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THE GUARDIAN

pnugencvqwoab-In)mcuIaJaIl.IIPIuoeIuoot.Cbar Kiwi. .l.l-.by'l'be Couipaoyumited.

-ooun ti-inn Ilwul nine in. lie on” Editor, Full Walker Iooanl Inner. In A. Iunutt lulu olfloes as Iununenido. Ilaaiagua and Aloerloa. Anthon- ioodaoiooeoddanllallbytoefodouioe Depanuasai. Ottawa.

Oauianuarlouoiovmluianu-nooI1n.oIpuanaum.:lao 3-ohP.l.l.t0.o0. 0t.barProviououdU.l.A.Ilx.nv poranliun.

"Tho shooxut liquor: in weeks than the washout Ink"

MONDAY, JAN. I0, 1905

The New Congress

Canadians, who are used to seeing one political party or another in a dominant position in both government and parlia- ment, find it a little difficult to understand how any administration can carry out its responsibilities with any degree of effect- iveness when it has to deal with a legis- lature that is controlled by the ”opposi- tion." Americans, on the other hand, are so accustomed to this seemingly ambiguous situation that they pay little attention to it. At the present time President Eisen- hower is facing such a situation-as most other Presidents have done before him- and there is nothing to indicate that he isl losing any sleep over it. On the contrary, strange as it may seem, he may be looking forward to a little more co-operation from the 84th Congress, controlled by the Demo- trats, than came his way from the 83rd, which was controlled by his own party. 3

It is much too early to predict the! course of events with any reasonable ac- curacy. The naming of Committees--which wield tremendous influence in the American legislative system - has barely begun; and it is a long drawn-out process. Moreover, no legislative body in the world goes through as many preliminary formalities as does the United States Congress. So, what with one thing and another, it will be two or three weeks, perhaps longer, before the actual working program gets under way in earnest. About all that is known at present is that the chairman of. each Committee will be a Democrat; and that,

like to see it regain its original etymologi- cal meaning-that of forward-looking (as an adjective) and of one who advocates progress (as a noun). The most powerful voice now being raised in this important campaign is that of President Eisenhower. In a recent press conference he said that he himself is, a "Progressive" because he

ment and the people. intimated, in all democratically-based politi- cal parties for both liberalism and con- servatism; he likes to think of the com- bination as "Progressive Moderates." too much of names and labels. All free world citizens have allowed the Com- munists-who are retrogressive rather than progressive in their disregard of funda- mental; human rights-to lay claim .to a word which does not belong to them. If Mr. Eisenhower can do anything td cor- rect the situation he will have lengthened the long list of services he has rendered to free men.

Farm Cash Income

estimated by Agriculture Minister Gardiner at 16.9 billion pounds,.about half-a-billion pounds greater than.in 1953. The rise has occurred mainly because the number of milk cows continued to increase through the fall

believesin forward-looking and liberal poli- cies in the relations between the govern- at There is room. he ,

There is no doubt that most of us make u the ; same it is a pity that, quite unwittingly,

Milk production in Canada for 1954 is:

of 1953 and the spring of 1954. The pat-

43 per cent of total milk production and the

just about 30 per cent of production for several years. Cheese production in the first nine months of the year was ten per cent higher than in 19.33. Per capita domestic consumption was higher in the first part of

care of population increase.

Writing in the Montreal Gazette's year- end Commercial Review and Forecast, Mr. Gardiner points out that the livestock in-

on a strictly partisan basis, the Democrats will say what's what in the way of legis- lation, though in the Senate they haven't much to come and go on. But it isn't quite as simple as that. There are Democrats who are more conservative than most Re- publicans. and Republicans who are more liberal than most Democrats. vlndeed, an uninitiated observer would be hard put to say which is which on many an occasion. It is clear, however, that Democrats in general-except, of course, the ultra-con- servative Southerners-have more sym- pathy with President Eisenhower's ”middle of the road" concept of politics and econ- omics than have most Republicans; a fact which, it may be assumed, will not make things any harder-it may even make them a bit easier-for administration policies in domestic affairs. In foreign affairs it seems likely that support of the administration by the Democratic majority will offset, to some extent, the strong criticism the Presi- dent has had to take from Senator Know- land and his right-wing colleagues. Perhaps the one disconcerting note, discernible at the moment. is that a Presidential election will be coming up in less than two years- and two Congresses-from now. Obvious- ly. if the Democrats agree with the Presi- dent too often and too readily, they are go- ing to be A little short of campaign ma- terial when the big event comes round. At any rate, Canadians will watch with inter- est and concern the doings of the 84th Congress; for. the United States position in world affairs being what it is, what goes on on Capitol Hill is important to us all.

