----—-p--- .. k"? 911% 15¢ ll"! Al! all!!!“ eta-die indefidqce of Canada er the

y at Puzzling Problems Faced: 111 ,1 933

I '- -_.

\.

United States has either giiiered and endured so many grav

dill‘ ties which tliieateaail “but” ",3 ' =yl u in the we if ' ‘and lissiliadneriiui raaetiiiiii on the economic endviinanciehetructure of the ‘ Nqaisesichnt of the United ‘(ates QVv_‘Q§m\iil@,pM 31nd" mo“ i_cal circumstances. snlnena has faced difficulties’ that seemed in. supe-rable with greater vfior and greater courage. in the nine months he has been in oliice._he has initialed an entirely new economic sys- ‘fefi? which at least seems for the present. to beworliing to eliminate fear and establish a‘ greater sanity in the realm of industry and com- merce. its‘ reactions on Canada have been incalculable.

aieirat tialntiia‘ main; canipJn April. And that whatever might have been Ir. Roosevelt's desire to keep faith with his guest the over- whelming pnesure of internal ab‘ fairs and the change of attitude in Europe forced him to devote all his time and all his energies to domes- tic problems.

U. S. 011-‘ GOLD STANDAID

The United Staten went off the gold etandnrd in April and thereby depreciated the exchanges of 84

C

iii. l

Ptgfident Roosevelt went into office with the entire linancial structure ' I country crashing about his head. Before the decorations and _ suitable bunting hacl been swept away he was in conference with . the. greatest financial leaders and bankers of the country seeing what l (iilfiltl be dune to stave oil what would have amounted to national bankruptcy. Half the banks oi lhe country were closed as the bands lm“ u" were blaring in honor of his inauguration and lor the next twenty-

more and more continued lo lall.

The, year 1933 was ushered in with . what amounted to an estrangement i President. Hoover and the 1n internal politics two

between Préi-iidr-nt-elci-t. llie mime of

Hoover. \v lllC h

ycaile bcfoie had been one to cun-

jure with. had now lost ita pnwe

Abroad. it was evident to the stator;- mt-n of Europe. that what one presi- tli-nt might do today. another might undo‘ two months inter. and this had an otfoi-t of voidini: any serious pro-

|--~ain put forwarii by the yircaiili-ri

lii liritiim, a further vote was made ti» Austria of one hundred million

shillings. without

uhlle the Free State voted

be paid.

One of the last executive ncts of

President Hooter “as to grant as lllll‘!‘Vi€W to Mrs.

who had bet-n in gaol in Cnlifnrrii

eincothn war. while one of his last lviriiitritlve nets was to suppflfl. with

a'| his piiuer. the bill lo free tli Piiiilipinev. Before he was supplant oil liy President Roosevelt, ll. ne\

riifljpllCfillilll had been thrown into structure by ruining off the izold standard. While thi-ae were passive moves that added

the world economic

ti» the World's difficulties Japan wa aili arising the force on Jehol. IRISH FREE STATE A note of sympathy was struck v1 ich echoed around the

iii his Vermont. home. i-illo iif the wntcr.

spirit nnil lieloro January was out h».

\\ iuil

riim nod and all the liti-kmb steps to never tho

iif Empirc. Ho talks now. (Decem-

her 15th). of submitting the question

ti. Qjplebisclte of the people. Ap- |.lf‘ ly it is not l-In d that he was so alarmed nhi-iit, but of breaking thi- last ties vinli 1h» l.-i_vali.~t.< of Pinter.

lri Iplll of the fact that there was a yrealdcnt and president-elect. runny, long discussions wont on he- '\\it1-"’El'\flii\lld and America. with pgiird to dvht discussions. and there u l~4 flgood deal of political jockey- Ivi; on this point before the end of tn.- “liime mick" session. Hoover [iiltliltllfllflllflll \\'|\l1 Mr. Roonevclt Inil Bernard Baruch. a staunch eup- ‘nirtcr of R(ti’l.lt'\ clt. had a series of giinft-rr-ni-es with the president.

