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PAGE 4 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1958.

A Backward Step

As predicted in Finance Minister Fleming’s budget speech. the Govern- ment has given notice on the Com- mons order paper of legislation to “tighten” anti-dumping lawsrUnder the new plan, the value of a product will be based not on its price in the home market but on what it actually costs to produce, plus a reasonable amount of handling and profit. This plan was imposed, not “very success- fully, in the 1930’s. It was scrapped m 1948 when Canada became a mem- ber of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and we thought that we had heard the last of it.

Under present federal control of dumping, the price set for duty pur- poses is usually the fair selling price for that product in the home market. Under the new legislation, Canadian customs officials will be empowered to decide whether the product im- ported is‘ actually being marketed at V_ a profit. If they decide it is not, they may arbitrarily declare a higher price for duty purposes and collect the dif- ference; in dumping duties.

Frankly, we do not like this pro- posal at all. It means placing more power in the hands of government of- ficials'and giving all kinds of leeway for. political interference. With the Commonwealth Conference on Trade and Economic Affairs slated to be held next month in Montreal, it is an untimely move to say the least. Al- ready we have had tarifff adjust- ments’ on a large number of items, many of which were directed at/mak— ing-it tougher for outsidecompetitors to win a share of the Canadian indus— trial market. The most significant of these were the tariff increase on Bri- " tish woollens, and tariff changes on primary iron and steel products, pipes and ttibes,'zinc and zinc products.

_ The Government appears to think that it can press successfully for wid- er‘access to the markets ,ofthe'world for Canadiangoodu dinner the same“ time takingsteps to make it more dif. v

cess to our markets. It is a futile \ policy, and [a particularly vulnerable one at this time, :when Russia is put?- ting on a big trade offensive,,w~hfén the scheme‘for a free trade arealvjfn Europe is taking shape and, other countries are showing interest in or- ganizing trade blobs. There is evi- dence of strong pressure being brought to bear at Ottawa by the big industrial provinces in -these restric-l tive measures. Whatever benefit our farmers and other basic producers may appear to gain from them will be more than wiped out by higher costs Of the commodities they have to buy, ‘ and by retaliatory tariffs which other Countries will impose in our export markets. ‘

It has been estimated that one of eVery five Canadians derives his live- lihood directly from international trade. Canadians are, in fact, more dependent on export trade than are the people of any other industrialized nation. A certain measure of tariff protection may be necessary; but it is at best a necessary evil. It should‘ be strictly controlled by Parliament, under advice of the Tariff Board— not left, as it is now proposed to 'do in. the case of dumping duties—in the hands of irresponsible bureaucrats.

Gun-Boat Diplomacy

Word from London is that the. British Admiralty has strengthened its fishery-protection squadron of tWO frigates and two mine-sweepersf This is intended as a f‘precaution” against incidents with Icelanders . who have signified their intention of extending their territorial limits for fishery purposes from four to twelve, ‘ beginning Sept.’ 1. Other NATO powers-West Germany, Hol- land and France—are supporting Britain in the dispute, while the United States is reported to have urged Iceland to take no “hasty or iprovocative” action.

It may be that ‘theoreticallythe bigger nations are within their rights in insisting that Iceland ad-‘ hereto its present territorial limits; although there is some doubt of this, ' in View of the failure of last spring’s International Conference on the Law of the Sea to come to any agreement

on the question. In any case, it does

not seem quite right for powerful nations to threaten force against a little country like Iceland, whose government, after all, is only trying to protect the people from what they believe to be unfair competition from outside. If, say, the Soviet Union1 or the United States, or even Canada, were to take the same action that Iceland is taking, we do not think there would be any threat ofaforce on the part of Britain, West Ger- many or France.

The fact of the matter is that Iceland'is being browbeaten not be- cause it has changed its fishery limits but because it has not the armed strength with which to ensure success of its action. It is to be hoped that Canada will not lend any sup- port to this “guncboat” diplomacy.

Railway Problems

In his testimony before the Senate- Railway COmmittee the other day, Donald Gordon, President of the Canadian National Railway stated that. he saw no “future” in cross- country rail service and that the cOmpany is studying the possibility of “abandoning its transcontinental service and substituting individual inter-city trains”.

