FEBRUARY a p941; dlh-Eidrsaional Gerda"

charlottotowll. P-l-I. . . Phone Ill _ ‘

ruauc STENOGRAPHII '91 enlpgphill‘ IUD DENIM mmépiswouuenolu ' news amass Telephone III-I

Apt. No. l. Couaaugbt Apt Pownal Street

(“iii l. A. McGUlGANi I.A. sonar. aro. BARRISTEB. soucnon cuntun aumnmo

MORRELL and COMPANY Chartered Aeoolntllﬂ Eastern Trust Building

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i,’ Phone m1 - nos m

éy Charlottetown

j n. u seams. c.a.

E; Resident Partner

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“Tum w. msoms . CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT Curpie Building

Charlottetown Tel. i636 P.O. Box 452 .e;QFoQoQ+OQQOv-Q-O~Q+OOQOOQ

McLEOD 8| BENTLEY

. E. BENTLEY. K-O. .l. A. BENTLEY. KO.

Barristers and Attorneys-at- Law

154 Prince Street

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"réiéiaene A. Largo, no.

ISARRISTEB. SOLICITOB. N OTABY

Rl)_\'il| Bunk o! Canada Chambers. Charlottetown. PJJ. Successor to George J. Tweedy, ILO.

ALEX W. MATHIESON

BARRISTER. UOIJCITOB. ITO- Oiilce: 90 Great George Street iileney to Loan Collection

DR. A. R. SMITH DENTIST 175 Grafton Street Oiiice Hours: 9 to IZ-I to I Telephone 22M

M. ALBAN FARMER as. nun. nosey ro LOAN BAIKRISTER. SOLICITOR. 5T0. crrsaeorrerown

i i

H. R. DOANE 8. CO. Chartered Accountant. 53 Grulton Street Charlottetown Phone 2080 In! l"

Randolph W. Manning, (LA.

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CHARLES R. McQUAID B.A.

Barrister. Solicitor. Notary. Ito.

Eastern Trust Building. Charlottetown Phone lill

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IlR. W. R. CARSON

Chiropractor ‘ . Palmer Graduate ‘ lo

C Ill Prince st. _ Phone ll‘)!

PALMER d. HASLAM A. J. IIASLAM, I.A_ LLI. BARBISTIR. ITO. Bank ot Nova iootia Chambers

Charlottetown. REL MONEY T0 LOAN

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EDUCATION

‘liuollhout the history o! the peat, those people have striven best tor the impel-overrun: n! rwal conditions who have had the trest- eat. lwe o! children. By making the most ed this life in that way you will be meklni the 190st for the next life. The verities n! what my people have done or been is a up in the children and their Wliortunitlea. The supreme test d! human progress is the qual- ity o! child-lite and its opport- unities. ior wholemme development, happiness and aatistactiosu. That ll why we must improve the eon- dititms oi.‘ rural N10,, that the child- ren may be intelligent, capable. industrious and iuli of wills. Some people .thlnk that by educating their children. it will give hbn a chance to esclQe hard labour. This is a mlatlkt. To seek to escape one’; share o! toil in life is really to waste ones power. One pirrpvee

The word syntax means arraliKe- merit (Greek syn. togethey taxis arrangement.)

Syntax in Grammar is that 981i oi it which deals with the relations o! words to one another in a scri- tence. A sentence is a statement made about something? as, "the girl runs." The something ‘boy’ is called thg subject. The statement. ‘nlns’ lg called the predicate. Every sen- tence must have two PKIW- The Subject Is what We sneak about- The Predicate is what we say about the subject.

The relations existing between words and groups qt words in l sentence may be generally stated thus:

1. The Subject-Predicateellelat- ion. This that which subsbts te- tween the Subject and Pfediﬁlte- This is the primary relation upon

SILENT READER (Choose

(Choose the best. answer lo each):

l. Small children shcuid'not be allowed to have matches. because (a) they always set fires, (b) they may be tempted to light tires. (c) they want to destroy DFGDETIY- (d) tires are always dangerous.

(2) when camping or 0n a pic- nic’ people should (a) not light a fire. (b) be sure the fire is out alter cooking, (c) make a tire in a wet place. (d scatter the fire Bite?

eating. Q _ 3. If your clothes catch Sire from a tireplsce. (a) rush out of doors.

