l i

THE GUARDIAN

‘Cover: Prince Edward Island Like the Dew‘

Published every week-day morning at 136 Pl'lnl‘( Street. Charlottetown. P. E. l.. by The Thomson Company Limited.

Editor and Manager. Ian A. Burnett.

Auoolato Editor. Frank Walker. Branch offices at Summeraide. Montague and Alberton. Authorized as Second Class Mall oi

the Post Office Department. Ottawa. By Carrier: Charlottetown. Summerside $15.00 per annum. Elsewhere in P. E. 1. $9.00. Other Prov- inces and U. S. A. $12.00 per annum.

“The utrongeat memory-Irvvoakai than the woalseat ink."

An liniair llatii

Canadians are apt to be a bit sniug when oaths of loyalty are mentioned. The oath of allegiance as administered in this country. however, would cause an American college professor or anyone else to shudder.

There was a time \\'hen we were con- tent to have naturalized citizens and of- fice iiolders swear simple fcalty lo the sov- ereign. Today, however, the oath of al- legiance in general use reads as follows‘ "I swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Eliz- abeth II. her Heirs aii(l Successors, accord-

ing to law. and that I will failiifully ob-‘

serve the laws of Canada and fulfill my duties as a Canadian citizen. So help me God."

The would-be citizen or official illlloi not only swear that he will avoid high trea- son but he must also swear that he will obey the law. an undertaking which must result in practically everyone who takes the oath breaking it in very short order. He must further swear to fulfill his duties as a citizen. The ordinary man is as public spirited as his nature permits but the nat- uralized subject dare not fail to vote or work in an election or do all the thousand and one things which are duties of citizen- ship on pain of breaking his oath.

It would seem that a simple oath of fealty to the Queen of Canada would be sufficient to provide for loyalty. The de- tails of law observance and citizenship are not a suitable subject matter for so solemn an undertaking.

__ __.___.._._______¢

Wearing Tartan

The rather remarkable popularity of tartan today results in it being worn and used with small concern for appropriate- ness from the point of view of its history and origin. The Scots. although a few may growl at the unwarranted use of their own particular clan's tartan, are on the whole pleased rather than otherwise at the recognition which their colourful garb is obtaining.

Generally speaking the proper wearing of a particular tartan depends,upon the territorial origin of a family. Those living in a particular Highland area looked to the local chief for protection and wore his tar- tan. They were usually but not by any means always of the same clan. The tartan which all British subjects may properly wear is the Royal Stuart.

The most recently developed tartan is unquestionably that of the Province of Nova Scotia which has been approved by and registered with the Lyon King of Arms. Any Nova Scotian has the indis- putable right to wear it. It is said to haw the deep blue of the sea. the green of the forest, ii white line of surf. a line of gold denoting the Royal charter and ii red line denoting the lion rampant on the Nova Scotian crest.

If any people outside of the Highlands of Scotland are entitled to ii tartan of their o\vn it is certainly those of Nova Scotia. By a legal fiction a plot of land at Edin- burgh Castle is Nova Scotian soil and there the baronets of Nova Scotia stood to he enfeoffed. To more practical purpose the settlers from all parts of Scotland who came out without benefit of great lallil grants have succeeded in maintaining anti developing their traditions and have pas- jgd on a great heritage to those who come after.

Meimv “Moilownoss"

Russia's Foreign Minister Molotov has ,made a name for himself as a stern. un- bending. unsmiling diplomat. It, could be said of him as Caesar is reported to have said of the lean and hungry Cassius: “Sei- dom he «smiles. and smiles in such a sort as if he mocked himself, and scorned his spirit that could be moved to smile at any- thing." That was the state of affairs up until a month or so ago; since then. ac- cording to reports from Geneva, Mr. Mol- otov has been seen to smile and even to laugh out loud on numerous occasions. I-ie ‘gang to be going out of his way to be me‘. ",4. friendly to everybody he meets: gvgj up. Dulles, for whom ‘the Russian has newt lute good word in the past, is a pint d thlllwiy-distributed gracious-

