MAY 23. 1952

.f,,......

5 Feature for Every F"'dl!-- ' .

AmongTheFarmers Feiieratioii Of Agriculture flew: .

mi-eclnrs Mus

- rs or the Dalrymenk Ac- .01)..-1.'zCi.c.Ii)...et last Friday afternoon 1.3 discuss especially, problem of 1diTfilSlllg and marketing of this im,-'5 dairy production.

' The iniportunce of MIIBIJDE 111 lIli' Nllililllili Dairy AOVCITUIDB propiilill was stressed and support- - nil. Tim policy of setting ;i)lf'. cent. per pound butter- ... .;:,;..;.g the month of Julie has ml, M-Miicd in other provinces but our policy has been to contri- blm. ,. gr-zmt from the Dalrymen's issolmtiiiii. This has amounted L. not quite hull our share dur- mg mg pllst two years and because nl iIlt' importance of advertising ,m,.- products today, the directors lvli'Iil-- policy of supporting the Nzitinnzil Publi ity program must riuiigcd. mil:-ii4rir;iiiuii directors also met 1i'i'l(ili)' evening to hcar a report hum the lilm-lictlng Board case ;iilli discuss the Federation pro- ;l'lllll iur the il'ullilI'li."f'. -um present program is centered Zil0llild an investigation into new uchlis of processing various farm proilirs and the re-organization ni s--irr.'li producer-owlied dairy ,,m,..vs in Prince County. A survey . .1 living inside. info the econ- possibiliiics oi grass

I - mid

Silo Plans

l'n:lilClS who have not obtained wv of the recent. report on ;.'l.l.. .lIOS in this Province can gr-i nuliiy vlilinibic ideas from an lIiTi1Ii' ill this il'f'ek's.Fill'niIy Her- vnmlou "Concrete Trench

lilo

Mnrliriilig Results

. ill ihc Family Herald of

' is an editorial which 2 on the accomplishments 0! tr; B.U. Ti-cc Fruits Marketing llnnhi. Results In the farm of

i-mm-ns to producers. in v products and expanding nro what count. The B.C. E:lllli'Ol'S loo, certainly had - i7l0I)IPfllS and legal battles this Marketing .1 -flit) npcrutiriil. Have a look at Hus zlriii-le entitled ”Statistics in 'iin- Orclind".

Tier-I Prices

M umniciit Miniiiiiic iiccf pvrr. 2-: :i::.uu in line. The Fed- ml Hvnr mice progrnin has been pill lllitl (illPl".liil)ll in major Cana- dian ni..i-irvls nlthough it is our lizidcrsnliitiilitz that to date no so have been made by packers ill the .il:irltlnics to the Federal Limcliiilivill. Agency.

.'ir7.i'lL.II.". our mcy iinvuirm in beef should enable l)llI'i' pro,i;i'nni to be effective I'. l'.'llIli)ilI. ninklrig any ur- riiusrs lie that as it may. 1 are is umpie evidence to suggest that parlws miurnlly don't like floor prim. they Illll'P found their best nrrnuv iur m:ikinr,: money in sliov- in; lluim priccs mid filling up rnnlv-gr uhvn the opportunity pre- mm irxrlf. whnt toniorrow will Ilili'iL'. lin min klinws, but at. the mnmrm our iilurilinic cnttic prices an ucli in line wih outsido mur- inu. Thrv can stay that way if ihe lii.i,:ui'iiy ni producers co-oper- ate ililil their own organizations. iinz lill(i bccf producers in Nova Swim and New Brunswick have , inil'.l('i that such co-operation pays.

lin-

Cheess Outlook

nrvmt contacts with the cheese inarket in Quebec and Ontario in- liltilio that there is a definite swing auiay iloin the production of cheese

lll thosc provinces this year. 'lhu iccent agreement -worked rclicf from the

H M wiirezhig. gasp-

i"L' stniccle iur brentil caused by Ahihfda. Iii-v R i.'rXi.ill. spot-inllv made to rdlcvc .iuhi-u nun-rv. Helps you sleep nmi will-. in rnlninli. Don't lose another

Get welcome

hiililis deep. Take Templr-inn'aRAz-Mail "Win 036. 51.35 at diiiggists.

