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~ aEMANAG FOR OCTOBER, 1885. MOONS CHANGES,
Oaarter Ist day, 7h l7m., a. m.
aati \ , ;
~s Moon 7th day, 3h, 19m., a. m.
© -— > ‘ .
vipet Quarter, 15th day, 9a. 5m., p. m,
Pal! Moon, 23rd day, 5h. 19m., p m. Last Quarter, 30th day, 'h, 45m. p. m.
ens Sun |Sun Moon|High | Days
nw TREK ' ’ 4 Ba Ov WEEK -i..s\sets | rises | water|len’h
—— ««
ohm b maft’n aft’n bh m WThursday (6 3,5 36.10 57; 3 45 11 33 gi Friday | 5| 34\mern| 510 29 3. Saturday 6 3210251637) 26 {/Sunday 1... Se 5 Monday | @ 28 249; ® 27 19 6, Tuesday 10 26, 4 1) 9 3 >
]| Wedueaday 12 a 5 12'10 14)
alThareday | 13 22! 6 22,10 52| 9 @ Friday |} 14 20 7 29/11 28 = =66 10 Saturday | 16, 18 8 34 morn 2 isuadsy =s«|s«di7|s«6:«9 36. «0 5)10 59 i'Monday | 18] 1410 34,041! 56 13 Tuesday | 20 13/11 26) 1 2 53 14, Wednesday | 21) Iljafti4 2 0| £0 ij Thursday | 23, 9 057,248 46 16 Fricay | 24l 7| 1 35) 3 45 43 Ij Saturday =| 25 | 2 91450 40 18 Suaday 27 4| 2 40, 6 6 37 19 Monday a 338 87 it “ss 90 Tueslay 29 0 337'8 6 3 9] Weduesday , 33455 4 5 850) 2 92 Thursday 3'| 56 4 35, 9 Si Les 24 23 Friday 32) 55 5 7j/10 10, 2! 4/Saturday 3t 53 5 4710 47; 18 95 Sua jay ' 35 51' 6 24/11 2 15 95 Moaday | 36 50 7 idlaft 7! 12 27 Tuesday 34} 48) 8 8 O 49 9 25; Wedaesday | 39 47; 9 10) 1 36 9 gthurssay | 41 451017/228 3 90 Fad y ; 43, 4411 26! 3 32) 0
j6 495 42;morn| 4 49 9 57
$limaturday
NOTES.
The Dachess of Edinburgh’s birthday, the 17th
The battle of Trafalgar (1805) the ?lst.
sie Statfurd Northcote’s birthday (181%) the Mth.
fu this month the moruings decrease 51 ininates ; the afternoons | bour, 3 minutes
fd RALLWAY T1iflé TABLE,
For the convenience of the travelling pubuc, we have carefully arranged the fol- lowing table of arrival aud departure of trains on the P. E. Island Ra@tiway, accord- ing to local time :— e
Going West. Pn eek ae DROOOWE kc cee 647 912 402 Royalty Junction.......... 702 947.42? North Wiltehire........... 7347 10329 509 ee Ec... ccee 747 1055 5 22 i alle 8i2 1132 68657 Re dhws tues otha d1i9 1143 607 la 8329 1159 622 P° mM. SINGS 05 sh cccseed 842 1222 6 42 OCs ccc 9e7. 12.67. 7:42 Summerside, “ depart...... 927 237 SET dine whic «soso on y¥42 300 i srsestocoeces 1001 329 eR ef 1029 420 SD ose. cccuce tas 1122 642 Mls cess. .cetes 1205 657 ince o cd. ore 1242 747 From West. P.M. A. M, ee ae 207 647 or eddies vccocnéia 245 7 57 TE ipetconccacesvadven an a Port tia egies tn coe cl 420 1029 LS... <8. i 449 11 16 isatsccecec sata 507 1144 ey 522 1207 Summerside, A. M. depart,.....642 112 657 Pansington iicoeaet kos at 607 149 7 . ES cc cece cceenucad sm 333 74 MUNN -.. .cccccewece 632 227 803 seipibens Elieenik comune 638 237 812 es ance ka ed 702 315 847 North Wiitehire........... e 2 332 20 Royalty Junction.......... 