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fi‘ GE 4 THURSDAY, DECEI‘LBER 31, 1964- EThe Old And The New

7: The year 1964 is still with us. though tonight it will pass into lfistory. It will take some time to she it in its right perspective. But we can safely predict that it will show. like its predecessors, bright spots and dark, and that there will he ,hopes to draw from its achieve- ments as well as lessons from its mistakes.

This habit of moralizing is one that we are prone to at this season. and we crave the indulgence of our readers for giving rein to it once again. We try, at every year's end, to come up with some- thing new and sparkling in the way of commentary; but we keep fall- ing into the old cliches, and echoing thoughts that were expressed to better purpose by generations of scribes before us.

It doesn’t really matter, though. Every New Year is a miracle in its own right. and creates an aura of inspiration for whatever words we have at our disposal to express its magic. We feel, somehow, that how- ever smudged the old pages of our reCord may be, this is a new leaf to be turned, with endless possibili- ties. However disillusioned we may be. this feeling of hope and confid- ence revives, and we welcome it in the old way because it is something that men have always felt and talk- ed about. built creeds upon and given devout thanks for.

One of our favorite authors at this season is R. L. Stevenson, who seems to have fallen out of grace with modern readers. We like par- ticularly to recall his remark that we are all “indefatigable adventur- ous pioneers." All of us expect to come out some day on some con- spicuous hilltop, and but a little way further, against the setting sun. descry the spires of El Dorado. And we are comforted by the re- minder that whether we do so or not, all is well if our hearts are in the journey. "For to travel hope~ fully is a better thing than to ar-

rive, and the true success is to labor.” This applies to national and

international affairs, as well as in. dividually. It is as good a thought as any for the United Nations to take with it into the new year. For our parliamentarians at Ottawa, now that they have gotten out of the bog of the flag debate and are girding themselves for some worthwhile work when the session opens in February. For our provin- cial and civic authorities, and for all of us in our private undertakings.

By all means let us have definite objectives, and strive to achieve them! But it is the right spirit that counts. And it is that spirit that we find embodied in the grand old salutation in which we Prince Ed- ward Islanders should take pride in giving trilingual expression to to- marrow:

Bliadhna Mhath Ur! Bonne at Heureuse Annee! A Happy New Year!

Canada's Economy According to a year-end review by Trade and Commerce Minister Mitchell Sharp, the Canadian econ- omy has moved forward with new vigor during 1964, and this achieve- ment, backed by improved perform- ance in world markets and the promise of further gains, has given rise to a new-found confidence within the Canadian business com- Infinity. capital program of the mag- nitude now in prospect bodes well hr the near and longer term future.

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Alber- .

II. I nationally by Thomson Newspapers

Meanwhile, the steady upward trend of personal incomes adds to con- sumer demand and further rein- forces the forward momentum in the economy.

Perhaps the most notable fea- ture of our 1964 development, Mr. Sharp says, has been the remark- able performance in international markets. In the first ten months of the year the value of merchandise exports rose 21 per cent from the same period in 1963. Huge new con- tracts for wheat, together with am- ple supply, boosted shipments far beyond any previous movement. Other items showing substantial gains include pulp and paper, iron ore, base metals, aircraft and auto- motive parts.

Improved access to external mar- kets is emphasized as a key factor in future expansion, and importance is attached, in this connection, to a. successful conclusion of the Ken- nedy-round trade negotiations.

Unfortunately, not all segments of the economy have moved ahead in the manner indicated in Mr. Sharp's report. As noted in a dis- patch in yesterday’s Guardian, the secretary-manager of the Canadian Federation of Agriculture. Mr. Kirk. has sounded a warning with regard to the continued decline in the net average income of Maritime farm- ers. This situation, he says, is not general throughout (‘anada but is concentrated chiefly in the Mari- times.

Rising costs have been eating into farm earnings at a disturbing rate. The unemployment situation, too, remains more of a problem in this area than in other parts of the country. Let us hope that the new year will see an improvement in this regard, as well as in strength- ening the economy generally.

