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Che Examiner

Cl’iown, January 26, i874.

= « THE GRAND JURY PRESENT. MENTS.

We are very glad to see that the Grand Jury has called attention to the great need for improvement in our Poor House: Lunatic Ayslim, and Jail. The condi- tion of these three still continues to be a disgrace to the community, and a standing reproach to Government, Commissioners, Trustees, and «very one else who has any- thing to do with them. We regret to see that the most crying needs of the Poor Hoase sti!’ unsupplied. The Grand Jury point out, as still existing, the very

are same wants that were first made known in | our columns. There is as yet no dead. |

house; no acéommodation for the sick

,

no bath-room ; no store-rooms; the keep: | er is insufficiently paid, and as the attend. | ance is described as inadquate, we see | that the Gover ment still continues ‘ to sus- |

tain the decision of the 23th Janu iry,1873'

being to provide no addi-

tional atteudarnce, though the keeper and |

their own comicissioners most earnestly in- sisted upon the need of it. It might have been suppos | that much of this n elect is to be aceoun ed for by the fact that the frequent chang: s of administration and the fierce struggl sonsequent thereupon, so occupy the minds of the various Govern-

' ments a8 wo i

them but little opportu- nity for attending to the wants of the country; aud <o it might have been hoped |

that an institution further removed from |

ought to be ?

they are, and they either make no sign, er

make representations as to what is w anted,

just as in the ease of the Poor House

Commissioners). and when these are treat

Priating & Publishing Co, |

ed with neglect or contempt, still eontinu '

We

that men of inde

practically, they have no control.

} should have imagined

on a provision being made, sufficient to

thrown np their offices, and made the

they made known publicly their reasons for so acting.

In reterence,to the jail, we do not fee so strongly. and unfortunate, who are not in this, the community,

to blame,

suffer most; which is to blame, suffers most. Proper | jail discipline is reformatory and deter-

| rent, and, therefore,

‘venting and curing it. Ours does nei- ther. the criminal classes will be the Nemesis of our neglect. The law has failed to prove who the parties were ; long ago, some persovs were bold enough to go to the most thickly-built part ofour town, bore holes in a door, pour in kero- sene oil, and set fire to it. Providential ly, the wicked design failed; but, has any one thought that the boldness of the erim- nals way be partly accounted for by the fuct that our jail discipline is a farce ?

At a'l events, we are sure that never was | &@ community more penny-wise and | pound-foolish than we are in grudging to

| provide proper jails and reformatories.

“— _—o— +

} BOARD OF TRADE.

| Prince Epwarp Istanp should send lat least one delegate to the Dominion | Board of Trade. The Board exercises an ‘immense influence over the commercial legislation of the country.

are not influenced—at least in such an | | extrenie degree as professional politicians | |—by the “ power of party.’ They are |

practical men — leading merchants and

traders—who know what the country | waats, and how to supply its needs. Their knowledge is their power ; and it—

under the rules and regulations of the Board—is always exerted—and nearly always with effect—in the extension of trade and the development of the coun- try’s resources.

Many of the commercial measures of the late Government were initiated by

the Dominion Board of Trade; and the |

friendly commercial! relations now exist- ing between the Dominion and the United States, is greatly owing to its enlarging It looks at

commercial affairs as they are ;

and elevating influences,

it en-

deavors to make them what they ought |

to be.

from the narrow, contracting influences |

of party politics. Last year, the Cham. ber of Commerce in Halifax, delegates to the annual meeting of the Board: They were received with open arms by their brethren of the Upper Provinces; and sueceeded in materially

sent two

politsesl inflaevces, and put more directly | advancing the interests of Nova Scotia.

under the contrel of Trustees, (some of |

them permanent), would be more efficient- |

~—™}-conduetod™ Any such hope is dispelled, | represented at the Board. when we see the state of the Lunatic Asy- ‘it will not long The Trustees of the Asylum have | the appointine: t of every officer connected vanced in the last EXAMINFR is tuking

with it,—the ‘‘overnment not appointing |

lum.

