9 Mai __'Beletj%-.; Pulp Silage. asubstitute

‘ the beets and ‘to improve the

~

' DRAFT nonsnssmm HAVE A PLACE ON MANY SMALL FARMS

Veterinary Service Shows I’ Big Increase

Veterinary service to the live- stock owners of the province has shown a steady increase each year. Since the commencement of the Veterinary Service Policy on J-une 5, 1951 over. sixty thous- and animals have been treated. During the last year the six prac- ticing veterinarians responded to nine thousand two hundred and thirty-three calls and treated ten thousand eight hundred and sev- cnty-six animals.

In order to perform these dut- ies it was necessary for them to drive approximately two hundred

Rapid, Treatment Needed For Bloat

Bloat is a common digestive disturbance in cattle. It is the re- ‘sult of an excessive accumula- tion of gas in the rumen. Ani- mals surffering from bloat will die in a very short time‘lf not promptly treated. I

It occurs most frequently when cattle are turned‘ on to legumin- ous pastures. Sweet clover, al- falfa, and rape are all liable to cause bloating, particularly if the pasture is wet. Thick immature stands of alfalfa are dangerous. Wilted alaflfa or clover on a hot day will often ca-use disastrous results. "

In acute cases the symptoms are well marked. It appears sud- denly and the left abdomen is greatly distended with gas. Brea- thing becomes difficult, the nos- trils are dilated, mouth open and the tongue protrudes. Moaning and grunting are often noticed. The pressure of the gas inter- feres with the function of the lungs and heart and the animal dies of suffocation. . . .

Dried beet, 911111), a by-product of sugar -refineries, is often fed as a substitute flow silage or roots. llt is a‘bulk<y feed, laxative, and low in protein. llf heavily fed it. should be moistened with three times its weight of water before feeding and molasses may be added to take the place of part of the sugar taken out of

palatability. Soaking is not es- sential if feeding only a few

Ithousanli miles. It is of interest to note the breakdown accord- ing to species as far as treat- ment is concerned' .Cattle 7653; Swine 2301; Sheep 290 and horses 632.

The six practicing Veterinar - ians: Dr. W. Freeburn located at 0’Leary; Dr. T.R. F-urness and D1‘. M.H. Clark in Kensington; Dr. H.H. Kelly and Dr.‘ A.B. Kel- ly in Charlottetown; Dr. A.E. Ings ‘Montague, render service to their clients in the respected areas.

VETS’ FEES

The service fee established un- der the Veterinary Service Pol- icy is $3.00 per call during. nor- mal working hours and $5.00 at nights, Sundays and holidays. In cases where surgery is required an established scale of fees ap- plies.

Each Veterinarian receives a subsidy from the P.E.I. Depart- ,ment of Agriculture to establish and maintain a practice. They must provide their own tronspor-- tation and operate their own bus- iness. They are in nofway Gov- ernment employees. '

In considering Veterinary 'Ser-' vice in the three Maritime Pro vinces it mustbe first _born in mind why subsidized -practices are necessary. In the province of ova Scotia there is _a si:_ ilar policy established as here in’ this province.

It differs slightly in the fact that local Boards are establish- ed and the municipality and Pro- vincial Department of Agriculture contribute equally to sulbsidy which is paid‘ to the Practicing Veterinarian. In the province of New Brunswick all the practicing Veterinarians are Civil Servants or Government employees.

They operate on salary plus mileage with offices and secre- tarial-help provided by the Pro- vincial Department. ln Prince Eid- ward Island as stated before the practicing Veterinarians are ex- terded a varying subsidy which is drawn up on animal: popula- tions social facilities tc. by the Department of Agriculture.

Theoffices and secretarial help which is maintained is provided by themselves. One of the main reasons for subsidized practice in these areas is due to the fact that in the past that private, practice has not produced sufficient net revenue to encourage practicion— ers to remain and provide ser- vice. I

Through careful planning and the establishment of the existing

policies in the three provinces the

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livestock owners have had avail- able an up to date Veterinary Service comparable to ‘a n y existing in other parts of Canadaa These services have meant the saving of many thousands of dol- larsann-ually to the livestock own- ers of the Maritime Provinces. The old slogan “Increase Pro - fits by Minimizing Disease” is as true today as it ever was before.

LABORATORY SERVICES

The Agriculture Laboratory ser- vices are extended free of change to the livestock owners of, the Province. These services can'be divided into 1. Post Mortem Ex- aminations, 2. Laboratory tests which consists of Bacteriological, Serological, Haematological, His- to—Pathological, Viral and Chem- ical examinations, 3. Consulta- tions. ,

The number, of specimens re-, ceived for Post Mortem exarnin-I atiou-s during 1957 was 1022 on a-county basis 219 from Prince, 713 from Queens and 90 from‘ Kin-gs. " ‘ Laboratory tests conducted were 28,956..'l‘he work conducted in the Laboratory is signed so many units according to the time and materials used. The total cost of operation and -the total units of work conducted is used to ev- aluate the’cost per unit.

