i,

pecan/man s1. 1932“

l.’ 4‘ .. .. I a '1 I I I4 .3. I l I. ll

Qttawtl. Gathering of British lfalCommorlwealth Made His-

zftory in a Big Way. ‘Qm.

‘pi Nineteen Hundred and Thirty Mo a world tired of bemoaning its lofses, having weathered the worst depth of depression, embarked on anf era of reconstruction.

llexlrlg problems there are and will be, but the world-and notably among world nations, those of the Rltlsh Empire and outstanding of all-tho Empire countries Canada- ran point with pride to twelve Ilonths of labor and fruition. h: the face of common need ties were ltréngthened and crooked paths made straight. Canada. and‘ her lister nations ‘of the Empire waived precedent and went to school again. rhey learned a. valuable lesson- how to trade in a. world and a. time where trade is life.

, [The outstanding political develop- ment in 1932 not only in Canada, but in the Empire, was the Im- perial Economic Conference which

r convened in Ottawa July 21 and prorogued August 20.

1In a big way the conference made history. _

ft was the first of such confer- ences held beyond the confines of llieUnited Kingdom. -

its decisions definitely divorce the United Kingdom from its cen- idly-old free trade policy for a. period oi ilve years.

They did much more. They put l6 the acid test of experience the hlélior that it ‘is possible with mu- iliallity of benefits to link material cooperation within the Empire to Lll'e_'sen't_1ll1ental bonds which have heldfit together and, in the pro- Iéss, strengthen Empire unity.

Early in the week oi July 1a there assembled in Ottawa the most dis- tinguished body of Empire states- men ever gathered together outside historic London. There were Bald- w , Chamberlain, Runclman, Tho-

,_ Clunllife-Lister, oiluioui- and others from the United Kingdom. {libero was Bruce from Australia; qpates and Downie Stewart from New Zealand; Havenga. from South Africa: Chatterjee and Haroun from India; Moffatt from South- ern Rhodesia; O'Kelly and Ryan front Irish Free State and Ben- nptt, Rhodes, Stevens and all the members of Canadian cabinet re- presenting this Dominion, and Alderdico representing Newfound- land.

mepresentatives of the colonies hgld watching briefs and dozens of the leading economists oi every unit of the Empire were in Ot- tawa to lend their help and gui- dance 1o the laying oi the foun- dations fol" the great experiment in practical cooperation among the

I peoples oi the British Common- woalth-iof Nations.

Through four. weeks and two

" ays . these statesmen and, their ~ ellors labored unceasingly and

nt-htwo o'clock of the morning oi tins last day finally agreed upon a formula that received unanimous approval when the final plenary

Aviation 1n 1932 . liirogress, in aviation is reported from many sources. While there has been some falling off in the num- ber of passengers carried, notably in the United States, Canada has tinued bar primary oil- mall sen s. Many improvements in on- and in safety devices are ounced. The following four out. ding and record breaking isare worthy of special record. melin. Earhart Putnam made the non-stop flight across the erican continent ever made by oman completing the Journey in ours 4 mills. and 6 secs. mes. A, Molllson made the tern Atlantic flight alone in a t airplane breaking all previous rds for time. melia. Earhart Putnam flow the tio alone on May 21st, com- ,,tllo Journey in the record time of 13% hours. ' ' ‘Johnson, wife of Capt. Mol- broke her husband's rc- for a flight from London to C Town which she completed tio: hours. addition to these sensational his treat publicity was given to Hutohison “Flyinl Emily" an otarted a flight ovoi- the io regions. They were wrecked the coast of Greenland and res‘

L ca’

hiperial “Economic Conference Was Outstanding Feature 0f Past Year For Empire Nations

Slain President

President Doumer who met his death at the hands oi an assassin.

session of the Conference was called at 11 o'clock on the morning of August 20.