I-JO

ron nus asst Ill BRIIGSTOIIE IIEEIIS I Shop Al I

"v--cvwo-a mums Oluasnt an. "IF

PIIOIIE SOOI

COMPLILTE VIHIJAI. Bl'iFRAUllI(IN and ANALYSIS G. F. HUTCHESON a son -Optometrists

53 Grafton SI. &----n-----------

3 Maritime defici-

out between the Dominion Gov. ernmcnt and the Ontario emu. Mlrketmz Board will undou tedly stabilize markets to some egtcntz This should help our Mariam. And because Ontario producers will have financial back- ing to store their cheese and reg. ulate its distribution, this an-nngg. ment should indirectly assist. tin; cheese industry in this Province, This D0110! 1! also another illus- tration of the desire of Federal authorities to work with producer marketing organizations rather then establish floor prices and as- sume direct government control.

Trips and Meetings

It is often suggested that Na- tional meetings and trips to cm. ral Canada to get infomiation and discuss problems with I ,rescnta- tives from other provinces are fruitless and unnecessary. In real- ity, however, that is not the case, also in actual practice such trips and meetings provide little time for relaxation.

ofen the information received and decisions reached cannot be put into practice immediately but being part of a vast country go- ing through an age of rapid de- velopments we must keep in touch w th the other provinces and with national authorities.

Our secretary, Mr. Dewar, is presently in Ottawa attending I meeting on Vocational education and obtaining further information on the questions of rail grading of beef, livestock killing plant, etc. In this day and age, progress in such public ventures cannot be made without facts, advance plan- ning. and discussion with others working in the same field.

Denmark Beats Foot-Mouth Discus

(From May issue of II.A.P. News): Recent outbreaks of foul.- and-mouth disease in Denmark have practically been beaten.

Due to different circumstances, the production of vaccine was in- sufficient when the eplzootic start- ed 'ln the autumn of 1951. the Danish Agricultural Council says. strong efforts were made to catch up and the vaccine pl , now is sufficient for elaborate pre- cautions which ars being taken to stop.the disease from ading. Most cases have been the A-type but, also, the C-type has appear- ed. No herds have been killed off. About 12 per cent. of all herds in Denmark suffered from the dis- ease, compared with 55 per cent. during the last outbreak in 1938-

9. i

one Million Tractors Made in 1951

One million tractors were made in the world in 1951. T This estimate is given in a Unit- ed Nations. study, "The European Tractor Industry in the Setting of the World Market." More than half the number of tractors manu- factured last year were produced in the United States. The study says North America has more than two-thirds of the world tractor fleet, while it has only is per cent of the world's arable land. Latin America, Asia and Africa own less than five per cent of the tractors in the world, but account for nearly half of the world's arable land. Eur- ope has about 25 per cent of the world tractor fleet, and 32 per cent of the world's arable land.

The United Kingdom has more tractors per acre than any other country in the world. It has one tractor for every 23 hec of arable land. Switzerland. New zea- land, United States, the Nether- lands, Sweden and Western Ger- many follow in that order. Russia has one tractor per 400 hectares of arable land and in the Far East there is only one tractor for every 13000 hectares. Tilers are 2.5 acres in one hectare.

sums uluiviisasio to .A v 5

Among l,o00 cattlemen attending the National Holstein sale. Premier J. Walter Jones of Prince Edward

1

woomeovwooac 3 .

