MaRca_Z 1wnl

TTHE EDUCATIONALTIORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST TOATEACHEBS AND ALL‘ OTHERS SEEKING

CANADIAN

n15" uired T Build UP "Taste-ii.

l, Well-trained Teachers.

l, Good initial salary.

3. Sick Leave benefits.

1,‘ Small turn-over of teacher: in

Profession (I006 R1111")-

l. Future “economically secure (pod pension). __ gqod physical conditions (build- ml], equipment, etc.)

Teacher Supply The enrolment at teacher train- mg institutions in the various pro- vinces is as follows: ‘

I.

British common s23 Alberta 595 Saskatchewan . - 900 Manitoba 445 Ontario 1533 Quebec (Pro e n . 1T0 Quebec (Catholic) . . 5515 New Brunswick .. . N0 Nova Scotia 4W PrinceEdward Island 61

TEACHERS! FEDERATION N'EWS by J. A. S. Wiliiomi

IMPROVEMENT

Tom

Lay teachers (female) .. Lay teachers (male) ..

Religious teacher: (fema e . Religious teachers (male) .

row

Under normal conditions, P. E. l. requires 100 teacher: yearly in training. We are, therefore, short 39 for a normal requirement. l-Iow- ever. considering that we have this year had issued 80 permits, to- gether with Third Class teachers. Prince Edward Island has a short- age of considerably over 100 teach- ers. In the profession, too, as an abnormal condition, we have a high percentage of our teachers married women, who have been urged their various districts to give of their time to try to help out in this serious situation. ln this latter class are 114. ' -'

oowr UND-E-RESTIMATE narrower or m: TEACHER

Dgwqy wonders what licked him. flame say it was Labour. Others uy it was his own smug complac- ency. There were other factors. Here's one of them: Drew Pearson at the U. S. A. on June 2i, 1948.

reported in part as follows: "At a Governors’ Breakfast. Dgwgy started lambasting the

teachers‘ lobby for Federal Aid. He said it had flooded the country with falsehoods and he urged that the governments start a counter-of- fensive-Wfll call an executive ses- sion and exclude the press. Teach- erg‘ propaganda is the biggest llo since Adolph Hitler." ' Pearson soss on to say that Dewey proposed that. two publicity experts be hired at 550.000 s your to start with full-page advertise- ments. combatting the teachers’ propaganda. Later, Mr. Pearson said, "Whiis 1 have high-regard for Mr._Dewey on most other is- sues, he has not been able to see that the education of American youth is more important than bal- ancing the budget?" Mr. Dewey was again reported to have refer-

li is a world-wide movement from which children are learning:

1. To promote their own health and that.of others. 2. To develop the essentials of 809d citizenshiP end national friendliness.

The children elect their own of- ficers and carry out their own act- ivities under supervision of the teacher. Membership is open to all school children who care to prac- tics the health games and to_ help other children who need-help. No progressive community, no well qr- ganized school. no thoroughly equip- ped teacher can afford to be with- nut Junior Red Cross-in the class- room as an adjunct to education. Junior Red Cross places in the hands of the teacher an invaluable aid to hygiene by Providing free of charge for the school room a series of health posters embody- ing the rules of the health lame. pictures of proper posture. healthy foods and simple laws of sanita- tion. It provides health plays and literature for use of teachers and pupils. '

It inhoduces into the classroom the only Canadian magazine for Canadian children, a publication in which health, art, nature study. citizenship, literature and history all make their contribution to in- ierest the child.

It links the classroom with the nation, and with the world through its programs of exchange port- lolios which bring together Junior

Red Cross groups throughout the‘

world in a scheme of international school correspondence.

The self discipline imposed by membership in a J. B. C. branch and the practice of health rules and aood citizenship iasd to a more ready "obedience and courtesy shown both in the home and in the school room.

The interest in health and health habits results in cleaner schools and greater care of school buildings and property. All Red Cross Junior: are pledged to prac- tice the rules of the health game. and form wetting forth those rules "9 Iillilil ed- to all school rooms Where Junior Red Cross is organ- ized. School gardens and school lunches are a part of the Junior Red Cross programme. -

There is no obligeto y member- lilii) fee. the pledge to o health rules and serve other chil- drcn less fortunate than themselve- constitutes‘, membership in Junior Red Cross, but money raised by the Juniors thiiough special efforts is devoted toithe support of the Jun- ior Red Cross. It gives free treat- ment to sick and crippled children Whose parents cannot afford to

red to the teachers’ lobby as “damn- abie blackmail and Hitler's tac- tics." Surely, he doesn't have to wonder what licked him. The Na- tional Education Association and the teachers of the United States can tell him.