Stolen Properly

Strange how a perfectly respectable word finds itself, by a series of apparently unconnected events, in bad company. "Pro- gressive" is one such word. Politically, it is used almost everywhere nowadaysas in- dicating extremely raldical beliefs. The one notable exception is the Progressive Con- servative Party in this country; even here it is the second half of the double name that saves the first half from calumnyu

Perhaps the trouble started in the Uni- ted States in 1948 when the American Communists and their sympathizers spon- sored Henry Wallace .as a "Progressive Party" candidate for the Presidency. This was a clear case of stolen property. since the original Progressives pf 1912-Theo- dore Roosevelt was one-constituted simply a moderately liberal wing of the Republican Party. However, once the Communists had taken over the name they were evidently determined to make good use of it; for, dur- ing the Korean War, the few allied soldiers who succumbed to Communist indoctrina- don, while prisoners of the Chinese Reds, were promptly labelled "Progressives"; first by their captorl and then, oddly enough, by those prlliiiuu who had remained steadfast

IIHIIIEL, .

. M,lwLIIIIIithlthcflI'ilVe beenaigna

iliathbotiil Iran and conservatives in both detoodwotdandwoiild

l'

L dustry over the last three years has repre- ;sented about 40 per cent annually of the jsales of all farm products and sales have Ireacted to the buoyant domestic market. An outstanding feature of livestock market- ings has been the substantial increase in the domestic disappearance of beef. Dur- ;ing the livestock marketing year which lended September 30, Canadians consumed 811 million pounds. This is an increase of 128 million pounds over the preceding itwelve months and is the equivalent of about 280 thousand head of cattle. Be- cause the price of beef was favorable, pork Iconsumption fell about nine per cent. but , as retail prices of pork began to decline in the late summer domestic consumption of Ithis meat. began to increase. I Wheat is likely to account for most of I the decline in the total farm cash income during 1954, although there are also sub- stantial reductions in returns from barley, rye, corn and potatoes. In contrast to receipts from field crops, returns from the sale of livestock and livestock products in- dicate gains for the full year. Returns for all these commodities during the first six months of 1954 were higher than for the similar period a year ago.

EDITORIAL NOTES

This date. i840, marks the anniversary of the establishment of penny postage in Great Britain. As far back as 1680, how- ever, a London merchant, William Dock- wra. brought the system into short-lived existence, charging one penny for delivery of all packets up to 1 pound weight. The area covered by the service extended from Hackney to Lambeth, and from Blackwall to Westminster. "

The number 9 may not have any mystical quality about it; but it certainly has curi- ous properties, as is shown in the follow- ing particulars: Any number multiplied by 9 produces a sum of figures which, added together, continually makes 9. For ex- ample. all the first multiples-18. 27,36, 45, 54, 63. 72, 81--add up 9 each. Each of these, multiplied by any number what- ever, produces a similar result; 8 times 81 are 648, these, added together, make 18, 1 and 8 are 9. Multiply 648 by itself; the product is 419,904. The sum of these digits is 27. The rule never varies.

I O O

A new physical description of the uni- verse was presented at the recent anndal meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. A study of the Hydra Cluster of galaxies-represent ing the'outer-moat edge of the visible uni- verse-suggesta that the universe is three times as old as previously believed (up to six billion years) and it is three times as big if the distance from earth to Hydra is taken as an indication of size. It appears. too, that the material univei-sells expand- ing in Ill directions at a constant rate as a balloon would expand if it were inflated by

tern of milk utilization changed little dur- A ing the year. Butter has absorbed about

use of fluid milk has remained constant at,

AIMINGTO GET IT INWHANDARLY i

PUBLIC FORUM

rhla eolumu II opal to tho lineu-

Ie unrlly under .-. uoondeota. .

OUR CAR. FERRY SERVICE

Sir,-Some three years ago in your colulnn. your publication was

,klnd enough to reprint a letter

the year and rose three per cent to takeilfom the Writer In resard 10

the urgency of seeking a replacement for the now obsolete ferry known as the S. S. Prince Edwald Island, serving between Port Borden and Cape Tormentine.

To the best of my knowledge. nothing has been done by any per- son or persons in authority to- wards atialning this goal-and an- other Vnree years has gone by!