The formula is embodied in a. series oi inter-Empire trade agree- ments establishing definitely and for l! Period of flve years general-

ten years-a system of tariff pre- ierences and quotas whereby the Dominions extend their markets for manufactured goods to the United Kingdom,- while the Unit- ed Kingdom gives a preferential market to the natural products of the Dominions alld to their manu- factures as well. ‘

The British agreements with Canada, Australia, New Zealand. and South Africa are similar in scope, with variations to provide for preferences on the particular products each can supply to ad- vantage, Canado, for example, re- ceives a. preference of six cents per bushel upon her wheat, four cents per pound upon copper, a tell per cent preference upon lumber with a promise of a certain market, mid a definite market for upwards of 250,000,000 ,pounds of bacon per year. More profitable access to the United Kingdom market is also promised for dairy products, fruit, fish, live cattle, poultry, us- bestos, zinc, lead, tobacco and eggs, as well as free clltry for Canadian manufactures, whereas the British tariff against foreign products ranges from tcn 10 forty per cent.

In return will enjoy substantial tariff preferences in the Canadian market on a wide range oi nlllnu- factored products, principally, ii-ou and steel, textiles, electrical and chemical manufactures, and frcc admission oi hundreds of articles not manufactured in Canada.

Britain's concessions to Canada include tho fololwillg:

1. Continuance after Novonlbcr 15, 1932, of the frcc entry into thc United Kingdom of the Canadian goods previously admitted frcc, with tllc exception that free entry on eggs, poultry alld dairy products will be continued for three years certain, the United Kingdom m- scrving the right to review tile basis oi preference on tile commodities.

2. Other tariff preferences to Canada will be given by imposing duties against foreign countries on 800458 B8 1011005; Wheat, 6 cents per bushel; butter and cheese 15 per cent; raw apples 4s dd per cwt.; raw pears 4s. 6d. per cwt.; dried fruits then dutiublc at 7s. to go to 10s. 6d. per cwtz; with material preferences oll eggs, milk and milk

pears.

3. The United Kingdom gives an undertaking that thc general ad valorem duty of l0 per cent. on the following goods shall not be re- duced except wlth tllc consent of Canada-Canada continuing to ell- joy frco entry-timber of all kinds insofar as now dutiable, fresh son fish, canned salmon, otllcr calmed fish, asbestos, zinc and lead.

4. Britain undertakes to remove thc restriction upon entry of live» cattle from Canada, a step cul- caiculated to afford a market for 100.000 Canadian cattle annually if

c d by a British trawler, the Lord bot.

-31’... ..' ..,..

the Dominion can supply them. Furthermore, the United King-

ly — and in the case of tobacco,‘

products and canned apples and_

" War Debts And

Disarmalnents

Conference on war debts, repara- tions alld disarmament have been‘ held almost continuously through- out the year. The conference on dis- armament met on February 2nd, adjourned over Easter to re-as- serublo on April 2. While it is im- possible tho thousand and ‘one phases which these discussions have started, three schools of thought have emerged as follows; Quantitative disarmament» which would limit man power, material

and expenditure in certain fixeo ratios, Qualitative disarmament which

would llnlit power by reducing tho most dangerous weapons of war~ fare, and

Thirdly tlic plan favoured by the French which would give the League of Notions a. police course which would be international and could be called upon to check ag- gression whenever it was displayed.

Moratorium on war debts expir- ed oil July 1st, and Britain gave no notice that she would ask for an extension or other concessions. No provision however for payment was made in the British budget. -Dur- illg the United States election cam- paign Britain remained silent oll the question of war debts. The day after polling negotiations were ent- ered into by which Britain expected some concessions. United States re- mained adamant, refusing to grant an extension on the Moratorium or even to lzfgard the payment due as a provisional payment t9 be appor- tloned later if debt reduction were brought about. Great Britain paid her full amount of $95,000,000 on December 15th, and only about $10,000,011 owing by the smallet llatioils were in default. The com ferclice of Luccrne in Julie proveo" abortive. Germany throughout the year demanded “equality of status.‘ Early in November Macdonaldtrieo to arrange a four-power conference but Germany unexpectedly refused

donl undertook to check stata dumping by the Sovlci or any oth- er agency and has since abrogat- ed its trade agreement with Rus- sia. that unfair competition with Canadian wheat, lumber and other products may be controlled. ~

Canada, during Lhe session oi. Parliament convened in October to ratify tllc agreements amended its tariff to thc extent of 229 items in‘ order to afford the United King- dom greater access to the Canadian, market. 'I‘he free llst.undcr tho] British preferential tariff was nia- terially extended, wllilc in other cases the intermediate and general tariffs were lllcrcilscd to rcmovu foreign competition.