, 7 This, if it became general, would mean abandonment of such fast as the Super-Continental which runs Westward from Mon-t- real and the-Ocean Limited which! runs between Montreal and Halifax ‘with side connections to other areas including this Province. ‘

Mr. Gordon blamed the railways’ ' financial misfortunes on the coming- of jet aircraft which, in his rather inelegant words, “can lick the pants Off US".

‘ There is no dOubt that air traVel\ has created a serious financial prob: lem for the railways in sOme parts of the country. We fancy, however, that the Federal Government and Parliament will consider the situa- tion from all angles and With due re- gard to regional needs before paying any attention to Mr. Gordon’s pro- posal. It seemsout of the question

that a country the size of Canada

could get along without major rail connections from coast to coast.

EDITORIAL NOTES ' A new breed of cattle has been de- veloped in'Australia, according to the

Australian News ,gnd Infilrmation

Bureau. A cross between the Brahmin and red English beefbreed, _ it is a large, heavy animal with a shortred coat. It is called the “Droughtmaster” and is resistant to both heat and ticks.

# 3 t ' A 'prisoner in England has been

‘ returned to‘jail After he had escaped ' . 15.times. It is right, no doubt, that

the man should pay for his misdeeds, including escaping from custody. For all that, it is a pity that his undoubt- ed ingenuity cannOtlbeput to work in some useful way. Any man who can escape from jail 15 times is no dull: ard. ~ V ‘ . e - *

Perhaps Nikita Khrushchev is not as expert in the propaganda field as he has been considered by Western- diplomats. At any rate, by not attending the special session of the UN. General Assembly he missed an opportunity to display his forensic talent. It is reported in New Torktthat, already, some of the delegates from the smaller nations are whispering that the Soviet leader was afraid to cross swords with President Eisenhower in open forum. ‘ - e

O I

Stg Patrick’s Roman Catholic Cathedral in New York recently ob- served its 100th anniversary. It is in- teresting to note that a the time the church was built the general view was that it should be located in the “Bow« ery”, the then fashionable part of the \ city. However, the then head of the Archdiocese, the Most Rev. John 1 Hughes, insisted that it should be on 5th Avenue and 50th Street, an area which he predicted-would become the heart of the city in due course. Events proved him to be a man of considerable vision.

' i # Q

~ A member of the US. House of Representatives, deploring the de- crease in American-owned shipping, said that “history points out quite vividly the need for maintaining a strong American merchant marine to serve as a fourth arm of defence in time of war and to carry out cargoes in time of peace”. History points out the same need for Canada. Unfor- tunately, it does not seem to be sup.

‘ ported by Government authorities. If

things keep on as they are going, Can- ada Won’t have a ship to call its own a. few years from now.

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HISTORY ‘ REPEATS ,

OTTAWA REPORT

Hunting An

Ogo Pogo

By Patrick Nicholson

Ottawa: Summer has come to Ottawa, late but in its full humid fury. Thmgh these dog days, Parliament Thas unaccustomedly been sitting, and for unusually protracted hours.

Pity the poor Wspalperman, who traditionally regards sun- heated August as the “silly sea- son”, yet who this year has here had to report serious poli- tics rather than the fictitious Oglo- Pogo and similar lighthearted vu- cation—tlme frivolities.

But a civil breach of confidence, coupl with some muddled Libemal thlnlt— ing, set the stage. And some Press Gallery reporters pulled oil the double-event which kept Par- liament abuzz for three days: it was Ongogo reporting about Politics. v

The trail goes back to last year’s budget, introduced by Lib- eral Finance Minister Walter Har-' ris. On that election eve, the Liberal Government approved the description of Canada’s economic prospects as rosy and umtmoubled. Subsequent events proved that forecast to have been wildly in- accurate. The even later discover of the famous “hidden neport” on “Canada’s Economic Pruspects for 1957” revealed, as Prime Min- ister John Diefeubaker told Cana- dians earlier this year, that the Liberals had been warned of the imminent recession by their civil service advisers, but had delib- erater gone counter to that 'warn- ing.

BAD NEWS HIDDEN

Further, the Liberals had made no emergency plans to remedy the predicted rise in unemploy-

‘ment. Worse, when the Conser-

vative Government took office, neither the outgoing Liberal Gov- ernment nor the senior civil ser- vants told the new government about this warning flag and what it portendcd. l

The important economic fore! cast was in fact, as Mr. Diefen- baker correctly charged, “hid- den”—both by the Liberals and by presumably Liberal-learning civil service advisers.