Peanut Butler Battle

The U.S. federal inod and drug administration has launched an odd kind of investigation. It suspects that the peanut butter industry is putting fewer and fewer peanuts in its product and larding it out with heaven knows what unpeanutty sub- stances. It propose that peanuts make up at least 90 per cent of the total weight of peanut butter, and it wants the reaction of the munch- ing public.

This is a thankless undertaking, in the opinion of the Milwaukee Journal. For, as it says, there are no neutrals on the subject of pea- nut butter. Its friends are warm and legion. Its opponents would just as soon see the spread loaded on a large barge and given a decent burial at sea.

This crowd doesn’t care how few or how many peanuts are put in a pound. The peanut butter eaters, on the other hand, are too busy spread- ing the stuff an inch thick on chunks of rye bread, topped with such delicacies as creamed herring, bologna, anchovies and cottage cheese.

Faced with massive indifference on the one hand, and preoccupied munching on the other, the author- ities might as well go back to worry- ing about whether wrinkle remover lotion is a beauty preparation or a drug and forget about counting peanuts.

West Indies Trade

For Maritime exporters, one of the promising signs of the year has been the pickup in trade with the West Indies. According to “Foreign Trade” magazine, we now exchange close to $170 million worth of goods annually. Canadian sales in the first six months of 1964 reached $38.2 million compared with $29.7 million for the same period last year, and the region now ranks as Canada’s third most important Common- wealth market. ,

The principal Canadian exports continue to be the traditional ones we have supplied for over two cen- turies—flour, salted and pickled fish. and meats. However, with ex- pansion has come variation, and Canadian exports now include can- ned fish, milk and other agricul- tural products, and an extensive range of manufactured goods.

EDITORIAL NOTE

Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation has announced that it is offering $65,250 in educational grants and awards for the 1965-66 academic year. The federal housing agency’s program is designed to encourage postgraduate studies and research in housing, community planning and related aubjects at Canadian universities.

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‘ LIWINTER SCENE, EXPERIMENTALMFARM

OTTAWA REPORT By Patrick Nicholson

Probing Use Of Drugs And Pesticides

A special committee of the' House of Commons is making . an important but little» noticed. study, aimed at ensuring' that: Canadians derive the greatest possible benefit from a newv field of discovery. namely syn. thetic chemical substances af- fecting our health.

Three years ago the western; world was slunncd by t c dlS'j covery that a ncw drug was. causing \vidcsprcad dcformitiesl

in unborn babies. This mug, Thalidomide, had been develop- ed in Germany. and placed on the markc: there in 1957 midi later in other countries. Intcnd- - cd for use as a tranquillizcr, it I proved very successful. But mounting evidence forced ihc conclusion that. in ceriaiu cm i cumstances only. it poscd a dnu- I get: if taken durlng the first three months of pregnancy. it could cause those tragic side-ef- fecis. 3 So it was withdrawn from the 1 market in Germany in Novc-nb- . or 1961. and in Britain the ncxt 3 month. But three more, monihn were to elapse before it was“

withdrawn in Canada. f Some Members of Parliament. ‘

rcfleclinz nationwide concern.

questioned whether our govcrn-.

menl was its responsibilities in checking the safety of new drugs before permitting: their public sale.

OUTWEIGH BENEFITS? The Minister of Health in the

then Conservative Government, .

Waldo Momeith, described “the remarkable advances made pos- sible in medical science-by ihe discovcry and dcvclopmcnt of new druzs.”

"The advent of tho so- called miracle drugs.‘ he told the Com- mons. “has enabled our hcnlth professions literally to lift the horizons of me ical knowledge and to brim: about cures which only a few ycars previously would have been regarded nmhin: shorl of miraculous.

adequately meeting 1

(II

This whole process of drug ad- =

vancc is one of the greatest and most beneficial clements of modern civ‘lization. But." added in warning. "like any oth- er aspect of human progress, it is not withoui risk. Experience

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has shown that every drug, houu 3 ever innocuous it may appear,,

does possess some potential for dancer to some people."

Every doctor, for example. knows that the widely. used as- pirin can cause serious side-ef- fects in rare cases. The medical problem is to learn exactly what risks exist, and how to avoid and cure them. rather than to deprive the majority of suffer- ers of a miracle-worker.