.\ small mcnsurr- of economy which Illllltlfil fur lnlvrn ilisvii-ision tluin it Iflllfllvd p. hi- \\itf‘ill wni thi- au- rioiiniwenienl in tlic lniridiin ncwsPap-

If’. that in futiirr. all foreign office-I

Dlllrlal dcsputi-hca Wlllild ho carried In Great Britain in lhc royal car- Iiaizi-a or lllfOfnflllllPfl in‘llt'1lfl of in hiriul taxis as had iii-cu tlic rust- hiri-i-rofiirr IIITLEIFS \lCT(llt\'

The rgvcis of England and l-‘i-nnci-

' liiii of iiiany thinking men in (‘anziilu

niiil thi- Vnited States. wcre lurncil tiiivards Germany at this limi- At iii» igflfl of the first week of Febru- lll\‘. Ailolf Hitler. was asked tn ciin- [or “rim the aged President ilinami. bcrg for the third time- On thu first niiilsinn lie had gone to receive ii sicvr-re lci lure from the aged prelu- iii-iii. (in the second his reception \\'.i'1 slightly more cordial. but on this lrlwJgltlli. ire crimi- with full authority ti. iu-mnnil that he be made chan- rclli-r‘ and form a new party. lie pi-ints-d out that owing to the recal- i-iviancv of a iertaln small group nf lh-rmau Siiiirilists, hr: diil not poa- ni- -.< ri iiuijority in the Rrlchstiig and siviiluiut such a. majority any as- Ililllplllifl of pnwcr woulii be futile.

A gnni-riil i-li-ctlivn was held rm MPH‘! h lat. at which Hitler was a-\<'rwli»|ining|_v iii-toriiiiis. and :| Illvtlilll lJtlPI‘ nn l-innhluig Act “n!

[m vii. viliu-h igiive him extraordin- Il‘\ powers amounting prniatirnlly- to a iliiriatorship

Two incidents nriiusi-il some‘ intn--

r-t throughout. Ciiiinilii Eiariv in Jiinuavy. J. J. Harpell. a llllflllihfll‘. vilin led for some years. hcon car- r\ lug (m Ia hitter and rvlrnlleait war nigninat the Sun Life fmiurnriiv- Com-

p-inv. lit last came intn the [will of llii- lnw rind after ca brief hearing. “as .\‘tll't'llt'f'd ti: servo a term in psi-l, ‘it piirgt his offence of crim- inal libcl ll» nppcnlrd in the hl[her riurrtw. but liict lin- npptlnl During

lhn first wr-ek in February, efforts ti» rush Peter Veregin. head nl thr lmiiithubiiiirii out of the country Was frustrated in spectacular fashion. wtinn liiii lmvfvers took an airplane friiiii Eilmoriiitn m Halifax anil Juat aiii-i-ai-ili-il in stopping his deportation u tlin boat was llllllfll.

.\s tho eventful dny of Mari-h 4th drew near. Ronald Lindsay. the Eng- lL-ili Ambassador. left on a sudden trip for Liinilnn. to confer with the Prime Minister. He returned this siiir- of the water, soon after the Nrcniosiy was completed. IOOIIVELT ERCAPIH ABHAHUIN There was to he one more dramatic lncidwit. before the actual ceremony sf inpuguratlnn of the U. S. Preli-

f jmk place. Roosevelt, return-

a twelve day fishing tflp.

and in; at Florida Beach from oln Astor's yacht. wan rid- wian layer Cermait of Chicago.

serious protr at. cheer- Iiiliy the vcry annuities which thrce yiiintba agu she swore would never

Mary Mooney. niiilhcr of the famous Tom Mooney.

world “MCI! Calvin Coolidge died quietly On the other de Valera was exhibiting a much more considerate

solved the Drill and appealed In t, Qleclors for a mandate which

five him powcr to trike away the llal shred of the ties that atill liiiiinrl Ireland to England. He was roiiimpd with the scanty majority of iifle vote over all other partiel summer he last lien

reverence with

l bat-k the They

“AShQHH “TFO

from Australia cnlcrtainoil at

I‘. ver to Montreal.

