NOVEMBER 19, 1949

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tQeoqu/ss@eo@ot<Qoo<sa>o

i muzwsv

By Agricola o-Qoo%oo<e>o

Tpdtlll the Historian (5)

n was the testing time for the. christisns. The Jows were charg-i Id with harboring a sullen avers-i ‘on w all mankind, and the dis-l ttnction between them and the Christians not being understuodj n. the Roman People, all were; dg5piStfl. and hated, as Tacitus‘ tells 11-5. i,

Nero lent his own gardens for! m gQnVDlliCHCf‘ of the sjiestztttuml q‘. ynpltiyitlg {also witncs ." ital {non had s sufficiency of vitttms some “v.11; sown up in animal‘ skins, and worried to death by, riogl. Others were railed to cross-; es and numbers were burnt alive.) Mam, pert‘. covered over with in-, flammable matter and tied to‘ posts to to lighted up, when the: d,“ declined, t» serve as tort-hes‘ (luring the ni. it. Juvenalis, ; Satirist and historian, all Ides to these barbarians crackles uith‘. indignation, Tlmtus thinks that the manners of the Christians had it pQIIIWlOtIS tendency. and that, their ("t-Luvs called for the hand.

Qgjuwtic», “hut it was ‘evident, hat tiny fcll u S;\i'l‘ll.f(‘. m‘. o‘: the pllltllr‘ good, but to glut the‘ page and cruelty of one cnan only." Both Sf. Paul ~ and St. ‘etcr suiiorezl tiratn in 1.1-.‘

murss of this savzrte perwcutitm,

"Like master. like man." was rulv too well exemplified in Nero's reign. The Goicrticr of Roman Britain secrurzed B0ad-. IresJQur-en of the L-cnii, ill-i treated her two tiauuhtcrs, andi seized the royal trcasurg: . Thci ensuing wnr t-ost the llvos of‘ 70.0111 Romans anti 81.000 Britons.‘ Eoadicea took hor own life by‘ poison, after being defeated. A. D. 01

Elsewhere there were general! risings of the lirzlons themselves, The Roman Ftupire had rrovlti tot such an extent that there were‘ not sufficient \R.oman troops to] “police” it, It was rtcvessary to hire troops from Dacia, Fannom, la and other reziotis not exclud- ing Britain; and, under the Em- perors of the pnsent epoch. it; was very rarely Lhat. ih: legions} received their pay when duc. The‘ local officals, not the offtersfl skimmed the best from the nrmyi ray-chest, long before it reached‘ the camp. As the arrears incrcns-l ‘d. tho S0lfl1f‘i‘."- qui out of b11131‘ toms murdered their officers.’ uhile others cleeted their cOm-i tuander “Emperor and command- eri hint to march on Home. There was a flood d"ai o! lllhtllli; be- tween adjacent "E-nperors," but. in the and pence was restored by payment of the arrears.

Nero was now rebuilding Rome: on s new plan, with wider streets‘ and handsome builriincs. At the: same time he carried 0'1 his lic- eutintts contiuct, debauchery: and‘ rspacity, to most extraordinary! lengths. In ihcso latter years of his iifo he excited surh horror lad dislike, that for centuries af-l tcr his death th‘ npucarzinct- oft tome great criminal tvns‘ hailed; is a rc-incarnation of Nero!

After s reign of nltncst years Nero was driven from the. throne by his own pcorb whoj would have murdered h'm for his‘ abominable life; h“ forgsttilicd‘ them by stabbing himsel‘ in the‘ throat with fatal results, I68 ADJ

Tacitus, as we have seen, ihfiilkht of Christianity ns a "per nit-ions rciiclon.‘ 111s friend. P11"? the Ynuntzcr, a distin- cuished author and orator. was ronrnandczi by the Emperor Troj-, "ii ‘ADM - 117) to rnnltc an! inquiry mu. the rclillnll and “ll-Will! 0f the Citristiatis, and “A! vivcn permission in put two. "f tho sect to th~ tottirc in or- ti" to com» at; the truth of the} platter The sum total of thciri zutit." “as found tn be. "They. met on a stated dav before iti “m light, and address-oi ihernq Selves in a lrvmn rr rrayer to their god Christ. binding them-‘ 591V“ ‘by a solrmn oath not fer, Ml" ‘liclivfi TYYrposc, h-'t nevrr to; votntntt trawl, th~ft._ or aduitcryP SEW‘ to fai ify thoir word. nor Pill‘: Pi trust» rt-vosvd in them." {hflb wrote tint h: ind fcrmdof

cr assent-Hum. an order they mmblit-d with. Ho had put twn Qctmales to the tuzurc, but could

scoier nrthiu: nor: than "a. llgfiifd and cxccxsivr- surcrstit-

n- “Olen, -___

u]

i

We

chines available at the old

Thi this price.