As a direct result of the Thali- domide experience. a specie committee of the House of Com- mons was set up. in December 1962. "to consider and report upon the law and practices .6!- lating to the control of the m- troduction, marketing and use of drugs."

At about the same time. North Americans were. to quore Dr. 8.

PUBLIC FORUM

‘l'hle column ll open to the discussion by correspondeniu of questions of In- Ieresl. The Guardian does no neces- sarily endorse the n lnlon of cones pondente. All lclicra published are aub- llul and cnudensatlon where aeusury_ The Guardian ls unabe In later In!» any enrrrrspondenra regard- III Idlers submlttrrl. ' \

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APPRECIATION

Sin—May We. through the of your newspaper. express our sincere thanks and appreciation to the people of Prince Edward Island who have again made the Canadian

Mental Health Association‘s White Cross Christmas Gift project such an outstanding success.

Because of the generous and warm-hearted response to our appeal. both from groups and individuals. the patients at Riverside Hospital enjoyed a much happicr son than otherwise might have been possible.

We arc dccply grateful for the kindly interest thus shown in the work of this Association and in those whom we are try- in to help. On their behalf we afar our thanks to all.

I am. Sir. efc.. URBAN McQUAID, Executive Director.

Christmas sca- :

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Haidasz MP. "stunned by ‘he revelations about chemical pes- ticides." writlen by the US scientist. the late Miss Rachel, carson. In her book “Silent Spring". she described how the indiscriminate and often ignor- ant use of new pesticides are l contaminating our food and our l whole environment. So the com- I mittec was also instructed “to consider and report upon the , danzcrs arising from contamin- , alion of food by the use of chem- E icals to kill weeds, insects and l

other pests." I 1

An exceptionally strong com~ mittee. larger in size and with; a higher calibre of members ,1 than usual. quickly met and laid :

Politics I

down a thorough and far-roam- ing framework for its enquiry. But its probing work was he]

abruptly when the committee

‘ automatically died at the disso-

lution of Parliament early in February 1963.

The incoming Liberal Govern- ment set up a similar commit- tee six months later, to study the same two subjects— but in reverse order.

Last December it made its re- port to Parliament on pesticid- es. Now. a year later, it has ust reported on the safety of drugs. In later columns I will analyze its contribution to the future improved health of the nation.

n Italy

By Doug Marshall Canadian Press Staff Writer

It may seem a political para-i dnx that a righlvwing Socialist. has been elected president of1 Roman Catholic Italy largely; because of crucial backing from I the Communists.

The convolutions of Italy's multiparty politics frequently. puzzle outsiders, but Monday‘s, election of 66-year-old Giuseppei Saragal—after a record-break- ing 13 days and 21 ballots—takes more untanglng than a plate of concealed spaghetti. v

As the first Socialisl head-of-l state in the Ill—year history of‘ the Italian parliament, Saragatl will forsake the main politicall arena and move to a lofticr post I lhaf makes him somethinc of al ficurchead. much like a Cana-l dian covcrnor-ccncral. i ACTS IN CRISIS j

But in times of crisis the prcs- ‘. idenf can cxcrcisc considerableE influcncc by dissolvinc1 Parliaol menl and appointing prime min-l istcrs. in the present. chroni-l cally-unslahlc slate of Italian; politics, a crisis is always justl around the corner. !

Saracai. an ablc foreign min-l ister in Premier Aldo Moro‘s‘ four-parly coalition. is a roman-i tic who likes to pretend he puts , poetry before politics. ‘

But m fact he is a tough andl

determined S o c l a list, seldom out of the limelight, with a po- litical philosophy that has won him warm friends in Britain's Labor Party.

For Italy to elect a Socialist president indicates how far e country has moved to the left in recent. years and holds out the possibility that Moro‘s shaky left-of-centre coalition may soon find itself on firmer ground. NENNI LONG-TIME RIVAL

If nothing else, the election probably means the end of Sara- gat's long rivalry other Socialist leader. Pietro Nenni, the deputy premier who withdrew his nomination to end the deadlock on the presidential balloting.

Saragat broke with Nenni in

‘ 1947 to found the Social Demo-

crat party because he felt the Socialists were travelling too close to the Communists. Now, with Saragal elevated to the presidency, Nenni may be able to take over as leader of both the Socialists and the Social Democrats. and form a unified

rty.

