PAGE FOUR

TIIE SlilllUTTEilllflil Gllllllllllll

Morning Daily (Founded In 1817)

President: Lieut. on. W. Cheater S. Mel-Ito Vlee-Prelident: J. IL Burnett. I‘. J. I. Secretary: Lieui. Col. D. A. Muiinnon. 0.5.0. ldltbr and Mnnuin Director: J. I». Burnett, I‘..I.l. Amcinte Editors: Frank Walker and Lient. Inn A. Burnett. R.C.N.V.R. (On Actin Serviee)

‘The Strongest Memory i: Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.‘

.i___»_~______________ _ lruunsnnv, rvovarimm u. 1m

Libelling Mr. Ralston

It is known to nrost people, especially to those of us in this Province whose representa- tive he has been in the Government, that Col. Ralston favoured all-out conscription, advocat- ed its errforcenretrt two years ago, and was only withstood by Prime Minister King's specious promise that he would agree to its adoption when compulsion was actually deemed necessary. Af- ter recctrt 1l]l])(‘.'ll$ for rcinforcetrretrts from over- $01M staffs trntncllt-tl through the Canadian liC€l(l([lllll‘lL'l'.i in lxiridnrr, Co]. Ralston visited the various tirnnts where he found strbstamial confrrrrratioi; of the Xlacedotritrrr cry of oar llflrd-Prtl~'c<l 13u1'e>. 1hr return he pttt the‘ dire necessity lrti-rrt- the l'rinre .\litrister, rvlro riot only turned it down. bu: disruisscd Col Ralstotr as .\lrnr~tt-r,ot' llefcrrcc because of his impor- trinity.

This is knorvn, as we say, to most of us. Yet here is the [*l'.tl>.'l;j.’lll\l.'l on the point just issued from Liberal llut-lrprtrt't.-r's to Liberal tiews- pitpers to (‘Xlllillll the Prime Ministers voile face:

“Reports from Col. Ralston as late as Aug- ust had led tiit- whole (iovernrirerit to believe that the reitrftirct-nrrnt situation was satisfactory. \\'hcn the torntcr Defence Minister, late last month, 1'[‘[l<-l'lt‘(l the probability of a serious de- ficiency, Cultinr! Jlinlslrrs were stunned . . '. lt was partly on this account Mr. King asked for and reccirrd Co]. Ralstorfs resignation."

Tilrat being the case, we must apologize t0 Mr. lkilll; and his Government for not realizing that they were more conscriptionist even than the dismissed Minister of Defence hirnselfl

Mr. King To Blame

One of the ablest Liberal journalists in Can- ada is Mr. (irant Dexter, Ottawa correspond- ent for the llTuni/trg Free Pram, Mr, Dexter tells frankly wlry Quebec is so indignant at Prime .\‘lllllSlC1‘ Mackenzie King over conscrip- tion. lt is not~as Mr. King alleges—becausc the ’I‘ories have been spreading discord, bttt be- cause of his owtr tiniidity and deceit. These are not the PYCCiSE words Mr. Dexter uses, but what follows is his story:

lf the lillvCflllllCllt had gone through with Col. Ralstorfs lTCllllllllClldiillOll of conscription when it was tirade oti Oct. l8, Quebec Liberals “Ulllfl have rtwoltctl, but there would have been no sen-e of (ruirztqtr. lrr fact, however, Col. l\'.'rl.-t-'rt| was (lisitiissctl by .\lr. King and Que- bec took this as a decisive victory over the cori- scriptionisis. The summoning of General Mc- Naughton was taken as the final affirmation oi the tllt—c‘t|t1:-Q‘.'i]>li(lil policy, confirmed by the statements of both the Prinre Minister and his new Blinistcr. (Jeneral McNaughton went to the extreme lettgtlt of saying that, if Mr. King had not lield to the voluntary system, he (the General) would not llQ the Minister of National Dcfctrse. And Lictieral .\Ic.\'atightotr was not rpealting loosely. lle had read all the reports, taken the advice of his experts, was speaking himself as an expert.

The effect of all this oti Quebec was elec- frifyitrg. The adroczrte of conscription had been dismissed front office. A Daniel had come to judgment. And what a Daniel! Here was the greatest military trran of the day who pub- licly testified against conscription. For Quebec the crisis was over. Conscription was out.

