flight iiiiMiiifi

|Ravases of scab are often attribu-

K easrasues

. m5 Note.) bu; vegetables utiveiy Sh"! iopineiit are once durum “age kitchen n. shown that . crops is both l, and althoush may be in a the later ma- e nevertheless “ble during the ugh is as ac- gust and Sep- cri-sp fresh let- as good a salad -. early summer; avourita dish at r; and late gar- ts always seem lglif. time rangement and t varieties. such . made to follow making the gar- lve and elimina- paces Late cab- splanted into the t ‘by early peas;

w reddish or let- _ _ will guggegglully Kill-cars within ?-i iioirrs from il-t e earliest vege-

ion Experimental xvllle it has been most satisfactory - planting, and the - hiich they may be

nted, are as fol

ria. August 5th ch ‘Breakfast, Aug

. Rapids, July 15th etroit Park Red

t, Chanfcnay, July account of an impervious subsoil.

" xton, July 5th. opeuhagen Market

3m“. Suowbaunlune‘ incnt to the farm. it will c-tiablc

owings tho send re

or covering than if the insurance against

spring. During

its the surface tf the {lie hot and us iuliy rnlt of germination. there-

,»,‘ iallow will, .1. poorly, and ‘ring the first

tho depth at.

ne to two inches.

riuformation on this

- cannot easily

. “f” or iiinp is essential. On it should . may get alarm‘! ‘Mn be placed the data obtained from (“'3' a survey of the surface of the “i it m9 Ymmg ‘Wis farm, contours marked and drains ble to reach moisture. ‘Vlllfh nianciit record and will save tinio lilllll be placed is gov- ctlfilllll at which moist work. A number of ioiind. This will usual-

ted to imperfect pollination or frost when in reality black spot oi- scefb is the cause of the loss. Cool, moist weather, such as we have in spring, is the moat favourable for the development of scab, whlhh spreads but little during the sum- mer. Tlius the important sprays "t? the. early ones. lit prevents the llevfllfiilltient of the germinating BPOTB- The bulletin here referred i-O Boos very thorough-ly into the de. tails of the collie-anon, sprung and management of the lpplg or. chard.

FARM DRAINAGE -_.__-l iEXPHPImontaI Farms Note) ‘flio ili-ninngo of farm ianfh, sihould receive increased atten- t on. Many farms and even whole districts arc not as fertile and |Ptoductive as they would be if _il'..i:iiod. A drainage eystcii. is ossciitial in this humid. temperate tum“ 0f hOB-VY rainfalls .For tunntoly _'li oughoul the yv-(ilvry ‘furl oi ‘ausfun (‘unnda th re ‘is adequate natural (lrainago, The |l'lfl(l is rcllng or hilly. The face fuiziii run i5 lulu-e or t ill" ‘"5 "11 \‘- ‘fir. even aftzr ill bv-uviost l'.'lii'.\' cf sin-tutor. flu.

a ._.

.. wt} ll '_|,. y; I

"l-crc are mil-y farms thri‘. have fairly good' natural drainage but not sufficient to remove the water quickly after heavy rains and spring frosiiets. These euu usually be greatly improved by u system of surface drains includ- ing tho plowing of fields in lands so that each dead furrow may he a drnin with a definite outlet.

Heavy soils and lands that so that the natural tiruinage be determined qusually require uiiflerflralnagc. A -soil is frequently cold and wet on

lie

‘Other soils are of very little agri- cultural vuiue because of seepage. , Tho tile draining of such as these is a valuable permanent iiuprovo-

the farmer to seed his crop earlier _ nnd to grow healthier and inuch larger crops. it will be better than drought and spring frost. it will increase profits and save valuable fertiliz- ing ingredients from being wasti- ed from tho surface of the soil.