l

O-O9-Q-O-O-0-O-Of 90 0464.10 000

At the Seattle, Wash. Fur Ex- change sale last. week a collection of 17.000 choice muakrat was 95 per cent sold. There was no price change. Average collections brought 31.10 to 31.40. Of 24,000 rancii mink offered 38 per cent was sold Top bundle of dark mink brought I31. Prices were unchanged as fine malu sold from 820 to 331, females. :10. to 815; ordinary males :15. to 318, females, ordinary. 87. to 39. A fine group of BEDDIIIIES (700) was 80 per cent. sold, males bringing 340 to 375, females, :25 to 344', 8200 pas- tels were 40 per emf. sold. males going from I25 to 342. females. :15 to :20; silvcrblus brought :18 to I27 for males and 312 to 316 for females. -

I O I

Soft-tex. a process for new and old fur garments developed by Gen- eral Fur Cleaners. Inc.. has met with overwhelming success. when applied it adds lustre and enables the fur to retain its natural beau- ty much longer. it is applicable to all furs with the exception of Persian lamb and4iroadta.ilmTne manufacturers claim that it lasts on a garment for at least. one sea- son. The response has been so great that the manufacturers cannot keep up with the demand.

I I

There is it big row going on in New York among the manufactur- ing furrlers because of the practise of farming out work to small shops. This contract is illegal in union shops but smaller firms are using it and cutting prices. This in our opinion is a natural outcome as a great many of the manufacturing furriers have been asking prices that were were too high to promote the sale of the garments that were manufactured. The new trend may be all to the good for the raw fur business.

a

O C

The International Fur and Len- thcr Workers' Union of the Un- lied states is putting on a bold pro- gram asking for federal aid for the fur industry to enable mar- ginal producers to stay in business. They claim that due to fur taxu,

TIMELY IIOTES OII TOPICS. i OOIIIIEOTEII WITII

Silver Fox and Mink Farming

. Thursday and Friday, May 22nd and

I THE GUARDIAN. Premier Jones With "Abegweit Plush"

Island sold a four-year-old cow, Abegwelt Plush, seen above, for 81.025. A bull calf. Abegwcit Lime-

hlgii cost of living and other fac- tors the fur business is in a bad state and that it. will be necessary for the government to lend aid to enable Producers, manufacturers and retailers to make sufficient. profits to keep the industry stable. 0 0

United Mink Breeders Associa- tion are offering the last of their standard dark mink at auction in New York. May 20th. They call them 50,000 oi the best dark mink in the world". Each bears the UME tag which they claim is I guarantee of the finest dark mink in the world.

too

Ranch mink was 78 per cent sold at the Edmonton. Alta. auction last. week. Dark and extra dark males brought from :18 to 321 and females :10 to sll.50. other mink prices were, ordinary quality males. 815 to 317; females. 88.50 W 39.50: ones and twos males. :11. to 814. females. 36. to 37.50; heavy type muskrat. large and extra. large. brought. from 31.48 to 31.66: medium and small 80 cents to 92 cents.

O O O

The Hudson's Bay Company held a two day raw fur auction on

28rd of beaver, otter, muskrat. white fox. ermine, wild mink and H.500 mutation mink. No details of the sale will be available until next week.

Lampson. Fraser as Huth had a very successful auction last week. the offering being for the Mutation Mink Breeders' Association. Prices were strong with females outstand- ing. A number of merchants who came to the sale expecting little competition and lower prices were surprised by the sustained and widespread interest. section one of sapphires was 100 per cent sold with a top of 582 for males. :42 for females. 6,000 Aleutian: were 84 per cent sold with a top of 357 and a low of tel: Whites were 73 per cent sold with a top of 578 and a low of 337. Breath of Spring pas- tels wcre Bl per cent sold with a top of :51 and a low of 819: ste- wart pastels were 80 per cent sold

ciiAiu.o'rrs'rown

light went on the auction block for 31,500. The sale drew animals from Holstein herds across the country.

with it top of :56 and S25 for light and pale. O 0

Department and specialty store figures indicate that these stores carried a slightly higher priced line of Sllverblu capes in 1951 than did fur stores. For the most part, how- ever, the same pattern of prices holds for both store groups. A slightly lower price is forecast for the coming season with the fur- siores apparently withdrawing from the sl.850 and over bracket.