When, later on, tieneral .\lc.\'attghtoit de- clarcd that his views had not been shaken by the advice of his D. O. C.'s——called to Ottawa for consultatiori—tlre belief in Quebec that cou- ecrigitiotr was discredited was only deepened.

On \\'edrrestlay' last week, at 3 olclock, when Mr. liitig read the Ralstoti resignation corre- spondence, the Quebec members listened with approval to the letter in which Mr. King, liitn- self, declared that conscription was not now nec- essary.

llut the following 24 hours brought sitatter- irrg disillusiorrrirent. .'\t 3 o'clock 011 Tillllfidflv- the satire .\lr'. King arose in his place and read the l1l‘(ll'l'-ill-CLllll1Cll applying conscription to 10,000 Zonrh

“The effect," says Mr. Dexter, "czinriot be described. It was nut that cortscription had been proclaimed, rat/lrr it was a deep _.rl'llsc of be‘- lraynl, If I'll/l 3o lllllf hrrn proclaimed mi Col. Ruhr/twirl‘ ramirilitrtttlulimt, thcrv TUOII/(l Irate hccu tfl,l'(l/’/‘I)lll/IIIt‘lll, rtwtvrlttirnl and opposition, b”; 1],,» Lihcrnls of Qitrliutc would hill/l? under- stood that their litiglish-s/irrikittg colleagues were acling m: cottvirlion amt in strict accordnuilh part jtlctlgtxr. If Mr. Kitty; had than resigned, Ihrv TUUIl/Il lint-r l'/lt'l't.\'/It‘tf no personal nniirltts ago/lrr! hit‘ c0ti.rt'ri/~lioiil.rt successor.

"But TU/ltll turf/titration, they asked, could there hr of the earn/s rvlzich had occurred JUICE (intern! Alraatrig/lilanir appointment? What luilllury tlixnrlrr, hrlivrzvz 3 o'rlork ll/ednesdfly fllltf 3 ifrlark Thwart/try, ltitd tnatlc COIISCVIPHU," nt‘t"t'.r.rtir'_\‘.' flow tuv/tlain (icmv-ul ll/fcNttg/lloni‘ sllmtl for 1hr 7'0.'.'IllItll‘_\' xvi/rill right up _l0 'l'ltttr.rtlay and lhcli his appearance from behind llfi’. .S'/~mltvi".r rlmfr In my that he had changed his lit/ltd!’

"'l'/,,,,,- i/ tflt- Ihrll lollny rmumg the Quebec nlrmhcrs Iltrrr ix a hurtling; sense of betrayal. All linmxtt ililfcrrticc of n/tiltion is onejhmq; u rial/It'll tilmul-Irtrtt, toil/tout explnlltillv". i5 quot/lrr." _

This, we rcpeatfis a Liberal journalist's (x- planatiori of the crisis on Parliament Hill.‘ It places the onus fairly and squarely on the Prime Mitrister. affording :rir extreme example of the danger that arises in putting politics ahead of country. ,

THE ci-uuuxvnniroww cuannum

The Family Farm

_-Agricultural economies in Canada and the United States are largely identical. Thus, when Secretary of Agriculture Claudc R. Wickard said that the family-size farm is one of the foundation stones of his country, he might as easily have been talking of the Dominion.

' We have perhaps. suggests an‘ exchange, given too much attention to the great spreading acres of the West, where it is not unusual to find whole sections of 640 acres under culti- vation by one owner. More consideration is due the small farmer, the man who, on a lrun- dred acres or less, must maintain himself and his family. That is where every foot of land must be made to contribute. There is little room for experimentation or gambling. Care- ful planning for every field, season after sea- son, is essential.

Even good farmers need help in the con- duct of their business. They must have assured markets. They must have reliable advance in- formation as to the form of those markets, as

t0 the proper proportion of production for vari- ous crops. Such things can be given thetii only through a wise and explicit tiational agricultural policy. We have not always had this in the past, nor have we really achieved it yet. It is one point of planning for the future which cannot

be nqlected.