For any drainage work a sketch

located; then it serves as a. pre-

- and labour iu future drainage permanent land-marks should be located and

THE CHARLOTTE'IL(_)_V_VN GUARDIAN

HOW TO START A FLOWER . GARDEN

Written for tho Canadian Horti- cultural Council

After the necessary grading is done. decide on and mark out the main walks. These may be gfggp

0|‘ gravel at the discretion of the

Rrower. if they are to be of gra- vel. remove six inches of the sur- face grass on soil (more if you care to) and replace with gravel. The space assigned to the lawn should be dug over and may be 9995B‘! 1° Brass in April or early n May. Assuming there is grass already present and in fair con- dition. cut it as short as possible "-114 Bliroad over a thin layer of rotten manure and fine soil. If swept about at weekly intervals, this will work in thc uneven parts and level the ground.

A Good Beginning

Whether it is intended to groiv flowers, fruitsor vegetables, the ground should be spaded to a depth of_18 inches at least, or better still. tronchcd to a depth of 1% to 2 fcct, and rough, strawy manure worked into the bottom soil; With the surface eighteen inches, well rotten manure and bone meal should be incorporat- ed. A good beginning makes all the difference in tho ultimate success or failure of a garden.

The next procedure will be to decide where the hedges, if the space warrants them. are to be, to separate thc vegetable plots from the flower borders and lawn. There are several good evergreens available for the purpose. The Publications Branch of tlic Depart iucut of Agriculture at Ottawa, will supply a pamphlet on this subject on request.

Tlic Japanese rose, Rosa rugosa provides a useful informal hedge. The rambling roses make splend- id screens traliied to a wooden trellis or skeleton wooden fence. but require winter protection. the garden is large ‘enough a pergola of roses and other climb- ers is always an attraction, with

at one cnd. Tho path beneath the pcrgoia may be pavodwlth stones of varying sizes. Failing apergola. introduce arches and pillars (rough poles eight to ten twelve feet high) for rambling

What Plants to Choose

manent. easily cared for garden is the question of

inanencc. Naturally, locality

measurements marked on the map from these to the

eto your nearest Ex- (lffllhh-

rm or Station.

l; 9F AppLE SQAB fall us uniform us

rip ei-tlte Orchard im-

portarit.

i times to spray

in laying out systems of tile it is important to kccp tho slope or possible. it should not be less than 2 lnclioi-i per 10f) fcot, and whcre ,churgeil suddenly a silt basin should lie built. Three-inch tile is_the sniall-

‘hclost profitable size. and as

volume of gathered water increas-

il is n “latter of com cs so tho tile should be iiicreusuti

t (ifftllilftlliilfl.

minlon

make at least ‘flv

control apple scab ef-

hail seasons. lu tii

o author. Mr. M. B. s chief assistant hor- t‘ importance of early

insurance against th

as been neglected and o much in the past. it prays, he says, which man the early spring to

"TOD. The ‘wise

p set. b is a disease

I ‘io start

- infest the young cing new spores iii YS- B)’ the time the

' ‘ ready io burst thoro i y

millions of lheau tolinfcct ihoni. At this lstii. which will ulti- “m? a" flilnle. ls‘ very attacked by u ggrmln. Which sends out roots the skin, ‘will be killed 08H of a crop ruined.

$1 908. 1 1 from Eight Cows

This la the revenue the Renfrew Cream Separator brought to Mrs. William Harrison of Conn, 0nt.——

not a guesoubut

story of dairy profits made possible by the marvelous

Renfrcw Bowl.

It's the special construction of this delicately

balanced part

‘hrlcuitural College test that showed a ion of only one pound of‘ butter fat in 10,000 pounds of’ milk. Close skimming means real profl Itruction of the Renfrew Bowl plus 21 other uciuoive features will help you realise these profits.

Will you do what Mrs. Harrison did-or on your

pronto slipping Icparntor F

Write to-day for Catalogue _ M1 Ronfrow Machinery - I Co. Limited i IIIIII» I. ll. Iliad Ollloei

Rellluv, I Montreal,

- . Iilvuubcc. Wis II. l. A.‘

tr the lonhow h‘: T You about the In moi lulu and lcnfrow league.