sign Price (lot. i

Bet tho best, [tot a Ficury

Company

n answer, said thatl fifth century

Manure Spreaders

have just unloaded a carload of Fleury Bissell MANURE SPREADERS. Although half the carload M been placed thero is still a number of these ma-

8 Horse Hitch Steel Wh is . . . $286.00 2 "Horse Hitch 2:1 Steel Wilde-ls . .263.75 s will be your last chance to got a Spreader at

Wc also have a number of two wheel tractor do- ‘Sprcaticrs on Rubber Tires, available at moderate

n under tho wire, 110i. tho low price Sprefldfll’. B

The Hall Mtg. and" Cold Storage

sumnuzsmu - cusxrorrsrmwn omssnv ramparts co-on-o-Lnsnv

NOTES - of’

if any Christians were brought before the Governor ‘ (Plinius) they were to be punished unless they worshipped the old Roman gods: but. ‘he ends “I would not have you too officious in your enquiries into this matter.” _.

THE BALTKHWORE ORIOLE

Bain, in his Birds of P. E. Is- land (1801) devotes a single sen- tence io the Oriole: "This flashy lug beauty of bird-lie is said tof have been seen at Cascrmpeque.i though we ourselves have not7 observed it" On the strength oft this observation the bird was in-l eluded in the 1916 Bulletin. i

It is tolerabiy well known in New Brunswick, as a. surrmel resident. It is a bird of the hall-i wood groves, feeding on the cat-y erpiliars and moths of the leaf“ eating tribes. Hence it is a veryi important auxiliary of the for-l ester. I

Baltimore Oriole, Golden Rob-f in, Firebirci, AOU . Adjlt, Male-z, Head, neck, throat, and back,‘ lllack; breast, belly, lower back and lesser wing-coverts, rich red- dish orange; wings black, the outer margin o! the greater cov- crts and quill: edged with white; end half of middle tail feathers black. base orange; all other tail

{outliers orange, crossed by u. black band in the middle. Adilt l-‘emaic: upper parts grayish l orange, brighter on the rum-p! head anti back mottled with black; wings grayish brown,

greater and middle coverts tipped with white (wing bars); tail like

the rump, but middle feathers stained with black; under-parts dull cramp. Length of adults

about 7.5 inches. For the singular construction of this Oriolc's nest, ‘ see Reed's "Bird Guide." ._ TOBACCO-GROWING _ IIERE

I was interested in the Guard-l, itnfs short acount of the CXDEfl-i lncnts in tobacco-growing on the] Island some years ago. I can re-i call the stir they made and the disappointment that. afterwards» ensued. I had already tried to.’ grow plants of the variety called, "Barley," and focund than quite, suitable as far as growth was con-| cerned. The ‘catch was in the

i

“ripenin_z" of th: leaf. I

TRIED

when the growing leaf was in proper condition, it exhibited glossy golden sheen round the margin. At .this stage it wast plucked from the plant and strungi up in the machine shed, to mat-| ure. when fully matured the] leaf was altogether of these yel-i low or orange tints so familiar! in the advertisements, But morei than one-half of all the leaves} never ripened-our cool (or coldi whether catno along to soon. If‘ these green leaves were strung up they dried green, and no more value than driczi cabbage leaves. 'I'his discouraged the growers. i

The leaves in the shed had developed the nicotine, but where, was the flavor? Was it n. further‘ development or did it owe its‘, existence to what was known asi "sauce?" I wrote to several Agri- cultural Departments. to find out: but very naturally they rc- rcfcrrcd me to the manufactur- crsi

I thought I was up against s. dead and, when unexpectedly I. received a lettrr from a strangerz] "I hear you are having trouhiei with your cured tobacco. Try. this. Procure a _.,canister with, a tight lid and fill it solidly with} the leaf well pressed down. thei tighter the hotter, Put on ihc l1d,: and stand the canister at thej back of your stove warming- closet for a fortnight or thrce; weeks." Well, k111i? W35 9115i’. and. successful too: the tobacco devel-‘ oped n fine ciZnr-lke scent! If| I recollect rlxhtly, the Burleyi variety was grown for makingi cigars.

