MARCH 30. 1953 ,,,,

,,,,

edge and experience find high 1irultion.mlde:.l:d 3: 0.1 ioyulty, of seer ee

f.".”..yi'oe become the standarch by which obligations In measured Ind conduct evaluated. These are mm personal and social in char- They constitute the stand- Irds by which we determine what ye think the nature of the social irder ought to be and for evalu- mm, it as it now exists.

These ideals concerning society H50 serve as standards for self- Our ideals concerning

Knowl here I

waluation. ,em,,cm,cy--social. political, and industrial-reflect our ideals con-

.,m1ng persons inciudingourselves me should be counted as worthy at citizenship. Any effective SYS- lem of education takes this fully mo account. It. therefore. seeks :0 have the knowledge and exper- ience acquired in school and out to function in the formation M right ideals. They cannot be ex- geciecl to issue out of ignorance J? to be left to chance. They are it-qziired through proper interpret- iiioiis of knowledge and the ex- pression of it in daily living.

T se ideals thus become great re forces in life which we , . es. It is only when edu- muo, . processes have attained this result that attitudes, interesh, npprecinlloiis, and ideals them- selves have performed their high- est function. They have then reached the point of motivating life and conduct. Knowledge and experience now serve as guides to pic direction to these great dyna- .'lilC forces, and that is their chief value.

Erciy act and thought has a tendency to repeat itself and suc- cessive repetitions finally result in lmbiis. Habits result in character and character in destiny. Attit- titles should become habitual, in- terests permanent and valuations

i

'l'lic Prime Minister of south ifnca is Hon. Daniel Malan.

The Premier of France is Rene Mayer.

The new United states Secre- tary of state is John Foster Dul-

ES.

The President of south Korea a Svngman Rhee.

Prime Minister St. Laurent will head the Oansdian delegation to the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

The largest aluminum plant in the world is being constructed at the Pacific Coast town of Kitimat.

In 1952 Canada ps0dl.K!Cd more :hiui lmif of the world's news-

print. Africa produces about three- fourths of the worlds diamonds. The Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons? Canada. is Mr. George A. Drew The House leader of ll Mr. M. J. Coldwell.

' the c.c.v-.

The mosquito is another dis- uable insect. Most mosquitoes see killed by frost, but. so in the some are able to

laid in

which are com- urvae. '

form the mosquito grows on tiny

..ggi..rr iii?

&?...”””8..i.7Z,"' x';'i'.:i ””'” ” . in on 19. 151. M Hlfe received his medical educa- on at the Bellevue Medical School in New Yoihgrmdusting in 1070. In 1874 young Dr. need on- tered the mediosl corps of the nited states Army as assistant Wlizeon. with the rank of lieuten- Mlt Almost twenty years later, "1 1390. he was promoted to sur- neon with the rank of under. At the same time he was made pro- Yemr cf bacteriology in the newly Oftzsnized Army Medical School. lit the outbreak of the Spanish- cmerlom War. Walter Reed was Imointed chairman of s commit- ?” to investigate the cause and mm”?! 01 mead of typhoid fever gm 0'19 year later he was ordered 0 Ollie to give Qecisl attention '0 Questions relating to the cause "Ki prevention of yellow fever. 0'1 June I. iooo, Dr. need. as Ch!-lrnhn of the Yellow Fever Cwmni-fon. arrived in Quemedos ""0 to so to work. NF" 300 min before the spam- 1; -American War, yellow fever W through North. Central. Mid South America in terrifying fgideniics. In the epidemic, of 78. more than thirteen thousand movie in the uuuuippi Valley alone, died of this deadly plague W4 in Cubs. between 100! and

i

"llny more American soldiers than

"it buiiuu had. flho first ing the communion E" ' to do was to give

Hllecisl attention to the cause cl

3:0 yellow fsves-.- examined 0 Dltients lneticulo and then

Nbesisd cultures frmithem. val

when four of the eighteen died,

'”"ml3?E".i.'ifm?.'l”5.T

RIM and body fluids. Not one mm was found. . Th” 3550! ed Darin-

. remmscr NJ who stated, that inllcw fever

1900- the yellow rm: had killed '

THE GUARDIAN. CHARID'l'TE'l'OW'N 1-.

.

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

'3-EELOPMENT or RIGHT IDEALS AND COMPELLING MOTIVES

nxed. Ideals should become dyna- mic and motives made to function. It is necessary. therefore. that all these shall not only be of the right kind, but that they shall be given opportunity to function properly.

This is plishecl through an environment providing adequate opportunity for expression. It is the function of education in gen- eral to furnish this environment and therefore of religious educa- tion in particular.