While I do not profess to be any authorlty on marine equipment, it would seem perfectly obvious that a piece of machinery-nearly forty years old that has served so well and so faithfully. must surely be nearing the end of it's days of usefulness. Any machine, whether it be a farm tractor. a mechanized fishing craft, or,an automobile. quickly depreciates beyond normal and modern. value no matter how well built it was in it's original form-and the S. S. Prince Edward Island is no exception. - The people of Prince Edward Island are exceedingly grateful for the comfortable and reliable serv- ice being provided by the M. V. "Abegweit"; but they are also greatly concerned with the future tralisportatlon problems that will arise as trafiicincreascs in volume. and it is extremely doubtful if ad- equate service can be given by a boat that has long outlived its purpose, such as the S. 8. "Prince Edward Island".

It is also very doubtful if the people of Prince Edward Island would request that a replacement

boat of such a luxurious type as

seem a sensible thlllg if a new boat of much less pretenti-uaness were put. into service. It is fe that original construction costs could be greatly reduced. and that operating and maintenance costs could also be pared. if a boat could be designed that would eliminate many of the expensive furnishings now evident in the M. V. "Aber welt". However. as mentioned above. some three years have passed with no concrete action as yet. being taken. as far as we know. New ice-breaking fen-lax cannot be pur- chased over the counter like groc- eries. and much thpught and planning has to be done even be- fore actual construction commen- ces. In fact. it is very likely that it would take at least one year from this date before the neces- sary funds could be appropriated by the governmental departments involved. We would presume that approximately another year would pass before the final designs and been made and approved, and in all probability it would take two more years before the craft were launched. This would mean that even if prompt action were taken. It will be almost 1060 before we could hope to see a replacement for the 8.5. "Prince Edward Ia- land"l

It is not difficult to visualiae what would happen to the econ- omic. business and social life of Prince Idward Island residents if

fAe;acfT' l7&-vim

The children scatter afur school.

Bright as birds in Yellow, red.

In green and blue. They cry like birdl.

Flying home for skates and sleds.

GI hill and pond they oongregsto. Chasm like merry ciiickadou

In the lemon-colored Whiter dunk. Gay in the lane and launch trees.

when the nut Its: like a golden thistle , spikes the east, the children fly

volcu , llowntlilaaodlwutlorouihe

a steadily increasing volume of pressure

--Frances Frost In the New York

of the old yen-y be mad; with njlndiried and convicted under pro-

the M. v. "Abegweit". and it wouldl”'"I"d M b-rbarlc-"

Lilo-email bl:-do mm to non, um; I

I

More Investigations

By Ilaeth Maoquari-la

' Senator McCarthy is not the Ionly American legislator who

makes the headlines in the exer-

rise of Congressional investigative

functions. Chairman J. Carroll lm-ere of the House of Represent- Iatiyes committee investigating lleading philanthropic foundations is the latest figure to command public attention for his "fact-flnd- ing" activities.

The Reece Committee has been scrutinizing the operation of the giant tax-exempt organizations like the Rockefeller Foundation. the Ford Foundation and Carnegie Endowment. whlbh. according to the committee majority, have be- come so rich as to constitute a force in society second only to the government itself. Along with condemnation of the development of interlocking directorate: and far-reaching control over pres. radio and government the Ree e supporters on the committee, de- nounced the foundations for un- American activities. They were described as promoters of social-

ist and collectivist ideas and were criticized for their global point of view. ' 0 0 I Not unnaturally the accused

corporations were geneoally quick to deny the allegations of Mr. Reece and his Republican collea- gue on the committee and they found strong defenders in the Democratic minority. The two rep- reseniatlves from that party filed A minority report which charged that Reece had been unfair in de- nying the foundations the right to

testify and in permitting them only to submit wnitten state- merits.

In the words of their minority report. "the foundations have been

I cedures

which can only be char- A repub- lican member of the committee

says his name was put to the

1; majority report without his knowl-

edge. it is therefore likely that Chairman Reece will not be sub- mlttlng the opinion of the major- Ity of the committee. in any case there, is little prospect of the Democrat-controlled House of Rep- resentatives adopting his recom- mendations on the investigated foundations. Two years ago the organizations were thoroughly in- vesilgaterl by a committee, ap- pointed by the Democratic house and the foundations policies and objectives were upheld. 0 O 0

Many educational. and medical institutions ln- Canada benefit from these great organization:

now under the Congressional scru- tiny and many individual scholars in the rountry have reason to thank them for valued assistance.

we suddenly wake up some morn- ing during the next. three or four summers and find that due to lack of foreaiglit and action, there in only and boat plying between Port Borden and Cape Tormentine. To ask the M.V "Abagweit.” to carry on this service alone would be plac- lng a terrific strain over and above its normal t lv d requirements. and it is reasonable to assume that it would only be a math! of time before that ship would also be laid up for a major repair job.