Perhaps the most important con- cession given by Canada wns to ex- tend to the British manufacturer the right to appear before the Canadian tariff board to establish any claim that thc llulrgin of pro- Lcction afforded a Canadian in- dustry was more [llflll would permit the British manufacturer to com- pete'oll fail" terms in the Canadian market. If the British manufacturer proves his case the Canadian gov- erlllncnt llns undertaken to imple- ment the finding of the Tariff Board and reduce the margin of u protection.

The success or failure of tllc great cxporlnleilt, of coul"se, is bound up in the details by which it is to bc worked out, but the Ot- LllWH. Imperial Economic Confer- rucv — irrcspcciiveof its fruits - lnust lllwllyS stand out as a land- mark ill the history of the Empire m; lilnrkillg the first unified effort l0 link material with sentimental lIIlUlWJEHS in illc common welfare.

The Great

Cry

144.1; criAkaui'l"l-:i'uwi\i GUARDIAN

QUTSTANLIIING EVENTS or 1932-41 YEAR or

Dutiable illiports . . .

Review Trade Of The Dominion

' . , (Corrected lo the llrst half of fiscal your 1032-33.)

, . ....,... . .. Dutiable imports (1931) ...,.. 212,453,180 Free inlpilrts (1931) . . . . . . 105,768,547 Exports of Canadian Produce .. .. 234,182,869

Exports of Canadian Produce (1931) 295,516,899 gxports of Foreign produce 3.772.514 Exports of Foreign produce (1931) 5,765,772 Balance of Trade (l93l)-—Excess imports 16,939,057 Balance of Trade (1932)—Exce.ss imports . . . . . . . . . . . 16,314,708 Coin and bullion exported (1932) . 30,222,637

. . 25,994,261

Coin and bullion exported (1931) .

.. . . . .. $138,295,221 83,345,454

British Statesman

i A .

The Right Honourable Stanley Baldwin who headed the delega- iion of the Imperial Conference here last July.

Canada

The holding of the first Imperial Conference at ‘Ottawa, which is fully referred to in another column, dwarfed all other events in Canada. The long preparation for thc meet- ing, the representative nature of the delegates who attended, the success which crowned their labours allxtendcd to emphasize its import- ance to Canada, to the British Em- pire and to thc world in general.

Music, Theatres And Other Events

Till?» year of depression has not been ‘il. happy one for theatres 0r music in Canada. A survey of 1932 reveals that there has been an as- tonishing dearth of legitimate sholvs; many of them did not suc- ceed financially, and those that did in one city often lost out in an- other. Even amateur tlleatricals felt the pinch of hard times. The cinema, catering to a wider public was responsible for most of the en- tertalillnent during the year, but that industry too suffered to a. marked degree. Prices had to be cut in some of the leading picture houses," and even then pictures that in other years might have had longer runs in the larger houses, remained for little more than the usual period of time.

Music, the less patronized of the arts, dldnot do too badly with the visit of several famous artists to Canada. It is a. moot question, how- ever, whether musical impressarios have had a. cheerful time of it.

Dancing-and in the days when Pavlova used to visit Canada there was a distinct audience for this great art-must have suffered most of all. There were only two im- portant dance recitals during the year, that of Kreutzberg and Escu- dero.

Of the legitimate shows

Tile signing of all agreement be- tween Canada and thc United. States over the St. Lawrence Water- l’ way which has been o subject ofi discussion between the coilntriesf for many years was tile fllst con-‘l crete step towards completion of}

o... Lindbergh wit: kidnap-

pingawad the-crimesensatinn oi’ the‘ year. After sliowceks of fruitless

search his dead body was found

near his 110m

this tremendous engineering pro-l ject. Tlle agreement has now to bel ratified by the United States Sen- ate after which it will be laid be-i fore the Canadian parliament forl approval.