Right Attitudes:

The first right attitudes that a boy-or girl should strive to acquire are relative to his or her position in the world. We all have to live, and in order to live we must con- tribute something to the welfare of the world. Life is interdepend- ent, eaich depending upon the other for some necessity of life. There is something for us all to do. It need not be a good job. for without cheerfulness and encour- agement we could not get very far. So, adopt this attitude towards work: "Here I am. what can I do to make my being here worth while?" Rest is essential to good health and since life is only worth living in proportion to the health we enjoy, we shall all strive to get sufficient rest.

What is the right attitude to- wards play? Play teaches the value of co-operation, considera- tion oi others. and in short is pre- trairilng for life itself. When you reach this thinking age, keep ever in your mind. "I am preparing for life; I must act wisely".

If work teaches us our responsi- bilities, and rest helps us build strength to achieve them. and through play we learn how to at- tack life. The habits of study you form now will be the ones you will use to learn and make a cue- cess of your life work after you leave school.

CQRRENT EVENTS

The leader of the Social Credit- ers is Mr. Solon Low.

I-ion. L. 3. Pearson is Secretary of state for External Affairs (Canada).

The function oi the Leader oi the Opposition is to offer intellig- ent and constructive criticism oi the government of the clay.

(Nofirey Chaucer, who died in 1400, was the first poet laureate in Britain.

General Maxwell D. Taylor has replaced Gen. James A. Van Fleet as commander of the United States Eighth Army in Korea. He serves under Far East Commander-im Chief Gen. Maris Clark.

On Feb; 8. the Winnipeg ballet received permission from Queen Elizabeth to call itself the Royal Winnipeg Ballet of Canada.

Canada wil.l observe the Queen's birthday this year on Monday, May 18, the same day as Victoria DMZ .

THE MOSQUITO

other creatures when they can. only the females that suck blood can lay eggs. The males cannot suck blood parts are not built for piercing

Mosquitoes are dangerous be- cause they carry disease. The common mosquito of the northern part of the United states (called Oulex) is harmless in that it does not carry disease. In the southern states there is s. mosquito which may be dangerous. This one (call- ed Anopheles) may carry malaria.

The prevention of malaria and yellow fever depends on how well the breeding of mosquitoes iseon- trolled. It is clear that the way to control mosquitoes is to drain swamps and to remove tin cans slid. other containers in which water may stand after s. rain. Be- ware of the mosquito that tilts its body What it stings. Thetmaiaxia mosquito tllto the hind part of its bow lllmsrd while sticking blood. The harmless one does not.

WALTER REED.

h caused by a mosquito."

He lrsi noticed, for example. that the nurses who cared for yel- low fever patients never got yel- low fever. so armed with mos- quito eggs borrowed from Dr. Fin- lay. Reed began his great experi- ment. First he put Jesse linear to work hatching out the mosquit- oes frosnr the borrowed-eggs.

Luesr took his mosquitoes. to the hospital ward where soldiers were sick or dying from yellow fever. I-ie allowed the female mos- quitoes to feed on patients who were so sick that they were un- conscious. Then he carried the in- sects now filled with yellow fever blood back to the laboratory. There they were to be showed to wait until they were judged to be infectious. This waiting period had been urged by Reed becausei he remenlsered that in malaria it took two to three weds for the disease to develop in the mosquit- oes after they had bitten s mel- srisl patient. The first test had failed but he decided to try mos- quitoes once more.

5Q)te-mber 36. 1000.

Walter Reed came back to C13): after La.aesr's death to take ovu- - ' ” of the P ' sion. His first impulse was to be the next experimental guinea pig to be bitten by a yellow fever mosquito. but he was talked out of the idea. by Dr. Carroll and his superiors. They argued that it was far more important for him to clinch the initial experiments than risk his life. With more volun- teers. he carried out a series of air-tight tests which proved, be.

Most of the nitrogen in the soil is contained in the humus or par. tially decomposed vegetable mat. ter. Before this nitrogen can be taken up by the roots of the plant it must be converted into nitrates, a form which dissolves readiw in soil water. The bacteria which brmz about this transformation of the nitrogen are known as nitri- lying bacteria. Without their val- uable ald little of the nitrogen in the soil would be available for use by plants. (Plant food in the soil must be dissolved in water before it can enter the plant).

Humus is a substance formed by the decay of vegetable matter; vegetable mold. It contains vari- ous chemical compounds, as ulmic, crcnic. apocrenic. and humie acids, and is an element of soil-fertility. It increases the some capacity for absorbing and retaining water, re- duces- its tenacity. and is the cause of a more rapid and thorough ab. sorptlon of the sun's rays, also D1'0b8-bly providing nutrition for plant-life.