HQUVQ‘. Prohibition In the Unltcil Stilton srivl

the mote for ii “weltci”

l I l

r-iit yciir ulcohul would l»: sold free!)

huiivrr- flu! Vollterad Ail

‘ sitting early in Jllllltlf‘). a the dry Stateemviil lfllllllfl dry. but th- prohibition laws will be enforced foiiorhlly and not priuiiiclnlly". lit-er c was first legallzr-il iin April 7th. and . the last Stole (Ytiilii necessary fin- v the legal quota to rewind the profit- billnn measure was passed on Ue- camber 5th.

A most unusual ciiae was heard in Britain during Miirrti. when a popu- s lor officer of thl- St-iiforth Highland- ers was pint-ed upon trial by court- marshal. under the Espionage Act. for having sold secret and valuable information to a foreign (‘fltmil'_\'. H» was found guilty and given a heavy sentence. which he is now serving.

PEBSECUTION IN GERMANY

The powers given to Hitler under

the Enabling Act madn him thc most powcrful dictator in Europe. Ho ho- gun persecution of tlic Jews tin ii vaal rand lntensivo scale. Tlil-y were: not allowed their own moat slaugh- tering shops. and prevented from entering into many buildings. or bring cvrn visitors to many parts of the town. and were frequently act upon by hoodluma and toughl. Who. if they were not under the protection of the police. shielded the attackers. _ Discussing the Disarmament Com- frliBSlUH. Hitler insisted on Germany ri-taliiing the right. to re-arm. Roose- vclt diil not hide his suspicions of the honesty of this statement, and Dn- ladlcr. of France. was outspoken when he said that France was not prepared to discuss the question of disarmament at the present time. A speech by the Rt. Hon. R. B. Ben- nctlt at this timc, niride in honour of a celebration by the lalyalii-ita ui Canada. uruused iwiiie i-iiiiirncnt at ilcricvn. but it made little imprcssiiih in the Dominion, which urns far more concerned nt the time with redistri- bution. and the question of the King granting n higher honor to Sir (irnrgar Perle). Redistribution i-ritiiicii .1 shuffling of seats ui nearly "wiry priiviiicc, \\lll\ more si-iilt it! iltapmc . of in the Western and Middle lvcsi- ‘crn Provinces. With regard ll! tho idiucussion of the G.C.!il.(}.. glvcn to iSir George Perley. ll wius felt that Quebec was anxioul to get recogni- tion for Papal titles rather than l0 support the sentiment! on which thc Act of 1921 was baarwi.

The world was shocked at the news l rif the collapse und flfislflltlllffll of the l iririnl. dlrigiblc, Akron when the rom- i mnniler and 13 men met their death.

'l‘here was conslilcrablc speculation when announcement was made that lluiiiaay Mnciliinald would W1)’ I P"- soniil visit. with i118 tltllllllll?!‘ to the (‘nltcd States. in order that he might dismiss with Preiililcnt Roosevelt. Rtlllll‘ bails uf understanding for the forthcoming London vonfcrvnce. Pre- mier MacDnriald expressed himself as highly plcnscd with the result. oi then. informal talks rind Mllll '.'l.'il the conferrni-n would open undcr much brighter auspices than any previous one.

As a matter of fiict after starting under the most auspicious circum- iitiinceii. Mr. Riiusevclt lluhs0ll, acnl . y; mpgiuggi- ti) tlic Cliivf tfnitcil Stairs l Rrpii-seriliitivr Secrctnry Hull. stut- l ing that h:- thought cntirely trio i much emphasis was being placed on the slabiizntlnn of the dollar and

money questions gent-rally. Mr. Ramsay MacDonald. at the Laird Mayor's banquet siicn tlien. hll

made ii more gracious reference to the action‘! of President Roosevelt than ho was willing tn do at tho time of the breaking up iif lln- con- fcrs-ncc. wticri t-i the t\lll"l' lien-m- hlcri Nlflllllfifll. lir- apiilu- of Mr. ‘Romain-ll n! "the fellow over lhcrfl". ll in felt by those who nivi- ninde any ntlidy of the qur-sliim that the whole Internal financial structure of the United Btatea had completely alto-sud since the personal confer-

tbe quiet peace of Florida. miles! foreigner. Zasseerl. The

_ will Orrllalr.