“viii 118N001! "lh will to

that reproduces itself by iuute that they cannot 1 with the naked oyo. eathur thecomcs sufll-

tlio trees. .~l f re liberated .from the (‘mm-Gum by ‘upping m“ “Pu or

Iqtum .until the nialii drain for a twenty- t experiment“ “riled acre field having a fall of 5 inches vision M Hormmmirelper hundred feet shoiiid be Experimental

tlincd in n recently ls- i on “Modern Orchard it appears absolutely

laid with six inch tile. The distance between tiio drains is. governed largely by thc depth at which they arc laid. Much tiiu has been laid 9 froui 21/, to 3 feet bclow tho sur- face. The present tendency is to e lay tile shallower. At these dopths for field crops it is usually suffici- out to place drains 100 fect apart. Then, should it be found necess- e ary, others can be laid between, making them 50 feet apart.

Tho efficiency of . all depends largely n00" l1 factory outlet. lt must bc large enough for the illlflmfl" “ml b" low enough to drain the tilo dry when they aro flowing. ‘

J. A. CLARK Superintendent

drains satis-

TREAT GRAIN FOR SMUT

Smut on barley can bo. citslly 1O minutes in a solution of ono pint of 37 per cont. formaldehyde to one gallon of water or by dipp- ing four minutes in a Hohltlflh iiiadc by dissolving one pound of blucstono in four gallons of water.

Smut in wheat can be prevented by the same moans. However. tho copper carbonate dust treat- ment is preferable. Four ounces of dust mixed dry with 100 pounds of seed is giving excellent results.

. 1 (‘ream iSt-pnrntui-

actual returns in two years. It‘: n

that makes possible the Ontario

to-and the cori-

through the wrong spout of your

_.g 4

Oll- QUO-

under- I

be few mistakes if

fevery» way worth while

iselectetl for the foundation of the attract once that there m‘ in the

‘garden. Kinds which .hecausc of personal interest

lrarlty can be experimented with “e°“"°d\fore graduating into a first class

‘he dairyman. long-serving ,

at lclsuro once we have [the garden fooling with trusty, generous,

kinds. Familiarity and

est in legend and folknames so are most suggestive in home gardon.

Amateufls Sheet Anchor l A border of mixed

shcct

the amateurs during

providing flowers

garden

stocking a perennial

quantities of

tlicm raised from seed. it a difficult maltei‘ to grow "w" °

if sow" ‘ft ml‘- “l” that will flower thc ye“ The first Year The first of flowers sown titiiliPl‘ outsido whore tho Phillis 3"’ flower during MaY- A

Peas, Zinnias. Larkspurs, Caionll (Iornfiowoffl- Corcolililri, Nctnesla and nettc. To those add

tllu, Officinalis

rewarded by a" “mph l

3i llllgughrttlglilllll‘; operations.

llEVEN

To p .lN TUBS

_____. The gfiowttlh. Lvlltllgkllold 0%“ in tubs s N‘ ‘ _ annoyance to dealers and u. (£3; inon source of loss to creame ' ti e ggilmyvwits this trouble been devised by various and carefully studied by‘ ports. The treatment that

9X

water, steaming for 30 with live steam. inner surface and then over the paraffin with

are soaked for 30 minutes in saturated solution of boiling brine

ing tubs and liners have tried out in comparison with

Some tuba and liners were merely soaked in cold water and in these the mold mode nnsbundaiit flow- th. When the tubs and liners were soaked in a saturated solution of cold brine the growth of the mold was somewhat reduced. Butter in tubs that were looked in water and steamed for-at) seconds with live steam. and lined with-liners that had been dipped in a saturat- ed solution of boiling brine. developed very little mold: hut results were still hotter when paraffin and salt were used as described above.

Tho treatment found most satia- fsctory is inexpensive and meets the needs of croonoribo of an!

type and in any port of tho’ count. ry.

ll But for the man whose capital is

perhaps a creeper-covered arbor'the keeping of records of the per-

°l‘ vest in pure bred stock as there is

roses. As the ground will be newly good deal of- experlence cam m; trenched it will be better to defer money taslel. than by buylng stock planting thc roses until it settles.

