrs in lhn differential gears. llul the outside cnrlll do not "float." bclng restrlliurd in lllr- outboard bottrlnga and having ‘to resist bending stress- es due to the loud and to road shocks.

Breakfast isn't breakfast for me unless we have

Posr TOASTIES

p”!urna-prqggyﬂﬂw1liﬁfilwwrwnoﬁwtﬂwrwrnrnlwwwavv- -'»--~ wrmrrvlwﬂrrvnsnmenanv v '- --- '

tllet- otlor-pinued crtrllcnul '

wheel mounting that is, very lat-gr ly used. in this construction. the outer and of the tubular shaft housing A ls drawn down to a rs- duced size-at the part B and the portion of the easing C. which in- cludes the brake casing gnd related parts. is riveted ‘around it at D, the outer end E. of the riveted-on sec- tion, forming a shoulder. The bub G of wheel F is recessed to admit the roller bearing H which rung ba- tween/tbe inside of tbs bub and the outer surface of shaft hosulng extension "B. Thus the car load," acting downward through the hous~ ill!- acts directly through housing extension B, bearing H and the wheel while 1G. the rlving afibtt; _ls not concerned, st 'al Jo resisting it and consequently ccnnot be sub-f jectad to bending stress due to car»

weight. Wheel bub’G is intsrnsllyi tapered end of axle ﬂlalt, K, where.

it ls secured by a key and by tliei nut L, over which screws hubcapI M. A dust guard N with tell ring

is fitted oilei‘ the inside of the bear~ '

ed to hold bearing lubricant. while l the outer end of the axle shaft,

ll this construction, carries no load, . sti ll it is rigidly fixed in the wheel, hub and thus is under restraint

and cannot be said to be "floatedf

However, an axis embodying this| method of kheel mounting and the

practice of floating the axle-sllaftal in the differential, is of-ten spoken 1f as a: "IiIFEBvQUBTIEPS floating" axle. Fig 2 represents the principle lnvovled in another form of rear wheef lnou ting. Hare A ls u cross section of ‘the tubular axle hous- ing, which is shouldered down to a somewhat smaller also ht the portion B. The hollow hub C of wheel D is flanged over on the in- side and receasedto receive the two taper roller bearings EE, which are adapted to resist not only tbs

lions and which run between the inside surface of bub C and ‘B. iiw supporting portion‘ of the ltouslng. a nut t‘ is threadGWlQxternaiYTWDB"

he cud of ll, lllus serving lo hold he whorl ill place and to linlll the end play ill lite bearings between il ,lllli the shoulder ill A. A felt rusllrr G is filled betwn-u llle hinge of hub l‘ and the axllt- rous~ lug. ln thin construction the wheel in mounted olltircly independently of the llxlesllaft and lilo car can be lowed or otherwise llluvod. oven if the axle-shafts nre not in place and the breaking or shaft does ont

allow a wheel to come oft’. Tho driving effort is transmitted from the axlc-shnft to the road wheel in the fololwlng manner: The outer and of axle-shaft H is fluted exter- nally at J. which flutings fli loose- ‘y pul positively inlo corresponding internal flullngs formed in the hub K of lilo cup shaped driving flange‘ ll, which is boiled to wheel hub C nt points N. tho driving effort bc- int: trzlllsnllllell through lhc nxlo shit-ft. the faces of its fittings, tho omitting faclugs of the flulings in K into lha flange L lo the wheel hub and wheel. Hub cup M screws over the threaded hub of driving flange L and excludes dust. An

mounting and n carrlermounted dlfforcnllul, with lilo axle shafts "fouled" in its gears ls known as n, "full flouting axle," for the axle shafts are absolutely free from ‘transverse stresses or rootrainl and servo only to transmit the propul~ slvo force not being affected by the load of tho cor. roar-axle designs clnbody means by which all mrchnnical part can be re~ moved, without requiring the re- moval or disassembling ofthc hous- ing. By means ol-a wltselpuller (a form of portable screw-press) wheel that are geared-u J1 1W6!"- t-d uxle-shufls can be rhwn off. Axlwnharla are simply drawn out of lhoc using utter ill reluovai or Willliltilil requiring tteln the

' case of ful "looting axlos-vaudiltc‘ .

(‘Plllffli pnrlltm of niltnybosuiilzv ls filb-ll ullth hand-hag» which. upon lllo rsluovlfoft ir covers. . lrnl om-nlnga of auth also that the differential unll, when freed from iin bl-urlnga, can ho removed as a whole. ltour whorl ‘hearing lubri- cttlluli is- usually nffordvd by git-Jail, form-d lu from o greastrcup projorrng through the wheel hub or tho hnualng at such a point at to titliivvt‘. lubulcant directly to the bearing, but oil. fed through a spllngclosed aperture. [is #01119" limes employed “ l

condoned 0n Page Nlns.

am;

lug and the bub recess 0 is provld- '

load but end thrust in both direc- ~

nxle embodying this type of wheel '

Moat advanced .

a an‘

F - ; THE-GHARLMTETUWN: . AiitnIaN. lu figure 11s, represented. in . f . , -prl_ttciple, another -i,neiitod_ of "NIP - . - ~

l‘... .1... Crunchy Eeshness

that honey-touched Flavor

PLANT AT

mu: stew mot Foil l4 YERRS lll A BIG cttm

tolloouour,

a - \ \§-\ \\ ~._.~\~_

\ .

1'.-

THIS BAR IN RED INK IS PRINTED . ONLYON

annulus ORIGIN"

__ .._i..._...__...._. __-._._-».