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Pnflflt Hons. Col. W. Oksssor 8. Mature Vino-Incident: J. l. Burnett, F.1d. lsIohry: Hens. O01. D. A. llulfnnon, 0.8.0. [III All longing Director: J. l Burnett, IJJ. llsdsis litters: Frank Wakes snsl Hols. In: A. II-nstt, LQNJLB. (On Active Hes-vice)

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Tlusn the Weakest Ink.” mmav, sum: ll, toss

ii

Ontario's Five Year Plan

It is announced by the Ontario Govern- ment that with t-he co-opcration 0f the Hydro- Electric Power Commission it will embark upon Is five-year plan to extend Hydro services to 84 per oent of the famts in Ontario, and to an ad- ditional 25,000 non-farmers in the rural parts of the province. The plan will involve total ex- penditures of $60,000,000 by the Commission, the Ontario Government and rural consumers. The 7,000 additional miles of l-lydro lines re- quirgd yo deliver to 57,900 new rural consumers will be followed to the farms by thousands of flfill of new equipment designed to confer un- told blessings upon Ontario farmers and their wives, and to stimulate food production be- yond all previous records.

Ivory Province is seeking ways and means of putting long-range plans of rural electrifica- tion into effect, but Ontario is away in the lead. This is portly due to natural advantages, but it is also attributable to the aggressive policies followed by the Drew Government. These pol- lcies included provision for the removal of Hydro from politics as well as the extension of electrical services and reduction of rates for farm users of electrical energy. Already more than 10,000 new Hydro services have been in- stalled in farm areas, and the Government's latest sn-n iucultuf of its five-year plan is a sequel to two years of solid achievement in promise-keeping which other provincial gov- trnflserlis would ti: well to study and profit by.

Taxation Rights And Realities

Prfnsior MseMillan of Nova Sootis is qvnsed as stating, apropos the coming Domin- ion-Provincial conference at Ottawa, that “this province will never relinquish its constitutional rights to taxation methods guaranteed under the British North America Act." At the same time Mr. MacMillsn started that be is “not en- tirely in favor" of the‘ payment of subsidies to the provinces in lieu of taxation and other forms of revenue which have been handed over to the Dominion Government for the duration of the war and for one year thereafter. Where- upon he is taken gently to task by his party organ, the Halifax Chronicle. "Other provinces, notably Quebec," it says, “are likely to be even more tenacious of provincial rights. Yet, if the provinces prove adamant on their prerogatives and at the same time, deprecate the method of subsidy grants in lieu of taxation, it is difficult to see what alternative any Federal government can offer to meet the many situations which at present demand general Dominion-wide legisla- tion to deal effectively with them."

There is sound sense in the Chronicle's srgtn-nent. kVhat is needed is some sort of working compromise, or "experimental scheme", st it suggests, which would permit of some fhvdification of the B. N. A. Act without plac-l mg the provinces in an irrevocable position with regard to their constitutional rights. That may prove as difficult of solution as the schoolboy- problem of eating one's cake and having it. Prime Minister King, whose talent for poli- tical compromise has been exerted so often and so successfully for partisan ends, would seem to have here an opportunity of doing a job of real value for his country. He can bless his stsrs, _st any rate, that his party did not sue. ceed in re-electing Mr. Hepburn as Ontarju government leader. It was Hepburn who wrecked the last Dominion-Provincial confer- ence, largely on the ground now raised by Prem- ier MacMrllan-namely, refusal to relinquish rights to taxation methods guaranteed under the B. N. A. Act.

Mr. Hopburn's attitude may have been logi. cal from the standpoint of Canada’s wealthiest province, which would stand to lose by a more equitable distribution of income and corpora- tton taxatiorurevenue. It surely does not apply to the Maritnues, however. Our position was well put by Premier .\IacMillan himself at the 194i conference when he said: "It is lfllperg- I've for us that we be assured of sufficient fin- Incense‘ rneet and care for our provincial re- sponslbihties and that we be in s position, on eorreot and proper principles, with average sev- erity of taxation, to give our people average standards of services, and that fair and equit- able treatment as of right be safeguarded to us for the future.”