EDITURIAI. NU||I§ The Feast of St. Andrew. i‘ 1|‘ if i

_ To have a secret session of the British Par- liament, in either House, the vote must be un- arirmous. This procedure was not followed by the Prime Minister at Ottawa, hence the withdrawal of certain constitutionalists. I i U I

Not very promising for C. C. F. Mr. john Queen. c. c. F. candidate in at. ‘Vinnipeg mayoralty, was defeated by Mayor Garnet Cotrlter who registered the largest majority in the city's history.

n- o n :-

The Quebec Bureau of Statistics reports that the final estimate for the 1944 Quebec po- tato crop was 15,201,000 hitndredrveiglit corn- pared with 11,256,000 in 1943. In bushels, this represented an increase in production of 6,- 575,000. Officials of the Agriculture Depart- ment said they were optimistic regarding mar- keting prospects. In the last few weeks the market had been firmer and a slight increase irr price had been noted.

w- a n a

Rt. Hon. Winston Churchill, Prime Min- ister of Britain, born this date I874: “You ask, What is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land atid air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us: to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassing in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is otir policy. You ask, \Vlrat is ottr aim? I can answer in one word: Victory-victory, in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.”

i I i ‘

Farmers in Etiglatid have brought an ad- ditional 6,000.000 acres of land under cultiva- tion with tllg help of 85,000 girls who had never done farm work before, Mrs. Janet Strang, Chief Instrttctress in dairy farming and poul- try husbandry at Norflianrptotishire Institute 0f Agriculture. England, told Canadian farm boys and girls in Toronto for the tratiotial contest for farm club boys and girls. She also said the 40 per cent increase in milk production was the greatest achievement of Plnglislr farmers dur- ing the war.

Experts testified before the special Con- gressional Committee on newsprint, Washing- ton, tliat expansion of newspaper advertising is essential to the successful post-war conver- sion of industry to civilian goods. Only through day to day advertising, declared the expert evi- dence, can housewives and other consumers learn the kinds and the amounts of saleable articles available, thereby stimulating tirodttctioir and employment. Government officials and urem- bers of the Congressional Committee agreed that every effort should be made to bring about immediate relaxation of present restriction.

I O I I

Britain's civil air pilots, who since the war began have flown unarmed aircraft thousands of miles across the world, often itrto battle areas, have received official recouuriendation for their work. It is announced that pilots. navigators, radio operators and engineers of the British Overseas Airways civil air liners and freight-carrying planes are to receive the 1939-43 Star or the Africa Star. Side by side with the pilots of British fighters and bombers, these men have kept open vital limpire air routes. Today the British Overseas Airrvays Corpora- tion, wherein were merged Imperial Airways and British Airways, operates over 70,000 miles of routes, flying more than a million miles per month, no longer as a commercial concern, brtt entirely at the disposal of the Ilrifisli (jovern- ment.

a a n I

Mr. King's "simple explanation," or his readers "simplicity." The Prime Minister said Thursday in the House of Commons that there is apt to be confusion in the public mind on the status of men who will move overseas following authorization to conscript 16,000 draftecs. He said he would seek to put the position simply by saying that "if there were 1,000 men called under the National Resources Mobilization Act in a camp and none volunteer- ed they would still be N. R. M. A. men a week from now. But if some volunteered, they would become GeneraLService men. “If those Gen- eral Service men are sent overseas the public may assume that they are other than the N. R. M. A. men of today. But they would not be, they would be exactly the same men." Mr. King, says Montreal Gazelle, deserves muclr

credit for the lucidity with which he has simpli- fied his position.

lloies liy The Way

According to London deepag. cites. Hitler has inundice. Which means that all the yellow has come out on him at labia-Winnipeg Free Preel.

A strange pie, the Swedes. according to t elr nelg-nbore. Right new they have two or three young men who seem capable of running a mile 1n four minutes, with no- ismzgiy after them. — Sudbury Dally

This 1| no ordinary lune, nor l: this {an ordlna y time. The issue and the time alike demand the utmost in public reéponslblllty and private coura e. oee who are ultimately mo concerned and affected are the Canadians over- seu who have shown that the are possessed of both these qua ttles. --Montreal Gazette.

___._

Recent demonstration or a bus body constructed entirely of ply- wood. including even the chassis frame parts. made a '

bus weighing

> convention-

bodied ‘one. But, although

this may point the wiry to saving of

weight. and metal. bus builders and

operators should go slow and rc-

menroer the old ivoocten railroad

couches .'I‘hey were light, but. they

splintercd and collapsed terribly 1n

collision, wreaking a savage toll of Passengers-Boston Post.

—ln n. letter to me written lrr I

1890. Huxley says that. lie (ins never valued the individual dis. coverles of science, great, as they so much as her methods; after him. wlll be in some degree 11ml that he shall be well content if by lrls efforts thosl. who come 1n consequence cf them, less hindered by Organized aunwytty 1n thmklne truly and freely than 1n hi5 Y0w18er days.- Edivln Ray lsankester, from En- core.