’ " my flaeriomenon is being called wondering what it

' ; and, as is usual in ' Jfiere are different ’ Some, the more

I t i

sceptical ones. see in the sudden change an old-fashioned political ruse, intended to e:i- trap the unwary. Others. more inclined tr. charity, are trying to persuade -hemselve; that Mr. Molotov really is a changed man and is trying by means of smooth words and friendly gestures to make amends foi years of churiishness. Both these views are interesting and each has something in- triguing about it: but it would be unwise to make either the basis of any hard and fast conclusion.

The hard fact is that. thus far. Mr. Molotov has not said one word at Geneva which would indicate any fundamental change in Kremlin policy; as for doing any- thing by way of confirmiiig his new warmth of manner. not one constructive art appears in the record. The world will hope that orders have gone out from the Kremlin foi more co-operation with the West in effort; to reach a peaceful iinderstaiidirig. It will take more than bright smiles and heart-' handshakes on the part of Mr. Molotov ti) bring this hope to fulfillment; at the same time. it would be a mistake to assume that no change in Russian policy can over come labout. It looks that way at times, bu’ ’‘‘while there's life there's hope". Mean- iwhile, whether it means anytlilng or not. i Mr. Molotov's nicliowness may help to shed a little more light. even if arIi.‘icial and

and elsewhere. EDITORIAL NOTES A note appearing _vesterday error. Queen is officially celebrated in the United] Kingdom. It is also the hii'thda_v of H. R -’ H. the Duke of Edinburgh.

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was ii.

The Red Cross water safety program last year brought training to no less than 3,668 persons and it is hoped to reach 5,000 or more this year. The efforts of the many interested workers has undoubtedly saved lives and also brought safe enjoyment with- in reach of a great many youngsters.

O O I

Although prices are slightly below the high of 1951, Ontario farmers are making more money on hogs than ever before, ac- cording to the sales agency which markets hogs in that Province. The greater vol- ume today more than makes up for the slightly loiver than record price.

0 I I

Despite widespread complaints about cold and \vet weather there has been a phenomenal growth of grass in this Prov- ince. Other crops are, perhaps, less easy to judge but it seems that farm produc- tion has a chance of reaching a very high level.

I O 0

Thai five Asian powers. the “Colombo powers" are admirably qualified to act as cease-fire SUpQl'VlS0i'S in lndo-China is the wise suggestion of the. British Foreign Sec- retary. Mr. Eden's proposal, however. does not seem to appeal to Mr. Molotov who would add Poland and Czechoslovakia al- though they seem unlikely Asiatics.

O O 0

Canada has a new building code, the first major revision since the original one published in 1941. The National Research Council hopes that more than 100 munici- palities will adopt the standard rules. Build- ers frequently e.\'press the opinion that un- suitable and greatly varied building regula- tions add to the cost of housing and pre- vent much deveiopmeiit that is ieally de sirable.

Q I O

The reason for protection in _\'e.ars gone by was to allow the development of "in- fant iiidustries." Today a spokesman for Canatllan manufacturers takes the view that. “We. have gone too far down the road of industrial development. to try to returr. lfully to the agrarian days, where we are bound to head unless we do recognize the need for balance (between free. wide open markets and a closed door tariff policyi."

O O 0

Red tape has a habit of clinging long after its reason has ceased to exist. It is satisfacioiyv, therefore. that the rule which required prospective citizens to file a declar- ation of intention in year before their ap- plication for citizenship has now been abolished. The rule served little useful pur- pose and sometimes caused applicants t.o have to wait a year after they were en- titled to citizenship under the law.