At that time plu: tobacco was the favorit- with all classes, justl

a t

as cigarette: e a now. The ccm-i monest bu‘ \ 0! 1J1"? were‘- "Shamrock" l‘.-l "Master Mason‘.

nrmcs I never izeai- now. A great deal of chewing went on; a most undesirable practtc.

IRIS" BAGPlrbS The‘ bagpipes we're knowl in lrclnnri po..ibl_v as early u Ge

attractive price of :—'

sscll today.

Limited

Livestock Assn. Protects Industry

Dr. T, Childs, Canadian Veter- inury Director General, attended the 53rd Annual Meeting of the United States Livestock Sanitary Association hc"d rerentiy in Columbus, Ohio, As the name im- plies, the Association is concerned with the United States Multi-biilion dollar livestock industry. Member- ship is representative of all bran- tiles of the Industry and all States of the Union, and the Association acts as an advisory hcdy to the regulatory (fficials of the various States, and the United States llureatt 0f Animal Industry.

Activities include the formula- tion of plans and politics by which the knowledge concerning animal diseases can re applied in a prac- tical manner to control anl eradicate such diseases, and to prevent ther introduction from foreign lands. Aw these matters have n considerable hearing on the movonent of livestock in commerce between Canada and the United States, the iiltlVltlCS of the Asso- ciation are of great importance to the livestock industry of Canada.

Canada is represented in the general monbership of the Asso- ciation by the District Veterina- rians of the Health of Animals Divisionfiomitiion Department of Aeri/Iiure. and officially by Dr. Childs, Vetcrlnuryt Dircrtcr Gen-

eral, who is n member of the Executive Board and 3rd Vice- president of thc Association.

Slight iniury t. llnwatched ilrchards

Horticulturlsts from the Domin- ion Experimental station, Harrow. Ont, have found that pends. orchards worked several times in late surrrner and fail after inter- cropping are more subject to win- ter injury than those that have not been witched at all.

Severe drops in temperature are

not common to Soitthtvestern Ontario but they had one in February. 1948, when the temp-

erature dropped to minus nine degrees, Farherhzit. It was the lowest recording since 1.204. It was

fro“. that experience that the horticulturists made their dis- covpry.

The winter cf 1947-1010 follow- ed a.mlid, open fail. but was con- tinuously cold with the result that there _vvas dcen frost penetration, pnrtieuairly where the snow eo- ver was light.

In the spring very little winter injury was apparent on peaches in the district, but as the season pro- gressed the fclatze on some trees _mainly young trees, one to three years old-began to tum a. dis- tinct yellow. Closer examination showed the bark was dead about eight inches above ground to about eiuht inches below.

Altogether, 12 young peach orchards were surveyed in June of that year to find out why some orchards suffered a severe loss in trees while other young orchards were apparent]: unafferted.

It was found that o. loss exceed- ing 60 per cent of the young trees occurred whore the operators had worked the orchards several times in late summer and fail after in- tereropping. Severe injury was al- so noted wlvre the intrrsrop was dlskcd down liclfly and the area sown to rye.

Six orchards were located in which the intercrop, weeds or the cover crop, was not touthéd in the fall, Four of these orchards suffered no charactcristtc iniury at all and the iniury was only itcgligible in the other two.

Because of the mild fail, it was thought; possible that. the late cultivation delayed maturation of the trees and rrtnoved plant debris, cr trash cover, which would have held snow and provided some insuitiiioti atzafitst the continuous cold.

WINTER CARE 0F THE BROOK) SOW

tmxpcritnt-titrl Fhrms Neil's)

Although there is good-demand m; park products. the relatively high (mt (f producing market hogs still makes it netcssary to produce pigs at the least possible cost. spring litters not only produce the

from '

THE GUARDIAN.