It is well for us to . ember what influence we have as teach- ers. Our influence is never wholly absorbed in one classroom or in one generation. One of our greatest re- sponsibilities as teachers lies in the way we acquire and use our in- fluence. Our influence today is bound to have a tremendous bear- ing on the work and lives of our pupils tomorrow. Our influence upon other teachers and the influ- ence of other teachers upon us is certain to become a powerfully im- portant factor in our professional lives and theirs.

Be sure that it is a true and wholesome professional influence. After what happened to Dewey. don't let anyone under-estimate the power of the teacher.

(Taken from The Manitoba Teacher) '

JUNIOR no cross (Continued)

pay for their care.

Children of all nationalities and creeds are cared for as patients of the Junior Red Cross, which knows no distinction of nationality, creed, class, colour or religion. The or- ganization of Junior Red Cross in the classroom is simple, its growth is spontaneous through the inter- est of the pupils. its activity is maintained by the enthusiastic co- operation of its own members, the boys: and girls of today who are our citizens of tomorrow.

The teacher we believe to be the greatest force outside of the home. and in many cases the teacher is more influential than the home in developing good citizens. We know from our experience in Junior Red Cross work that teachers have been a tremendous factor in recent years in lncuicating good health and health conscience in children.

-This is proving to be of inestim- able value in making healthier and happier men and women. It lsmost difficult to develop good health ha- bits in adults but easy in children. because a child is receptive and willing to" believe. The school is the logical place to teach children these good health habits because in many homes the parents are in- sufficiently informed or interested in developing them. If the child be taught to keep his body func- tioning properly and learns how to ward off preventable iiis and the ,‘ measures to adopt when iii, he is sure to be a healthier, hap- pier child and will likely be a bet- ter happier citizen. '

I believe that in the years to come,» the whole personnel of pub- lic health works will profit by a public ‘plrit which received its first ‘st muius through the work of the Junior Red Cross. Millions of children have been taught to regard health as an ideal, as an instru- ment of service, as an obligation of good citizenship. They are not following their code because aduiis made them follow it. They are foi- iowing it because millions of other children are following.

We advise every teacher in P. E. l. who. has not yet developed a Junior Red Cross Society in his or her classroom to start one at once, just as an experiment. ‘Let us re- member the object of the Junior Red Cross is "Good Health", "Good Citizenship" and "Service for Oth- ers." It is the children's own show. They are proud of the fact that they are members of a world-wide organization. We wish you success in'your great work. Keep health and work. The world needs your help. But don't put it off. Join now.

cam: srsrivats FOR SCHOOLS

W9 hill» have read thead- tlertiaeinent, announcing‘ s drama esiival for all the ‘-schoole of

Prince Edward. Island, which ap- '

"'35."! The" Guardi of ‘I'll Gulf on Saturday. Febfnflth. ’ uaiiiohzsonsois of the Fes- ;._.;,...i: r.'s.i:.:°......... u: Brim. Issome one has ‘said ‘In instrument not only for‘ wash- " “l! loilioi the daily duet’ but 3:10am? spilrrlol-the-in- - e ll" I harnessing ‘Ego ‘ Mllllot and tliaemotioos, there f‘? i". dry-loses the fpcuityof im- ,,','“"9"- tAs seamen for-study. e extrsnklll-lylfillllflllgt can ""1 7i" than ‘lore i .re_. rational saiteducetio ". I sih "Pasha m» numiilt‘ d variety

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The study of Drama is a study of emotions, how to stir them. how to control them, how to sway them.

Then there is the whole field of effective speech, including as it does articulation, enunciation, in- fiexion and modulation. Our speech could be greatly improved by study under competent instructors or by foiiowing__ instructions obtainable in books on the subject.

,_ Jn order that a play may be suc- cessful. we must have co-o, ion and teanrpiay in a cast between esoh of the actors; There must be also co-operation between all mem- befl of the production staff. Here is where we,as a " or members of a club have a great op-

wfiitlgiifi pfeleat-niflg how to work

er. » . aEDrsiba Festival needs your

su all iuidencm. There is a use“; CWlitlag/xdiitl cgtilrlategl‘. . , ii ll 0 e bsdeddralmfiwnst they are miss-

" _ not, I iiig drama in our j ai-moohmuws

‘l?

new; ‘creative recreation.