747 432 947 Charlottetown............ 802 462 1007 Going East. aa. 6S NN... oo cele 707 417 bs i Dibesoces ccen bhbd akc 7@.4 Mi sec nececcéceecensaueun 804 4 Mount < ONTIVE 6c Ces $37 522 oa ee | dentibics cial 857 527 SAU bb's vccus e600 bkigunan 942 5656 Ss. Se ieks once ccs das enie 1015 617 Bear NG eb iis owcecekbteia 1L07 652 MG A ihe coc cc bua lbeerce 1157 722 Mount Stewart.................. 902 532 MN 66 000s. dé cceseen 1015 625 Pe ee 1037 642 From East, A.M. P.M. i... 647 212 Bear Raver oe ee ee - 17 3 02 St. Peter's... nikc pb debe ene oun 752 354 Mt dees can chuessuwce 814 427 Motint ; BETIVEOLS 2 05 eens 842 6517 Beds ant, depart....... 847 537 — Rebeae sos vce decewitind 912 614 Td decocececese cbuliai.u 926 635 Gentiottetown ee soo namena en .952 712 e 26 ‘ Gargano 400 NE, os en ae $42 512
Mclean, Martin, & MacDonald
BARRISTERS, ATURNEYS - AT-LAW,|
Notaries vublic, &c. BROWN's BLOCK, CHARLOTTETOWN, A 4. MACLEAN, L. LB. | BD, C. MARTIN, H. ©. MACD NALD, B A.
rterly, half yearly or yearly advertire- |
iy €xXaminer.
Vhis is true Liberty, when Fr3e-born Men, having to advise the Public, may speak free,”"—Evxirtwks.
CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1885,
FALL SPENING!
STANLEY BROS.,
BROWNS BLOCK, OPPOSITE MARKET HOUSE,
RE now — Millinery Goods,
j Dress Goods, Mourning Goods, Mantle leths, | A Ulster Cloths,
ersey Cloths, Straw Hats, Shapes and Felt Hats, Gloves, Hosi ery, &c.
A Large Assortment! Low Prices |!
j |
White, Gray and Print Cottons, Wincies, Towels, Towellings, Cretonnes, Pillow Cottons |
jand she tings, very cheap
A large stock of Gray Flannels and Fleeey Cottons, at extraordinary low figures.
STANLEY BROS., Brown's Block.
| Ch’town, Sept. 24, ’85—eod wky }
MAGNET SOAP,
i
t
| (WARRANTED PURE.)
£08 meinen
F|MILS SOAP is made from the BEST MATERIALS, and is Superior to any similar article manufactured. For general household and family use it SURPASSES all others.
Kes It will be to Your fiterest to Try it. FOX SALE WHOLESALE BY
FENTON T. NEWBERY.
July 22nd, 1885--6mos
‘et ee a ¢ } ah ee © Se 6 onl a: — Uv co o- a ae © = % UO v — 6 2 ~ Oo § v oo v i «> > 33 ° ~ = 5 By mS T i. WY) ee A. 8 SEIS o . « — See mh” 55s = Fa Ss & S a Fos . en a a a - oa: 8 & a & a 0.5 8 5 oe ae = a S PANS o Gre. & Dae are == yo ¥ a326 6 ne 0 & 252 in aw > 3 > Acre | BOs ii a ° x - BE g 42s is 5 £2 & QNiy = 1 XK om © oe —= 2 fq ae 42 Hh ity T} > 3 278% 7s ae = Pe“ OT eile ? mpd oO Wik a. nw x “ y Be * 2 ia hi sBAaE iM en He 38 \ | LO =" @ Ps “sor as ei 23 ad 208s 0 ROB { 50 ' il
Ceneral Agents for the Maritime Provinces; or by their Local Agents in every County.
