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PAGE FOUR ei

THE CI-lARLUl"l'_E_TO_wN_

TIIE IIIIARLIITTETIIWII GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founded In i817) an Second Clan Mull. Pots Oflioo Department. OBIII. Pronldent. Inn A. Burnett; Vice-n dent. Wm. l Burnett; Seep-Tron. G. M. Burnett: Editor lull Imaging Director, J. B. Burnett; Auocleto liaison Frank Walker.

“The Strongest dfemory is Weaker Than the Ilfeokesf Ink."

Tui-lnlsniiibrzhflficnfili: 1941.‘-

Author’

illr. Pearson's Suggestion

In a recent speech at Toronto Mr. L. B. Pearson, Under-Secretary for External Affairs, indicated how serious the United Nations crisis

has become when he said that irresponsible use'

of the veto is "the greatest menace to world peace." He said further that "the way it (the veto) h_as been abused is absurd and something will hav-e to be done soon if the United No- tions is to Iive."

But Mr. Pearson admitted that amendment of the Charter is not likely since, of course, any amendment can and would be vetoed by Rus- sia. Any agreement to dilute the veto by agree- ment and without changes in the Charter also are unlikely. There are two alternatives left to consider, Mr. Pearson said. One would be a policy of regional arrangements within the Uni- ted Nations (like the new western hemispheric pact of the North and South American repub- lics). By such agreements of mutual defence, all within the Charter of the United Nations, vari- ous nations which can agree would be able to settle their differences without suffering the veto and interference of great powers. The other and "last despairing" alternative stated by Mr. Pearson is "complete scrapping of the U. N. for a new organization with power to en- force peace excluding all who fail to conform."

Thus Mr. Pearson brought into the open a project which has been widely discussed among statesmen only as a last resort-—the creation of a new United Nations under which all members would agree to accept some ‘kind of majority rule and which Russia would be free to join or not. There is nothing to indicate that Russia would join now but it might do so later if the new organization was successful. The kind of organization envisaged by Mr. Pearson would be a system of collective security for the whole world outside Russia and its satellites. This would not be merely an old-fashioned military alliance, dominated by a few great powers, but on organization in which all nations would have their rights protected and in which, by some sys- tem of voting not yet suggested, would abide by the decision of a majority, presumably determ- ined by some realistic weighting of power and responsibility.

Wartime Press Censorship

Canada might have had a direct military censorship for the last months of the war if certain elements in the Department of National Defence had had their way, writes Mr. Gillis Purcell in the current issue of International Jour- nal, published by the Canadian Institute of In- ternational Affairs. Mr. Purcell is general mon- ager of The Canadian Press.

Freedom of speech in Canada hung in the balance in the latter part of the war when editors "came to accept the censors‘ edicts un- questioningly as fair and proper," Mr. Purcell writes. But the censors, "knowing facts the Press could not know, pressed for the rights of the people against the conservative nature of bureaucracy."

To avoid such danger in any future censor- ship, Mr. Purcell suggests the Press of the coun- try should be given access to the facts. This could be done by setting up on advisory com- mittee of newspaper men with a definite voice in the censorship policy and access to even the most secret censorship files or by appointment of one newspaper representative as full-time consultant with censors and services.

Four incidents which become topics of pub- lic discussion are detailed in Mr. Purcell's art- icle,—the Houde and Hanson statements in the latter half of I940, the Drew letter in i942 and the so-called "Zombie" incident at the start of I945.

The censors made their "first blunder of the war" in ruling against newspapers carrying the statement opposing national registration for which Mayor Camillien Houde of Montreal was interned. "It was the duty of the censors to wait grntil newspapers submitted the story and then merely refuse to give it a legal clearance. ly warning newspapers off, the censors were in effect usurping the functions of the court."

The Drew letter of July il, I942, labelled as "directly contrary to the evidence as a whole" the findings of Sir Lyman Duff on Lt.-Col. George Drew's assertion that troops sent to Hang Kong were ill-trained and their dispatch mismanaged. Col. Drew is now Premier of Ont- orio. The censors would not approve the pub- lication of any port of the letter. "Throughout the censors were consistent—but they showed the effect of Cabinet domination as clearly as in the Houde case. No apparent factor of sec- uritv or notional unity in either case justified the decision against publication. Had the news- papers becn insistent on publishing the letter, and had done so, it is questionable that prose- cution would have ensued."

A report of o statement made by Hon. R. B. Hanson, then Federal Conservative Leader, ot Charlottetown, Oct. il, I940, on the move- ment of British air training students to Canada was involved in the third case reviewed. The report (furnished by The Guardian) was first re- leased, killed i7 minutes later and then approv- ed for publication within i4 minutes.

