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"Th-ere is no such thing as the born criminal. The criminal is everyman and averyman is in the criminal. Almost half the crimes are i committed ‘by individuals with

average intelligence." ' These axe some of the conclus- ions reached by m. Walter Brom- berg, ‘senior psychiatrist in the New York Degartrnent c: Hospitals, who addressed the first division of the . National Probation Association, in a Montreal hotel, on the subject ' WThe Personality of the Adolescent

Offender."

'_ Dr. Bromberg, speaking or the

fllomplexlty of crime stated that

‘modern psychology recognized that .-~, criminal activities are tlrr: activit- ffies of ordinary human beings.

$1 “ Lombrosds theory of physical struc-

" ture has been found to be unten- Yable, and improved psychometric tests have shown that it is not

d.’ satisfactory to regaLd mental de-

w

ficiency as the prime cause oi crime, , a view long and tenaciausly held.

X-"Nor is It possible now to put down

‘crime to the “criminal type." There ds no such thing. 'Abnormal tenden- ~clrs are present in all individuals. On the score of intelligence, Dr. Bromberg pointed out that the LQ. tests were by no means as satis- factory as was once thought, as in- telligence was itself complex. Analyses of 4.400 offenders went to showthat 2 per cent. were of "nuperior intelligence; 8 per cent. of

. high’ average; 42 of average: l7

low average; 19, dull normal: 6 borderline, and 2. deficient. Other figures showed that there were few- er second offenders among the"

I V superior group thanamong the dull.

More important than intelligence

factors in crime are emotional “,_ y’ organizations and personality struc- ygtures, such as psychoses and psych-

joneuroses, the first including men- vtal disease and the second, devia- _tions which do not interrupt the , daily life, such as complexities of fears, doubts, inferlorlties and the like. There are 2'1 types in the per- lonality groups and there are no such thing as the callous, un- emotlo l "criminal" type. Emotion is a constant factor in life, whether .lt be directed out or in, and the lreasoh for the "born criminals" front is an emotional turmoil rather than the lack of emotion.

Dr. Bromberg denies the exist- Ince of tlie abnormal person, pre- ferring to speak of ndjustmett or hill-adjustment, but he pointed out jhst 25 per cent. of adult oflendnrs were adjusted definitely "normal" individuals. Whether it is fair to criminal to take the baseline i0! adjustment to laws and mores of ipociety as it is today, the learned doctor is not prepared to say. ,_'Discussing the difficulties the jdolescent experienced in adjusting Ibimseit to life Dr. Brom- gave a number of histories. The unstable, emot- ‘ tonal personality is common‘ among IGOIQBOCIILS. Society, for example, says that men must be aggressive and sometimes the fear of seeming feminine rather than aggressive leads a. boy to an exaggerated. ex- plosive aggression.

‘In a sense, the adolescent boy is gtraight-jaciheted by soziety. He comes out of puberty with the full forcf or his natural aggressiveness undflnstinctual demands and runs mead-on against society. He has to undergo a terrifilc emotional adjust- ment, he has to have an emotional organization flexible enough to vary ' with eachgstep, at some expense to

f, and environment to is an im- lpo ti factor. Whether his drives Faro Sublimated through sports. bus- - finest career or crime depends large-

§onnient. A large number of indiv- giduals are immatune and adolescent _ q-‘whdh judged from social standards,

i § ily on his flexibility and his envir- a s

gifthoiligh not when judged from t. l.‘ adolescent standards.

Lt‘ t l

301.1110“. PARTIES it

_- l" colts frequently, more especially f. fuitgboforo a general electio . we

iluad or hear of the birth of a. new

- - , ‘party. , ' itself joguipped, ready and $0110 01$ Milt

“aomv CBIMINALS" '

JUNE l5, 1085.

country of ours would soon in trans- ported into the proverbial happiiv as of the land of milk and honey, enjoying perpetual freedom from national worries and international strife.

And now they bob up again-evi- drntly more willing and better prepared than ever- to snatch us fromthe very brink of the so-oall- ed whirlpool of despair, which, it would appear, has been brought about by the Government.

This time the cry is “National Government." efore proceeding further we may logically ask: What is “National Government " The answer appears to be that any Government, by whatever name it may to known. chosen and elected by the people of Canada, is truly a "National” government in every respect Especially is this a fact because we have a Conservative Government in cfllce at the present time.

We are not for a. moment pre- tending U18?- the Conscrvativeparty is more loyal than any other, but we can say during the last one hundred years in Cbnada the 0on- sefi/EUVB Dirty has baen in power almost two-thirds of that period.