Iii

four l gone in

Caniilian sportsmen. and especially her cricketers. were honored by the , viiiit of the team which had brought

awundcrful change d "mi; 1933 \‘Vhiii: .\l1lPl’l(‘i1 l had been gaining headway. no cine‘ thought. that by the r-iiii of the pres-l . in exactly the some uuy ris it was The Slate." that hiivc voted for ltlilllllllllllfl will Marhndl‘ m“. not bu“ H’ lmpul" n he ab], u, gm-em an“ romro‘ ‘he its Pro-idem Meuocal iirid while he sale of it until Congress resumes its

o; “u,” method: that would iitiip at nothing ti. obtain his own end iii: power was

after day on the front pages of news-

the wife who had been his trulted

attended from various countries. The

pared the agenda. recommending for

tlori and trade. Pri Donald was aelee ed as ohlhan, but all pnparfiifl arena a deadlock on the Ilatmltng issues of the conference.

POVQTIB. sound.

placed on every pint of beer.

no serious ‘was IVlckers Company by the Soviet Re Moscow’. Every which propaganda could be placed

was called into play. and the whole u! the hearing was an unlike an example of British juzitlce as could the end nothing - much happened. for under threat of many l an economic points nlnng lliv route from \i'ani~l.u- Aniitlicr appoint- merit of unusual interest to a large body of Canadians. was the grunt-l ini: of a. i-eu hut to Hlfilltlp \i'lllc-l

he imagined. 1n

boycott. which

ll quittc-d.

made so harmless.

J unrest iii Culia. short outbursts of rlotini; so sr-ricais as to amount re revolution. General

ruli-d with an iron liaiid and by

l

l

l l

RIGHT HON. It. B. ‘BENNETT

fast waning in the early summer. The unrrst grew with startling rap- idity and at the beginning of July there was no attempt at maintaining law and order except by force. 1t was nearly August. however. when a state of war w-ris declared in Cuba. Macbado kept lils own private gun. boat at full steam in the herbnr for nearly n month. ready for nn in- slant flight. He had a loyal friend in Herrera. his Minister of War, but the will oi’ the people seemed to favor Di-Ceepedrs. Iachario made ll. spectacular escape 1nd flnglly after \l.‘\llll'lK the West Indies ob- tained permission to remain in Can- ada for n short period as a political refugee. His only public appearance while in Canndn. was in order to lay wreaths lit. the Cenotaph in Morit- real. U. B. REFOVIRY PLANS.

Tlllfihg the summer Roosevelt had been perfecting plans for the moat gigantic system of industrial recov- ery ever dsvliied or put into operation by any country in the world. Special codes were provided for evcrv indus- try lo which thcy were askcii to ad- here under which they pledged themselves to limit the hours worked by their cmploysea without reducing wagon. Those who accepted the code werc allowed to display n sign show- lfll: lhflt tin-y hed done no and it tvai hinted that not only moral sua- M011 but latcr on positive legislative meitaiircs \Vi)lllti be pin into opera- tion l|\ orrlrr to compel those unwill- ing to take psi-t in "the great ascri- iice’ ‘to do an. While it. mult be many months before the euccese or failure of this plan can be written down there la no doubt that the plan did a great deal towards re-estab- halting ihc miiralr- of the American people and giving them an expecta- tion uf a real return to prosperity.

THE ECONOMIC CONFERENCE.

Juat before the time came for the sailing of the delegates to the great London Economic Conference an aged financier. little known to the present generation. but who in the heyday of his power had been day

papers. died in abject poverty in a London attic. Horatio Bottomley. prince of swindlers, who had served n lnng term for extensive frauds. died with no friend with him save

friend through good and evil reptflie.