There is n new inducement to hasten the end of the war 1n the announcement that chemical treat- ment of fibres, developed 1n recent months for war uses, has already attained such s. state of perfection that; women can be assured their silk stockings will be run-proof ivnen the new process is applied to hosiery. It ls all due, the ex- plnnation goes, to a deposit of submlcroscopfc grains of sand or silica which prevent: the fibres from slipping-out. of the positions into which they are knitted. For the men, the same process means suits that won't wrinkle or wllt, that. will never pick up a shine and will always retain their creases.- Boston Poet.

Our neighborhood music store tells us that fully half the young people that come 1n buy sym- phony, concerto, or operatic rec- ords. When we told about. pilots we know who, after hours of list- ening to roaring motors and ma- chine guns, like nothing better than to listen to Beethoven, Moz- art or Rlmsky-Korsukov on their record players, wlille they build model planes, the young woman behind the counter ventured the opinion that these men of action found the clasics soothing. Is lt. the fellows bored stiff ln bar-

racks and bases that. prefer boogie- woogle-Clrrlsllan Science Monitor Boston. -

Some results of the shortage 0| man wer in Australian country distr cts: Donkeys have become such a nuisance 1n South Australia that. there ls to be a. round-up. For sevzral years they have been roam- ing, breeding, knocking down fences and tramnllnz down or eatlnu the scarce feed. If they cannot be sold they will be destroyed. Dingoes 1n Western Queensland have caused unbelievable damage. One zrirzler 1n twelve months had his flock of sheep reduced from 31.000 to l7.8C0 -—not an exceptional ease. The nov- ermrrznt: 1s ofIer-ln

in the earlv days. cost. the country millions in DB-stures des- troyed. TTBDDIDE has been reduced and ivlre-nettlxig 1s difficult to ob- taln. Seven rabbits eat or destroy sufficient grass pasture on‘: sheen-Australian News Letter.

A great. grand-uncle of Prime Minister Churchill was at. one time Govemcr of Brussels, according to Belgian information sources. L'e was General Charles Churchill. born February 2, 1656, a Sir Winston Churchill and Eliza- beth, daughter of Slr John Drake. He was brother to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. Governor of the Tower of London in Queen Anne's reign, the General went to Belgium to take part: 1n the war of Spanish succession. The Duke of Marlborough won a signal victory at Ramlllles on May 23, 1706, and entered Brussels a few days later, accompanied by his brother Char- les, whom he appointed Governor. Tire following month an lmport- ant. Belgian newspaper printed this statement: "Thanks to Hts Excellency General Churchill . . the roads of the low countries are beginning to be free."—Exc. t

British Columbia's invincible love of dubious experiments seems to have invaded the field of higher- educntlon. The provincial univers- ity has decided to start an exten- sion course on marriage. It 1s stat- ed thls course will “help smooth tlre rocky road of readjustment for nervly-wecls, and at tlte same time establish better relations between older husbands and wives." The university evidently cherishes a low opinion of human nature, at least. B. C. nature. It Ls note- worthy that the material for the course has been prepared by committee consisting of psychiatrists. . . . We trust. that Canada's other universities will stick to their proper spheres, and not set themselves up as stand- lns for Dorothy Dix. Calgary Al- bertan.

The story at Breda, the Dutch town which was freed by the Brit- leli from the Germans the other dny, is typical of the tangled his- tory of many European commun- ities, says ‘The sault Ste. Marie Star. Originally a feudal estate of the Holy Roman Empire, it. was sold in 1323 to Brabant. and ss- ed later into the hands of Wi 11am 1, first stadtholder of The Nether- lands. It. was captured twice by the Spaniards, once in 1581 and again in 1626, but. was recaptured in 1m by Frederick Henry of Orange, and in 1646 it was finally ceded to Holland by the Treaty of Westphalia. The French also cap- tured Breda twice, in I'M and 1795. but in 1013 the citizens of Breda again mude themselves masters of

the town. Two pence treaties were negotiated there by England, France, Denmark and Holland, one

in 1667 and the other in 1748-47.

ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Sun-This brief outline, based on various reference books (not In! memoryr may hflD us to decide how essentiaIL-ntin is to theteech- lng of Exigllah trnd to our under- standing 0f the basis of our E118- llsli language.

1. 12 or 13 centuries ago, Eng- land was inhabited by Celts- appliedCeltlc language; no English ex s e .