Largely as tile result of violentl

attacks made on the administration ;'

of that. Canadiall National Railway‘ system before the Railway Colnllllt- i tee of the House of Commons, Sir‘ Henry Thornton resigned his post‘ as president of lhc road, receivingf a sum of approximately $100,000 ini

compensation for his unexpired contract term. l Hon. Hllnford McNldcl", thc 1

United States Minister at Wlislling- ; toll, resigned shortly after the sigrl- l lng of the St. Lawrence agrcbmellt. l

'l‘hei"e were serious riots ill Klllg- stall and St. Vincent de Paul pom-I icntlarics. At the former the l"1ot-, ing lasted spasniodically for twoi weeks and tear gas had to be used to suppress thc viotcrs.

A. Trclle, who has vl"oll many prizes for his wheat was again crowllcd Chicago King of thc World at thc Chicago willtCl‘ Fair where Canada. took illc bulk of thc awards. Ml". Trellc is a. farmer in Alberta.

Patel" Vcrcgin, soil of tllc founder of thc Doukhobor colony in this country was sentenced to servo three years for perjury and to bo deported. '

A sensation was caused wllcll all- nouncemcllt was made of serious defalciltions iin the accounts of Robert Machray, KC, registrar of

. Manitoba University. The amount

involved included large sums be- longing to the Anglican Church in several dioceses was estimated at about $1,000,000. Macllrriy was sci.- tcnced to serve scvcn years in tile penitentiary. '

The Government, following the recommendations of the Aird Com- mission, decided to take over con-

trol oi broadcasting in Canada and

were at thebcginning of the year | the perennial productions by Sir]

English actor brought to Canada‘ “The King's Messenger" to inau- gurate his trip across thc Domin-g ion, and on his return trip in the.‘ spring gave that place again as well

as Sir Henry Irving's famous suc-

cess “Tlle Bells." 'I‘llere was also

the Jones-Colbourne production of

“The Queen's Husband," and the l"c-

tum visit of thc Sli" Barry Jackson

company ill "The Burretts of Win1-

p010 Street," and Sir James Bar-

l"ic’s “Quality Street," as well as the , New York production of "The Good

Companions." A visit from Ethel

Barrymore ill “The School for

Scandal" rounded out the laies win-

L01‘ and spring season.

The present season has bccll fea- lurcd by tllrce plays and one op- cl-cttzl. First came the Jones and Colbourllc production of Shaw's "Too True to Be Good," followed by Jack Minster with the Aldwych farce, “Rookery Nook," and finally tile O'Neill "Mourning Becomes Electra." Lovers of thc old favorite, "The Chocolate Soldier" had an opportunity of seeing it again rc- contly. Beyond that most of thc theatres have bccn given ovcr to thc showing of British pictures.

The Repertory Theatres in many cities, have worked conscientiously and have prcselltccl several news plans as wt-ll as a series of native one-act plays. Tllcsc groups arc

(Continued Oil Page 13»)

appointed Hector Charlcsworth, a well known Toronto ncwspaperman to be chairman of the Radio Com- mission.

Senator McDougald and Messrs. Swcczcy, Henry and Griffith, rc- signcd at the request of thc Gov- ernment from the Bcauhamois company and the Government an- nounced that it would take over the Beauharnois canal fol; naviga- iloll purposes.

Rt. Hon. Arthur Mcigllcll, former prime minister of Canada. was named a senator and appointed to lead thc Conservative party in ihc Senate.

Wheat Figures for Canada

Checked lo November 15th, 1032

Canadian wheat in stock .. . . Canadian wheat in stock-Nov. 15th, 193i ..... Amount shipped since beginning of season Amount shipped from Montreal since begui-

ning of season Amount shipped from Vancouver

ning of season . Amount shipped from Churchill since begin-

ning of season

and women who haw \ll(!fl during the year are:

53.

berth, 50.

PRUMISE AND Full

» “Passed 0n”

Anlollg thc disilngubllcci men

Edgar Wallace, Novelist. wm. Southam, Publisher, 81. Albert Thomas, Socialist lcallcr,

Earl of Egmont, Rancher of Al- Lord Ilichcape, Shlpowner, 79.

Edward Swift, Meat packer. 6-1- Sir Donald MacLcall, Brliisll Cab-

fieaca SEVEN ~

ILMENT?

