Grim Racial Struggle In South Africa Today

TORONTO (CP)-A land where extreme racial segregation is offi- cial government policy; where many white persons look to the Bible to justify attempts to main- tain their d 0 min a n t position; where fear drives men to suppress the black populationrthis is South Africa today as seen through the eyes of a Canadian newspaper man.

Ken MacTaggart of the Toronto Telegram has travelled through South Africa and written a series of stories on the racial problem there.

He describes it as a country -"where fear has turned back the clock on human progress."

He tells of the efforts of the Nationalist Party government of Johannes Strildom to put into op- eration its policy of apartheid- separateness -- whereby 2,643,000 whites will be able to preserve their complete control over the rich nation although out- numbered more than 3 to I by the 5,535,000 blacks-known as Bantu. SUPPORT APARTHEID

”On the principle of apartheid." he writes. "has been erected a pattern of new laws far more re- strictive than ever before in the state's history."

Even the remainder of South

Africa's population-1.103.000 per- "I

sons of mixed blood (known as colnredsl and 367.000 As I a t l c s (mostly Indians!-is relegated to the Dosltion of second-class citi- zr-ns although the program doesn't deal nearly as harshly with the as with the Bantu.

The apnrtheid program is largely supported hypthe Afrikand- ers-originaliy Dutchii settlers and formerly known as Boers - al- though most of the white popula- tion of South Africa supports ra- clol segretation to some degree.

The Afrikanders farmer. Mac- Taggart says. feels particularly strongly about keeping the white and non-white races separate and many still base their attitude on the contention that the 0ld4Testa- ment says bl cks and whites are not equal-that the sons of Ham were the servants of the elect. COURTS CIRCUMVENTED

Fear as a motivating force in the drive toward apartheid is found among different sections of the white population. Many rich persons fear their status might be

IOITIC.

threatened if the Bantu were per- mitted increasing freedom. Afri- kandera farmers fear the cost of using black workers might rise with the growth of Bantu pros- perity. And most fear they would lose their identity through assim- ilation lf opportunities for political and economic :.velopment were equal for all races. .

The Strljdom government has made changes in the laws to re- strict the activities of the Bantu. although it had to take a number of steps to circumvent court de- cisions which ruled laws invalid.

The Bantu'now is restricted to

ertain areas and must carry xiassbooks while moving about. He is told what his racial status is and the onus is on him to prove otherwise, for example, that he is a colored and not a Bantu. He can be summarily banished with- out trial to another locality, He can be dispossessed by the state and moved elsewhere. and can appeal to the courts only after the action against him has been com- pleted.

Many Bantu who were born and grew up in the slum areas sur- rounding the major cities face the prospect of being shipped off to one of the 160 Bantu reserves. al- though the life there is alien to

em

CLAUSE nnwtbvsn

The problem of race relations has been an issue for more than a century, stirred up originally by Afrikanders' objections to British attempts to give the native popu- lation a measure of equality.

Daniel Malan first offered the program of apartheid in I948 and was elected prime minister. suc- ceeding Jan C h ri st I a n Smuts. However. implementation of the program did not begin until Strij- dom took over the Nationalist Party leadership and was elected in 1953.

When the Union of South Africa came into being. Britain was successful in placing in the con- stitution an entrenched c l a u s e guaranteeing equality of all citi- sens. The constitution could not be changed without approval of two- thlrds of the Assembly and Sen-

ate meeting together.

Balk-.d by a majority that was not big enough for the task, Strij- dom finally increased the Senate to R9 members from 48 and sun-

eeeded in eliminating he an- trenched clause. POST-WAR CRISIS

He went ahead with his plan to return the Bantu to the reserves. saying the Bantu would yadualiy be granted greater opportunity there to administer their own af- fairs but would never be allowed to integrate in any way with whites and would never have a vote.

MacTaggart says the problem of race relations reached a crisis in South Africa after the Second World War. During the war. in- dustry had boomed and black!- untll then mainly house and farm workers-were needed in industry. They took most of the non-skilled and semi-skilled Jobs.