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.

because their mouth

If you dig up carefully the roots of alfalfa, sweet clover, wild vetch. 03-T838-Ha. 01' other leguminous plants you will find on them a number of small lumps. These nodules or tuibercles are produced by bacteria, for which they serve as a home. '

These bacteria take the nitrogen from soil air and fix it in a form

for use by the plant. They are therefore called nitrogen - fixing bacteria. If a legume crop is

ploughed under, a valuable supply of nitrogen is added to the soil with little expense. and in a, form that is readily available to other plants.

De-Nltrliylng Bacteria

Not all forms of bacteria in the soil are beneficial to man. some bacteria attack nitrates in the soil and either set free the nitrogen or convert it into a form that can- not be used by plants. These hariniful bacteria are known as de-nitriiying bacteria.

Conditions Favour-ing Development Of Beneficial Bacteria

(1) A moderate amount of mole- ture is necessary. The activities of bacteria cease in a. dry soil, and the presence of too much water shuts off the supply of air.

i2) An abundance of organic

JUNEAU

In the early eighties, two pro- spectors, Dick Hariris and Joe Juneau, were attracted to this section by reports that Indiana had found gold in what is now known as Gold Creek. They locat- ed several claims there and made some very valuable discoveries.

Later a number of quartz ledges were discovered and a. camp est- tsblished at the present site of

more most northerly seaport. is located on Kaien Island, overlook- ing a magnificent harbor. Found- ed in 1909, it is the western ter- minus of Canadian National Rail- ways northern line from Jasper and the East.

Prince Rupert is a thriving city of more than 12,000. Plank roads have given way to permanent h.m'l-surfaced streets, and visitors will find much of interest in the 1. .4 .. and - .. .. of the city. Several excellent In- di-an totem poles are placed at various vantage points. ' lly those in the C. N. R. park, adjac- ent to the clock. the collection be-

WRANGELL

Wrangell. situated at the mouth of the Btikine River on Etolin Bay. is one of the oldest un- ities in southeastern Alaska. It was founded by the Russians in 1834 as a fur trading post.

Wrangell is an incorporated town with a Mayor and Council and has a population of fifteen hundred persons. several thriving industries are here. including a

Put, 1. 2, or 3 in the brackets to show how you think these state- ments should be complet 4.

1. Theoset of a theorem which

yellow fever patients. Two days later he came down with such a severe case of the fever that for dsys his life hung on a thread. Fortunately for his family he firi- slly recovered.

is suesessfui experiment gave the Oculninicn new hope. They called for other volunteers. An American soldier remanded to the call. He was bitten by heavily in- fected mosquitoes end. like Darrell. he came down with yel- lowlfever. Happily, he also got

But one tr e accident occur- red before Dr. 's- experiments were dnished! While making rounds in the hospital ward one linear was bitten by a stray

day. mosquito. By September, la. Luz- ssr had yellow fever. He died on

30- on the twat-r-seventh of mm what is to be proved is Aimist. James Oarrcll allowed mmgmmgg cgugd mg, 1) M-mgm. himselftobebittenbys ',-- ,,,; u, ...i,,'r- thst had fed on not one but four um, ( ),

Dr. 6.

II. Two angles which have their rsmectively psrsllel are (1) equal; (1) acute: (3) either equal or sun- plementsry. ( ). ,

III. A polygon in which thesum oi the interior singles equal that

1. Barometer; 2. Galileo; 3. Dul- phurdioxlde; 4. Dryice: dlieiium; condensation; '1. Thismostst; 8. Solvent: 0. Anemometdr; it). As- lstotiie: ll. Ostslysta: 12. Photo- synthesis: 18. Glands; ii. Cello- peis; 10. Pleisdes; lo. liumiilty; 1'1. Anopheles: ll. occtillo; ll. Lsnitel; 30. Praying mantis.

(a) A gas thst,is lighter than air; (b) A device for regulating the TIMI-pefltllrh of the room: it.)

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS! AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

Iny doubt, that yellow fever was transmitted only by the mo... Quito slid that the disease itself was d

Two years later. at the of his fame and in the prime of his life. Walter Reed died of ap- pendicitis. It was his work which led directly to the monumental achievements of William Crawford Gorgus who. thrown mosquito control, was able to wipe out yel- low fever in Central America and thereby nuke possible the build-

by 1. virus.

ing of the Panama Canal.

SOIL BACTERIA-(NITRIFYING BACTERIA) matter is uecessa-I'll to provide

food for the bacteria.

(3) A favourable temperature, 85 degrees F. to 95 degrees 1"., is essential. Activity decreases as the temperature lowers, and ceases at the freezing point. bacteria are not killed by freez- ing. Early tlllage in the spring, dark-coloured soil encourage bacterial action since they promote soil wairmith.