The Crystal Palace was opened in Syd- enham by Queen Victoria this date 1854. It had originally been erected in Hyde Park, London for the Great Exhibition in 1851. -Mainly of glass and ir n. with wooden floors, it was designed y Sir Jos- eph Paxton. Its floor spam of 21 acres was intended for the permanent exhibition of the art and culture of all nations. Sym- phony concerts wen held there for many years and the Handel festival every three years from 1859 until 1912.‘ It was part- ly burned in 1866 and finally dertmyed by

temporary. on the dark places at Geneva;

Today the birthday of H. M. thci’

Possible Unioreseen Developments

Old Clio rloiieiown

and P.I.l. ‘

WARREN FARM

‘On the west side of the (Char- lottetown) harbour lies the fort. or Warren Farm . . When the Island was taken, the French had a garrison, and extensive im- provemenis in this place; and here the commandant chiefly resided. Afterwards, when the Island was divided into townships. and grant- ed away to persons who were con- sidered as having claims on gov- ernment. this tract was reserved

for His Majesty's use. Governor Patterson. however. took pos- sion of it for himself. and ex-

pended a considerable sum in its improvement. The late Abbe de Calonne (brother of the famous financier) afterwards obtained the use rind possession of this place during his stay on the Island. and the family of the late General Fanning have (by some means» nbtained a grant of this valu.-ible tract. the improvement of which is now altogether neglected" . —Fro.rn An Account of Prince F.dW¢'~li't'l Island. Etc., by Mr. John Macgrcgor. quoted in the I’. E. Island Register. Oct. 7. I828.

"The paragraph which appeared in our last respecting the Warren Farm, taken from MI‘. Mac- zregor'ii forthcoming work on this Island and the neighboring Col- nnics. is calculated to convey an erroneous impression. The pro- perty in qiiestion was granted. in the year 1799. by order of His Grace the late Duke of Portland. then Secretary of State. in Char- lrs Alexander Dr Calonne. the Minister of the unfortunate Louis XVI. Upon the death of Monsieur De Calonne it devolved to his son Charles Hearie Louis De Ciiloniie. a Captain in the Cii.1s.<v~ui's Firi- ianiiiques. who dirrl at l\'Inlla. when it hccanie vezztcrl iii the lair Abbe James Lariislas Juscpli De Calonne. as lii"lI‘ and executor in his brother and ni-pliew. Tn re- lieve the Abbi’ frirri suynie iif‘f’lllll~ ary distress. thn lain CC'l!‘l'."l Fanning was ll1l'illCr‘l’l, in the your I807. being then in ljiiglaiirl. to become the )1Ul'('llr'l."-"l' of t‘iis pro- perty. the pnsscssioii of uiiirli h‘ir since been confirmed to lii". tl:iusli-

ier. in tho inns! in ili"IlI’l mm‘- nc-'. by His l\lf‘.l".< l"li'ii-l."i" " --P. E. lslanrl Flr:z..~t~r. Oi-l. ii.

lR’.‘.8.

ANCIENT SYSTICM

Cl‘lll"Ff‘ i'<“d i:ikc'i ii".I""" :u s.zn.1t.ui':s rii n'.~ -nieziis nu, t‘il'l_\ as the 7th rciiii '

.,-.i

l NOTES 3*.’

A proposal for l3l'HI|plll‘.0i‘_\’

indie i'e-c:;.'iiiiii1nlioii of ii iv.~' has been placed licfiire tli: ()ll-i lurin icgislai.iii'e's select '1-vini miller nn hgliivay safety by t-in c.\'perts. Mr". W. A. Br - thr

University of Tui'oiitn‘.= s:~..cl.V iii- i'l"Cl.0l‘, and I~‘i‘nvinri:ii Police Cum- missioner E. V, McNeil. ’l'li.~ sug- gestion merits the closest f‘i|:i".lfl- ernlinn. Mr. Bryce believes flint drivers should not only he i"‘« examined from time in time as in their rlrivinit ability but fir‘ physical and mental defects 31> well. Quite rightly. he points nu that it is possible for :1 rlrivrr in have a license for 61 years - between 18 and 80 yo-ars of age