This column ha 5 previously drawn attention to the improper political partisanship in certain very high offices within the civil service. Those bureaucrats should of course show no such partis- anship, and should work their best as ordered, by whatever pol- itical party is elected to form the government. If they feel unable to perform that basis require- ment of their jobs, they should‘im mediately resign from the public sex-Vice. -

Further corroboration of this column’s charge was supplied last month by the improper disclos- ure by a civil servant to a nowa- paperma-n of the confidential re- port on “Canada’s Economic Pro- spects for 1958”.

At this stage the Ogo-Pogo came onto the Parliamentary scene.

Newspapers in many cities pub—

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the‘ discus- V5101] by correspondents of question of ‘lnterest. The Guardian does not hence-

larin endorse the opinion of carrot

pondents.

IN APPRECIATION

Sir,——During our recent visit to your Island, we had many occas- sions for experiencing P.E.I. hos- pitality. Perhaps the most un- expected was when we ran out of gas on the road. The first car to stop and offer us help was No. 14-676 P.E.I. plate. After hooking his car with ours by way of a long rope, this gentleman was kind enough to tow us for over two miles to a gas station. When we offered to pay him for his kind help, he refused, saying “You just can’t pay me -— I en- joyed being able to help.”

To No. 14—676 P.E.I. — many thanks.

I am. Sir, etc. MRS. S. BROTT Montreal, Quebec.

lished stories by their Ottawa correspondents, desmibing inter- views with Trade Minister Gor- dlon Churchill about this ser- vice leak. , .

THE FOUR HORSEMEN

This ‘started a proper hoonha in Parliament. The Liberal M.P’s— or rather “the, four horsemen of the what-an-eellpse" surrounded by almost empty Liberal bench- es—cried tally-ho and spurred their chargers in pursuit of a red homing. ' ‘

Messrs Pearson, Martin, Clhev- ricr and Pickensgill demanded that Prime Mlnister Diefembaker should now table the 1958 Econo- mic Forecast, just as last Jan- uary he had tabled the 1957 Econ- omic Forecast. The Prime Minis- ter properly replied that it would be improper to make public such a confidential document during its topicality; but he offered to table it early next year, just as be bad tabled the 1957 report ear-

1y this year. . ’ The four horsemen then tried Another tack, and questioned Mr. Churchill about the alleged news- paper interviews. He replied sim~ ply that the stores were “without foundation”. What he did not dis- close was that certain of thesilly— season Writers had fabricated their reports. Some have said that in fact the never spoke to him at all, but instead spiritedly interviewed each other by telephone at their homes on a hot sunday afternoon, and up» dated'half-rememlbered comments made by Mr. Churchill before he had seen the “leak”. v

This was very bewildering to everyone, and not least to the four horsemen of the Liberal Par- ty who, I noticed, were being

prompted and master-minded by I

their paid and their voluntary

quantenbaclcs in the Op- '

position Gallery end...Press Gal- lery. ' . ‘ ' So when the artificial sensa- tion of tbesecond hidden report died down, the four‘ horsemen found that they had just been hunting an Ogo-Pogo‘, created by ncwsmen as is customary in the hot humid dos-days of midsum- mer. ’

The UN. And The Middle Edst

By W.,N.‘Ewer ' United Kingdom Information Service

The Middle Eastern .probl’ ems are beung' discussed. where they should be discussed-by the United Nations. .

’Ilhe' Assembly could have met thnee weeks earlier than it has done. When the use of the Soviet veto had prevented the Security Council from coming to only de cision or making any recommen- dation the United States repre- sentative, on July 19, «tabled. a resolution asking the Omen to call a special Assembly session. The Soviet representative had al- ready approved the idea. Given the deadlock in the Council, it was, by all the rules, the correct procedure. _ ,

But then came Mr. Khrush- chev’s sudden personal interven— tion. He proposed, instead, a meet ing of Heads of Governments. The idea was accepted and the American resolution was held in abeyance. By July 23, it all seem— ed stelled. There was to be a spec- ial meeting of the Security Coun— cil attended by Heads of Gover- ments, who would be able, also, to meet each other in private talks outside the Council Chamb- er. Mr. Krushchev had agreed. Nothing remained but for the United Nations Headquarters to meet to arrange the necessary procedural details.