What to plant to secure a per- 22x2: statement, -.I am not "knocklng“the tioris. it is a long process to find out for ones self what plant; can be relied upon for vigor an pa; “my to m" young farlmers‘ - r . Th iii one ilcterinininl, factor vgiiexeslherd and“), so doing one only m5 l c lly accepted as hardy and in 0 a are and feeder of a pure bred herd.

wmdAt the time 'l“"““es“ M!“ “ilmugcnstfi ‘i? h be .part. of April, the day was an ideal ‘avoided. Tie pan w c ave f H . and I found this iioiigest served mankind arc TlCll-lday or ‘e wagon

ltlie‘ yard eniovini:

perennial flowers is frequently described as anchor, thc spring, summer and fall months both for indoor and out. it depen- ds how inuch is to bc spoilt ill whether

roots should be purchased. or most 0! is not

tho perennials from soed, which, spring 0!‘ IWiY "i"- s "“" M“ promllgiigllvllll;

your the best displflY will he from annuals

“ma” Mm“: Apr“ l)‘: winter. so the owner told mc. was

selection

. v. s. steciucswsot may include AsCelhrklas, (lodetias.

lvopplttS. (Tundytuft. ' hiisno- heavy feeding, being froui six tr" bulbs 0i‘-

- ill b kladiolus. and the growl’ map“;

the flrBl 5\1"ml°"smail amount of cotton seed men! 1* MOLDY BUTTER

butter great

treatments designed to have people

has been found most successful con-

sists in soaking the tubs in cold seconds

paruffinin! the

rubbing salt. in addition, the liners for the tubs

“rations he was able the A number of- methods of treat- been

the one just described by the U. S.

Department of Agriculture. but no . o! m other has been oqually successful. m n‘ “vet.” 0'" u 9

last year: this is a paying immo- siiion man would do well to foildw-

that vro may ioorii form the above sucrose-ff: dairyiuan. First that s healthy profitable diary herd may be built

Dairy Herd In Spring

(-0. E. Maclfenzle.)

The ability of the feeder is clear ly shown by the condition of thf herd in spring. if they comi through the winter and are looklnl clean and slick then we know fha‘ the attendants or feeders have been “on their job", but if the) have a. rough coat and a genera appearance of thinness it is If“!!! evident that the feeder did no‘ know his business and net return‘ will not even pay for the carcles. way in which the work has beer done.

All heifers that are to he kelli for milkcrs should he thrifty and kept growing as it costs less ti‘ put on growth when young.

‘Recently I haul the pleasure o! visiting two different ‘sierils tha‘ were in fine condition, one of these was a pure bred and tht other a grade herd, iviiere they use a pure bred sire. If any thing the grade hord was in the batter condition, showing that the man on the ordinary farm by using a first class dairy sire may have u herd in a short tlmelzhat for all practical purposes is, as gotrl as the general pure bred herd and so far as appearance and to e large extent performance, goes, fully eq-ual to animals with long pedi- grees.

It is my intention in this article to speak more particularly of the grade herd and the way iii which this farmer manages to make good general returns as the results iwil be of more interest to the larger number of readers who do not keep registered stock, although l believe that a puire bred herd should be the ultimate goal of all good dairy- lTlGll.

limited, it is always better to “breed up" a good grade herd" by the use of‘ a pure bred sire and

forman-co of the individual cows. This method proves safe in nine cases out of ten and is much bet- ter than borrowing money to in»

no way in which a man without a

which he docs not know iiow to handle in ordcr to obtain the best iresults.

Remember in making the above

pure bred stook business in which I have much faith but am throwing out a word of caution more asplic

l motto is toulirced up a good grade

himself fol- the positlon as ownei

As l think if hwve said more than is no “short cuts‘ diary business one must learn the lesson from A to Z be

Coming back to the grade herd. of my visit the latter

COLOR SCHEMES IN HOUSE DECORATIONS.