—\vii.h0ut. re-examination. — Ot- tawa Journal. 4 Nova Scotia who are lf'iili'lpili.-

ing. or dreading. as their inclina- tion: may dispose them. the ad- vent of television in this province in the Fall, will take an interest in recently released news stories concerning the progress nf visual communiciationa. Twenty « five countries now have television fa- cilities, including Canada and the United States; sixty-five television stations are now in operation. in countries outside the North Ameri- can continent, and their programs are received on four and three- quarter million television sets. And this world-wide growth of tele- vision in not entirely a local or regional phenomenon: Britain. in- deed. which“ started television on a aymlmtlo beau eighteen an alo. now has Icven ltatlona w on cover more of the country. can account: for nearly three and a half million of the nets in use of this continent. In

tirsmiv-30..1936.."'""'

tin America is allo wet! hr- vard;Iix¢oiinu-i_utiavetvnat7-

»

".r;i\'c‘iei'.

ri~r- i’

The Oppenh

(Wall Street Journal)

Any person who accepts a position of responsibility must know that his responsibility limits his freedom to act as he pleases.

A man who becomes president of a bank must know that he will arouse suspicion if he associates with people whose financial ln- tegrity is open to question. A minister of the lospel cannot en- gage in activities which might pass unnoticed if engaged in by the layman. _

The man who accepts public office does so knowing full well that he himself is no longer the sole judge of what he can do and what he cannot do.

His responsibility of the public officer, the fact that by being in the service of the public a person accepts the obligation to conform to certain rules and standards. was epitomized by the late Justice Holmes in a decision in a case

are

Justice Holmes said in effect that the policeman did indeed have the Constitutional right to talk politics but he had “no Con- stitutional right to be a police- man.“ In other words he gave up the right to act entirely as be pleased when he accepted a posi- tion which Iimiteri his rights.

The principle that Holmes ap- plied in this relatively minor case arises again in the more serious and important case of Dr. Robert Oppenheimer who was suspended as atomic adviser to the Govern- ment.

The Security Board which stu- ilied his case has found Dr. Op- ')2I‘li1Cli‘l1(’l' to be a loyal citizen. It found no evidence that he had liaiidletl secret. information im- nropei'l_v. Ncvertiieless it conclud- ed that it would be inconsistent with the security interests of the

iintinn to reinstate Dr. Oppen- iiciiiicr's clearance in work (uni rlassified atomic projects. This‘

nne I

llK‘('l3lOi'l drew in dissent from I

member of the board and will be

iiiuch debated. O O

The facts :ibnut Dr. Oppen- ‘ieimrr a-‘r: not disputed. As early; .15 I937 ll‘ ras deeply in\nl\'rrl‘_ . ciatinns with members of

. iimunir.t party. gave fin-

support to the party and "pi encouragenicni. to its] reu..~.s. lie was accepted by Com-‘ iiiiiiiisis :'s a fellnw-m'::rib'*r: lic- ll-"il’."f?'.."l‘lZf‘(‘l himself as it fellow-,

Ti-IE WAY‘

ill‘ lE‘l“\'l5liill slntioiis. ten of ‘ll|’_‘li. are in Crba. Japan has .'.'u stations. Russia and he

.ii:llitcs have eight, and most of, .iic \V<~;it Europeaii rounirics havt ‘I ~i. least one. —— Halifax Chronicle- lcrald.

"Britain's Colonial Office in Lon- lnn has ninety-two "fuIly furnish- srl" islands for rent in the Sey- chelles Archipelago. Anyone de- ziring the iise of I “desert. ls- l:.nrl" can apply by writing to the "S:ci'et.ai~y of the Government of .he Seychelles at Mahe. via Mom- 'oa.:a." I..i-tiers will be answered within a fortnight. Would-be Rob- inson Cruaoes. however. are re- quired to be serious and to have the pioneering spirit. They are expected to go into copra cultiva- tion or guano earring. The island: have a good supply of fresh wa- ter and there are rich fishing wa- tors in the surrounding ocean. Their vegetation is luxuriant. rm- tala are quite small. and taxation non’-existent. -—Informaeioner, Ma- dri .