Apple Breeding At Kentville

1h the heart of the Annapolis Valley, which has long neen noted as the source of some of the best- flavored apples of Canada. "11 M" tempt. 1.9 being mods to excel even the standards oi the past - m by the juicy, aromatic sprightliness of the Gravenstein and the rich, 801d- en goodness of the Cox Orange by producing apples fotr t-hb CB-mldla" and overseas markets which have the traditional high quality of these sorts, and combine with that hlilh flavor a coat of red to attract the eye o! the consumer. At Kcntviiles Dcminion Ezrpertmental Si-ativn located on the gentle slopes that overlook the Minus Basin and the ancient meadow farmlands once occupied by the Hench Acadians. in s spot where the mild. extended autumn season allows an apple to reach its ultimate in flavorful deli- cacy,.a breeding program to ini- tla-te new sorts of apples has been in progress for scme twenty years. Seedling apple trees, commonly re-y lie-med to us “natural fruits" are ‘present there by the thousands. {not in the form of chance seed-y iings, but from definite crosses in; which both parental varieties are known. The fruits from these seed- lings are being continually tested, and from them may come the “ap- ple of the future.‘

Though it. required at least twenty-five years and possibly as long as forty for a new apple to be- come established in popula/r flavor. Dr. Charles J. Bishop, in charge of the project, says tlmat a number of apples from the experimental plots look very promising and this year over two thousand new seedlings are bearing fruit for the first time. thus adding to the chances of find- ing Just. the right combination of characteristics.

One of these especially desirable features looked for is that cf re- sistance io disease, particularly the black spot or apple sea-b. Many of the crosses were made with this point in view, and there are a con- siderable number of seedlings which. though not immune to infection, show a high degree of scab resist- flnfifi.

With progressive experimentation. the apples whiclfin the future find= their way fmm the "Land of Evang-l eline" to your favorite market will not only still retain that iantalizw ing flavor that ntakcs you reach for

scab-free coat. of brightly shining red. kissed by the autumn sun.

FAR ltl MACHINERY

I ,! Rusty mathfnery is causing ‘ farmers serious lass in labour. repairs and mtual equigment. It requires considerable patience and time to put o. moldbcard, culti- vator shovel, seed drill or one-way disc into satisfactory condition if I the working suriaces have been. allowed to 111st for any length of‘ time. Rusty bearings, shrtftingl steel chains or slip clutches may; cause more wear in the first hour of mperation, .after. a. .:cns0n‘s storage, than will occur during the entire operatfnz season,

Rust is the reddish brown mate- rial found on iron or steel after exposure to moisture in the pre- sence of air. In order to remove , rust from any surface that is to be i polished, some o" the iron or steel has to be removed, says A. Wen- hardt, Dominion Experimental Station, Swift Current, Sask. i

Various oils and lubricating‘ materials around most farms may‘ be used for rust prevention for short periods. But utifertlnatcly most farm equipment receives no treatment of any kind.

A number of rust preventative materials have been developed for successful industrial use, and are now being made available for farm use. These materials may be applied by brushing or spraying, and when used as specified they will protect polished surfaces in- definitely. These materials are. available from the lrr-e oil ‘com-y panics, along with rccortnenda-I Lions regarding methods and rates, of application,

Every fanm equipment owner owes it to hfmse‘f to spend a little l time cleaning up his equipment and t applying some effez-tive rrst pre-. ventive. Hours of irritating work: t and possibly cxpcnsive repairs»

i may be saved when the equipment ,1 is used again at the beginning of! i a new season.

bulk of our market hogs, but also. ---—----

give tho most economic Efilns- "nd {gquirc less hhorr per litter mar- keted than fnii-farrowed pigs. To improve even more on the natural advantages cf sllflnl4llrr°wed P13“ should be constantly in the mind U; the hog producer. ‘It is with the brood sow that the start must be

t

OIIITI-I

UlXATWE

ANTACID

i made to fried, house, $51.10.

spring pigs. . Sows are bred in December and,- Junuary at the Dominion Eixperi-i tuental Station, Fredericton. N. B. to furrow spring litters early in March and April. A little extra feed at breeding time maintains the saws in good condition. and greatly sids breeding efficiency. says R. Leviok. Assistant in Ani- mal Husbandry. '

Large rough sheds or colony houses are used as winter quarters for the brood sows. Houses pro- vide shelter against wind and are well bedded for warmth. sows are encouraged to take plenty of exercise. Spreading a. feed of whole grain about the exercise yard daily, or always feeding the sows some distance sway from the house or shed, forces them to be active.