any; and, also, have large powers of con-

trol Wheat, then, is the condition of an institution thus ccatrolled? First, as to| the appointment of a suitable officer: If there i sition more than another

which require: ly educated, it is that of the keeper and itendent of a Lunatic Asy-

eae aa regident-super

lum. ‘‘ ‘lo minister to a mind diseased ;”’ to

control, by moral and meutal power, the

unfortunate p tients ; to give a tone te tae who'e inst

‘| employed there feel him- a work of mercy ;—to do

the lowest mine! red i

self engag these things, requires a man with a natur.l

aptitude for sasha work, and with that ap— | titude strengthened aad improved by edu- |

eation und study. Hoes there seem to have | been any effort (ofind such aman? What | training had the present keeper to qualify him for his position? What opportunity | had he to show wy aptitude for the work ? | We have no wi-h to speak harshly and un-| friendly of the present keeper. We! have no doubt be is an excellent workman at his trade; but we unhesitatingly say | thatno amount of efficiency in the trade on of a carpenter i. any guarantee for skill in a he treatment of mental diseases; and

a appoint, or t continue in that position, | é. man who was never trai-ed or fitted for | it, is an act, to say the least of it, of | thoughtless cruelty, There many |

other matters connected with the Asylum

are

that require thorough reform, In every | well regulated institution all signs of re- straint are, as far as possibie, removed, | In ours, the p cients live in grated rooms aod underground cells, and are turned out to exercise a sort of pound or jail- gard! Amusements, musical entertain | and such | fteo used to ameliorate the |

in

ments, resding -rooms,—these

like plans are unhappy jot i the The very mention of such things in our

Bat there are

meutally—afilicted. }

institution see:as absurd.

more sé¢rious matters than these—about |

which we ar We know how octen mere rumors may be unfounded or exaggerated; and that to give weight t) them is unfair. For this reason we ref riv from publishing several very ugly reports that have come to our ears about this institution. But we do urge the Government to appoint a com- mission—say one or two skilled superin- tendents of Lunatie Asylums from abroad

; *->~Lwho might thoroughly investigate and

report upon the working of our Asylum, Should their report show nothing wrong, we will gladly make an an ample apology for having even hinted at the existence of - abuses.. Bat even without these possible hidden evils, here is enough cvident on the sarface to wake as fee] ashamed of our Asylum. No doubt the trustees will blame the parsimony often) ggislature.

For our.eow part, we nrust say i€ypees

tL nan highly and es pe cial. |

|

ution; and to make even |

| we should not allow another delegates from the different Provinces to |

it a loss how to write. | be added

Prince Edward Island is now, we believe, the only Provinee in the Dominion, un-

remain so. We are

hold of the minds of our merchants. A

}ecorrespondent of the News (Jan. 22) | | writes as follows :—

To the Editor of the News.

EXAMINER in its

} Sim :—The last issue

briefly noticed the time appointed for the | meeting of the “‘Dominion Board of Trade,” | | to be held at Ottawa, on the 24th February |

next; and suggested that P. E. Island send |

a representative.

It is surprising that although a Board of | Trade was established here some years ago, |

that no united action was ever taken by its members, to control and promote the mer- chantile interests of the Coloay.

The Island being now united to the Do- | minion, and our laws and interests having | become identical, our business men should | organize themselves into a proper body, and | appoint one or more delegates to attend the | meetings of the Dominion Board of Trade |

for the purpuse of disoussing and advocat- ing such measures as may be deemed desir- able to facilitate and promote our Trade generally — prominent among which, affecting more particularly our interests— may be mentioned, the construction of the Bay Verte Cana! —The Insolvency Act— Harbour and Lighthouse improvements— the Winter Mail Service—The Inspection Laws on Fish, Flour,Pork and Butter—The Railway Taritf—Newspaper Postage, &c. ,&c. Asthe Dominion Government is, in a mea- sure,influenced by the advice and opinions of the General Board of Trade, in enacting laws relating to Commerce. it behoves us, if we wish to have a voice in the management of our internal affairs, to make our wants known ina systematic manner. Therefore

And yet things continue 26 |

responsible for an institution over which, |

, | it insertion below. pay proper officers and provide proper ac

commodation, or would, at once, have : a

| well as Cutholies. : i =) - , | the opinions of Catholies. country ring with the words with which |,

Ip the other cases, the poor |

lessens crime by pre- | Consequently, a rapid increase of |

| for the performance but, certainly, not |

Its members |

It is removed, as far ss may be, |

pleased to see that the suggestion ad- |

as |

| sides, as we are in

meeting of |

THE PASTORAL LETTER.