Ab) oall the iirehall. (c) take oil

your clothing (d) roll yoursell in the 01'9"-

l-Iere they would dance the round d the clock to the skiri oi’ Milfdﬂ Reid's bagpipes or to the music e! the fiddle in the hands of some old expert, seated 0n a chﬂil‘ Bet on a. table in the tar corner out o! the way o! the meffy-mliiefs as they performed the intricacies oi’ the rue River ha. the eishr-hand m1. the double iir. mo»! 0‘ Brandy and other oid time dances, while lanterns hanging from the raiters or candles set on sconces provided the illumination.

several old buildings have long since been demolished for the sake s! aaiety, but vandal hands have not been allowed to molest this great monument to the early hi1" traders, and it stands s thine 01 beauty and a joy forever. something

APPLE

Apple scab is a fungus disease that passes the winter within the

tissues of the (alien leaves of the

previous season. In the early

PRESENTING NEWS AND

SYN

LOWER FORT GARRY (Continued)

Phone 85 R0, 5e; 1|

n. r. McPl-IEE, as, K.C.

Noranv. no.

BARRISTEB. SOLICIIOI Riley Building

EYES EXAMINED AND

Charlottetown

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, IJJ. D- L. Marnrason. ma. mo.

F" M ill-vim

GLASSES FITTED

J. 8. Taylor OPTOMETRIST

Corner Kent and Qleal 1 Phone 1960 Evenings by Appointment Phone: Residence ill!

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GAUDET l. l-IASZARD Barristers. solioloerl. Notarisa Ih Clnaiilan pm ol Ooulueroe Bldg.

MONEY T0 LOAN GILBERT A. GAUDET. 1A.. "J Canadian Baal: at Oemlalee

Charlottetown, PJJ.

BELL s MATHIESON "ml-ten. Beilaitoll. ea n. a. one,

Atill - t-k 10AM! 0N1)?“ ARI-l I'll‘

n s awe ‘l. Dbl-incentiv-

Chieopodlat

spring it ruptures the epidermis o! the old leaf and discharges numerous small spores which larve to propagate it much as do seeds o! higher plants. The spores lodge on the ncw foliage and in the pl . - of “ ' " v BET-min" ate and grow into the lea! tis- sues. 1n the course oi two to three weeks alter germination the scab ruptures the cuticle oi the leaf making a spot of dark olive-

Ie n»: M M @1313 13-H- My" gyggug ~' - -= rm» 1°.'.*h°‘l‘.§"'.'i.'.“i‘.".2’.i2‘.‘".°if'...ﬁii

'2 , liVIﬂ Pi’ t '1‘ l)" 0115"‘ ° -- i‘ 9'5"") ‘NW and violet colours lose colour un- _ _ i - . later laa ate the tout when a sauce was pool-ed orer a lat sei- electric lights which are lheln- _ berqeeaqleataaaaieeuam- salveadatlolautlbiuerqe. i

»-A SA TURDA

‘VIEWS 0F INTEREST

‘ MPIIOVIHENT

IMPERATIVE

of education should be to “W109 the powers and train them into illness tor application Ito real. exhausting. telling hard about.

Conditions o! ruril life should be made so attractive that ti" boys will be impelled t» work 10f sheer love 0t some things We must teach them that the res-l sat- isfying joys o! liie conte from doinl work with the hands and the mind and spirit with the whole nature for the upliiting od the peovle 01 the locality. The worthy mot a for seeking education are that he children might jthereby be ﬂtt9d for making the molt oi Iide itllll and oi the conditions of their homes and locality. Education is needed by each individml as sueh i0 increase his capacity fol’ hi?‘ piness. and to enlarge the means of securing that; also to devoid? his powers of service as a ell-ill’!!- as one of the community"

TAX

wirich all qthers are based.

2. The Attribitive Relation. This is that relation which is 50ml i9 p, noun or 970F101"! by "ill Wm or combination of words which limlig or defines that noun 01' pronoun.

3. The Adverbial Relation. This is that which is borne to a verb or adjective by any W011i. 0‘! oom- binstion oi words, which limits it or narrows the range o! its Bi!!!- iication.