A total of 61,833 units of work were performed during 1957, a an, average cost of 18.930 cents per unit. In other words if this is multiplied by the total num- ber of units the actual value of Laboratory services in dollars and cents extended free of charge to the livestock owners of the Province can be determined. This service .i-s Ptovided through the

Non Producers Must Be Culled

The poultry flock carefully watched and systema- tically culled throughout the‘ year. Some birds lay well for a time and then fall by the way- side. If the general health and- appearance ‘of the flock is good‘, those birds which do not stand up Ire better removed. They are not likely to make a come back.

As the ‘season goes on watch for birds loafing on the job, also the persistently broody hens. It is easy to pick out the birds not laying.

When the heavy winter and Spring laying is over, the flock should be heavily culled. All birds should be handled. Remove all birds that have stopped lay- ing. Also remove birds that are very thin and those which have

an abnormal accumulation of hard abdominal fat. It is advisable to renew the

flock annually for most profitable gains.

Some %IEarIy ‘Weeds Produce 2 Crops

Early weeds, such as mustard, can produce two crops of seed a year and each plant produces hundreds of viable seeds, which,-' unlike the seeds of cultivated plants, can remain alive in the soil for many years. Mustard seed has been known to remain alive for 50 years. Perennial weeds reproduce by seed and by root stalk. A minute section of the root of couch grass is capable of producing a new plant.

should be ’

Page 20B, Tuesday, May 20, 1958 — Guardian - Patriot

Ottawa, -— Small 2- Cycle _01‘ 2-stroke engines have become in- creasingly popular during recent years. H.J. Kemp of the Saan- ichton, B.C., Experimental Farm, says their simple design afford- ing a minimum of moving parts, favours lower cost?’ Their light weight makes them suitable for use with small equipment, such ‘as lawnmowers, outboard motors, washing machines, irrigation pumps and portable chain saws.

In earlier years, 2-cycle eng- ines were known as being some- what temperamental in their per- formance. Modern engineering and construction methods’ have greatly improved their reliabil- ity. Care, however, is still im- portant if their greater efficien- cy is to be maintained.

POWER STROKE

The 2-cycle engine delivers one power stroke for each complete revolution of the crankshaft while a 4-cycle engine delivers one po- wer stroke for every two revol- utions of the crankshaft. The 2- cycle engine is provided with portholes in the cylinder housing -to admit ‘a gas, oil and air mix- ture and to exhaust the burnt mixture by the suction and com- pression action of the piston.

The 4-cycle engine is provided with mechanically operated val- ves and in conjunction with the piston movement, these are tim- ed to admit gas and ,air mix- ture as well as to exhaust the burnt gas. The lubricating ‘oil is held in the crankcase from where it is circulated through the bear- ings and other interior working. surfaces. ' IGNITION SYSTEM . The ignition system, carbure- tor and air cleaners of 2 and 4- cycle engines are similar and may be used on both types of engines. Flywheel magnet to points should be set with a gap

ilncressing Popularity Oi Two-Cycle Engine

of .020 inches and the clearance between the flywheel magnets and the starter coil core should be .080 inches or less to ensure the strongest spark at the sprak plug. The spark plug points also should be gapped at .025 inches. The carburetor is generally of the simple floa-t type. The float operates a needle valve to main- tain the proper level of gasoline in the carburetor bowl. The float hinges and the float itself must be in good condition and operate freely.

The needle and needle valve seat should seat precisely so as to prevent flow of gasoline when the proper level of gasoline in the bowl has been reached. The air cleaner may be of the oil bowl type in which case, the

‘oil bowl should be cleaned oc-

casionally and refilled to the prescribed level.

If an oiled wire screen mesh type is used, it should be clean- ed occasionally. Clogged screen can result in faulty mixture of air and fuel, difficult starting, low power and excessive use of gas and oil.

REGULAR GAS

Only regular gasoline or non- leaded, gasoline mixed with spe- cial lubricating oil for 2-cycle en- gines should be used, in propon- tions recommended by the mak- er of the engine or the manufac- turer of 2~cycle engine lubrica- ting’ oil. \ When gasoline with tetra ethyl lead is used, deposits occur in the combustion chamber. When such gasoline is mixed with automo- bile or tractor oils containing de- tergents or other additions, hea- vy deposits occur in the combus- tion chamber, the spark plug be- comes fouled, and sometimes the points are burned resulting in c siderable difficulty in starting and operatingu I

Cool Weather Best For Grass

(‘mass seed is another thing that makes its best growth dur- ing the cool weather. The seed can ‘be sown even lbefroe the last snow lias disappeared. It is best to do this on a day when there Ii no win and to make sure of even coverage, it is advisable. to broadcast from two direstions. Some experts even adv“o-cate sow-

ing last thing in the fall. The.