0 0 O

A definite downward shift in the best. retail price of pastel mink capes is predicted for 1952. Only 18 per cent of all fur retailers indic- ated that their best average price for this fur wet 31.250 in 1951; 35 per cent estimated that this will be their best. average price in 1952, while 10 per cent. estimate their best average 1952 level at 32.250 and over.

I O 0

Fox and mink ranchers will please bear in mind the annual meeting of the Prince Edward Island Fur Breeder-st Association, which will be held in the Vocational school, Char ttctown, at 2.00 p. m. Tou- day, May 27th. Every fox and mink farmer who can pomibiy sparc,the time should he presents as matters of importance to the industry will be talked overland arrangements will be made for holding the an- nual fox and mink exhibitions this fall. While the fur industry-at least the fox part of it-is going through a very difficult period." yet we must remember that it is one of the oldest industries in the world and has survived all kinds or dis- asters. During our own tenure of life we have seen many ups and downs and we believe that the silver fox industry, now so badly hit. will eventually stage a come- back. It may take 8. year or two more but a fur that has been so long held as beautiful cannot slip out of sight altogether.

k...c.....c. OAPONIZINGI .

Incraass profits by bigger birds.

Best age 5-6'weeks. Write or phone-

ROBERT WEBSTER, l7-2 More"

US. Cattle Buyers Flock To Canada F o

tumou- . lifted. sim- npusentin; tho

1xTswsY

3001-Hf-OOs&O

soil structure

last May we discussed tiltb and tillage and mentioned that the physical structure of a. soil is often the most important factor in this determination of suitable soil conditions for the growth of crops. The structure of a soil de- pends upon the arrangement of the separate soil particles.

we speak of soils being loose or compnct in structure; thus clay in a fine friable condition would have a loose structure, but if the individual particles are gathered in groups or clumps, the structure would be described as crumby or glandular. Should this same soil be stirred up in a wet ondition it. would ” come very dense and such a soil would be called puddlcd or have a compact structure.

structure of P. E. Island soils

Mr. G. B. Whiteslds in his "Soil Survey of Prince Edward Island". classes the great majority of "is- land" surface soils as fine sandy foams. He states: "Soil structure is only feebiy developed, tends to be crumblike in the surface soil and nut or small blocky-like in -the subsoil." Referring to the six medium textured soil series, which occupy 35.4 per cent of the "Is- land" soils he comments: "Because of the lack of cohesion the soils of the above mentioned weil-draln- ed series, especially where situated on the strongly undulating to strong- ly rolling topography. are suscept- ible to damage by water erosion. Particular attention to sound mali- agement and tillage practices is enential for the conservation of the soil and management. of fer-

The series of three heavier tex- tured soils or 9 per cent of the soils of the province are classified as clay loam. The Queen's series. which are small areas near Crown Point and Orwell Point, has a structure described as follows: "The thickness of the surface layer is from 4 to 8 inches, under good management. it is mellow and has a crumb structure, particularly in well established grassland. Tile structure. however, is easily de- stroyed by lmproper management. the soil loses its desired tilth, tends to become hard and cracked in dry seasons. Destruction of the structure leaves the soil suscept- ible to puddling when wet which often leaves it 'dead' and hard to work."

Regarding the O'Leary series he states: "The cultivated surface soil is usually soft and mellow with a tendency to a small, crumb structure, however. it may often be small cloddy. The structure is

By J. A. Clark. D.le.

easily destroyed and when dry the -

Norms.

surface or tile drainage. which is- inovcc excess water, will loosen the soil and improve the irculation of water and air produced by 5 "slack-

ing" of the soil. greatly as- sists in producing the granular structure desired.