We respectfully hope that the proper authorities in Ottalvs will take our warnings and requests as reasonable. and will oivo them seriously and with a of great urtoncy for prompt. action.

It is suggested that all persons or - ' Nona who are-oonnem- ed with this very evident dancer now being fao6d.. should wioe their e a publicly. either through the courtesy of i- atheir local Board of ade,or at: aa- eral repnIUnt.ai.lvg.. It II through concerted snort that we can hopq to achieve -the adequate transportation which is rightfully

ours. - 1 an. lit. eta.

, P. w. cuime. Charlottetown.

......

Ir 9

There will therefore be wide- spread satisfaction if, as is expect- ed. the Reece charges fall to the ground.

But there is still cause for con- cern beyond the particular quea- tlon at issue. The constant ham- mering away at diversity of opin- ion is not conducive to the growth of a healthy democracy or intel- lectual vigor. The treatment met- ed out to people like John Paton Davies, Owen Lattimores and Dr.

Oppenheimer make one ' fearful that national security consider- ation: might. in the hands of

over-zealous protectors. crowd oilt important and vital righis of in- dlvidual freedom. To see the phil- anthroplc foundations denounced for holding global views is dis- quieting indeed. for even national- ism can be carried to excess.

Royal Navy Button

tE.C.R. in The Crowsnest)

When the 1815-built British naval schooner Tecumseh was raised a year ago at Penetang. Ontario. there was found amongst the round-shot in her bilge one naval officer's coat button. It is a flat copper button with the crown over the anchor set in a rope-trimmed oval having a background of azure or horizontal lines. The outer cir- cumference is circular. According to Professor Michael Lewis of the Royal Naval College. Greenwich, this button was brought into use in 1812 and was worn by captains.

commanders. lieutenants a n d masters of the Royal Navy. Just over two centuries ago

the officers of the Royal Navy wore a uniform for the first time fl'l4li.t The coat buttons at that time were not flat but were more highly ”domed' 'than they are now. The insignia on the button includi ed nn anchor or crown, but A stylized Tudor rose. Lieutenants were still wearing this button in 1787 when the plain flat butt-an bearing a foul anchor appeared. The crown was first disp yed on naval buttons in 1812 an this is the button found in HM Schooner Tecumseh. It is now reposinil safely in the Marltimes Museum of Canada at Halifax.

Some 20 years before the Tecumseh and Newash were built on the Niagara. "an early tourist named Isaac Weld Jr. travelled through' parts of. Upper Canada and made some interesting ob- servations. In i796. he made a rec- ord of his viuuo to Niagara and Kingston and mentions at some length his impressions of marine activities "on Lake Qntarlo in general and of HM Provincial Marine. in particular. This was the Canadian Naval force that ex- isted on the lakes from soon af- ter the conquest of Canada up to and during the war of 1812.

Speaking of the officers of the Provincial Marthe. Weld states that "their uniform is blue and. white, with large yellow buttons. stamped with the figure of I beav- er. over which is inscribed the word 'Canadai'

Pndoubtediy. this statement de- scribe: the first Canadian naval button. It may be thathuch a but-

r..I Quality Mlldiius Value;

Page 4 The Guard'-n

NOTES BY

There aren't too'niauy people. except perhaps the youngat.erI.wbo

' like to see the arrival of wing:-. 0

But there to pause for

snow we shovel and the heavy clothing we wear during this per- iod of the you-'in that our famil- ies remain closer to us than at any other it e'of the year. Without the wint lmonthi. some families would become almost all-angors'rt.o each other. -Dutton Advance.

Thus we an learning once agall the lesson that a prosperous agric- ulture means a prosperous Canada. in spite of the extent to which the nation has become i of ' lized. It. is axiomatic that when our farmers have lpss money-io spend. there is less money available to be distributed in wages to those who depend on industry and business for a livelihood.-Oshawa Times- Cvazette. f '

Suburbaniiau can't expect to have it both ways. These people went to the suburbs to escape Cal- gary's tax rate and building re- strictions. and now they want Cal- gary to reach out and take them in and make up the deficiencies in their services. Calgary can't afford that.--Calgary Albertan.