, I

m‘ EDUCATION

‘ is essentially a domocr tic" institu- tion ' ' "» ~ '

Let thoseof us, who realise the possibilities of Drama. assist all

, , . The Canadian Parliament in its present form was set up by‘ the B. N.\A. Act of I861. However, its roots go much farther back. For its beginning we must‘ turn to the early parliaments of England, their struggles with the crown, their fights for free speech and for all those other "privileges and immun- itles" which the speaker of the Canadian House of Commons still formally claims from the\ King's representative at the opening of each Parliament _at Ottawa.

lt.was not till the reign of Ed- ward the First that the word Par- liament (from the French "parlor" —to speak) was first used in an English Statute to describe the Great Council. That was in 1275. Those early parliaments were very different from the parliaments of today. When they came to have a House of Commons. the Commons were representative only of a lim- ited class. Six centuries of evolu- tion and struggle had to pass be- fore pariiamentary democracy as we know it today came into play.

Today the honour of being elect- ed to Parliament is eagerly sought. But when modest traders were first chosen by English towns as their representatives in Parliament, many did not take the trouble to go. The journey was tiresome and expens- ive. Yet despite difficulties. the early Parliaments soon discovered their power. Kings had to have money to wags wars and they had to go to Parliament to get it. And the Parliaments made their grants of money conditional on the re- dress of grievances. '

In 1621 when James the First commanded the Commons to ab- stain from discussion they bluntly told him that "the liberties, fran- chises, privileges, and jurisdictions of Parliament are the ancient and undoubted birthright of the sub- jects of England-and the making of laws and redress of grievances. which daily happen within this

He was born at Epworth in Lin- coinshlre; his life covered almost the whole of the 18th century. At Oxford he gathered about him a little society for prayer and study and charitable work, called Metho- dists. His work: Ciergyman of Church of England; went 'to Am- erica as misslonary to I " at fifty pounds a year. Best work was done in England where he went about on horseback preaching and organizing work of the Methodist Society; preaching usually five

i

Ho was an outstanding social re- former, reserved, shy and melon- choly and deeply religious; devoted his life to the relief of the poor and suffering in factories and mines. In 1833 his efforts result- ed in a Factory Act which forbade children under._13 years to work more than 9 hours a defy; boys and girls 13 to 18 were not to work more than 68 hours a week; no one under 18 to do night work. In ‘i842 a Mines Act was passed for- bidding all women, girls, and boys under 10 to work underground. The next step was the “Ten l-lours Act" of 1847 which prevented women, .boys and girls‘ under 18 from work- ing more than 10 hours a day; it

The participants are paired off. Each selects a short descriptive passage from a class Reader or literature text and writes it out with double spacing between the lines and with the most effective modifiers omitted. A space the approximate length of the missing modifier should be bracketed off, and in th_e space some direction should be given such as word,

A student names a verb — spoke for example-and everyone in r the class tries to compose a sentence using a different adverb describing spoke: l-Ie spoke angrily. It is a

‘m: siiop

1. Explain: "Nearly all the best and most precious, you can get for a huifpenny.” Answer: Nearly ail the things that are of most real value in this world can bo-bought for very little. .

2. Had Chesterton really come to the end of-his dream when he en- tered the shop‘! Answer: No. The toys\had become toys again but his dream had only changed in ‘form. .

3. Explain with relation to the context. “Very often indeed (in my case) it is bumping into a man. Answer: Very often. Chesterton goes along in a day dream and is only brought back to realities by bumping into a man.

4. Writs e note on each of the characters: Dickens, Richard Steele,

There is no local: p. cessin or smelting iron ore in Newfoundlenyo, and the incipai markets ha

been the steel industry at "f ey. Nova Scotia, and, save for wartime interruptions, Germany. Since the war substanti ‘ quantities have been. marketed in the United King-

dom. ' .

The lead-sinecoppsr deposits of the Buciians ares have contributed to ‘ Hand's, ' ' exports since the" opening of the mines in 1927. The ore. body now being work-

e

‘so "swarm.

i.

i

LORD SHAFTESB

lovers

persons wishing to participate in the Drama Festival which takes place in April.

HOW OUR PARLIAMENT CAME TO BE

realm, are proper subjects and matter of Council and debate in Parliament."

When Charles the First sought to prevent the Commons from drawing up a protest by commanding the Speakerto adjourn, two members ofthe House prevented the ad- lournment by holding the Speaker in the chair. Doors were locked and the Commons passed their res- olution. Then Charles the First himself went to the House to ar- rest five members whom he ac- cused of treason.

"The divine right of Kings" was finally destroyed when Charles was executed. Then came the Civil War, the Commonwealth under Cromwell as Protector, and then the Restoration of Charles the Second. When the restoredStuarts showed the same dictatorial traits as their pledecessors, they were driven from the throne, and Par- liament chose new rulers: William and Mary of Orange. However, be- fore aiiowing them to take the throne, Parliament made them sign the Bill of Rights of 1689 which. among other things, lays down that the "freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament are not to be impeached in any court or place out of Parliament.