"Open charges," Mr. Purcell writes, "were mode that the story was ninstated in order to embarrass the Conservative Leader, who five months earlier hod token over the leadership of the party, decimated in the March elections. It is just or likely that a ditfsrsncg of opinion

between the censors and Air Force security ro- lulted in the off-again, on-again attitude."

The mass break of more than I00 Home- Defence Troops at Queen's Barracks, London, Ont., came in December, i944, during the Grey North by-election and when submarines were active off Halifax. The censors ruled out the story because the reports could have given the enemy information that havy troop move- ments overseas were ‘in progress. The story was ll d Jan. i9 when the overseas movement was completed. ‘

Mr. Purcell writes it is impossible to state dogmatically whether politics on the Cabinet level entered the case. On the one hand, It was stated at the outset that the story would be released when the troop movement was com- plete—-as was done. On the other hand, it was argued that the Defence Department first

wanted to bottle up the story, even considering establishment of military censorship, and fin- ally became convinced in mid-January that newspaper pressure made inevitable announce- ment when the troops arrived.

— EDITORIAL NUTIIS --

"While Autumn, nodding o'er the yellow plain Comes jovial on." I I i i A Hull cement manufactunr ‘flylolns that there is no shortage of cement . . people are just using too much of i_t. A’ i’ f l‘ Conference takes place‘ today at Montego Bay of representatives of British West Indies Colonies with a view to increased co-operation. i i P h

A Leftist Italian paper complains that Rus- sia is being "subtly sabotaged" by the showing of only mediocre Russian films. Surely they do not suggest there is anything subtle about the more favored Hollywood product.

W I l’ i

So the canners' economic troubles with the Unions are having serious reactions on our peace- ful farm producers. The evils men do oft have present painful effects on the innocent, with- out waiting till death to live after them.

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General sympathy will be extended to Mr. L. B. MacMillan, M.B.E., etc, in the unfortun- ate accident he sustained at St. Stephen, N.B., where he fell fracturing his left leg. He was fortunate in being able to secure a plane to bring him.to Charlottetown Hospital for atten- tion.

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Lord Jowitt, speaking in Ottawa of his numerous predecessors as Lord Chancellor who have been canonised declared, "There is no reason why the list of saints should be closed for all I know." lf doing penance is a qualifi- catron almost anyone living on English rations deserves to be sainted.

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James Thomson, Scottish poet, born this date I700; held various Government positions, including that of surveyor-general of the Leeward Islands; he produced many poems, and was a pioneer of the romantic revival of blank verse

branch to its members telling them that " _ busy hours people occupy badly-needed space in llsmgl— Bmlllmld Exfmslmr‘

"There is once solution:

which he used largely in his chief work, The Seasons; of his dramas, the Masque of Alfred is best known because it contains for

the first time the song Rule Britannia:

Mr. John Dickey, M.P. for Halifax, promises a "very interesting" by-election in Yark-Sunbury, where "Greek meets Greek"—or rather "vct-eran meets veteran" in o fight for the seat formerly held by that redoubtable Conservative politician, Hon. R. B. Hanson, and subsequently captured by Fisheries Minist-er Bridges., Mr. Dickey has pleasant recollections of visiting here in I938, and anticipates co-operating with our member; and Senators when Parliament resumes.

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There is olwoys something to keep the rab- bit's tail short. Canadian Restaurant Association has its way, smoking in restaurants will be banned at cer- tain hours during the day. Bulletins advocat- ing the smoking ban have been sent by the

restaurants just to smok-e cigarets for i0, I5 minutes or more after their lunch--\vith com- plete disregard for the other people waitingl’,

To prohibit smoking in

restaurants, at least at certain hours. lt would

ensure a cleaner atmosphere and speed the s-er- vice."

w a o w-

lt is gratifying to learn, as indicated by the official figures published an the sport page of‘ yesterday's Guardian, thatlthe Old Home Week races at"C'harlottetown created another record for attendance. The attendance last year, which was the best up to that date, is given as 31,578, while for this year the total was 33,l6I. There was a slight increase in the Provincial tax rev- enue from tickets but a decrease in tax revenue from pari-mutuel receipts, due to the fact that fewer heats were run. The new directorate have every reason to congratulate themselves on the ‘results. O i Q .

The welcome flow of cold hard cosh into the lean pockets of Canada's men of the soil is on the increase and approaching its wartime high, says a Canadian Press despatch. The o- minion’s farmers, the Dominion Bureau of ta,- tistics report, received $753,900,000 from the

sale of farm products and from supplementary payments during the first six months of this year, a gain of i7 per cent over their cash in- come of $647,i00,000 in the some I946 per- iod. The latest total, which compares with $73I,000,000 in the corresponding period of

If the Quebec Branch of the!

l rum ily- TR-I-Wly

If you don't go to the movies you're either physically or menhlly abnormal, says a psychological our- glcul survey published in Paris. And all along we thought it was our

,-hlgh I. Q. that kept us away from

Imost o! them. -Moni.real Spar.

l Canadian bacon has won a foot- hold in the British market against

lstlff competition. It would be re- grettable lf that. market were lost

because o1 insufficient supply. —

I Calgary Herald.