Have Your Oiothes

DRY CLEANED PRESSED ONLI

am -.wa_v ‘ omaxmis - Dbl ‘VII?

Ml

eimer Case

In 1942. when he became en- gaged in the early atomic bomb work. he ended his overt asso- ciation with the party. But his sympathetic interest in the party continued until I946, when he first indicated an affirmative rejection of it. And his association with members of the party was main- tained until a very recent date.

There is no evidence that this past activity and friendship af- fected Dr. Oppenheimer‘a own loyalty. But it did lead him into some strange attitudes towards the security program of which he was I part and for which he had some responsibility.

In instance after instance Dr. Oppenheimer seemed to take the position that the ordinary require- ments of the security system did not apply to him because he could make his own personal Judgment as to what was proper or im-

which involved the right. of a _pn- proper. In several cases he with- - iiceman to ensaxe in political held information about Communist activity. activity of other scientists when.

in his own personal jlidgment. he thought it not pertinent. or believ- ed the individual to be neverthe- less trustworthy.

It may well be that the loy- alty and security standards set up to safeguard our atomic pro- iccts were ecessarily severe. It may be that some of them were silly. It is undoubtedly true that they were Irksome to many of those to whom they were applied.

But no man has a right to think that because he is brilliant in a highly technical and abstruse field then he is above the rules and safeguards by which a society tries to protect itself. however frivolous those rules may seem to

him.

And a man who so places his own judgment against the safe- guards of the law must expect in the end to be judged himself by his fellow men.

l uuis moy insure

I was in the United ltatu Mid- West in im. the year when the “Great Books" iirosrI_m which had been started some years be- fore that.» was given a great deal of publicity and accorded much popular favour by the establish- ment. of a Foundation headed by Dr. Robert Hutchina of the Uni- versity of Chloagn_ Dr. I-lutchlns. it should be added. has been ii strong supporter of the idea. and

its chief interpreter. from the start. _ Most of the financial support

comes from the Fund for Adult Education.a. subsidiary of the Ford Foundation, which seems to be iii- volved, usually in a big way, in about every new venture in Am- erican education. Last. year Great Books received upwards of a half- mlllioii dollars from the fund. . . .

At the time (1041) the idea took on the character of a popular lad. There was hardly a city of any size. especially in the Mid-West. that did not have at least one ad- ult. discussion group where selec- tlons from the great books of the past. 2000 years were studied in- tensively. There was. of course. some controversy as to its merits. Supporters of the movement_c_Iaim- ed that. in its emphasis on the ideas and thought which he help- ed to create our present civiliza- tion. it. laid the groundwork and even the structure of I good lib- eral education.

Ita opponents and Iuke-warm adherents were of the opinion that it laid too much stress on the classics and not enough on mod- em thought and technology which, after all. the forces which people of this generation have to make use of in the working out of polit- ical and social problem. In short, while the idea might be a good one in theory. It was hardly prac- tical enough Ior these busy days.

while some of its early popular- iiy bu worn ofl—thia happens to every new idea in the field of edu- catlon—it remains a movement of considerable influence. At the moment there are approximately 1200 Great Books discussion groups in various parts of the country; I believe there are some in Canada as well, but I haven't. happened to see any figures that might indicate their strength.

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Moqt. of the Universities and Colleges in the United states have experimented more or less serious- ly with thin Great Boon program; but only one. St. John’: College "1 Alm-IP01!-I. Mflfyllnd. has made a specialty of it. In that institu- tioi1—t.he third oldest college in America—tho cnt.i.ne curriculum is based on it. A few other subjects are given placee—phyaicaland bio- logical sciences, mathematics, lang- uagea—but. only so far as they can be tied in with the Great Books seminars.