Color schemes should e thought Jill. before a single piece of furni- .ure oi a yard of fabric is purchas- d. The correct use of color and :olor combinations make what so many persons strive for: a restful, beautiful room. Northern and mstorn exposures require tho use if the warmer tones, and southern ind western exposures the cooler Zones.

Witii the use of either the Warin- )1‘ or coolcr tones there is to be mnsidtered the fact that rooms should never be douo ull in Due :oloi; for example, to create tho JOITULI. amount of variety and in- terest. a room \\'itli a southern ex- posure should have, besides the iufllvlcnt areas of coolness, de- lBhtful notes of warm color. These ire raslly introduced in cliintzes, illlllll-hillldcfl. odd chair coverings ind (cushions. The most decora- .ive and interesting accessories "hat ‘r-"iil invariably lend color and iharotfcr to u ncutral or flat tone ‘iackgrountl are books in rows or ihelvcs with scarlet, grccn or or- lllgv lllnillhffs; ciilntzcs in iiitil- ‘Jeffli’. Offllll-ZQ and subtle blues; vases nnd bowls in brilliant col- ors, with bits of brass or copper :0 lend a bright spot, and last, but 10i- kflhl. bflsiit-coloreil flowers. These latter may be the dried wiu. ier variety, $li('ll as bittersweet or iwlliilli bcrrics. or u blending of the garden vurlctitws, such as nits. turtiuius, zlnnias. cosmos, snap- dragoiis or ciiiciiduias.

Wiilio reds should not be used in any great quantity in the decor- ition of a room, a certain quantity is cheering and liclps to bring out 1 Birch: note in carefully planned zolor blihfllliflis‘. 'l‘hi> use of rcd loos not necessarily mean the brilliant. rcd of the color-box, hut anibrnccs also many of the soft, ‘Ylfillfiil’ tones, such as henna, red illlllllfiffy. rose rcd. rust red and copper reds, the us.» hi‘ which h, imail quaiititics lends. ilistlnction to most any room. Much blue ab- sorbs light, thus the use of blue in quantities cithci- walls or fiirn- ishings is inclined to make a r00 390981‘ Klvviny, but if biuc is used‘ BDBPlIIiZlY against a wnriu hack- ground the offcct is indeed churni-

mac-m- l CURRANT CONSERVE.

2 lbs Currants. L cup seeded raisins‘ 2 or tines. Kfillllfld. 11,-’.- lbs sugar‘

r fill and juice. . ,

Wtl-‘Ill the curraiits and rciuovol from the stcins. Add thc juice and- the grated rind of tlic orange, the‘ raisins and thc sugar and cook un-i til it is of the flcsircfl coiisistencyl ——tlis.f. is. about 218 degrees Full.‘ rcnfielt.

—'—- -—~iO'}i--___

The use of the word “nr-.rves" when lillllil is meant, and “iierv- ons‘: when tlic corrcct tcrni is mall-a? ljvilresents the survival of an evasive attitude toward tlic

ls, the milkers out lh a. sun bath and _getfing a full supply of fresh air.

licrd, that

mind that has been regprynfllblu for morc incdiciil and populur niiscoiict-piitms of tiic rcal pi-h. blcm c: incntzil lifc than any other cans-a. horvcs arc little white fibres that connect all parts of tho

At the same time the stables were being aired by having the windows and doors all open. On 50mg lhi-O this stable I did not. find the close heavy smell one finds in molly stables. On inquiry ll found that the stable was always cleaned the first thing in the morning and again brushed up when the stock are taking their daily exercise.

ISliorifly after my arrival. "l? milch cows were brought in. Bflvh cow llilld her own stall and each t one knew where to go so there W118 no yelling or dog ‘barking. every- thing WYIOVQMl smoothly. They were certainly a fine lot of stock, young- sters included, the skin and hair showed every sign of health. They were not fat, but were in good working and growing condition.