II. Angles, Saxons. Jutes lived where are now Denmark, Holland,

-N. Germany. ‘These spoke Teu-

torrlc language, very like Holland Dutch. Angles, Saxons, Jules, came to Britain 1n search of food, trea- sure; many remained.

III. English tongue grew as result of mixture of the two stronger trlbcs.Angles and Saxons, and became known as Anglo-Sax- on (often called “Old Engllslr"). Name of country became Angle- land, or Etrgelond, 1n time, Eng-

land. Language of Anal-Saxons, now called Eirglisli.

Examples 0t‘ Anglo-Saxon words ~—"Morgerr tld"—now “morning "Condo? _ ‘candle’; "bright." i e of the Ariel-Saxons, now English, was so simple that it-language dealt. svlttr everyday llfe, and our words inherited from Anglo-Saxon are simple words- ncme, tlre, light; common breDosl- trons like to. from. over-conjunc- Liort, "and".

Century dictionary states that. three fourths of me words still used in everyday llfe come from Anglo-Saxon!

IV. In 597 st. Augustine came from Rome to Britain. Other Curls- tian rrtlssionnrtes followed. Church established. Church services read in Latin. Number of Latin words, mostly dealing with religion. added to Anglo-Saxon and some of Greek derivation. Simple Anglo-Saxons cliartgcu words-shortened tliem- ex. eplscopus-blscop later became bishop.

V. 1066 William the Conqueror, or Wllllanr of Normandy (who doesn't know it) landed in Eng- land. Tliese Normans, or Norman French, originally Northmen from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, raided France, finally given grants of land by French king.

VI. Normans » brought French civilization and large part of French tongue, tongue founded on Latin, to England. 1311811511 holed Normans and clung to Angl- Saxori. how become the English latiguuge.

VII. In tlmmreltitlonshlp became frleritlly and people ceased to be French rind Angl-Saxons, and oe- came Etngllslrmen. came combination of native 15mg- llSll. and Norman. French gram- lmtgr (alt) remained largely Eng- ls

Language of everyday llfe re- mained Angl-Saxori, language of 10111111111}; and formal speech, from

nc l.

Since French had Latin as its foundation. tr large Latin element came into English, 1n changed form, with the French. Often a French word was adopted with-the same meaning as the simple An- gl-Saxon word, the former was supposed to bestow elegance, or culture (ulr!) '

Examples: Anglo-Saxon Frfllwh

Home Residence Show Slgfllfy

Maintain Gracious

IX. In 16th century more Latin Words added because of similarity to French, and Greek words udd- ed

X. Mzrny Latin prefixes and suf- fixes added to form new words.

XI. The Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes, however, form by no

language. Tlre retrl strength of the language. the bulk of the la- nrlllzir, simpler words, the words of everyday speech (three-fourths of them according to Century Dlc- tionary) are Teutonic (AHElO-sflli- on) tn origin.

Many prefixes and suffixes of same origin Anglo-Saxon.

XII. Italy, Spain. Arabia. Inrlla. West. Indies, Holland, Scandinavia and other countries have all eon- trlbuted to English vocabulary.

XIII. English constantly chang- ing-rvords have dropped out. new words constantly added.

Example: From atrtomoblle has sprung, windshield, chauffeur, in- nertube, carburetor, etc.

From radio: aerial. tube, anten- na, etc.

er, molly-cuddle, .

All new fields of knowledge and inventions. all new contacts and experiences of English speaking peoples acid 119W words to the rich English language.

‘Therefore, 1t the object. ts to know the origin of the English language, 1t is more logical study Anglo-Saxon wlrldr preced- ecl Latin by centuries and contrib- utrd (lit-cc fourths of the English words in everyday use!

At any rate it would seem Just as important for "Johnny to know that the word “brlglit" is derived from llle Anglo-Saxon "bcornWns that; "luminous" ls derived from Latin “lumenfi

In my next letter, with the kind permission of my readers. and the ndulgence of the editor, I shall further discuss the relationship of Latin to the Common School Dull- 11‘; vocabulary.

sweater, skyscrap- etc

I am. Sir. etc. RUIIAMAH SClll-IINFELD FRANK P. W. C. ENTRANCE EXAM!

Bin-The many lettere concern- ing the curriculum at Prince Wales College appearing ln your paper recently show a healthy i11- terest ln education in this Prov- ince. but is not the muln 155116 b0- eomlng befogged?