Such being the case, why not get down m brass tacks? Hon. john Bracken did so at the 1941 conference when he said, speaking as Premier of Manitoba: "It is axiomgfig QM provincial autonomy in the practical and sub- stantial sense means not only {ha communion“ power to discharge provincial government func- tions but also the financial capacity to discharge "m"; If the P¢0Ple and the government of s. province are desirous of following s certain p01. ley which is within their legal powers as do. termined by the B. N. A. Act, but are pre- vented from doing it by lack of finances, aris- lllft. through no fault of their own, the fact that their legal autonomy is imimpaired is of little consolation to them. Yet that is the position in which Manitoba, and we think possibly some of the other provinces. found themselves in the esrly 1930's.”

And again: "No doubt it oould be argued that the right to impose these taxes (income, inheritance and corporation taxes) is a provin-

Bnt provincial governments do not tax for the mere sske of taxing; they tax in order to get, the revenue with which to pay the cost of dis- Chlrging provincial functions of government. If however, in lieu of these taxes the provinces are relieved of certain costly responsibilities and at the same time are given ‘an adequate source of revenue-one which is not given or withheld at the will of the Federal Government but is established by law in accordance with s certain formula-then the alleged loss of auton- omy arising from the transfer of these taxes is but a technical and not a real loss." _

These words of Mr. Bracken are worth pondering today. Unless the smaller provinces are prepared to adopt a similarly realistic view at the coming bonference, there does not seem to be much prospect of arriving st any solu- tion as to the financing of our tremendous post-war schemes and ttf0jCCtl.

A I946 Census‘?

The proposal has been launched that there should be a Dominion census in 1946. It has been the law_ and the custom for Canada to have a census every ten years, and the last one was in 1940. The reason for a. new census is because of the dislocation of the population during the wsr years. Not only has there been such dislocation from one section of the coun- try to another, but activities and vocations of people in tens of thousands are now believed t0 have been permanently changed. The wealth of the country, too, has been abnormally increas- ed. A Dominion census embraces far more data than the mere counting of heads. Its re- sults are the basis for national and general business accounting, even for industrial planning and for the framing of transportation policies.

It is believed that Canadian business in general would endorse a new census next year, says the Sjydney Post-Record. It is a. subject, no doubt, that will be taken up by Chambers of Commerce and associated Boards of Trade. A new census would mean, too, a redistribution of parliamentary seats, with Quebec remaining stationary at 65.

-EDITORIAL NOTES-

Hon. J. L. Ralston, K.C., has been elected

so the directorate of Canadian Vickers Ltd. I I I I

Why did the King Government select to- day, Friday, 13th, to start our meatless days? Good luck to them!

iii!

It is something new for this province to have a buyer visit us in search of potatoe;s—“in any quantity", too.

s s m s-

A British steel making firm has rolled nine tnillion tons of steel during the war-—an aver- age of almost 4 tons s. minute.

i i * i

Oil technicians in Britain have perfected a rust-preventive fluid which expels water from machinery and metals; 250,000 cans were de- livered to the U. S. authorities before D-Day.

I U I I

Premier Jones is in the limelight as a Hol- stem breeder. Hope he will be equally success- ful at the Inter-Provincial Conference in bringing much needed financial aid to our de- pleted treasury.

s a n-

A British invention known as the turbo- transmitter is expected to revolutionize motor- ing. It dispenses with gears and gives corn- plete control from the accelerator pedal. and Wlll be incorporated in several makes of British

C315.

i!!!