IMMEDIATELY after the promulgation

of the Bishop’s “ Pastoral Letter,’”’ re- specting religious education, our reporter -|applied fora copy. He was unable to ” | obt in one. Reporters of the press in other Provinces were, it appears, more fortunate. The “ Pastoral” has been published at length in nearly all the|

papers, We trust that it may be carefully read by all— Protestants as The Bishops represent If these opin- ions are erroneous,—if the reasons ad- vaneed in the ‘‘ Pastoral ”’ are fa lacious—

let them be ‘ with reasons answered ’”

[Tue Arcusisnors anv Bisnops or THE Ec LESIASTICAL Province OF HaLiFaXx, TO rue CLerGy anp Larry or THe Frocks.

Dear.y Becoveo Brereren,—

Among the wany duties of our pastoral solicitude, we feel called on to address you on this all important subject of Cathotic Ed- ucation, Which seems to attract just now, a

large share of public attention in the dioceses | committed to our care. Commissioned by the Prince of Pastors to teach you al) things whatsoever He has commanded, and fully alive to the account we shail have to render

of that sacred duty, we are now coustrained to point out to you the many perils Which threaten the Faith of the rising Catholic generation in this country.—

Highly as we estimate the advantages olf secular educalion, yet we prize iniinitely

more the inestimable boon of early religious culiure. The contrast between the two is the the same as that between the body and the soul, between earth and Heaven, between the creature and God. To you, Catholic Fathers and Mothers, are thes® words of admonition

now especially addressed Notwithstanding all the specious theories advanced on the subject of Education in these modern times,

itis the parents and not the State who are answerable for the immortal souls of their children, and consequeatly for the mode and manner of their early training. To interfere with the performance of their duty in this particular, is a violation of all law, human and divine rhe odious system of double taxation for the maintenance of two sets of schools, isnot a whit less tyrannical than the tithe system in the ola country, where our Catholic forefathers and Protestant Dissenters were forcibly taxed to support a_ hostile church and creed, while they had to tax them- selves a second time for the maintenance of As Catholics, we fora

their own religion. the Dominion of Canada,

half of

} mearly one-hal

and we have therefore, an undoubted right }to obtain in the Maritime Provinces, what | the Catholic majority accorded long ago to the Protestant minority of the Province of Que bee, and what the Protestant majority after many years of agitation, tinally conceded to the Catholic minority in the Province of Oa tarilo. We ask no more, and no honest and unprejudiced man can blame us for stating that, in this country of equal rights, we will | be content with nothing less. We see no

reason why the Catholic minority in Ontario or the Protestant minovity in Quebec should enjoy any legal privileges denied to us as citizens of the same Dominion, Itis the uns doubted right, as it is the duty of Catholic parents to provide avove all things, for the christian education of their children. The child, not less than the parent,must be taught first to reverence and then ‘ to hear the church’ which is commissioned by God Himself“ to

|} teach all mations,’ and ‘* lo preach to every creature, Phat Church, through its sup- reme Oracle, our glorious Pius the Ninth; has settled the question forever. ‘* No Catholic, ”’ he says, can a {the system of ed- ucaling y nected with the Cathos lic Faith—a system which regards the know- ledge of nat ival things as the great end of social life. fhe same authority, replying to the Archbishop of Freiburg, states: ** There is no doubt that the greatest injury is infliet- ed on society, when the directing authority and salutory power of the Church are with- lrawn m public and private education, on

which the happiness of the Church and Coms monwealth so much depends. Thus society is, littie by Jittle, deprived of the truly Christian spirit which alone can permanently secure the foundation of peace and public order, and di- rect the true progress of civilization, and give man thal assistance which is necessary to at- tain after life—his life end in eternal happiness.”

this

The education which instructs the mind and moulds the tender heart of youth, with-

We hope that} out Religion and his soul-saving moral pres

cepts,must produce, by and by, a generation

| having no other guide but its own wild pas—

sions and conceits, and ending in disaster. Such has invariably been the result where- ever and whenever the said experiment has

been tried. In France, in Germany, or in

the United States of America, the exclusion

of religious teaching has been attended with |} tLe same lamentalte cousequence.