Tillage operations, when they

"9 wtih that maul: soil con- dition sometimes referred to as friable, (that is when there is only capillary water present, and when the soil does not show any free water when compressed). will greatly help the soil to become crurnby or granulated.

The structure of the soil on our dairy farms well illustrates the advantage of humus in develop- ing good tilth. Decayed organic matter. known as humus, is a dark coloured, gelatinous substance that helps to produce 1. granular structure in the soil. We all know that the maintenance of humus means improved tilth of the land and larger crops. '

The use of lime on our acid soil: has very beneficial results. This is particularly true of our heavier soils. It gathers the fine particles together in groups, spok- en of as flocculation. and when the soil dries, these become gran- ules. Heavy soils that are rich in carbonate of lime are sometimes so mellow that they have been mistaken for sandy soils.

when soils are frozen, long needle-like crystals cut through the soil in every direction. The network of crystals have cleav- ing action that is so powerful that the hardest clods fall to pieces after two or more periods of thawing and freezing. When I field-has been improperly worked, and the surface has become ciaddy, frost is the most effective agent in restoring fertility.

The penetration of plant roots, which are innumerable in grass lands, the burrowing of ants and earthworms and other forms of

i'AGE ELEVEN

improvement agencies. Under fav- ounbls oondi cu-uiwcins

greatly improved when left h grass for a. few years

an

A research laboratory product, known as CED-180. s. syntlutlc soil conditioner, has boon glnn the name of xx-ilium. In many tests. under different soil and climatic conditions on this con- tinent. this chemical has cut-I!

many types of soil. It is said to glue clay soils into porous lumps (like worm cuts), from the also of tiny seeds to clumps ublg as buck shot, and that these hold to- gcthcr when flooded with water. Remu-kable results have also been obtained on alkali soils of very poor structure.

We an told that Krilium is of the type of chemicals used to pro- duce synthetic fibres for the lnanufacture of clothing: that its molecules form long chains that attach themselves to tha fins col- loidal clay particles. binding them together into stable clumps. The holes thr-0.,” these clumps permit water and air not only to move readily through these spaces. but also allow plant roots to penetrate to the microscopic clay ps.rticles.,

Ki-illum is not a plant food. it is resistant to the action of soil bacteria, which evidently prolong its soil binding properties. and add to its value in preventing soil erosion. Company, who originated Krilium. have restricted this yearls output to research workers. The approx- lmate cost is 82.00 per pound, and the results mentioned above were obtained from the use of about 1,000 pounds per acre. Its cost, at present, for ordinary farm prac- tice, is prohibitive. Increased de- mand may lower the cost sub- stantially. -

Italian scientists claim to have a similar substance. called "Flotal" which is already on the market.

The older coal beds of the At. lantic Provinces are all bit minous, while other Canadian coaliields

animal life. an all important soil

range up to semi-anthi-ieite types.

FERGUSON

Now is the time to buy See

Euston Street

"POWER FULL TRACTOR" at our Showroom.

W. S. BAIIBOIIII LTO.

Ask the man who own: one.

TRACTORS

for your Spring Work. This

Charlottetown

surface fl fly becomes crust- ed and may form shrinkage crac ." He describes the Egmont. series as follows: "Where clear- ed the surface soils are dark brown, dark grey or black in col- our, having a higher organic-mat- fer content generally than the 0'I..eary soils. The surface layer is also slightly deeper and when under good grass cover tends to have a. moderately good crumb structure. Quite often the sub- surface or leached layer is thick- er than in the better drained soils. It may be laminated and usually cohesive to sticky and puddled when wet."

Means of improving Structure

There have been a number of factors that have influenced gran- ulation or improved structure in our soils. some of these are: ade- quate drainage: doing tillage op- erations only when there is no free water present. but Just the capillary (film) water in the soil; the maintenance of humus in the soil; the use of lime; the penetra- tion of plant roots. earthworm and burrowlngs of other animal life, these all improve soil struc- ture. .