, __

i Britain) Gwernment fears lhll.

‘unless coal production f; greatly

lspceded up, by the time Winter comes around the country will a- gain he forced back on the cold

|stondard. —l-lamlltlon Spectator.

l Did you ever think of the curl- lous m: that. u you were blind, you would have to gel’. someone to tell you the race of most lndlvld- uals you might meelPassumlng, of course, that there was nothing 1n their speech to give a. hint. of any difference in race? The fact ls that a great many of the ordinary prejudices that divide the human family would disappear if the gift of sight were suddenly taken from us. -$tratford Beacon-Herald.

It. might not be a bad idea ff tho "pie in the sky" doctrine were sup- erseded by a more old-fashioned one-the one that lf a man work not, neither shall he eat. The prlma problem of today ls not distribution but. production. We are still short. of almost everything, and the reme- dy ls to get to work and make ft. doing without the superfluftles un- til we have enough of the essen- tials. -I.ondon Free Press.

i

The government at Ottawa op- pears to have made wlse appoint- ments to the control of Canada's penitentlerles. The good name of Canada ls in the hands of those three men who will give character to the work done in our principal penal institutions. New brooms. are said to sweep clean. Canada ax- pects some house-cleaning in he! penitentiarles without unnecessary delay. -'1‘oronto Dally Star.

The Bulgarian parliament Illl ratified the peace treaty with tho victorious Allies. It ls an old Bul- gar custom noxv. The Bulgars bet. on the wrong horse in the Second Balkan War of 1913. They played the Kaiser win, place and show in World War I. They picked Hitler 1n World War II. They always 599m to escape lightly. After World War 1 Czar Boris told why, "Nothing serious ever happens to a nation that goes to bed at 9 o'clock." sold he-Chlcago Daily News.

On a page ln The Ottawa Jour- ,nal the other day were two head- llncs: "Elght-lrar-old Boy Saves ‘ Mother From Drowning," and "Bowmanvilie Fugitive, Thirteen.

Back in Custody." Hero and-what? ltlerc are two children brought. up m homes 1n Canada's most. advanced province. One is impelled by all ' the instincts of right. The other has in 101*," string of crimes including ‘housanr-eaking and safe-cracking. ‘Why should there he such a differ- ence in the ailoilves of these two mull: lives? Has society felled in one cnsc_ or what is the answer?- Lettlhridge Harald.

For those who like working out. puazles. here is one submitted through a contemporary ‘on behalf or the Fourth Estate generally. Two non-advertisers were In the busi-

lncss of manufacturing rat-traps of

practically identical type. The traps cost 15 cents each, were sold to the retailers at 25 cents and to the public at 30 cents. One of the

‘manufacturers began to advertise

his product, His sales went up as a result. Increased sales and Ill- rrcascd production enabled hln: to make traps for ten cents each, sad them to the trade for 15 cents and

|sc to the public for 25 cents. five

ccnis cheager than his competitor's

Saskatoon plc is as Saskatchewan as patched overalls, and we nomin- ate 1t. as the dish that represents the unique personality of the pra- vlnre, declares The Saskatoon Star- Phoenlx. The Saskatoon berry may grow in other provinces, but. only because, like the people of Saskaz- chewon, it ls friendly and unmlnd-

than colorful posters illustrating a western size wedge of Saskatoon pie? You can have your steak, A1- bertn. The Saskatoon is our berry.

The important thing la huvlng children grow up free of the taboos which encourage the glamorlzlng of alcoholic beverages as "forbidden fruit," something very naughty to be indulged ln clandestlneiy and at. all costs hidden from the young and impressionable. Nothing so much encourages juvenile delin- quency as this idea of getting away with something that is falsely taught. to be wicked. If young peo- ple could be taught to treat alco- hol as normal and only dangerous when used abnormally or by abnor- mal people, a. wealth of good would result. -Vancouver Sun.

To u: who couldn't do It If we tried shoveling coal looks to be about. the hardest kfnd of s. job, says The st. Thomas Times-Jour- nal. Each summer in the put. we have looked out from the office windows at The Times-Journal n-

‘ sons a year. At Ottawa, this week, |a conference of Alletrfllifln

v Empire Population

(Vuucouve Frovlnce) w"; men from opposite sides of the world have been talking ebqlll immigration, and their views are

approximately the some. Rt. tion.!

James Gardiner, Canada's minis- ter o1 agriculture, would like to see Canada's populalzon dflUb-ed-

‘bl-ought up to ebcut $000,000 —, I ifin ten years. Hon. A.A. Cal-I minister of Im-

wit well, Australia's

migration and information. Si!!!