Ifso in the advanced schools and higher branches of education, how much stronger must be the argument in favour of religious

trianing in our primary schools. If the child- ren of the masses of the people do not fearn here al] that pertains to faith, virtue and piety and all their duties to God, to themseives, their parents, and ‘ty at lerge, that knowlege can never be acquired elsewhere. | In view of these all-important and ur- deniable truths, Saint Peter has over and over spoken through Pius the Ninth, and secured perfect unanimity on the grand point

among the Citholic Bishops of tbis whole world. In Ireland, im England, in America, | th: Bishops of the Church in pastorals and synodical addresses, have, with one accord, pronounced that education based on our

holy religion alone is suitable for Catholic children. So far therefore, from approving of so called mixed schools, where religion is, as it were, divorced from the schrol-room, they have unanimously condemned them as being positively injurious to the best interests of Catholic youth,

With this conviction, we feel that any interference ofthe State with the natural right of our Catholic citizens in this country, would be a galling tyranny. When we are taxed directly or indirectly for the mainten-

ance of mixed schools, and are called on be- concience, to support

separate schools for our own children, as men of honor, in this free land, we are bound to oppose such a system by every legitimate

means in our power. After many years of painful agitation, the

assemble withcut sending a representative: | P!iiciple tirst a knowledged by the Cathelic

I trust. Mr. Editor, that with your assis- | majority in the Provin¢ | wards adopted in a more stinted measure by

tance and that of the Examiner and other

inducéd to take timely action in this import- ant matter. Yours, &c., A MERCHANT. Ch’town, Jan, 22.

soe

THE FAMINE IN INDIA.

MEASURES are being taken by the British Governmemt to avert the threaten- ed famine in Bengal. This will be a Twenty-four millions beings menaced by

herculean task.

of human are

| starvation ; and in spite of all that can

and will be done for their relief, it ap— pears certain that multitudes must perish + must die a lingering, a horrible death, It is feared that a want of water will

to the want of food, and that thus the suffering of the starving millions | will bé doubly intensified. Subscriptions _ for their relief are, it is said, “ pouring in from all parts of the world.’’ Could | not P. ki. Island add its mite ?

THE SIAMESE TWINS.

Tue Siamese Twins,—who created such a great sensation in educated and medical cireles during their early career— are dead. They died at their kome, in North Carolina, on Saturday, 17th inst. Chang, it is reported, was partially para— lyzed last fall; and, since then, he has been in ill health and fretful. It is said that he was addicted to drinking alcoholic liquor as a means ef alleviating his suffer- ings. After the death of Chang, Eng exhibited signs of mental aberration, and

at compreb: usion how men of influence nally sank into a stupor from which he \\-© apd position. such as wre the Trustees of | pat tevived. He died two hours after

‘S ‘the Lunatic Asylum, can consent, year after year, t» be responsible for the con- dition of an institution which they must Is

know to be thoroughly unsatisfactory,

hie pther. Judging by these symptoms lit wou ®ppear that the connection be- tween @ brains of the twins was not so very eld and intimate as supposed by

there one of them who believes it is as it physician.

» of Quebec, was afler-

| journals, the leading business men may be | the Protestant majority of Ontario.

In Manitoba the right of separate schools has become the law of the land. And so lately as last May, the injustice of not extend- ing the same fair play tothe Catholic min- orilty of New Brunswick, was proclaimed by an overwhelming majority cf the House of Commons at Ottawa,in these words: Resolved, That this House regrets that the School Act recently passed in New Brunswick, is un- salisfactory to a portion of the inhabitants in that province, and hopes that it may be so moditied during the next session of the Legislature of New Brunswick, us to remove any just grounds of discontent.” In these words a majority of the representatives of the Domicion have condemned the potoris ously unjust School Law now ia operation in New Brunswick, and by implication, that also in force in Prince Edward Island.

As ministers of tue Gol of peace, we pro- claim to you, our dear people, as well as to our fellow citizens of other denominations, that we look for nothing else, in this country, but that justice and fair play which settled all diffiiculties and allayed all ill-feeling in Ontario and Quebec. We ask no more than this tardy act of justice in the Maritime Pro- vinces, and we shail not be satisfied with less,

To those who may take exception to our interference on this subject at the present moment, and blame us for addressing you as we now do, our answer is, in the words of the Holy Father. ‘they ask us,by our silence to disobey the command of the Divine Author of the Church, and be false to the charge she has received from God, of guiding all ‘men to to salvation.”