For full information apply to E. Kinsman, Summerside, General Travelling Agent for P, E, Island; Stewart & Farquharson, Managers of cur Branch Warehoure, Charlottetown :
THE “REAUME” PLOW.
ce Se ~ oe = 0.5 & S = iy ~~. poe SED ” = oD aie : : _ t= 83 oe a pa sie a) ian fq vo = 9 ¥ oe < ET meg : _—) 3 : UF & . >. & ever get o Z£eS ee “ PSS Su Soe a ow : C*-F ma Se 8 eS . . a Chats ea cee || CRS gs: eQes nae Ss Va > = fs a UY 2 «a, 33 2 = £ Ot EB “ 3 ~o BYoC oo & ae lca ae 5 i oy = . om ee oA a Ps x SON sieg a, 3 oe eo EE @ £&e¢ om Cone — os oe el ee = <x Sit Quem ao o ne 2 2 o e¢ o Oo a oe S432: & »@ £ ee . Oa. 8 & a a 5 . — 5 ao0hO @« A ~~ YD _
carvan |
ROYAL GANADIAN INSURANCE CO. FIRE.
CAPERAE., ° , * . re : ms
_—-—+ 0——————
HEAD OFFICE—Mountreal. HALIFAX BRANCH --J. Scott Mitchel], Agent.
ree)
Risks Taken on Most Favorabic Terms. AGHKNT FOR PRINOE KDWARD ISLAND:
- 7, 4, ARNAUD,
$2,000,000
Faly 4 dly—iaw wicydus ber pres
WENCMANTS BANK OF TIALIFAX -
Ob” an, Jun, 1885
The Hygiene of Schools.
A PAPER READ BEFORE THE TEACHERS IN CONVENTION BY JAMES MACLEOD, M. D. The subject of my paper requires that I
should refer briefly to the hygiene of the
school-room, THE SITR OF THE SCHOOL-HOUSE should be chosen with care and the build-
ing should be so situated as to receive the direct rays of the sun in each room during some partof the day. It should not be in the vicinity of a pond or swamp, as damp- ness is a most serious fault in the site of a school building. It is also very desirable to restrict school-houses in towns, where Jand is valuable, to two stories. Girls in
| their teens should not be required to climb
many stairs, as the fatigue tells upon them; and this climbing many stairs may lay the foundation of illness and weakness in after life. THE HEATING AND VENTILATION of the school-room are vital qustions, and oftentimes not of easy solution, It is re-| marked by writers on this subject that the school-room has its characteristic odor, as a prison has. This should not be so. Fre- quent washings, not only of the floors but of all the furniture of the room, would obviate this. How can proper ventilation be effected in our, schools? The clore stove, placed somewhere near the door, is the usual means of heating the room, and as it is the property of heated air to ascend,. children’s feet are often in a cold stratum | of air while their heads are enveloped in a| warmer air—a state of things I need not | say, highly undersirable under any circum- | stances, but particularly prejudicial to | those who are engaged in mental work. Comparatively pure air is found to contain 44 parts of carbonic acid, in 10,000 parts. From tests made and reported, 1 give the following assome of the results obtained : A close bedroom, in the morning, was found to contain 48 parts per 10,000; a crowded lecture-room, st the close of the lecture, 67; a school-room, 72 Another school-room with one window open gave 17, window e!osed for ten minutes 32, and at the same ratio 110 would have been reached in one hour, As 200 parts show the degree of contamination, at which air can no longer sustain life, the children in this particular school-room would have been atthe end of one hour balf poisoned! Theoretically an hourly removal! of air per head of 3,500 cubic feet is required. OUR SCH OL ACT
provides that ‘‘at least 150 cubic feet of air should be allowed for each scholar, and a school-room to seat forty, should therefore be about 25 by 20, and 12 feet high.” Now, if we ventilate thisschocl at the assumed rate of 3,500 feet per scholar per hour, 140,009 cubic feet of air per hour must be removed, that is the entire air must be re- moved 23} times in an hour, or in less than 24 minutes, or if the requisition of fresh air be reduced from 3,500 cubic feet to 2,000, considered the minimum allowance, the air will have to be changed 13} times ir an hour, or every 43 minutes. But this rate of change of air {(about three times desir able) would create a draught dangerous to the health of the children; for though im- pure air is a poison,draughts are no less to be avoided as they have dangers peculiar to themselves. In cold weather, the cold and pure air has to find its way into the ordinary school through cracks in the floor, windows and door, and the colder the day the greater the effort of excluding it, as much as possible, and retaining the warm air, no matter how much vi'iated it may be by frequent breathiogs Impure air, though seeking the ceiling, will descend with its impurities when cooled, and if not expelled will be again inhaled into the lungs. It is
A COMM ON ERROR to suppose that cold air is necessarily pure.