4. The Objective Relation. This is that which is bone by i mun or pronoun when it stands for the object of the action described W the verb. This relation is really one feature oi’ the adverbical re- lation, yet because of its import- ance it gets a separate clasellio- atidn.

the best answer to each)

4. ll is not safe for children to light malt-hes. because (a) it is wasteful. (b) they may set a dang- erous tire, (c) they may bum U161!’ lingers (d) they may be round out.

5, which oi the following are dangerous? (a) Throwing down a lighted match. (b) leaving match- es on top o! the stOVI. (o) kcﬁliinﬂ the chimney clean, (d) ieeviﬂﬂ a hot lire in the kitchm Move when going away, (e) leaving matches where mice may [ind them (f) having wallpaper around the stove-pipe hole, (g) Knowing the location of the nearest lire- alarm box. (h) rceepine oily rm in a closed box or closet.

t-hat as time goes 0n the B00019 of Manitoba will become increas- ingly proud of.

Fmm a tree in lront ot the re- sidence there hangs the old bell. bearing the date i850. used hOt so lung ago to signal the hours of Igbpurkgnd refreshment, fire, flood. the hour of worship. the Plsﬂilil 9f the old yea!‘ and the advent of the n'ew, and sometimes solenm slow tones. the death o! an old friend.

The fiagsts-ii in the southwest

Company's iisg (the Union Jsek with the initials H B O in White letters in the right hand lower corner) gloating in the breeze and alongside a large cannon on s 81in carriage.

SCAB

green color. Prom these spots successive crops of more: an ripened which infect other leaves on the tree and applel if i319? are present. Some spores trom the old leaves on the ground are nearly always ripened and ready to infect the unfolding leaves be- tween the time o! (he pro-pink and pink stages ot bud growth. 'I'his period varies in calendar date from year to year depending upon the weather

_-.__._..

cgrncf of the quadrangle. with the a

conditions. Roman Nearly every year the old leaves Many of these towns were sites continue to discharge spores un- of lbomsn camps. 2. Transisto. a. til the time o! the lirst cover Goose. 4. The United states sol

Grad; VII Br.-l. Francis Clamp- bell.

2. Diana Thomas. 3. Jimmie Duity’ and Lorne Arsenault (euual).

Norman Araensuit.

of the season ls the amethyst. This does not sutipriaa the Gem Society which maintains that the amethyst otters the greatest amount of beauty for the amount oi money o! any of the bet- ter known gems. Gan Society takes exception to the taot that the amethyst been classified as a semi-precious atone. because it. el aeociety. does not recognize the term "semi-prec-

ment should be the amethyst, t stones. "gem etone Society, amethyats were extremely valuable and desilibie hetero disco

thysts have ne

a them. The statement that amour ta

one CHARDOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

- THEEDUCA TIONAL iIORI/ZON I

Y PEA TURE~

TO TEACHERS AND ALL

in soucariou

Iuray. which oomas ruuallyuound June 12. Scab spots on the new leaves are Jrequentiy ready to discharge a crop of spores by the time o! the calyx spray even though the weather may be quite dry during May.

The spores from the old leaves areearried into the trees by wind currents. Those produced from the green leaves and fruit are dislodged and washed down through tahe tree by rain drops. The summer spores are not. oar-

Railroad worm is an insect whim in its larvae lorm tunnels through the apple, making brown streaks in the fruit. It’s work generally does not show much an the outside o1 the fruit, but the inside is odten so honeyoombed that it is spongy and unﬁt lor

use. The adult of this pest is a small ily. a triﬂe smaller than (he common house ﬂy. It has clear wings with black markings. The flies are iound near the trees all during July and part o! Aug- uat. ‘Ihey begin to lay eggs about one week after they appear. _'I'he eggs hatch in a few days, and it the fruit la approaching maturity the larvae develop quite rapidly. The larvae leave the fruit when it aoltens up a bit. burrowing into the soil about two or three

For this resumption o! growth (3) a favorable temperature, and (S) a supply o! oxygen. II any- one o! these isllscking the seed and development the iollnwing oxternai conditions are essential: (1) a suﬂicient supply o! water, will not germinate.