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.—AMEN.

+ Tuomas Louis, Archbishop of Halifax. t Coun Francis, Bishop of Arichat.

+ Joun, Bishop of St. John. + Perenr, Bishop of Charlottetown. + James, Bishop of Chatham. + Jonn,

Bishop of Titopolis.

Given at St. Mary’s, -Halifax, 25h Nov.

1873.

—_———— ee

Panama dates of January 9th state that owing to the intervention of U, 8. Minister Willigmson the anticipated troubles in Costa Rica have been averted,

Though somewhat late, we give

A PENNY-WISE POLICY,

Tur it is very desirable to have the

public business of our country well coo- | ducted, all will admit. That it is necessary to have competent men to conduct it, is

the inevitable deduction, That the coun-

try has ample means to pay its publie ser- ‘vauts well, is patent, That they should be well paid, is, we believe, the sentiment of a majority of the people.

The authorities at Ottawa have, it is re- ported, reduced the salaries of a number of public officials in this Island.” Some are lowered two hundred, some one hun- dred and fifty, some one hundred, and some even fifty dollars. Clerks in the civil service, who were receiving eight hundred dollars a year, are henceforth to receive only seven hundred; those who formerly got seven hundred, are to get six hundred and five huvdred and fifty ; and those who were paid at the rate of six hundred and five hundred dollars per year, have been “cut dowa ”’ to five hundred, four hundred and fifty, and even four hundred. The resuit of this wholesale re- duction is likely, we believe, to be that pub'ic offices will, ere long, be the dernier resort of invapalles, and that competent officers will either be driven into trade, or driven out of the country. The public servants of the Dominion have long com— plained that their salaries are not high enough ; that they do not suffice to meet, without great economy, the high and gradually increasing cost of living. Clerks in the offices of merchants, they say, are paid equally as well as responsible officials

in the civil service of the great aud rich Dominion. Besides, a merchant'sclerk is in a much better position than a Dominion official. he is in a position to avail himself of op- portunities, constantly occurring, to better his position The latter, from the mo- ment he enters upoy his duties, is a fix- ture; or, if he withdraws from the public service, he is in precisely the same posi- tion at the time he leaves it as at the time

The former is a freer man; and

he enters it. All his work counts as no-

thing. ile has to begia life over again. His position somewhat resembles that of horse in a thread-mill—always walking, but never making any progress. True, he has a chance—and it is just a chance—to rise to be sub-head of'a Department-—doing all the work and getting litt'e credit. Un— der these circumstances, the Civil Service officials should be “ well paid ’’ No good man wi'l consent to ossify in a public of- fice, and reevive « salary on whieb he can barely eke out a comfortable living. Be- sides, it is highly expedient that officials should be ‘above suspicion ;’’ and that they may be so, they should receive liberal salaries, Looking at the subject in all its bearings, we cannot but be led to the conclusion that the policy of reducing | salaries of hard-working officials, is nar- The pub.

lie service should be performed with a

row, illiberal, and a mistake.

due regard to economy ; but it should be order to this, competent men must be employed ; and competent men cannot be cbtained unless they are well paid.

performed well. In

Since writing the above, we learn, on good authority, that the Government has added three men to to the number of of- ficials heretofore in the Custom House ; so that the cost of that Department is— notwithstanding the reductions made in the pay of officials—a thousand dollars a | year more than it was before. We ap- | plied at the Custom House for positive

| information respecting the recent ehanges, | but were unable to obtain any satisfaction, | ‘the powers that be’? having ordered the | officia's to keep the matter dark.

———wees |

STEAM ON WEST RIVER.

Tue following resolutions—passed at a | meeting held in the schoolhouse at Bon- | shaw, on the 8th instant—we have been | requested to publish. We do so with plea» | sure :— 1. Whereas other parts of the Island are benefitted by the building of a railroad, to the cost of which we have to contribute our full share, without receiving any direct benefit therefrom,

Resolved, That we have a right to an equi valent.