-seed will lie dormant throughout the winter and start to grow first thing i-n the spring.

For new lawns the ground should be thoroughly prepared, culntiuated evcnal times to level off the surface and kill the weeds. Repairs are han-dvled in somevwhat the same fashion, with the blad spots raked iihoroughly to open up Ith soil. A light raking one way will coveu‘ seed sufficiently. Wellnourished grass and high

. l . One Cubic mile of the ocean contains enough magnesium salts

-an important part in the war, and one that will be used in much

P.E.I. Department of Agricul- ture. /= -

postwar construction.

to yield about 4,500,000 tons of; magnesium, a metal that played-

quality olendd seed nrom a re- liable seed house lill usually crowd out most weeds. Grass like any other plant, will benefit from a good dressing of ferti- lizer. Commercial fertilizer be- use it is nree from wee ss,

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is reclournxnenldied. It shoul be high in nitrogen, which is chemi- cal element vwhich pnovies the green growth in plants.

A little early work with spud- der and regular cutting with the lawn mower will hlp. ’llhen ther are the ow 2-4-D sprays. Thse must be appliie carefully accord- Iilng ’oo_ irctions an Ian-ter the -weather turns warm. Theh are a little hard on clover, but they certainly do an amazing job in de- vstroyling (IlaIlde|II'II0I1, ock, plant and most other w-ed-s. Whre there is heavy innstation on should follow with fertilizer, wat- ering and some reseedin-pg so that grass will take over where the weeks have been killed or re- moved. ‘

x

S.

Nervous Saws J Are Problem 3

Nervous sows nIay_P1‘9-‘5‘v‘“l 3 problem in the farI'owing season-, It may be noticed w1th_m01‘€ frequency during the sp1‘1I1f1_aS the farrowing season gets IMO full swing.

fllcetonemia Healthy Cattle;

...l This conditioxi is Commonly seen to this period lmcause This condition can get so ser— in dairy Came and isibelievedacur anywhere up, '- ious even to the state where the;by some to be more prevalentifollowing calving Sow may refuse to accept her‘ than in former years. It is also cur during the De

pigs" In some Cases Vetermari bserved in sheep and is known

‘ ' ‘a1 seditive:0 . iansthcan Eweta gggféome theirias pregnancy disease. In sheep, rlervoteisnsetsvsv 121 other cases itvit is more serious than 1n COWS

may prove best to remove the and generally has a higher death _ __ pigs from the farrowing pen and rate. ’ _ _ The,p““°1PI° 5? keep them away from the sow; .The.d1seanse dwas first krecogéégf milk flowgdullne for twelve to eighteen hours. eX- nized III I-Io an . .enmar an I Ion, and an_odd cept for occasional nursing P91“ Sweden. and thefl 111 England-‘A, breath. It Is Inte‘ iod under close supervision. ishort time later it was recogn1z- but not eVP‘;§flbod:y k That may allow the sow mged in America. At first it was-. odor frorr the b ‘ recover naturally from the exer-iheneved to be comphcatmn of‘. Very fgw 1635. H011 and tension 0f_f31'r°W‘.“g' Milk Fever or some other con-lienced If profesgio There has been 3 mlstaken ml‘ dition affecting dairy cattle, how-l is obtained whenfiwy pression among some thata sow’s j ever’ Since that time it has been! typical symptoms. ~ refusal t° [accept her. plgs was I found to be an entirely separate ple submitted to.. “used by f°"°'- Tim‘ 15”" "’“e"= condition. will enable an aceur 5°“’5 ‘I0 11°‘ de‘.'e1°p akfever fr°:.:;§. The disease generally affects. In the general " I “‘;1r.mal fa“f°Wmg' W eg a Sgtslwell-nourished milk cows andment of dairycattfe w 1ch has. Just farrowe rese , . 1 usual] Occur ei ht t. Ith t h. . a problem the decision as to:'WP1°3 C3595 y .g 13 a a lgh-IV " ’ to fourteen days after, calving. balanced‘ ration,

‘ h Id be , , gfifififlrfy t20?:mt0a$esnens5e(?u -This is not necessarily confined able.

k‘: .

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THE I sIvIAIuEsIs FARMERS.-

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