In 1878 Bir John A. MacDonald

introduced his great “national pol- icy” imd defeated the late Hon. Alexander MacKnnzie, the then leader of the Libral party. since that time ‘we have had only two Liberal Premiers. Canada in those days was not the great nation she is today, but MacDonald's policy quickly became immensel popular and beneficial, and really started the Dominion on its ‘way to attain the enviable position 01 national smatness it now occupies. It seems to be political history repeating itself when we ralize that, even as a Conservative Gov- ernment in 1878, nearly three-quar- ters oi a century ago, came to the assistanm oi’ the~ people. revived the nation, stimulated trade and encouraged industry, so a conserv- ative Government in 1935 has in- troduced another “national policy" destined to re-operi many valuable trade channels, open wide the doors of our industrial establishments. find a. new and larger outlet for our many products, and, finally, re- move forever the possibility that another horrible depression can again create havoc in this fair land. There is absolutely no necessity for “national government" 1n gm- ada, that is, oi the type now pro- posed. The Government now in oflioe has. beyond all doubt, aur- prised lfs friends and confounded its opponents by the masterly man- ner in which it has met, fought and conquered the most threaten- ing condition ever before known in Canada. And it is going right on with its commendable policy of re- form. which may appropriately as- sume the name by which MacDon- Rli-‘Ya Wiley was favorably known over fifty years ago-the "Conserv. ative National Policy."

THE MARCHERS

The action of the-Prairie Prov- inces and the Federal Government in calling a halt to the “Camp Marcltnrs" across fmada meets with universal approval. There seems to be a mystery as to who‘. the-marchers want. The Dominion Government provided camps for un- employed single men who were roaming about the country in search of work. Regular army fare was provided as well as clothing and a daily allowance of money. Residents in the camps were free to come and go, and when jobs were found, fares were paid to the points of employment. As a matter of fact. it is recorded that more than one thousand men in the British Col- umbia camps did find employment in recent months. and, on leaving, cxpzessed thanks for having been tided over their period of distress. This, surely, is proof of the unful- ness c! the Government camps, and also of thegoodfalth ofmanyof the men who took shelter in them. The strikers who refused to remain and who created disturbance and

‘ ‘ r ,. r‘, in . _ . are well-organised and refuel to be controlled. They expressed a flhn determination to continue on to

Government. 1t is dlilleuit to no what can be done for them, now that alilit has been called. Gr- tainiy. the Government cannot keep them in tdlobfll in MGM. naditisoutofthc quacflcnfor

Ottawa, there to interview the‘

0d. It h a dlflcult pIobicm-that the ntrikm m matting directly up to the Federal Government, and that body has been compelled to take a determined stind.

._ EDITORIAL NOTES The middle of June.

- hotels are busy prepar- atory to the season's opening.

With a fortnight still to go the election campaign in New Bruns- wick remalns remarkably tame, with only here and there a. flare up.

The farewell visit to this province of His Excellency the Governor General and- Lady Bessborougb will take place next month, sometime before July 23.

The value of the dairy production of the Dominion in 1934 is placed at $181,966,021, while- in 1933 the value was placed at $170,828,667, an increase of $11,137,854 or 6.5 per cent. These are the highest figures recorded since 103i and show an advance of $22,891,888 or 14.4 per cent overtha abnormally low values of 1932.

The eagerly anticipated war pic- ture, “Lest We Forget" is due at the Prince Edward Theatre in the interests of the Canadian Legion. on Monday. Tuesday and Wednes- day. This is a most realistic picture of war‘s tragedy and ravages and gives some idea of what modern warfare means. Everywhere it has been shown it has drawn crowded houses. and no doubt this exper- ience will be repeated here.

Hon. J. L. Ralson. Financial Leader of the Liberals claims that it is unjust to tax members of Par- liament for full indenullty when it is necessary for them to spend most of the indemnity in order to earn it. Expressing sympathy with the hon. member, the Finance Minister, l-‘ion. E. N. Rhodes, pointed out that he had once had to pay more money in income taxes than he had earned in that particular year and argued that income tax be levied on the current instead of the previous year. while admitting that both these members could earn more out of parliament than in it, Truro News says: "There is un- questionably a. line of members in the parliamentary seats who are not worth their salt let alone the $4,000 indemnity which is handed out to tiiein. As a. general and un- falling prlnci,‘ the lawmake must not be exempted from the laws he makes if he expects those laws to be respected. Preaching and prac- ticing must ever, to be efleotive. go hand in hand."