2. Whereas, the roads on both banks of the West or Elliot River, leading towards Charlottetown, are very hilly and unfit for heavy traffic ; and Whereas the inhabitants of the greater part of Lot 65 and a part of Lot 30, have no means of travelling to Cinar- lottetown, except by crossing the ferries at Westville or Rocky Point in a scow or sail- boat,

Resolved, That some other mode of travel- ling is a necessity.

3. Whereas, the West or’ Elliot River is navigable for a steamer of light draught as far up as McArthur’s Landing, on said River, at low tide, and to the Bridge at Bonshaw at high tide, and, by some out- lay in dredging, could be made navigable to said Bridge at half tide,

Resolved, That said River forms a natural highway for the traffic of the adjacent couns try.

% ‘That a steamer on the West River be- ing a possibility and a necessity, that we would accept such steamer as an instal- ment of our rights. and that a Petition embodying the foregoing resolutions be

repared, signed and presented to His

onor the Lieutenant Governor in Council, and that we call upon the Members for the First and Second Districts of Queen’s Coun- ty to support the prayer of said petition. ~

5. That an account of this meeting and a copy of the foregoing resolutions be sent to the Examiner and Patriot newspapers, with a request that they be inserted.

A petition was then read by Mr. Stewart, and on motion, said petition was unanis mously adopted as well calculated to meet the requirements of the case.

We trust the prayer of the petitioners may be-heard by the powers that be, and that it may result in steam communication on West River.

Cuances IN THE Civit Service.—It is ru- mored in Charlottetown that several im- portant changes have been made in the Dominion Civil Service of this Province. Donald Currie, Esq., has, it is reported, been appointed Collector of Customs at Charlottetown in place of Colin McLellan, Esq.; Wellington Nelson, Esq., first locker, in place of Mr John Foster; Francis Lenj- worth, Esq., Appraiser, in place of Robert Crawford, Esq. In the Internal Revenue Department, John Andrew McDonald, Esq., has, we understand, been appointed Inspector, instead of Stephen McNeill, Esq.; and Messrs. Theophilus Moore and John A. Lawson have each received an appointment. It is also rumored that Mr. Alexander C. Stewart, has been appointed Clerk and Measuring Surveyor at the port of Georgetown. Reports of other changes are current. Under the present Adminis» tration, public affairs are not so public as they were under the past, and it is now impossible to obtain full and reliable in. formation respecting the Dominion Civil Service, The reports to which we have currency are, however, we believe, correct.

——

an

UNDER THE SEA.

What lies at the bottom of the sea has always Seen a theme of wonder to the world. Such depths profound, such suns less caverns, ever yawning to swallow the great ships that go down with all their treasures, cannot fail to excite the imagin- “ The sea’s a thief,’’ ever recelv-

ation. ing and never giving out. Shakspeare says :—

“ Methonght I saw a thousand fearful wracks ;

A thousand men that fishes gnawed upon ;

Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pear.s;

Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels,

All scattered in the bottom of the sea:

Some lay in dead men’s skulls ; aod in those holes

Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept,

As’t were in scoru of eyes, reflecting gems.

Jules Verne’s scientific romance, ‘Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,’ has made it seem almost a practicable thing to have a vessel moved by electricity, and able to hold fresh air for use at the bottom ofthe sea. Butunti! this dream is realized we must rely on the explorations of sciens tificmen. Their apparatus for deep sea soundings are so much improved that they are able to tells us what lies at the bottom of the greatest depths and to correct many notions which have heretofore had scientific sanction. Thus it has been found that be» low a certain superficial depth the temper~ ature of the ocean is equable to the very bottom, and it is now more than suspected that the Gulf Stream dies out in mid ocean, and does not warm the shores of Europe as the world has been led to bes lieve.

But the most curious revelations are those concerning the inequalities of the ocean bottom. Old Bishop Burnet in- dulged his imagination with a view of the dry bed of the sea. ‘If weshould suppose the ocean dry,’ he says, ‘and that we looked down from the top of some high cloud upon the empty shell, how horridly and barbarously would it look! And with what amazement should we see it under us like an open hell,or a wide bottomless pit! So deep, and hollow, and vast ; so broken and confused; so every way de- formed and monstrous. This would effec- tually awaken our imagination, and make us inquire and wonder how such a thing came in nature; from what causes, by what force or engines, could the earth be torn in this prodigious manner? Did they dig the sea with spades, and carry out the moulds in hand-baskets ? Where are the entrails laid? And how did they cleave the rocks asunder ?’