With Italy still facing grave economic problems, any move towards unity and a stronger

icentral government will come

none too soon.

Surrender Ideas

London Free Press

General Dwight Elisenhower seems to be benefitting from an acute case of hindsight when he says now. almost twenty years after the event. that the Allied call for Germany's uncondition- a1 surrender was wron . the err-President also says that Hitler‘s forces were defeated after the celebrated Battle of the Bulge early in 1945.

One difficulty wl-ih this state- ment Is that it ignores the Naz- is' fanatical last - ditch stand. One can go all the way back to D-Day of June, 1944, and argue with equal force that Germany was theoretically beaten when she failed to repulse the Allied landings.

But no enemy that, keeps on fighting is beaten. It took anoth- er eleven months after D-Day to

light through to Berlin, eve 11 though Hitler must have known that every mile of the Allied ad- vance was sealing his fate. Most.

of his generals realized that de- feat was inevitable.

Historians and military men have debated ever since the end of that war whether Roosevelt's slogan of "unconditional sur- render" was wlse. Did it have the opposite effect, of making the Nazis fight even more fero- clously?

The question seems an aca- demic one, though, because it ignores the basic faor that we were not fighting a rational leader. If we had been. would have asked for p e a c e terms after the liberation of Paris and long before one Allied foot was set on German poll.

But this madman chose to die in his Berlin bunker as his city and his dream of a thousand- year Reich crashed in flames around hnm. He did not want to

live to sign any document of surrender, uncmditional or oth- erwise.

Mr. Lomontogne’s Advice

Toronto Globe and Mail

Secretary of State Maurice Lamontagne mingled tears and temper in his statement to the House of Commons concerning his methods of buying furniture on credit, and concluded with a piece of advice. The tears had to . do With his financial problems. i the temper with. as he put if.l "the falsc rumors and malicious insinualions circulating the cor- ridors and galleries of Parlia~

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menl or in newspapers on this subject."

Then came the advice: “if you I have to buy furniture, pay cash. , If you should buy on credit, and : your dealer subsequently he-. comcs bankrupt. then you and your family will indeed be sub- jected in some very trying ex- periences. especially in terms of the other sacrifices which need lofbe made to slay in publlc I 9...

Mr. Lamonlagne could have

added to his advice. And if you cannot pay cash, he could have said, make an arrangement with your editor for a recogniz- ed and accepted payment plan. which includes a c a rry i n g charge and a due date. In a country which is exceedingly well acquainted with instalment buying and its usual accompani- ments of interest (all the way from fair and disclosed to exor- bitant and concealedi and regu- lar monthly payments. Mr. La- montagne‘s kind of never-never plan (no carrying charge, no due date) is certainly different.

Politicians who extend Mr. Lamontagne'a advice to cover such mundane matters- and head 11- will not find themselv- es ancounterlu false rumors and malicious insinuatious alth- er in the corridors and galleries of Parliament as- ln newspapers.

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with Italy's ‘

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Fat Children Are Inactive

Dr. needs" R. Van Deneu Tba overweight pra- school child ls likely to be a scent and adult unless he beco

eat less and mes more ac- tive. In addition, heavy youngs- tare

clonal prob camel weight. This may aggra- vale the condition because they tend to eat more to compensate for tension and other psychic difficulties.

It is not always easy to deter- mine whether a young tot is ob- ese The appearance of the cliild elves a clue—folds of fat under the chin and a pendulous abdo- men. If the scales shows an ex- cons of to 25 per cent above normal for height, he's tat.

Many of these boysand girls are taller and heavier than oth- ers of the same age. But weight is not the only criterion, espec- ial-1y when the child is short. Such youngsters often thin out when they go through a growing

The causes of obesity are too many calories and not enough exercise. Glandular disorders ame responsible in only a few. Now and then heredity plays a role but it may be family eating habits rather than the genes. It often is difficult to determine whether excess appetite came first, leading to emotional prob-

, r vice versa.

On the other hand, many

overweight children have beha-

are withdrawn and unhappy be- cause they are objects of ridicule and excluded from . Excess fat in the mammary areas is embarrassing for the