Two Sessions 0f Parliament

Were Held In Canada During This llistory-Makingfear

Stormy Petrel,

iliet Minister, 68.

worker, 85.

hate. Mr. Justice Ade of Ontario. William Lackaye, Actor. George Eastman, “Kodak?

CI‘.

rlo Liberal party.

byterian minister, 103. Rose Coglllan, Actress, 80.

Northwest rebellion, 82.

teciive, 70.

Guardian, 48. gary East, 70. adian novelist, 70.

Dominion Steel Corporation. Right Hon. Chief Justice South Africa, 63.

74.

Rev. Di". York rector, 58. former

there l -

Dllgflld Stcnvilri, Lullcnburg, 70.

l". H. Pllippcil, KC, 'l'0l‘Olli1l, John Marnn_Hal_vey_ _ The veteran, forlllcl" justice oi till: Appeal Court

of hfallitoba, 70. l-loll. Andrew Haydon. Canadian Senator, 05.

lion. Narcissc Pvrocicnll. Ivlolltrcal v former Licui.-Go".'vl"nol‘ of Quebec,

o

Australian

in i032 zi goncrill

lllolllclliolls in Ailstrilllzill

Minister Scully and partymwils _plcdgc_d

of national debts.

lhcrc.

your.

242,943,768

...-o.-.n-.......

.. 34.035010 slnci- begin-

25,187,476

176,186,462 l 78,658,846 I

2.861.501

Franklin Roosevelt who defeated President llcovcr in thc President-

ial collicst last November.

Col. Grant Morden, Canadian

Financier, 52.

James Ed. Wyatt, fix-speaker, P.E.I., 71,

Mrs. Asa Gordon, 'l‘cl_npcl"".l:lcc

W. B. Willoughby, Leader of Se-

Cllarlic Armstrong, Engineer, 82. Thomas Bala, Shbc Manufactur-

Sil" Ronald Ross. British Scientist. F. Wellington Hay, Lcildcr Outa-

Rev. Dr. James Pilttcrson, Pics-

Gvlleral John Hughes, veteran of William J. Burns, American dc-

Sir Patrick Gccldcs, botanist, 79. Edward, Scott, editor Manchester

H. B. Adsllead, former M. P. Cal- Sir Gilbert Parker, London, Can- J. H. Plummol", former President Jacob deVllllers.

Sir Percy Girouilrd, K.C.l\.f.G., D. S. 0., Canadian born engineer.

Eva. Davenport, English actress." Robert Norwood, New M.

Mrs. E. H. l-iurrlmall, New York,

Otlzllva,

Grout change.» ll<l\'(' lzikcll place. ill Australia (luring; Lllt‘ _\'(‘ill‘. Early (‘lflilflll “'11s fought which was ollc of illf.‘ most llisiory. Joscpll A. Lyons lloiiilcd ll coali- tion which roundly" default-cl Prlnle ousted thc Labollr Party from ufliclr. The new to u. policy of sound illmllcc illld ll()ll-l'f‘})il(ll€\ll0ll A fvw nlontlls later Premier ‘Lung who llatl been the soilrcc of illllCll of Australia's troubles through 1115 extravagance and lllS unsound flllailclllg wils dis- lllisscd il"onl office by till‘ (‘zovcrnor of New South Willcs and in tllc curly summer ilic Lzlboui" party in Victoria was soundly" bczitmi at thc polls. Ausirulili sclli u strong dole-r gallon it) lllf‘ confcrcilci: at Oiiawa who professed t3 bc- lhoriluuliLv sni- isfictl with thc ngrcitlllcllls reached Tlli- opening of the grcilt bridge across S_\'(lllf‘_\' llllrboul" built at ii cur of uvcl" 540000.001! was an outstanding oven: in illl‘ Australian

NewllifSi President

. . . a Adolph Hitler. chief of the Nazis. whose increasing power in Germany has forced the President t0 355111119 dictatorial powers.

Great Britain

Tllc year 1932 has been a. some- what uneventful one, internally for Britain. Her troubles over debts and reparations, with Ireland with In- dia, the lending part she played at the Inlpcrlal Economic Conference at Ottawa and negotiations at Lau- szuine and Geneva are dealt with in the records devoted to these countries.