When the war ended. there were huge black populations in squalid shack areas around major cities and towns. They expected some political and economic rec- ognition. White refusal to grant this became a political issue which gave birth to apartheid. OPPOSITION UNCERTAIN

,Stri,ldom says he is proceeding with the program while opponents maintain he is merely using it to rob non-white races of freedom and eventual self-determination. But they have offered no alterna- tive. MacTaggart says. and are unable to agree on how a gradual program of economic integration should be carried'out. '

The position of the Dutch 'R2- form Church, with 14.9 per cent of the population as its member- ship. is that Chiristian unity can- not be enforced.

A church report said It "can by no means associate itself unreser- vedly with the general cry for equality and unity in the world today, as the motives and aims in this connecion can certainly not always be regarded as purely Christian."

Of the church's position. Mac- Taggart says: "They earnestly and sincerely believe that their church is working towards he es- tablishment of Christ's Church on earth . . but it must not permit chrlsianity to be used as a basis for establishing a unity of people which would not be in Christ's faith, inasmuch as 32 per cent of the people of this country are still Bantu heathens. believing in Bantu witchcraft." m

PLANET LIFE Some scientists believe chang ing colors on the surface of Mars

indicate some form of vegetation exists on the planet.

Thurs-I. July 12 1955

The Guardian Page 13

RUHAMAH SCHEINFI-ZLD FRANK

WE AND OUR NEIGHBORS

OUR FRIEND, THE DOG

"Look. do you remember Spots. the mangy old dog we brought home the summer Aunt Bess stay- ed with us? Dad warned us to keep the creature out of sight when Aunt was around--she didn't like animals. he said. What an ex- pression on his face when he -caught her feeding the dog--and petting it too!”

With laughter, with hack-slap- plng just such tales figure in many an Island reunion. Dog pets are links in the shared past when life was young. The adventures. the scrapes. the good times and sad ones were often experienced in the company of some beloved dog.

Dogs and children are of course anatural combination. Not the

sat attraction of life at the beach in summer IS the day-long view it affords of children and dogs playing together. if only the young ones could absorb the patience. the tolerance. of their pets! Nor as you know, do men and women outgrow their affec- tion for dogs. in the country. keep- ing one is seldom a problem, but in large cities inf eveh towns like ours) it can he a source of worry and inconvenience. There are men and women in large cities who actually spend the summer in hot apartments rather than trust their pets to paid care-takers.

Aside from any practical pur- pose a dog may serve (watch-dog etc.) what is the secret of his hold on our affections? Is it his un- questioning acceptance of us 1' Or perhaps his complete dependence on us?

To me there is something ir- resistible in the little bursts of affection shown by our small ter- rier. Tips, at unexpected moments. And the way he bounds over and through the tall grass toward me, ears flapping. short legs moving with incredible speed and precis- ion is both flattering and a de- light to the eyes.

It is only this last week that Tips has regained most of his nat- ural joyousncss and self-confi- denco. When I last wrote of him,

he had found friends on the farm across the way and came home only to snatch a bite---and to sleep -often not until after midnight. "Better keep him home.” I was warned," there. are some bad- tempercd big dogs that have been hanging around."

Keep him home! Was I to tie up the little creature--shut him up in the house? Or trust to his good sense to keep away from serious danger? Right or wrong. I let him run and one day he came home, battle scarred! For a week he was a pitiful little dog. Worse than his physical hurts was the dam- age to his self-confidence. his friendliness to every dog, large or small.

He "regressed"--he went back to his puppy ways. He wimpered when I put him out of doors and clawed at the screen door. He never ventured forth alone. And Tips who had disdained milk for months. lapped it up eagerly!

Of course the little creature got extra petting and special tid-bits. He was even allowed to eat his bone in the kitchen instead of out- doors! Was he spotted? I can only report that little by little he left the protection of the front porch or back porch. He no long- er sits in a pathetic little huddle on the door step. He again re- fuses to drink milk! But on our walks, it does seem as if his nat- ural friendliness is tempered with caution when a large dog comes in sight. It only he didn't run in front of cars! Is there any reme- dy? There are limits to "Permis- siveness!

DIE! IN HOSPITAL

BRANTFORD. Ont. (CF) -- An- drew Eaton, 7. who suffered I split tongue Monday night when

struck by an automobile. died two hours later on a hospital operat-

ing table. He had received a gen- eral anaesthetic and his tongue was being sewn by Dr. A. E. Wil- liamson of Port Dover when he died. There was no decision ra- garding an inquest.

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