Premier Hepburn, like our own Hon. Mr. Maolntyrc. believes there should be a "broadening out"' pol- icy in taxation. Having failed to get a bid for a. $15,000,000 bond issue he is seeking new avenues for gov-_ emment lmpositions. These Liberal politicians are all alike, they want to tax everything, “tangible and intangible," and if the farmer does not like it, he must have his nose held and be compelled to take the doze like a child being administer- ed castor oil. It is the Liberal be- lief that the farmers must be edu- catod to pay more taxes,’hence the necessity for the Liberal Party pur- suing a. “broadening out" policy.

Prime Minister Bennett brought

tions to heel over his Wheat Board legislation. The c.C.l~".’s were always more or loss favourable. but the Liberals had been standing aloof, with here and there a “sharpshoot- er" offering Cmldémnaiaury critic- ism from public platforms where it was not practicable to answer them on the spot. The Premier has call- cd their bluff, and now they are on record as approving. except that they would make the legislation non-affective by withholding the compulsory clauses.

Trade author-ties believe Austral- an or Danish butter is being ex- ported from the United Kingdom to Canada, swelling Canada's imports or that commodity from Britain. This, they said at Ottawa the other day, was the only explana- tion they could offer for a jump laet your of more than 2000.000 pounds in butter imports from the United Kingdom. In i004 butter imports from Britain totalled 2,- 010,400 poundl. compared with 1'10.- 404 the you, before and 12,00! in ill. Officials recalled, however. that the fiscal your ended lurch ll. i000. Canadian iniwftl of but- ter from Britain totalled H1070!-

chaagn by the than new Conun- ativa administration. taking afloat fconlyportofttioifllilclllllr.

‘ "turpentine moi-aims to 14mm

but the um‘ fiscal your low the

both the Liberal and 0.0.11‘. Oppoai- to

imltdl! ammo pounds. and ~

Votes By The Way

Shem cl Neulm brought with it recently a far greater sale to child- ren of that mischievous explosive toy known u the "slap-bang." Time was when tho youth of the country were content to throw these min- iature bombs on the pavement, for the simple joy of scaring passer:- by. This year saw a very dangerous departure. for there were numerous cases of boys. and in some cases Wung men and woman, flinging the missiles at the screens of motor cars. A direct hit in the driver's face or a shower of the loading stones from the side oi the screen would cause sudden “‘ dness and probably a serious smash. The fre- illlellt dropping of the slap-bangs from town balconies has now be- come very much worse than before. We would therefore‘ ask the police authorities to prohibit the sale oi such things in Egypt. prescribing a. strongly deterrent punishment for all vendors and users-The Sphinx Cairo.

Nations must live and lot live. The horror excited in the minds 0f English-speaking people by the ex- cesses of the Russian revolution has not died down, and the friendliness o: the recent conversations in Mos- cow may surprise many. But gov- ernment is "settling" in Russia, a form of government has been ac- cepted by the Russfans, and the other Powers have no right to dictate to them in the matter. The theory of Communism is not strictly adhered.to; it has been found impracticable, course of the evolution of a work- able and durable system it will dis- appear. It is uninformed theorists outside of Russia who imagine that Communism has been a success in the Soviet Republic-The Austral- asian.

Major Douglas, at Toronto, issued the warning that the present finan- cial system willnot survive another war, and he added, "You can't borrow yourself out of debt." Oth- er obserwers have gone farther than that, asserting that clvilza- tion itself will be destroyed if an- other big war comes. While this may be exaggeration, it is alto- gether likely that another struggle like the last would bring revolu- tions that might make the red upheaval in Russia look pink. That is why statesmen are striving to maintain peace and why politicians should cease trying to borrow countries out of debt.

It is not only the British peoples who will join in showering their congratulations upon the man _who has for twenty-five years worn the British crown and supported with dignity, sincerity and a high sense of public duty the great tradition which it represents. . . . After twenty-five years, which by all or- dinary tests should have destroyed it, (the Crown) is still there, cum- manding a greater popular inter- est, a more romantic loyalty than ever. The vast and cheering throngs jammin London's streets attest the soundness of the witticlsm which holds that if Red revolution should ever arrive in Britain it would un- doubtedly appear under the guise of “His Majesty's Communist Gov- emrnant." The remark, and the truth which it reflects, is a. tribute to the moderation, common sense and stability of the British peoples. But it is also a. tribute to the same qualities in the man whom the millions of the British Common- wealth o: Nations have for twenty- five difncult years known as His Majesty.-New York Herald Tribune.