Disfranchisedl Of all persons to be left off the electoral roll, who would have thought of the Prime Minister of Great Britain? Yet so 1t was. When Mr. Winston Churchill went to vote in the constituency in which I0 Down- ing Street is located he found his name had been omitted from the voters’ list.

l‘ i IF l"

The Treaty of Berlin signed this date I878, by which the then differences between Turkey and Russia were straightened out. By it Bulgaria was divided into Bulgaria proper and Eastern Rumelia; Bosnia and Herzgovina were to be occupied by Austria; Rumania, Ser- biafand Montenegro were to be made independ- ent; and Ardaban, etc., ceded to Russia "Peace with honor" was declared to be the outcome, but it was not very long before there “was trouble in the Balkans" once more, and there has been ever since.

l F I I

Saskatchewan farm workers made s splen- did Nlponse so die Ontario appeal for help, ap- proximately 1,200 having gone before the end of June. They have also met the need for help across the international border, some 15o com- bines and crews having crossed the border rec- ently from Saskatchewan to the midwest states to assist American farmers get off their grain crops. Under the farm labor plan, an agree- ment on which was signed with the Dominion government, Saskatchewan was called off to supply Ontario with 1,000 farm workers. The province exceeded the required number by 20o, while several hundreds more went from the

other two western provinces. i l I l

isnportnrn dsy in the lives of Saskatchewan school teachers. On that dste legislation poss- ed s/t the special session of the legislature lsst fall, and providing for an increased minimum in teachers’ salaries, osme into effect. Suk- stdiewsn teachers now get s minimum sslsry 0f $1,200 a year, provided they hold s perman- ottt certificate, snd $1,000 for those who are qualifying for such s certificate. The minimum salary schedule is the highest in Canada. Form- er statutory minimum for the province was $700 s yisr. Period between enactment of the new measure and the time it went into effect gave school boards the chance to adjust their bud-

rial function and a part of provincial autonomy.

gets.

Besides being Dominion Day, July I was sn in;

i r

Anolelt W his ace. w ch 3w. that:

god of po tbe old boys knew their way

around-Edmonton Journal.

Thorn used so be what was hows: u the "Spanish rlsoner racket." ‘that was before noo made aeslffllaht busfnesa-London Free

ss.

German lslsnthh olslsa Iller lost. the war because he attrfbutsd so much importance to "screwball and scare" wes us. After suc- ceeding with bun s11 his 111e, what. other view could the Fuehrer take? -Toronto Telegram.

The statue of Iron, removed dur- ing the war, 1s to be returned to Ptccadlly Otrcus. Pfccsdlll , byths way. set its name from eesdtlly Hall, the homo of one Higgins, s tailor, 1n the early 17th century, The Toronto Star reports. The hall, 1n turn was named after merchandise gins sold-picco- dlllles. which were ruffs, or lace edgtngs, or stiff supports for the same.

Completely new h weather forecasting methods learned dur- fng the war are going to make peacetime forecasts more depend- able. Stratosphere balloons sen: up four times s day from four statlons 1n Britain send out by auto; matlc radio weather information which will guide the farmer 1n his harvestlng. Forecasts worked out by the new system have shown a remarkable advance on those evolved by the 01d methods. At- tached to the balloons are delicate meteorological instruments which automatically radio their readings to reception sets below. These readings are sent, to s. maln con- trol statfon 1n London, which cor- relates them with mlnute-by-mtnute bulletins from sea. and air and translates them into terms of weather forecasts for the‘ whole country.—Monti-ea1 Star.

Development of n new t of vaccme 1n the Franklin Institute Biochemical Research Foundation at, Newark oomes at a time when millions of lives are at. stake be- cause of the spread of cholera in India. Its evolution represents five years of effort by Dr. Robert K. Jennings, working at, the instiga- tion of Dr. Elllce McDonald, direc- tor of the foundation. Produced simply under a new method, from materials said to be readily avail- able everywhere, the formula has been rushed to the e fdemfc area of India for use by t e American Quaker relief workers and the Am- erlcan Friends of Indls, Inc., the latter organization betng headed

J. Edgar Rhoads of this city. ore than 1,000 natives are being inoculated daily by Quaker teams with the anti-cholera vaccine, made locally and having the advantage of being s. "one-shot” preparation 1nstead of the multl-shot serums previously used-Wtlmlngton (Del) Journal.