Oxygen: it must be kept in mind that all living cells o! the seed must reapire in order to maintain lite, and that some oxy- gen is necessary in this process. In the resting stage, the seed re- quires very small amounts of oxygen, but when germination starts it demands a greater a.rn- ount. That germinating seeds ro- quire oxygen actively is shown by the large quantities o1’ carbon dioxide they give oﬂ, rind also by the heat liberated in the pro- cess. Even though there is suf- iiclent water and warmth, unless

CONDITIONS AFFECTING

Many seeds planted under the present unfavorable conditionsior germination may fail to germin- ate. Seeds from strong vigorous parent plants usually have larger embryos and a greater amount of stored food than those from weakly parent plants. The vital- ity of the seed is inﬂuenced by the temperature oi the air and the amount oi nwisture in the air at the time the seed is ma- turing. Most seeds ature best under dry aimosph ric condit- ions, and with moderately high

RAILROAD WORM

OTHERS SEEKING

ried by air currents from one tree to another to any appreci- able extent. -

New leaves are more subject to attack by scab than leaves two. weeks or more old. The fruit la susceptible throughout the grow- ing period, yet it must remain wet over a much longer time in the latter part oi’ the season to be iniected. Sulphur sprays are the materials most commonly‘ used for controlling this trouble.

inches. ‘Phere they transform to a non-active sleeping stage. and live thus tbroruh the winter and spring. 'I‘hey_ emerge from the sleeping stage the following July as flies, to begin a new gener-, ation. Some oi idiom live oYIr in; the ground tor m. years bdore emerging.

‘me railroad worm wlll live and deevlop in nearly all varieties 0t apples, including wild seed-

ticuiarly favorable for it, and large numbers of the insects de- velop from such sources. The pest attacks early varieties more rapidly than late ones. and slncc it develops so much (aster in thr- early ones particular attention must be given to the control

.met.hods ‘applied to them.

CONDITION NECESSARY FOR GERMINATION

seeds are planted so that fres- oxygen can reach them, they will not germinate. -

Id seeds are planted too deep in a heavy clay soil, or in a soil that is too wet, they are quite likely to have a poor supply of. oxygen and to germinate slowly. It is true uhsi. some seeds, those of rice. for example. will germin- ate with a very small amount of oxygen, even with that which is present in water in vmich they may be submerged. But, ii tho water is boiled and cooled before the rice seeds are placed in it. and thus most of the oxygen in solution removed. and it tho surface o! the water is covered with a thin ﬁlm of oil to prevent the absorption o! oxygen by the water, the seeds fail to germin- ate.

THE VITALITY OF SEEDS

from seeds which have been ni- lowed to reach lull maturity on the plant. Conditions under which seeds are stored inﬂuence their vitality. Low temperatures and low humidity o! the surrounding air are desirable to prevent ger- mination during storage and to‘ retain the vitality of the embryos.‘ It is well known that seeds grad-I uaily lose their vitality as they: Brow older. As a rule, seeds con» taining much oii. such as those ct corn and flax, lose their vital- ify much more quickly than

I i

temperature. Seédiings are usu- ally most vigorous when grown

l. What makes it possible for reindeer to move freely over snow and ice? I. Docs the por- cupine throw it's quills when it is attacked? S. What use to the zebra arc his stripes? 4., What is the diﬂerence between stalactltes and stalagnlltes? 5. What is the Appian Way? 0. Do ﬂsh sleep with their eyes open? 7. What language would you expect to tind moat useful ii’ you were go- ing to make your home in Brazil? | 8. Is there really a seventeen- year "locust"? i). Virhioh is cold- er, the North Pole or the South Pole‘! l0. To what appearances in the sky are the following words ' applied: cirrus. cumulus. stratus. nimbus?

Answers to last week's Quiz; 1., Ohester is English for the word castra or camp.

MAPLE PLAINS SCHOOL

Rbiiﬂrt for January: Grade IX—l. Josie Murphy. Grade VIII -1. Maurice Murvh!»

Gmde VII Jr.-~l. Phviils Cairns. Grade VI--i. Gerald Murphy. Ctrade LII-l. Lewis ‘Vaish. 2. Mary Conway, Teacher. BEAUTY One of the _hi_gh_-tashimr stones

lea at The American

has

ioua." Believing that an mineral an and lovely enough or adorn- grecloua, including ay sail all Jewel- I. According to the American Gem

vrriea o! llrle deposits in South America. Fine Bibgrllan ame- DQIn ll ;.» live. Oatherine th Great waesxrr- slonately devoted to the met yat d sent thousands ‘o! n

t e Urallsn mines search

Amerlhnn , ‘

seeds containing little oil, such‘ as those of legumes. i

QUIZ

5. One which can be drawn out into a wire. 6. Coastal climate. 7. A water cooled pipe. B. A rope~ ’ walker or rope-dancer. B. Ac-‘ ciamation is approval by the voice .. B10118? applause by voicc. hands»! feet or any method. 10. New York. i1. Brutus. 12. Tungsten.