Thus bit by bit the Parliament of Westminster established for it- self freedom of speech. Gradually it became the taxing power. Gradu- ally it became the supreme legisla- tive authority of the nation. And, as the Canadian Parliament inherited the riflita and privileges of the British Parliament. the Parliament at Ottawa today has three main functions:

1. To control the manner in which taxes are to be levied and public moneys spent.

2. To consider legislation and to pass laws. '

3. To provide a forum where pub- lic grievances may be discussed and remedies found.

"JOHN WESLEY l703-l79l ‘

times on Sunday; spoke to large crowds and moved them to par- oxysms of religious fervour. (b) Value of his work: Did much to change the whole outlook of the nation, softened s. hard age by his teachings: taught new standards of life; influenced the Church of England to promote social reform such as better religious education, abolition of slavery, and the care of children; his followers were led to avoid evil practices as smuggling and selling of votes.

URY (1801-1885)

was due largely to Shaftesburys efforts. He “visited cellars, gar- rets, gin places, beer-houses, gam- ing-houses, and every resort of vice and violence" to gain first-hand knowledge of the poor. He helped found "schools" for very poor chil- dren. Many were helped to learn a trade or to emigrate. An Act passed for better care of iunatics was known as Shaftesbury Act. A Public Health Act of 1848 gave pow- ers to a Board of Health to im- prove sanitary conditions. drainage. and water supply. Shaftesbury sat on the Board: he roused public opinion on such questions as hous- ing reform. When he died, he left an England that was a better, more charitable country in which to live,

MODIIFIER GAME

phrase. clause. the preposition or the conjunction which introduced the modifier, or whatever the play- ers decide is best. Each pair then exchange papers and the individual players write in their suggestions in the lines above the bracketed spaces. The answers mny be read aloud, followed by a reading of the original version.

GAME

good idea to have someone at the board writing the adverbs for sub- sequent examination. Here are n few for a" beginning: looked, walk- ed, entered, worked, sang, replied.

OF GHOSTS

and Ben Johnson, showing why Chesterton should introduce these as old friends of Father Christmas. Answer: Dickens‘ in all his writ- ings showed himself a loyal s'up- porter of the Christmas spirit. In his "A Christmas Carol" he pied for the retention of the Christmas spirit in our business and private lives. Richard Steele in a number of writings. praised and pleaded for better practice of the Christ- mas splrit. Ben Johnson wrote a number of songs which paid iri- bute to the spirit of Christmas as celebrated in Old England.

What conclusion did Dickens‘ Ghost and the author come to re- garding Father Christmas? Ans- wer: That Father Christmas had always seemed to be ‘dying but would live forever. '

NEWFOUNDLAND (Continued)

ed- is limited, and failing future discoveries, may be exhausted dur- ing the next decade. _ Floor-spar, and limestone, the aluminum and steel industries in Canada and the Uh ted States, are produced by smaller ining de- velopments. With the exception of limestone, all mineral output in Newfoundland is exported. resources of Labrador have not yet been thoroughly surveyed. but there are large deposits of high-grade hematite ore in ‘the area‘ ‘ ' _ on Northern Que- bee. huge water-power otentiaiitiss nearby at Grand Pei (which is much higher than N gara), and substantial stands of mber. The tourist industry’, too may have pos- sibilities of develo_ ent both in Newfoundland and Labs-poor. Newfoundland is Britain's oldest There are inniimerabls

colony.

1115.. GUARDIAN» - QHAKHZTIETQWN

uaedflby _

a The Road ' io the Market

“Jisohadstotlsebanlnforbotlsnsarkct sad bank are essential to good family living.

Through four generations, it has been s tradition with man thousands of Canadian families to use e‘ services of The Canadian Bank of Commerce. Prom cashing payroll and salary cheques to safeguarding famiy savings, or lendin funds for edugational an medics! services,‘ you'll find banking as Commerce hel ful to every member of the amiiy‘. Plan to open an account now.

Rev. Warren L. Lsagiiig of Am- herst, has been oarfilfll a double load in the United Church Mount Allison Campaign for $400,000.00 opening (which opened) March 6 in the Maritime Provinces. Ila is not only Chairman of the Cum- berland Presbytery which has on allocation of $18,000.00 but is Soo- rctary of the general campaign committee which with the assist- ance of Mrs. Stella DesBarres and the staff of the Alumni Office ll B}??? Allison has organized the