(4) An abundant supply of air is necessary for growth of the beneficial bacteria. (5) Darkness is necessary, as the bacteria are destroyed by the ac- tion of strong sunlight. As a re- sult they are not found at the

drainage, and

surface (5)

does excessive

A slightly alkaline most suitable for the development of beneficial bacteria. Not only acid retard their development. but they also, in the course of their work. produce acids which must be neutralized by lime or some other base. falfa and clover do not thrive in

of the soil. soil

sour, swampy soils.

It is a tasteless, odorless, color- less. gaseous element found in the air (forming four-fifths of its vol- ume). in the vegetable kingdom as a common constituent of plant- and in the animal king- dom, as in the various tissues of the body. It is one of the essential

mineral

tissue,

Nitrogen

kingdom, as in the

fertilizers.

It is sometimes called the lazy gas. There are not any very in- teresting experiments that can be done with this gas. It is. how- We are not built to live in pure oxygen. The nitro- gen weakens the oxygen so that the air is right for us. The nitro- gen serves the some putipose in the air that water serves in lem-

ever. important.

onadie.

The water keeps the lem

onade trom being too strong.

Our bodies have to have nitro- gen, but they cannot use the nit- rogen directiy from the air. They have to get it from foods. All the nitrogen we breathe in we breathe T out again.

If you had a bottle full of nitro- . gen and a bottle full of oxygen, you would not be able to tell them apart by. looking at themf

height

although the

the work and

is

Therefore al-

smn Days A Week

py Anne Ibsnssn)

thedwyswillnythisweeklliivery dlvwlllbefilledtothe brim with tbinutodio

s ny,tellinghimtobesurenottao forget his yearly visit here. Wife: the letter (that only a magic rab- bit could pcsibly decipher!) was carefully folded, lit was taken out to the big jmilper and carefully "mailed" in a hole in the side of the tree. No doubt some night soon. when the moon rides high to light up his pathway. the Easter Bunny will call for his mail!

Nlo mcltter what the roads may be like. or how inclement the wea- ther. Bunvny never fails to deliver his usual quota of gully-colored Easter eggs! Last year a friend said to me. ”Anne, I wouldn't be both- ered with sudh nonsense. It will hurt the children in later years." To which I replied, ”Welil. I lived through it. and so did my flock so far with no ill effects so I imagine the pleasure Mavis gets out of the game will more than make up for the ill effects, if any!" -We could live without sunshine, but imagine the dreary existence it would prove to be. And so at our house on the hill, the Easter Bun- ny continues to bring sunshine and giladnese to the little folk!

' I 3 I

2. Tuesday: Speaking about Eas- ter Bunnies, I planned on cutting out and stuitifing an Easter Rabbit, but sad to say my patitern seems to have disappeared so a "store" rabbit will have to fill the bill I guess. They are cute and very love- ly but don't seem just the real thing.

If I met a half pink, half blue bunny on one of my evening walks Id be tempted to see a psychiatrist at once. No sir, give me an old fashioned white or brown cotton- tail any day! Of course pink and blue ones are ideal for babies - bhey don't know 'che dififerenee anyway!

By the way -- an extra nice way to out on a top pie crust this time of the year is to out rabbit or chick- en shapes out of the crust. just be- fore you put it on the pie. A small cuokiie cutter. properly shaped. is ideal for this.

. . .

3, Wednesday: Ever make ii Calico Salad? 1lL's simple - You arrange mounds of shredded raw carrots and beets. cucumber slices and chopped green union on a bed of greens; then add a generous amount of French dressirig. should have kept my pie ideas” to- gether but you know me by now. so here it goes on

Wednesdays menu. An apple pie can be given a pretty glaze thus - lieat apricot or berry jam. rub through a fine sieve: spread a thin coating over the pie as it comes piping hot from the oven. To top off

You could easily tell which was 9- meal. if V011 G01”? 63" 101' Pie which, however. with a lighted (I'd like to meet that person!), try match. The match would go out a glnserbrend Sflmdlih 59”” Wch in the bottle of nitrogen and warm fragrant square of singer- would blaze up in the bottle of bread witih silieed banana topped OXYBGIL with a snowy puff of whipped cream - rurmn l (ALASKA) l 5' ,

the gcity oi Juneau. was first called I-I-iuwlsburg, but later the name was changed to Juneau in honour of Joe Juneau, and the mining district was known

as the”

Juneau has .1. present popula- tion of 0. 8,500. It is the capital of Alaska, and as such is the home of the Governor and other

I-larrls Mining District.

officials of the Territory.

Pacinc