Then came that astonishing series of manoeuvres, including the hurried visit to Peking, by which Mr. Krushchev extricated himself from hls of July 23, dismissed all thought of a special Security Council meeting, and brought everything back to where it had stood on July 19-60 a special session of the Assembly. PROVOCATIVE TONE

But back with a difference. Mr. Krushchev’s letter of July 23 to Mr. Macmillan had been mod- erate, restrained. almost fruendly in tone and language. So, incl- d-enmallly, were Mr. Gromyk-o’s re- marks to the Press when he land- ed in New York. But the Khrush- chev letter, published on the eve of the Assembly debate, is in com plete contrast. It uses language

'which is not merely polemlcal

but provocative. It speaks of British and American “aggres- sion” against the Arab countries, which it is the duty of the Assemb ly to “stop”. It accuses Britain and United States of “bninglutg the world to the brink of a world war”.

Moscow, in fact, has, not for the first time, been speaking with two voiceswwhic'h must reflect two different lines of thought llll its inner Councils. The outcome of this Assembly meeting will in- evitably depend largely u p o n which prevails in the course of the session.

The objective of the British

Government is that the Assem- 5

bly debates Shall. if at all pos- sible, have a calming influence

in a dangerwa troubled area. Aggressims, or armed interven- tions, or violent, revolutions could all be potentially explosive; and therefore need to be prevented. That is, not to say that Britain be- lieves in the possibility or the de- sirability of attempting to “freeze either the internal or the exter- nal status quo in any part of the area. History teaches the folly of such thought. Changes will come about. The essential thing its that they should come about peace- fully. ' .

KEEPING THE PEACE

The maintenance of peace (in the widest sense of the word) is therefore oneprimary objective. With it must go some form of co- operative efifiort to solve the gmve and complex economic problems of the area. ’

Lastly, it for obvious reasons the earnest wish of the Blutlsh Government to withdraw the British troops from Jordan at the earliest possible moment. Sus- picious that there is some plan to keep them there indefinitely, to re-create a British base in Jordan could not be more wide of the mark.

Nobody, of course, is inclined to under-esthnate the difficulties. It is one thing to set objectives:

quite a different one to attain

them. To lay down general prin- ciples is one thing; to translate them into practice is another. - Neither the. United Nations, nor the Great Powers, nor any outside agency, can impose tran- quillity. Both peace and prosper- ity must come from 0n the other hand, the Middle East is not and cannot be, a detached and isolated area. Its problems are world probems, since they may affect the whole world-Mitch is one reason ‘why the U n it e (1 Nations (whether the Security Oouncll or the Assembly) is‘ the right forum for their discussion. The Assembly cannot provide solutions especially in a single

_meeting. The most for which one

can hope is that it will be able to give some help towards such solutionsand perhaps quite as important, to prevent the hind- rance of them by unwise or ill-in- tentiOned interference from with

Tronquilizers & Car Driving

By Herman N. Bundesen, M. D. THROUGHOUT Amerlca peo- ple are taking tranquilizers, some on the advice of their doctors, some on their own initiative. Many of these people, probably most of them, drive cars. Some of them—again probably a sizable portion—will drive their autos while under the influence of these anxietyareducing drugs.

TEST MADE

About the best information thus far has come from the Universuy of Michigan where a test on the problem was conducted. .

A control group was given driv- ing tests 30 minutes after taking tranquilizers. No significant changes were noted. ‘

But more-studies are advocat- ed to dét vine What, if anything, happens over a longer period of time following ingestion of the pills.

Not all tranquilizers are alike, you know. They have different chemical makeup and act on dif- ferent parts of the brain and nervous system.

Mcproba-mate and chlorprom-a- zine are the most common types

available to th general public.

Studies of chlonpromazine' in- dicate that it has some effects on human behavior which could in- fluence driving safety. Studies of meprobamate have not reveal- ed the same characteristics.

The Safety Council emphasizes. however, that com-partisans of dis- similar studies are not necessar- ily conclusive.

SHOULD WARN PATIENTS

The Council and most physi- cians recommend, and I cer- thinly agree, that physicians should advise patients of the possibley effect on driving ability when prescribing tranquilizers.

The Council also recommends:

“Public officials, while waiting mm conclusive evidence from the scientists, should stay alert to this new influence-on the Am- erica-n scene, observe very care- fully any apparent relationshlo to accidents or violations, and take whatever medlco - lez'al steps are finally indicated. to con: tml any harmful influence on the accident rate."