Recent explorations justify the awfulness of this picture, especially as it depicts the great depths of the ocean. Until recently it was held that the depth of the North Atlentic nowhere exceeds 16,800 feet, but it is now found that between St. Thomas and Bermuda there is a depth of 22,800 feet, or more than four miles! How * hor- rid’ and ‘barbarous’ indeed, is such an abyss. The weight of a column of water one inch square being almost exactly a ton for every 800 fathoms of its height, it fol- lows thatthe pressure at this great depth is nearly fire tons to the square inch! Ther-~ mometers which had been tested undera hydrostatic pressure of three tons and a quarter, were crushed in the exploration at this depth. The greatest depth of the Pacific Ocean between California and China is found to be about two and a half miles. The bed of the Pacific is totally different from that of the Atlantic One thousand miles west from Cape Flattery, Washington Territory, soundings have discovered a mountain beneath the sea 2400 feet high, the grade on the eastern slope being 124 feet to the linear mile, while on the western slope the descent is only six feet to the mile continuing at this rate until the great depth of 15,204 feet is reached. In contrast to these great depths is the shallowness of the seas by which the Brit~ ish Islands are immediately surrounded. So shallow are they that an elevation of 600 fee: would not only join all these is» lands to each other, but would unite their eastern and southern borders to the Cons tinent of Europe, completely obliterating the North Sea and the English Channel. Prof. Carpenter is of the opinion that such a continuity has existed within a very re- cent geological period, and who shall say it may not come about again? An elevation of the bed of the English Channel, not equalling the height of St. Paul’s, would suffice to restore it along a considerable extent of the southern coast of England. What wil! become of ‘ the tight little isle’ when it is thus annexed to France! Then there is the Mediterranean, which while it has between Malta and Crete, a depth of nearly 12,000 feet, is so shallow at the Strait of Gibraltar that an elevation of 1200 feet woald close the Strait, and restore the continuity of Sicily with both Italy and the African continent, leaving two salt water lakes of enormous depth. The earth’s crust is contiaually rising and falling, in different parts of its surface through the operation of internal forces. What changes may not thus be brought about, in the lapse of ages, in the relative positions of land and water, islands and continents, nations and peoples ?— Portland Transcript.

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Lorp Dersy’s Tonic.—A speech from Lord Derby on any subject of social interest comes to us like a pleasant change of scene and an invigorating breath of air. So fresh, true, ani intellectually bracing are his views, so clear and convincing their expres- sion, that no man, however wise, but must be the better for them—no man, however dull, but must feel their wholesome stimu- lus. At Liverpool, on Saturday, he dis- tributed the prizes to the students of the college, and in the course of his remarks laid down’ some golden maxims as to life and conduct. A perfectly sound physical condition, said he, though apt to be despis. ed by students, is absolutely indispensable to good work. Take two men exactly alike in bodily and mental aptitudes, and let the one go on carelessly and idly, in dulging his appetites, and generally lead- ing a life of what is called pleasure, and let the other train himself by early hours, by temperate habits, and by giving to muscle and brain each their full share of employ. ment, and at the end of two or three years they will be as wide apart in their capacity for exertion as if they had been bern with totally different constitutionc.’’? Comment-~ ing on the view which we have always en~ forced, that it is not work, but worry, which kills, he went on to warn those students who thought they had no time for bodily exercise that they would one day have to find time for illness. Morning work, where it can be a matter of choice, is generally better than night-work, and—wise advice to all who lead the oversdriven life of big towns—where labor cannot be carried through without artificial support, it bes comes a grave question whether that kind of labour should be persisted inatall, For the young audience he was addressing these are indeed words of wisdom, which if pro- perly taken to heart and put into practice by youth similarly conditioned throughout the country, must make us very hopeful of the mental and physical stamina of the next generation.— Lancet.

a

According to Jenkins, in London, one-third

of the population are in receipt of relief as

paupers. One in every twenty is, a pauper.

acre nn ee TL

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Lenvox, Jan. 2Ist.—A deputation of working men, headed by Joseph Arch, waited upon Mr. Gladstone to-day, and | urged the propriety of extending the elec— tive franchise toagricultural labourers. \.r.