The really dangerous impurities of air in an iil-ventilated room are the organie matters
thrown from the lungs and sur face of the cesupants. With the increase of these, there is a propor- ticnate increase of carbonic acid. The in-
crease, therefore, of the latter can be taken as an index to the increase of the impuri- ties in any given case. A common and easy test of the purity or impurity of the air is this: Fill an eight-ounce bottle with pure distilled or rain water. Empty out the water in the room to be tested. Inte this bottle then pour half an ounce of pure lime water, and shake thoroughly. If the contents become milky or turbid, more than eight parts of carbonic acid are present. I! the same quantity of lime water becomes turbid in a six ounce bottle, eleven parts or more are present ; if in a two-ounce bottle, forty parts. External air at or below the freezing point contains little moisture. Air heated from 10 degrees to 70 requires nine times more moisture at the istier tem- perature than at the former. To supply this want, an evaporating pan should be placed on the stove, otherwise the air will abstract the requisite moisture from the persons of the occupants of the room, thus often creating a parched and feverish condi- tion. Through J. De: ress, E-q., Inspec. tor of Schooler, Ontario, I quote Dr. Bell, in the New York Sanitarian, as saying: ‘Ths poisonous efuvia whichpervad:s the atmosphere is not only re-breathed, but i adheres to a!l the surroundings ; it sticks to the floor, wall and furniture, and per- meates the clotaing. Besides lessening the vital foree, it predisposes to blood poison- ing, and becomes a hot-bed for the recep- tion and propagation of such poisons as scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, and a source of scrofula and copsumption.”” This puts
THE EVILS OF BAD VENTILATION IN A NUT- SHELL,
and all medical testimony corroborates the statement. In order to keep our school- rooms pure, not more than 10 or 12 parts of carbonic acid should ever be exceeded The space per pupil of 160 feet as pre- scribed by the Bducation Act is too small,
| clothing. must be taken into account.
Proper ventilation would, as I have already
shown, cause dangerous draughts, espe:
cially in very cold weather. The cubic space per pupil should not be less then between 250 and 300 feet, and the air allowance per hour not less than 2,000 feet. Ventilation by the windows will be found to be the most practical and on the whole the best method, All windows should be provided with pulleys. For winter strip of board the length of the window frame, the width of the opening and the thickness of the frame under the lower sash,” is recommended to be placed in the open space below when the lower window is raised a few inches. In this way draught at the bottom will be avoided, and the air gaining an entrance between the two sashes is shot upwards clear of the child- reps heads, or the strip of board can with equal advantage be placed at the top on lowering the upper sash. The open stove combining the advantages of the box- stove and the open fire-place, is to be highly recommended for schools, though
‘perhaps in very cold weather this would ‘require to be. supplemented by a close
The teacher should NEVER OMIT A RECESS
of from five to ten minutes at the end of every hour, opening wide windows and
stove.
se a!
Suvcir Copies Two Crnts,
VOL. 17--NO. 123,
boards of heaith. Thus, by a systematic vigilance, could diseases be prevented froim Spreading through the agency of our public | schools.