Countless volumes could be fill- ed with the impressive twaddie that was talked during the Great War by seemingly intelligent criti:s. And now Mr. Lloyd George himself, be- ing at leisurn, is at the same game. Does he really suppose that con- certed action between Great Brit- ain and the United states to ensure world peace is his own bright orig- inal panacea? Surely everybody knows that the present British Gov ernment has been trying by every means in its power to bring it about, and it is diflioult to see what more could have been done than has been done. And when Mr. Lloyd George talks about the “ruth- less" use of tariff and bargaining resources to remove the handraps intematlonai trade. there is nothing new about the policy ex- cept possibly the adjectiva-Tha Cape Argus.

and in the n

run cuauomu .

0.1-»- w-n-osm- '

REMOVING TONBILS . BX ELECTRICITY

From time to time the value of removing tonsils by electricity is reported in the medical journals and sometimes in newspapers and anag- azines.

As this method involves no trip to or stay in hospital it is only nat- ural that man should ask why this method shoul not always be used.

Nearly all surgeons now use uoth methods and they are agreed that the electricity method-electromag- ulatlon-ln no way takes the place of the surgical operation but is the best method in those cases which are poor risk.s'for operation.

Dr. James E. Tytier, New York City, says that the surgicalmethod is so absolutely safe, and the dan- gel‘ of the anaesthetic, when admin- lstered by a skilled anaesthetist, so slight, that there is no Justification for using electrocoagulation method which means a number of visits to the doctor's office. ‘There are of course certain cases where electro- coagulation should be used, such as in cases with heart disease, the aged, and those who bleed tooeas-

y.

It is agreed among physicians and surgeons that tonsils if healthy should not be removed until past the age of puberty, when they are supposed to gradually disappear. If tonsilsstill remain after 20 years of age, they are not only of no use to the body but may be a. source oi danger from infection,

The electro-coagulaticn nethod consists in using a local anaesthe- .ic, impedding the two needles well into the tonsil, the tonsil is drawn toward the middle of the throat, and then, and not till then, the electric current is turned on for 3 or 4 soc- onds.

Treatments are given above five

days apart, and the number of treatments varies with the size of the tonsils-two treatments for a small tonsil, eight or ten for a. ton- sil of large size." other surgeons find that to ruc- cessfully remove large tonsils as many as fifteen to thirty visits must be made to their office. The thought then is that surgery is still considered the best or most successful method of removing ton- sils, but when surgery is not consid- ered safc or when the patient is im- wuling to undergo operation, elec- tro-coaguiation offers an excellent method for tonsil removal.

Tweedsmuir

(Montreal Gazette)‘

To his many friends in the region of the upper reaches of the Tweed. and throughout Tweeddale gener- ally. Mr. John Buchan has brought unfelgned pleasure in his choice of a. title which will give him a. fresh, and in some ways a ‘ closer, and certainly an abiding connection with a. county which has ever bulked largely in his affections, writes Dr. W. S. Crockett, in The Scotsman.

The new Peer may be a Perth-

shire man by birth, and to some

extent a Flier by upbringing, but the valley of the infant Tweed is his real calf-country. Few know it better. He has spent much oi’ his boyhood by its burns and braes Amongst its wild hill streams he

had his first fishing adventures,

l-le had climbed its hills and ex- plored its remotest glens. The wealth of its ancient lore he has long assembled within his subtle memory. Its kind and hardy folk are his folk, and their rich Doric leaps out ever and anon in some

of the most enthralling passages within his crowding shelf of romances-He was a. youth of the country long ago when I knew him first, and had just emerged from his ‘teens. Even then he had written that so exciting and absorb- ing novel of Tweedside-"Jolm Burnet of B8fll5"—8.lld “Sir Quixote of the Moors" (his presentation copy is one of my treasures). had already set him in a goodly niche among mntemporaiy authors-o. niche so abundantly enlarged since. as all the world knows to its un-

ceasing delight. ‘rhough now en-

nobled. he will still be the John

The six hundred-odd neliof camp strikers who say they are on their lway to Ottawa from Vancouver have reached the Rocky Mountains, where their campfires or: reported to be gleaming in the nght. As some of them arc-travelling on the tops of freight cars and others on trucks. the ranks are likely to b: much broken up it and when the destination is reached. The sirlk- ers a;'e at least prov g that men without jobs can live nd travel, if roughly, in these trying tlmrs.