On the other bond the modern child is too reluctant to exert him- self. If the little troublemakerahad to walk ghree miles to school and back every day. Derhaps they wouldn't. feel like cutting up at night. The modern child is defi- antly apoiled in that respect. But perhaps he shouldn't be blamed. If his dad can't go three blocks to

- the barber shop without getting

out the family car. why should the child be expected to walk three miles to school?-Calgary Alber- tan.

It in an unfortunate port of human nature to attach labels to people. The attaching of them is a. form of laziness. If you can tag somebody as good or bad. afnart or stupid. energetic or lazy. you don't. have to think any more about him. or try to understand him. or bother to figure out why he acts as he does. The label: are hardly ever rehlly fair. for no hu- man being. even the moat atug-id. is simple enough to be summed up in one word. But. unfair or not, the labelling happens to every one. and it is something that everybody has to reckon with in his behav- iour. - Hamilton "Spectator.

Lochmaben. a Dunifriashire burgh, has a curiosity-a tomb- stone in its old churchyard mark- ing a grave in which no one was interred. A remarkable story is told locally of that memorial. In 1801 the Emperor Paul I of Russia was assassinated while voicing un- friendly feelings towards Britain. Among those suspected of being in the assassination plot was a Scot, Dr. James Mouncey. of Lochma- ben. The doctor managed to es- cape from Russia and made his way home. But even in Lochmaben he felt in danger of being tracked down by ruthless Slavs. Eventually, with the connivance of friends. he had a false report on his

ton repose: in the collection of some historical society. Anyone knowing of the existence of such a button or of any illustration of the uniforms: worn by the Pro- vincial Marine ls invited to advise the Naval Historian at ' Naval Headquarters.

-

THE 'WAY

"death" published and was sc3:.. n. T

ly "lnt.eri-ed" at a mock li.ne..il .1. the local churchyald. After lllf obsequiee he moved to iIUU...L'l part. of the country and lmu without fear of molestation llll'.Irl' an assumed name.-'MdnCIle5tcr Guardian. I

The puzzle why some deposnun forget about their bank accounts is matched by the 5.500 CEl1iidl.'ill veterans of World war II mm have neglected to collect their war service gratuities. And the paymem deadline was reached at the year. end. A substantial total is involv. ed. for some of the gratuities lun as high as 3100. No one will vram to sea a deserving veteran lose ll, gratuity to which he's entmed Probably a way can be found in authorise paymentlat any futme time a claim is established. we don't think we're alone in choos. his to regard the deadline as 3 technicality. -Windsor Star,

Britain's exports of woollen worsted: and serge: are her big. geat. individual earners of: dollars. Were those eaminga to be re. duced by an increase in duties which would curtail sales. rm.- would inevitably result in further curtailment of Canadian farm ex- ports to Britain. a further reduc- tion in farm incomes and a fur. ther reduction of employment in industries dependent upon agrl. culture. The agricultural indui. try has had handicaps enough in the last eight years in attempting to serve its most important ovel. seas market without adding to them to protect the minor textile in- dUBtd'Y- -Regina Leader-Post,

Certain industries character of tnatural monopg. her; that is. physical and tech. nical limitations exist which would make competition either impossible or extremely wasteful. In some of these there is considerable advant- age in having a. single organm- tion provide the service; water and the telephone are perhaps the clear- est. examples. In others, it. may be desirable to have two or more large firms competing; mg mp. roads belong to this second catn- K0fY- -Winnipeg Free Press.

have the

The pioneer women built up the communities of Ontario Just as they built up the solidarity of Aberta and their work was heavy an ac- oomplished only under tiu mom. uncomfortable conditions and with the most primitive equipment. Yet in all the records of pioneer life that can be examined. the letters that have been written and the booklets that have been printed. there exists no word of complaint from these courageous women with- out whom the land would never have been brought into perman- ent settlement. -settler Independ- ent.

Manitoba oil industry bu not been of the gusher type so far but since the first commercial dis- covery of oil a few years ago has shown steady, solid growth. At the and of September there were 204 producing wells in the south- western part of the province and the average monthly production for the first nine months of the year reached 160,000 barrels. Conserva- tive eatlmates place the current year's production at more than two-million barrels-more than three times as great as in 1963.

-Winnipeg Tribune.

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