- -= ,-».=. ~, ._--_-._.-,_.-_..,_..,_._-_._~._._.._qﬁv,

This Department la eon. dusted 2y the Prince Edward Island eachers’ Federation (lontrlbuti are welcomed and should be addressed to Miller Maoliadyln. 8 [-2 Fel- ling St. Charlottetown.

Q 1

Being piped aboard Vanguard, ihcir horse tor the 17-day voyage to South Africa, the King and Queen can bc seen nearest ship, followed by

Queen Mary. Princesses . dab

lings. Uncared (or trees are par- .

race seven‘ --— - - - —— ~ i

TIIE Mutual LIFE

Assurance Company OF CANADA

Established I869 HEAD OFFICE: WATERLOO, ONTARIO

77th ANNIIAI. STATEMENT

Combined Profit and Loss and Surplus Account

(Including-Group Accident and Sickness Branch),

Revenue Basis Year ended December 31, 1946 .

Unassigned Contingency Fund at December 31, 1945 .................... “$1,583,158.71 ‘ INCOME

Premiums for Assurances. ...S22.957,187.75

Consideration for Annuities .......... .. 2,663,337.56 ,

Interest, Dividends and Rents (after

provision for possible future losses) 1053626263 Consideration for Settlement Annuities arising out ofassuranee policiea...... 1,013,827.42 Policy Proceeds, Dividends and Other Amounts left with the Company .... .. 6,663,511.95 ' Net Proﬁt on Sale of Ledger Assets, and Foreign Exchange (aﬂer apply- ing $2,502,804.04 to reduce book value of securities to stabilize futurg ___ interest yields) ...... 382,999.94 . . 544.217.077.30 EXPENDITURES "Death and Disability cmm...::J....s 0,254,936.15 Matured Endowments and Surrender Values ___ ' 5,001,589,71 Anmiity Pay cnta. 372,547.67 Policy Proceeds, Dividends on Deposit and Other Amounts Withdrawn...... 4,200,340.37 General Expenses, coverin the cost oi’ Head Oﬂice and Br Oiﬁoe ad~~ ministration, Commissions. Taxes and other expenses .......................... .. 5,422,830.21 Net Amount by which Lodger Assets were written down................................ 81,521.31 831.333.765.42

Increase in Policy and Siaﬁ Pension Reserves and Amounts on Deposit with the Compally.............................. 1758238566 8,716,651.08 SURPLUS EARNINGS FUR YEAR..- ............ J 5,500,426.28 Decrease in Provision for Dividends payable in subsequent year (a special dividend having been paid in 1946).................. 1,100,000.00

. 51 183,584.96 Increase in Speciﬁc Reserve for Fluctuation in Value of Investments 8,500,000.00

517.683.584.94 DIV IDENDS PAID OR ALLOTTED TO POLICYHOLDERS Special ............................................................. .. 1,358,599.47 Regular 3,909,511.76

8,268,111.23 Unassigned Qoniingency Fund at December 31, 1946......................$l2,4l5,473.7l

Features of 1946 Progress

New Assurances Paid for In 194-6 .......... $104,946,910

Total Assurances in Force on December 31st, 1946.... .. ,l65,736 Total Assets ......... .................................................. .. ..8286,792,678 Total Payments to Policyholdera and Beneﬁcisrieam..." I!‘ 16,897,185 Surplus Earned in 1946.... ........... ..8 5,500,426 LOUIS L. LANG, W. ILSOMERVILLE, C.B.E.,

President Vice-President and General Manager

ﬂllbeivh and Margaret R000. OPIIIII ll!

Royal Tour To South Africa Under Way

Commanders cl the Vanguard are Capt. W. 0. Agnew. lcit, and Com. .7. ELIE. eaeoutire eﬂleer. ‘they met gale ﬁrst by out.