Feeding the pregnant sow is not difficult but. allowance must ‘be made for the growth of tho un- born litter. Proteins, vitamins and minerals added to a course grain ration simply the essential nu- trients. The doll} amount of feed for each sow is gradually increased as pregsncy advances. Providing good housing and feed for brood sows in winter helps the unhom spring time of to s start.

another, but will be labelled with PW

. RUST rxoorrso‘ i l i

Potatoes Useful Livestock Feed

While potatoes normally B" 110$, Brown as lfvestoc !

feed, each year there is n. con-l sides-able tonnage of small and off-grade (and surplus) potatoes that (an be disposed of yrofitahly through livestock, However, if‘. good results are to be obtained‘ care must he exercised in feed-I lng them. Potatoes stored tinder favourable conditions can be fed‘ raw to cattle and thCCp but 511mm; be sliced or pulverized before feeding to avoid any damage of (‘hiiking- F"? 11185 the potatoes should be cooked. If the potatoes have sprouted. the sprouts should be knocked oft befcre feeding as they are often poisonous to‘ livestock. Sunburned, flozen, of decayed potatoes should not b0 fed to any livestock.

Potatoes are about. a0 p01‘ cent; moisture, and low in protein and essential minerals, Frank Whiting of the Dominion Expqri-gnenga] Station, Leihhridge, Alto, rgggrts they should ize fed in conjunction with high quality feeds like leg. time hay 11nd izraln or protein mineral supplements added to the ration. Fatteniir: cattle or milk. mg cows should not be fed more than 3'0 ‘Dflunds per head daily while lambs and breeding ewes should not be fed more than two to three pounds per head daily dcnendinz urea the size of the pig. If more than these quantities are fed, severe scouring may m. suit.

Experiments were carried out at the Dominion Experimental Stat- ion. Lethbridcc, (‘tiring the p551; winter to dctcrmino the comipartu‘ tive feeding value of potafioeg! when fed to llllllklllg cows and to: fattening lambs. Groups of lambs. and milking cows that were fed potatoes in conjunction with al-l falfa hay and grain were compar- cd to similttr groups of lambs and irllkint: cows that received only‘ alfalfa hay and grain. The cowsi were fed 30 pounds o! potatoes pcr head daily while the lambs received one to two pounds per head daily. The results of these experiments showed that between four to five pounds of potatoes were equivalent to one pound of, urain. SOme off-flavours were‘ detected in tlie milk from that cows fed potatoes. even though the potatoes were fed after milk- ing. Apart from this the pota- toes proved to be a. satisfactory feed.

occasionally .

Harvesting And Storing Vegetables

The main crop of vegetables for storage have just been or ace now being harvested. These include pot- atoes, beets. cabbage, carrots and swede turnips or ruiabagas. If they are grown in heavy soil ham‘- vestiug should not be left too late. particularly for the root drops. otherwise fall rains will encourage the spread oi disease and the tubers or mots will be mud-dy and unalt- traciivc. If the soil is light and well drained, harvesting can be deferred until later as long as conditions are ideal for the crop. After harvesting they should be well dried before going into storage. Vegetables which arc not dry will host and rot when placed in storage.

For getter-sf purposes these vege- tables can be sicrcd under the same conditions, says W. Ferguson, Divis- icn of Horticulture. Central Exper- imental Farm, Ottawa. Potatom will keep best at a temperature of 38 to 4.01“. Lowe-r temperatures will cause a sweet flavor. The other vegetables mentioned should be put in slatted bins which allow plen-iy 0i’ vctttliailon. The outer loavm and roots should be removed from cab- baec. The heads can then be stored in slated bins or shelves. Beets and carrots will keep best if placed in dry sand or mixed with slightly tnoisietied sphagnum mOsS. The moss sltculd he watcrrtl lizhtiy with s sprinkler so that it feels damp to the touch butflnot wet enough to squeeze water from it It should then be mixed thinly through the roots when they are being placed in the slatted bins and a thin layetr spread on top. The moss helps greatly to reduce wilting of the

roots ltecpitig them crisp and brittc.

Other vegetables to be stored. " such as onions, squash and pump- kins, require different conditions. Onions should be kept. in slatted trays or boxes not, more than two or three layers deep with plenty of ventilation. They store best at 32 F. to 35F. under dry conditions. The bulbs should be well dried before placing in storage nnd all soft or thick-necked onion-s discarded.