The British budget proved that the country was fundamentally There was no increase h the income tax. but. e. penny was

An incident that would have been laughable if the issue had not been the melodramatic six r-xpert engineers of the

use to

the lflilgi-"irins would by no means have vreli-ometi at this time. the sentences passed at this "opera bouffe" trial were annulled. one engineer was ac- two were banished for life > and threi- cxpellcd from the country. lt was not until the embargo was rciiiiived that those sentence: were

For several months then- had been 1n Miiy tlii-n- were

THE LATE GENERAL

Sll ARTHUR (‘URINE

The whole world ie looking for any signs that may show the slightest improvement in general conditions and the beginning of the and of the [rest depression which has now last- ed for four years. With the wish father to the thought some persons seise at. fleeting straws and deduce from the way the straws are blowing conclusions which are satisfactory to their own desires but are false in their deduction. Few facts are more reliable in the measure of a country's trade than the figures of its imports and ex- ports. They are the barometer of trade and they show as no other fig- ures can show the upward or down- ward flow of tho trade of the coun- try. From the first year of Confeder- ation alccurate figures have been kept showing the volume and value of the country's trade. Read as a whole these figures give a remarkable hie- tory of the country's trade. In 1868 the total value of the goods imported into the Dominion was $67.- Willbb of which 343.656.8911 paid duty and 828,434,463 were entered duty free. By 1014 these figures had risen enormously and during the first year of the war the imports had risen to {611193306 of which about two-thirds or $410,268,144 were dutlable and Bill? 935.254 were free of duty. The peak of our imports was reached in 1929 when the value of the imported goods was 81.205.670.991. 1n the year fol- lowing the amount hail not appreci- ably changed for the total value o1’

Imports Shrink Exports Expand

the same scale. 1n the first year of Confederation the exports amount- aq u, $.'.'.’.70i.720 of which $48.504.800 was Canadian produce and the bal- ance fiiri-ign produce. By the first you of the war the value of exports lllll rLscn t0 $455.437,224 of which nearly 84310011000 was Canadian produce.

The peak of our export trade came

ports wan 81.586.169.792 of which $1.- MOJTIJM was

with the single exception of one year until and including 19B when lb! value of the exports from the Dominion was 81.388.806.015.

It was natural to suppose that with the large drop in imports there

pending drop in exports and this actually took place. In 1931 the total volume of exports had dropped to $811,028,048. 1n 1932 this figure bad fallen lo $587,565.51‘! with 8818.344.- 306 of Canadian produce and by 1933 the low peak in exports in recent years had been reached with a value of $489,113.79‘! of which 8473.39.93? were of Canadian produce. With tn. begiliniug of the new fis- cal year 1933-1934 two things were noticeable. The volume-value of im- ports dropped and there was a slight increase over the previous year in export trade turned definitely from the United States to the United King- d

the imports was 81.248.213.582.

1n the following year there was an appreciable drop to 800. 612.095 of which 574.090.8110 was dutlnble. There was a further drop in 1032 to $578,508,904 of which $388,498.06 was dullable. The low point of recent years was reached in the fiscal year ending March 81st last when the value of the imports had shrunk to 800298.644 with 8331371100 dutlnble. The figures for export» rim along

OBI.

During the first three months of the fiscal year ending June 30. 1933. imports decreased while exports in- creased. While both of these showed favorably when compared to the pre- vlnun year they were attll below the figures of 1931 and preceding yearn. Going into the month of July the trade at mi were evcn more t-ncour. aging. or July 1933 imports from the United Kingdom and United States were 18,800,922 and 810.153.1550

an international understanding ll well as the conference itself.

One ol the most spectacular feat- ures of the Conference was the ap- parently high handed way in which President Roosevelt had dealt with Profbssor Holey, whom he had taken from the classroom to advise on the moat intricate and important prob- lems of finance of the nation. After the snub he met. with in London. it was not thought that he could continue in the Government Service. But he was graciously taken back in October and a post of high import- ance found for him in the Ulillfld States Treasury Department.

The question of inflation. which had never been altogether out of the picture since President Roosevelt an- sumed office became an activo issue during October. and the frequent con- ferences with Bernard Baruch. who was generally regarded as an infla- tionlst. lent strength to these rum- nrir. Early in November. however. President Roosevelt announced that there would be no undue issue of greenbacks before next April. The dollar has some lpectacul [yra- lions during November and early December, dropping to unheard of prices on the exchanges of Iondon and Pas-ta.

On July 24th there arrived in Cen- ada the greatest air fleet that has ever llnlmbled in any country under the personal direction and the con-i- plete aanction of Mussolini. General ltalo Balbn, passed over Eastern Can. eda on his way to the World's Fair at Chicago. During the entire trip to Chicago and back again only two of the personnel suffered fatal noct-