Graduation first to a nnall child's bicycle and later to n full size one is merely a matter of time. But generally speaking dur- ing all these years of ractlce, the chlld. 11D to the age o 12 and 13. has already acquired a remarkable control over the bicycle and a dexterity 1n riding that stands hlm 1n good stead when he 1s calle upon to ride to and from high school, besides engaging 1n the pur- poseful riding expected of delivery boys. Standards and tests of good bicycle riding should be encouraged, and they should include the exer- else of good Judgment 1n the use of the roads and the observance of traffic rules. Whether all this would be achieved by setting 8 minimum age of 12 ls highly d9- batable. Perhaps organized bl- cycle riding competitions 1n the various age groupsgmlght. be more heIpfuL-Ottawa Citizen.

For reasons incomprehensible to the ordinary male, no woman Seems satisfied for very long with her external appearance. Her tout ensemble must undergo frequent alterations. or she becomes dis- contented. Today she ma)’ have found a shade of 11 stick or r0080 that pleases her asicy, only t0 change next week or next month to another shade. One season she wears a ridiculous little hat, but wants one smaller or larger and even more ridiculous the neXt- Thus, on and on. If illustrations 1n current advertisements are any criterion, a radical change 1n the feminine “hair do" tmpends. It 1g not. suggested that styles 1n wo- men's hairdressing have not un- dergone frequent mutation; every- one knows that they have. But this new one 1s rea 1y Bowel-hi"! different, and has been named the "Psyche Knot". To our eye 1t re- sembles more the typical hair-dress- ing of a F151 Islander. — For Erie ‘Hmes-Revtew.

Mrs. Courtney Hodges. Wh“ bflllhl "a foolish red hat" to wear ‘JVGBU greeting the returning general. may have started something when she said: "He's sure to like iii-bull h" sure not, to admit 1t." An after- edltton poll of husbands tn our newsroom found sentiment evenly divided, The Christian Science Mon- itor reports. Not, all the New Eng- lnnders, 1t, might be noted. favored conservative hats for their wives. One liberated-minded Mtd-westerner was emphatically for sober- ness and moderation. At same time a Southerner who likes to think himself conservative W811i on record 1n favor of tricky head- gear. One lady of our soquatn once slwsys thought her husband liked her to wear conservative hats and she was 1n s dither when she discovered that he was oornlns home on leave unexpectedly. And m0 with that silly hat! she walled. But. Johnny was really wild about 1t, 1t. seems. whereupon she bought. another still crazier-and he liked 1t, even better. All 01 which may so to prove that the girls really know what their men want when they go out, to buy those dtppy lids for the homecom-

Iqv It h so step Ins-Gs the nlg t. after a day of rnln and see the sky is gleaming 1n their

laces, sxclstms the New ~ York

0a.. A sky that. slurs by day- light ls full of radiance. but when 1t clears 1n darkness than 1s glit- terf-ng promise 1n every, win lng ray of starlight. There is resa- sursnce 1n such stars, hung 1n a night sky washed clean and made ready for clear days to ootne. Work 1s done by sunlight, but. 1t. 1s un- der the stars ths great. dreams are dreamed. There ls warmth snd lffe 1n the day's sunshine; but rt 1s the stars that lure man's rnfnd to the endless immensity of s universe so

broad mat tangible reality csn

. never man 1t. No night 1s so dark

11'

d were about

,1:

hi0‘

Flight Lieutenant P. O. I. lrlollslll. I. A. A. I‘. (I. I. C. Irssdsslt)

. ___._

I find fl turd b belsvo fantastic things that happened 1n that camp.