.13“; 1g ls lmportant/that Austrah,

la‘; population should be ralsedl from its present 7.503.000 i3 20.009.- ooo. He gives the Czmmonwealth 30 to 25 years to find the increase.

Australia wants her extra POD-j ulotlon for defense purposefi 9316

expects another attack by Japanl

below we g5 years are out. Can- ada. wants them far economic pur-

poses -- to help consume her sur- '

pluses and make her less vulner- able economically-

Mr. Gardiner does not gay where he would look f0!‘ hi5 Immigrants- l-le is fn Europe, now, “more there are millions of displaced DBISCIIE. and he probably would not be ed- vel-ge to bringing in people from. Great Britain. Mr. Oalwell wants. 70,000 a year, as many as possible from Britain, but Australia has- agreed to take 12,000 displaced per-

and Canadian authorities agreed that. it. would be a good thing If the surplus population pf Grcal Brit- ain cc-llld be distributed thrcugh- out the Empire. On the cuter hand. Mr. Churchill. advises Bril- fsh people to stay and fight it out at home.

There could easily be great gain for all concerned and no real loss to anybody in an intelllgexltly-de- vised plan for the redistribution of n-npire population. Canada and Australia would certainly gain from the absorption of several millions each and the United Kinsdom might. be able to adjust. her econ- omy more easily.

At. present Great Britain is try- ing to carry on on n pro-war basis without the pro-war rescurces which helped her keep a proper trade bal- ance. She Ls lying to build up hcr production and trade to a point where she can support 47,000,000 people. To curry such n. load she ls short’. of man-power. But, with resdjustments, 36,000,000 might be able to carry the rrduced burden easily. And the strcngihenrd rutcr ccmmoraweolttls would be stronger buttresses for the centre.

Farming In The Arctic

Dealing wit-h agriculture ln the Soviet Union, Agriculture Abroad, issued by the Economics Division, Dominlqn Department of Agr cul- ture, Ottawa, says in part. wilh reference to the northern regions that. farming in the Arctic Circle has about. outgrown lis experimen- tal stage which b€8url in the rarly 30s. Nort-hcrn Russia and Snberla with its 4,000 miles qt shorrllne facing the Arctic Ocean from Mur- mansk in the west to Anadyrsk in the cast, and extending southward

.dorsk near Ob river; at Igaka along

ful of provincial boundaries. What. could be more enticing lo tourists’

in depth of one to fora thousand miles. bears much similarity l0 Canada's Nc-rtttovcsl. Territories. The winters are long and ccld, the summers very short. and vcntm with long hours of sunshine.

All the Siberian regions north of the 82nd parallel fall undcr a‘ separate administration which has established a large nuhtbcr 0f cx-‘ perimental farms throughout. the North, estimated at about 160,‘ north of 60 degrees latitude. Four, central farms ere situated a! 0t»,

the Yenlssl river at a latitude of Fcrl Good Hope in Canada's Mac- kenzie District; at Yakutsk an the bunks of the Lena rlver on a latit- ude about the same as Pravldsnce

l at. Great Bear Lake ln Canada; and

at Anadyrsk on the Bnirring Csnst along the parallel of Dawson Clty of Yukon District. Canada. I '

The northern limit. of 63 dzgrre; latitude for the growing of whrnt

qt I rat-traps. Who paid for the adter- ca" prubably t“ “Inked bad‘ l"

time as for ncrth as 67 dcgltcs 50 minutes as a result. of early ripen- ing hardy strains developed at, Knibinl when: the period of growth ls less than three months in thc year and snow covers the around in mid-June.

Personnel for work cn northern) agricultural stations are trained at Igarka and at the Khlbini State Polar Farm ln the European cClIll~ try south of Murmansk. The KhL binl farm is the most. advanccdl and as fer buck as 1905 covered‘ about 80,050 acres. j

A Dominion Experimental Sub- station has been established at, Whitehorse in the Yukon Trrrfmry‘ for the purpose of studying agri- culture In the far north of Can- ada. '

change. This year the men are ald- ed by an electrically-operated ae- vlce that catches the coal from the end of the tipped-up truck box and runs ft. along on a belt. tight. into the bin. It seems so ‘much easier on the men in charge and it's eas- ier on the eyes o! the fellow who le only looking on. But the racket -llko l-ll modern ways of doing

Literally Ii II almost Impogflblg to do nothing. Complete idleness of mlnd and body is not achieved even in sleep. The wrong aosump. lion lo that fecrentfon and leisure are a waste ol time. They aren't. and hllf the people with nervous breakdowns and frayed tempers would be better off ff they learn- ed how to really relax.- Vancou-

cross the small courtyard or park (to give it o. high-sounding name)

I945, approaches closely the record year of i944, when farmers earned $766,000,000 within the