(Concluded in over i
| |
| Obituary. | Ancus McDonatp, Ese. a well-known | pioneer-farmer, departed this life on Wed- -nesday evening last, at bis residence, Black | Bash, Lot 45. The deceased was born in |the third year of the present century, and | was consequently in his 82nd year. Mr. /McDonald, though a farmer all his life, | took an active interest in the aff.irs of his country, and applied himself assiduously to the advancement of his native place. He | was a man of pleasant, unassuming man- |ners, much beloved in the community /Where he resided and respected for his many amiable qualities by all with whom : he was acquainted. His remains were fol- \lowed to their last resting place, at St. |Margaret’s Cemetery, by a large funeral |cortege, the number of carrieges bearing striking evidence cf the esteem in which he | was held by friends, far and near. A re-
i |
doors, and turning all the children out for, quinm high mass was said for the repose of
arun, not forgetting himself to join them.
his soul by Rav. Gregory McDonald, P. P.,
Extreme cold should be no excuse for the! Previous to his interment, when all that
omission of this practice, for cold and pure
air I again repeat, are not necessarily
identical The supposed loss of time would
‘be an actual gain not in health merely,
but in the amount of work daily accom- plished. The temperature of the room should be between 60 and 70°, and every school should be supplied with a thermometer, but the habits of the children in their homes, their food and One rule only is absolute, viz. : that the chil- dren feel comfortable, but it must not be forgotten that any person may become tender and delicate by accustoming himself to an over-heated room, and I am persuad- ed thac the teacher has more weed to guard against undue heat rather than cold in our school rooms. The school room
MUST BE ABUNDANTLY LIGHTED ;
the windows not less than 4 feet from the floor, as light which falls at the level of the eye dazzles and is hurtful, and they should extend upwards as near the: ceiling as practicable, as the most useful light is that which strikes the desk as nearly as possible ataright angle. Light from the left is re- garded as the best ; that from behind not objectionable; that from the right is ob- jectionable, inasmuch as the pupil's hand will interfere, but light from the front is highly objectidhable, blinding the pupil and tending to short sight. It is ascertain- ed that most children at the age of five or six have normal vision, but with increase in age a regular increase of near-sight is ob- served. Cities show a higher percentage than rural] districts, and other things being equal, those who study most are affected most, and the poorer the light the greater the proportional increase, an imperfect light and long effort fatiguing the eye. Nor is the evil confined to the first sufferer merely, for myopic parents are apt to have myoptic children, THE CAUSES OF NEAR SIGHT ARE
briefly these: depressed general health, headache, excessive heat upon the head and cold feet—circumstances favorable to con- gestion of the head. These contribute to weaken the power of the eye. and toincrease its watery contents. The coverings of the eye are, moreover, very elastic in youth, andas the eye weakens. the habit of bringing the book nearer and nearer to it is acquired, the watery conten‘s still further increase, and the result is lengthening of the eye—near sight, or myopia, as it is called. The period for development of this disease is from ten te fifteen years, the period of the most rapié growth of the body.
THE LESSONS
to be learnt from these ascertained facts, and the remedy to be applied, are manifest, vz.: to supply good light, and to shorten the hours of study. I may here say that Englishmen enjoy greater exemption from near sight than the Germans or Americans, and that their fondness for outdoor sports is assigned as the canse, Let me briefly enumerate some of the rules laid down for the care of the eyes :— Room cool and warm, nothing tight abou’ the neck, plenty of light, sunlight not directly on work or in front, the head no bent very much over work, the page not less than fifteen inches from the eye. Communicable eye disease, whether of catarrhal inflammation cr of severe purulent opthalmia,Jare not commonly met with in our schools, but 1 have known cases thus communicated in town and country schools, It is proper, therefore, for the teacher to exclude from his classes every popil suffering from any inflammatory catarrhal affection of the eye, because ail such are highly contegious, In regard to contagious diseases in general, the usual practice in this country is to close the school, and this though by no means an economical one, and though unfair to children free from infection, is to be recom- mended in the absences of proper legislation relating to public health.