You see, 1t was no simple tun- not. It was, wolf, there were three tnsnnels. the work of what w“ c me "1' organisation —the work of ffve hundred men for fifteen months. We carried ou the whole show 1n a pretty barren compound about three hundre: and f1ft.y yards square swarmlrr

th German security guard- night and day. searching an-t snooping with probes and torche= As well as the tunnels, we had tr organize factories for mass fort:- ‘ery, map and compass making, fc producing tron rations, tsllorlr.‘ carpentry and metal-work shc" all part, of the scheme for the r BSCH-IJE. We had to use a cor of hundred sentrles to conceal r operations and the fact that _' got away with 1t was larlgely c to s genius, kmwn as 31E who organized 1t. all. He had c:_' manded the R. A. R's top-scar" fighter squadron till he was s: down over the beaches of Du:- klrk 1n 1940. He was among the: the Gestapo shot.

The three timnels were alwny called Tom, Dick and Harry fn" security reasons. and Harry. nu“ last chance, was the one that. ran" the bell. It was over three hun- dred and fifty feet long, a world’. prison camp remrd, and thirt- feet deep to evade the sound de- tectors sunk by the German; around our beloved barbed wit? Eighty officers not out. through Harry; another world's . I think.

O O O

We b an planning the big break about hr1stmas1942. 81x months later tzhe boys had Tom, our first tunnel. about three hundred feet long and were about to dlg up. out and away, when Herman. one of

man security guards. accidentally oug his probe-iron spike-into the invisible edge of Tom's trflPf-‘lvol’. and that was the end of Torn.

After that blow. we found that Dick was unsuitable because the Germans suddenly out down the wood where 1t was to come up. and built, another compound there, so. early ln January last. year, work went. full steam ahead on Harry. The entrance to Harry was s cunning trarp door 1n a room that the Germans searched at. least six times, looking for just that sort of thing, but they never found Harry's modest portals. They were underneath the stove in a corner of the room: we'd taken a square of tiles out. of the floor there, fitted them lnto a concrete tray. so that. the whole lot lifted out. cleanly 1n one piece. and 1t was so we] done that you couldn't see the edges. Under this we dug a shaft that dropped straight down for thlrty feet. ft. was all wood-lined and shared. and so. incidentally. was the tunnel. To do that we stripped all the beds 1n the camp of some of their cross slats-there 1.500 hecls—and we stripped certain other places too. It made for rather uncomfortable sleeping, but what of that? Thirty feet down we dug out an under- ground pumping chamber, de- signed and built an alr pump and smuggled 1t down. From old tln cans we made an alr pipe-line that had a secret intake 1n s. disused chimney and was taken along with a transferable nozzle, foot by foot as the tunnel progressed, buried under the railway tracks on the tunnel floor.

on yes, about this railway. We also dug an underground work- shop where we assembled wooden

frames for shorfnrz the tunnel and

built wooden railway lines and trollles with flanged and metal tyred wheels for tunnel transport. It was in thrceiscctions-you had to change trucks twice to g0 the full length of the tunnel-the trucks were hauled backwards and forwards by a. rope.

I

The tunnel itself was about two feet square-pretty cramped for ivorktng ln-and the boys digging used to work naked or 1n the hated long underpants. Clothw would have hampered them, and dirt stains would have glven the show sway. but 1t was easy them to slip round to a bathroom where we'd rigged up a shower, and

out of their hair. One lad. lying full length. hacked away at vhe sand while his No. 2, lying just. behind, passed 1t back on the rall- way. Nearly every day owing to the loose sand. there were dang- erous falls at the face which held up work badly. The only warn- fng would be a slight rustle and then No. 1 digger would be hurled under feet of suffocating sand, fallen from the roof. Our home- made lamps and ulrllne would be smothered. and No. 2 working fast would have to flnd h1s pars feet 1n fnky blackness and haul hfrn back out from under. Getting rld of the sand was one