THERE ARE AT PRESENT INDICATIONS
that diphtheria is on its way, and with smal)pox almost at our very doors and scarlet fever endemic, no time should be lost in urging upon our Legislature the pressing neel of a public health act. Once having the necessary legislation and having boards of health appointed with some re- gard to their intelligence and fitness (the menner of their appointment in this city by a popular vote, cannot be too strongly con- demned) physicians would be required to report to the local board of health, all cases of contagious diseases observed by them, the board would, in its turn, inform the teachers of schools, and the teachers, on such information, would exclude pupils, from all houses reported, from school at- tendance for a sufficient length of time. A!so, disinfection of premises and all other necessary powers would be vested in such
was mortal of a kind husband and an indul-
| gent father was laid to rest amid the silent
i
meajority.—Requiescat in pace. (Journal please copy.) ee A Nova Scotian Murderer.
CRAZED WITH DRINK CONFESSES HIS CRIME— CARELESS ABOUT HIS FATE—THE DETAILS TOO HORRIBLE TO RELATE.
Cuicaco, Oct. 6 —The story of John M. Wilson, who staggered into the 12th street station on Saturday night, proclaiming him- self a murderer, has proved to be true. In his drunken manner he told of the horrible manner in which he killed Anthony Daley, a farmer of Ivy Hill, Pa., in February, 1884 ; how, after he had worked for him, he asked for money and, on being refused, visited a neighboring village and got crazy drunk. Returning, he stealthily entered the sleeping room of Daley, and, picking up a meat cleaver, brained the sleeping victim. The details tollowing are almost too horrible to relate., The murderer de- liberately hacked the body to pieces, sewed the severed members in a bag and dumped them into the river. When sufliciently sobered to realize the horrible deed he had committed he fled the country, arriving in Chicago after almost two years’ wander- ings. Wilson was seen in his cell at the police station last night. He is a small man, about twenty-seven years of age, a native of Nova Scotia, where his parents ard relatives reside. Since his errival in this city he has worked for a mi'/kman on Wentworth avenue. He says he has been nearly frantic ever since he committed the deed and has vainly tried to drown his re- morse with liquor. Twe weeks since he met a child greatly resembling that of the man he had murdered. Since then he has known no peace of mind, and on Saturday night got drunk and hired a boy to take him to the police station where he made his confession. When told that his stery had been verified by Philadelphia detec- tives, Wilson expressed po surprise ; if anything, appeared pleased at this informa- tion. As to his punishment he appears somewhat careless what disposition is made of him. He would rather not be hanged, he seys, but seems to think that will be his fate.
> aacaeconan.
The Extent of the Epidemic.
(Montreal Gazette.)
The work of the Isolation commitice, which made its r port to the Board of Health yesterday, indicates the existence of about ene thousand cases of emalipox m the city, mainly in the easterly wards, the
number of infected houses being about one-fourth less. This is really the first estimgte of the extent of the diseneo, hea on actuel count, that has been
made, and while it is not to he presumed that it covers every caae in the city, yet there is good reason to believe that the whole number is very little, if at all, in ex- cess of that stated. The heavy mortality which might cause people acquainted with the true fects to think that this estimate is too sal), it must be borne in mind, is largely among children and these un- vaccinated. ’
NOTICE
To Our Numerous Customers.
On account of the tobacco crop of 1883 being so poor, we cid net buy much, and selected only the best of it, aS we alWays wish to keep our “T. & B. Myrtie” brand up to the standard ; and therefore there may be a scarcity of “T. & B. Myrtle” Piug for a short time. If such is the case there will be a fall supply on the market by the end of 0 -teber.
The tobacco we are now about to manufacture is the finest we have evet had, and we knew it will please our humerous customers.
Yours respectfally,
GLO. E. TUCKETT & SON.
a LET-—-The Dry Good Stcre on Queen Street, lately ocenpied by Mr, Jeves Shand. Ajply to M. Stevenson. marv3 tf
Pe ee